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which can damage buildings by moving their foundations. Foundations are normally built below the frost depth for this reason. Water and sewage pipes are normally buried below the frost line to prevent them from freezing. Alternatively, pipes may be insulated or actively heated using heat-tape or
78:). The line varies by latitude, it is deeper closer to the poles. The maximum frost depth observed in the contiguous United States ranges from 0 to 8 feet (2.4 m). Below that depth, the temperature varies, but is always above 32 °F (0 °C).
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similar products to allow for shallower depths. Due to additional cost, this method is typically only used where deeper trenching is not an option due to utility conflicts, shallow bedrock, or other conditions that make deeper excavation infeasible.
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233:"CHAPTER 7. FROST PENETRATION ANALYSIS RESULTS - Long-Term Pavement Performance Computed Parameter: Frost Penetration, November 2008 - FHWA-HRT-08-057"
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There are many ways to predict frost depth including factors which relate air temperature, soil temperature and soil properties.
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refers to the varying position of the frost line during seasonal periods of freezing and thawing.
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97:" is used instead. Finally, in tropical regions, frost line may refer to the vertical geographic
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properties of the soil and adjacent materials, and on nearby heat sources. For example,
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444:"Foundation, Frost Penetration Depths for Southern Ontario (OPSD 3090.101 rev.1)"
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342:. Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry. 2007-10-09. Archived from
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Canada: Can use table of estimates based on freezing index degree days.
315:(2007 ed.). Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry. 2007-03-09
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368:"Edmonds City Design Code: Chapter 19.05 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE"
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locations the freezing depth is so deep that it becomes year-round
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310:"Frost Depth: Minnesota State Building Code Rules 1303.1600"
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198:: Map of frost penetration depths for Southern Ontario.
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is expected to freeze. The frost depth depends on the
122:sometimes take frost depth into account because of
72:the ground and homes can heat the ground (see also
26:Not to be confused with the geographical feature
16:Depth groundwater in soil is expected to freeze
483:"Frost Heave (Civil Engineering vol.1 No.11)"
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45:—is most commonly the depth to which the
337:"The 2007 Minnesota State Building Code"
165:Southern counties: 3.5 feet (1.1 m)
134:Sample frost lines for various locations
389:"Spokane BUILD-07 Official Frost Depth"
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162:Northern counties: 5 feet (1.5 m)
414:"Ambient Temperatures - Below Ground"
394:. Spokane Development Services Center
238:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
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451:Ontario Ministry of Transportation
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487:Walters Forensic Engineering
21:Frost line (disambiguation)
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453:. Nov 2010. Archived from
204:: 1.8 metres (5.9 ft)
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283:"Columbus Building Codes"
210:: 1.0 metre (3.3 ft)
287:library.municode.com
185:: 24 inches (0.61 m)
179:: 18 inches (0.46 m)
19:For other uses, see
151:: 32 inches (0.8 m)
55:climatic conditions
493:on 15 January 2019
460:on 15 January 2019
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495:. Retrieved
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259:"Frost line"
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101:below which
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183:Spokane, WA
177:Edmonds, WA
109:Frost front
75:heat island
47:groundwater
39:frost depth
519:Glaciology
513:Categories
497:16 January
464:16 January
423:16 January
353:2010-01-04
319:2010-01-04
292:2018-03-13
268:2008-06-11
244:2017-04-27
219:References
171:Washington
95:thaw depth
91:permafrost
63:snow cover
35:frost line
157:Minnesota
99:elevation
87:Antarctic
28:Snow line
159:(2007):
70:insulate
398:19 July
373:19 July
208:Windsor
196:Ontario
173:(2023)
145:(2018)
67:asphalt
418:Urecon
202:Ottawa
83:Arctic
458:(PDF)
447:(PDF)
392:(PDF)
347:(PDF)
340:(PDF)
313:(PDF)
103:frost
499:2014
466:2014
425:2014
400:2023
375:2023
143:Ohio
85:and
65:and
51:soil
33:The
49:in
41:or
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