852:. A diplomatic incident arose when it was discovered that the French and Belgians had purchased a majority stake in the American China Development Company. This contravened the Chinese decision to prevent a single foreign power from controlling the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway by awarding two concessions to different countries. Growing opposition to foreign ownership of railways pushed the Chinese government to cancel the American concession in December 1904, putting the Guangzhou–Sanshui Railway into Chinese hands. The Belgian concession for the Beijing–Hankou Railway would also be redeemed in 1909.
815:) was double-tracked standard gauge line using 75 lb (34 kg) steel rails. Because of the shortage of funds economies were made by purchasing used equipment from the United States and this included eight reconditioned ex-Manhattan Elevated Railway "Forney"-type tank locomotives, which had been built in 1885–1886 and were designed for running backwards (cab-first). Most of the stations along the route were initially small temporary mat-shed structures and the only permanent station erected in time for the opening of the railway was at Fatshan. This section was opened to traffic in late 1903.
913:
861:
767:
663:
444:
140:
419:
394:
369:
344:
319:
294:
269:
244:
219:
194:
169:
740:
The origins of this railway go back to the so-called “Battle for
Concessions” during 1898 when Western powers bickered among themselves over the extraction of railway concessions from the Qing Dynasty government, severely weakened by their loss of the war with Japan over Korea. Not wishing to be left
774:
The
American syndicate soon ran into all kinds of difficulties. The Spanish–American War had broken out causing a shortage of funds. On top of this, the leading driver of the scheme, Senator Brice, died leaving the syndicate without any enthusiastic and wealthy investors. Many of the Americans, who
823:
Construction of the next section from Foshan to
Sanshui was then continued and a ceremony attended by the railway's senior staff and a number of invited guests was held on 22 September 1904 to drive in the ‘last (silver) spike’, marking completion of the line. By this time the railway had received
872:
By 1909 the Shek Wei Tong maintenance depot in Canton had been enlarged and incorporated a machine shop and coach works capable of producing their own 60-foot-long (18 m) steel passenger coaches. The railway still exists and continues to be known as the Guang-San line as far as Sam Shui
779:. However eventually in the autumn of 1902, with the American syndicate now under the presidency of Barclay Parsons, the short Canton-Sam Shui branch line was commenced. The American team of engineers sent to build the branch was headed by Chief Engineer C.W. Mead CE.
788:
757:
was dispatched to China to conduct the survey. Barclay
Parsons describes the difficulties endured during this survey in his own account of this work “An American in China” published in 1900 after his return to USA.
775:
owned shares, became disillusioned and gradually sold out to French-Belgian interests, while the battle for control of the line continued. The next incident to delay the construction was the 1900
1101:
1096:
734:
1091:
742:
684:
1024:
1086:
155:
882:
696:
517:
656:
652:
151:
890:
688:
636:
503:
845:
750:
718:
121:
455:
825:
849:
721:
and was the first portion of this southern trunk line to be constructed. The first 10 miles from Canton to
Fatshan (
205:
405:
800:
280:
180:
230:
829:
430:
380:
355:
330:
878:
754:
725:) opened in late 1903 and the remainder to Sam Shui was completed and formally opened on 23 September 1904.
255:
933:"Railway Enterprise in China – An Account of its Origin and Development" by Percy Horace Kent, London 1907
305:
833:
993:
China's Quest for
Railway Autonomy, 1904–1911: A Study of the Chinese Railway-Rights Recovery Movement
1049:
749:
in April 1898, obtained a concession for the construction of the 750 mi (1,210 km)-long
607:
599:
792:
569:
561:
540:
1028:
918:
796:
981:"Steam Locomotive Lists in China" by Mitsuhiro Katsurawa, Stephenson Locomotive Society
776:
860:
787:
1080:
828:
of
Pittsburgh in 1903. In later years it acquired similar locomotives from both the
733:
766:
746:
547:
662:
824:
its first two-passenger engines which were 4-4-0 tender locomotives built by the
71:
908:
808:
714:
676:
648:
578:
51:
753:. In the autumn of 1898 a team of American engineers led by Chief Engineer
585:
898:
680:
666:
Map showing the route of the Canton to Sam Shui railway built 1902–1904
116:
954:"An American Engineer in China" by Wm. Barclay Parsons, New York 1900
812:
722:
704:
651:
province, built from 1902 to 1904. In 2004, the line merged with the
877:) from where the line now extends as part of a Provincially owned
859:
786:
765:
661:
865:
864:
Photograph of 4-4-0 passenger locomotive No.21 built in 1903 by
741:
out of the fray, a powerful
American syndicate known as the
732:
1014:
China
Railway Atlas, Third Edition, Quail Map Company, 2008
848:
was stalled, the
Belgians were making good progress on the
1059:
604:
590:
566:
552:
717:) this short line was built as a branch line of the
598:
584:
577:
560:
546:
539:
534:
516:
502:
493:
70:
62:
57:
47:
33:
28:
23:
807:The first section of about 10 miles from Canton (
770:Post card dated c. 1903 showing railway at Canton
16:Railway line located in Guangdong province, China
683:) was constructed between 1902 and 1904 by the
522:
508:
38:
8:
941:
939:
856:Shek Wei Tong depot and coach building shops
675:The 32 mile-long railway line from Canton (
531:
129:
102:
745:, formed under the auspices of financier
803:on the Guangdong–Sanshui railway in 1903
719:Canton–Hankow (Guangzhou–Hankou) railway
926:
751:Canton–Hankow (Guangzhou–Wuhan) Railway
104:
868:of USA for the Canton-Sam Shui railway
687:. Commencing from its Shek Wei Tong: (
606:
568:
490:
20:
7:
1005:The Far Eastern Review,November 1909
945:The Far Eastern Review: January 1906
972:The Far Eastern Review October 1904
963:The Locomotive Magazine, April 1903
743:American China Development Company
685:American China Development Company
14:
1102:Standard gauge railways in China
911:
713:) terminus and depot in Canton (
442:
417:
392:
367:
342:
317:
292:
267:
242:
217:
192:
167:
138:
605:
591:
894:
886:
709:
700:
692:
640:
567:
553:
523:
509:
39:
1:
995:. Singapore University Press.
643:), historically known as the
443:
139:
1097:Railway lines opened in 1903
1092:Rail transport in Guangdong
1025:"Hong Kong Railway Society"
826:American Locomotive Company
418:
393:
368:
343:
318:
293:
268:
243:
218:
193:
168:
1118:
801:Manhattan Elevated Railway
156:Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway
840:Termination of concession
657:Guangzhou–Maoming railway
629:Guangzhou–Sanshui railway
619:
530:
498:
494:Guangzhou–Sanshui railway
454:
436:
429:
411:
404:
386:
379:
361:
354:
336:
329:
311:
304:
286:
279:
261:
254:
236:
229:
211:
204:
186:
179:
161:
152:Beijing–Guangzhou Railway
150:
132:
101:
24:Guangzhou–Sanshui railway
1050:
846:Guangzhou–Hankou Railway
518:Traditional Chinese
755:William Barclay Parsons
653:Sanshui–Maoming railway
647:, is a railway line in
645:Canton–Sam Shui railway
504:Simplified Chinese
456:Sanshui–Maoming Railway
107:Stations and structures
66:49 km (30 mi)
1087:Railway lines in China
879:Sanmao Railway Company
869:
850:Beijing–Hankou Railway
804:
771:
737:
667:
863:
836:locomotive companies
790:
769:
736:
665:
991:Lee, En-han (1977).
762:Construction delayed
729:Financing and survey
883:traditional Chinese
697:traditional Chinese
891:simplified Chinese
870:
805:
772:
738:
689:simplified Chinese
668:
623:
622:
615:
614:
541:Standard Mandarin
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
1109:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1058:. Archived from
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1027:. Archived from
1021:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
996:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
964:
961:
955:
952:
946:
943:
934:
931:
921:
916:
915:
914:
896:
888:
791:A reconditioned
711:
702:
694:
642:
633:Guangsan railway
611:
610:
609:
594:
593:
592:gwongsaam titlou
573:
572:
571:
556:
555:
532:
526:
525:
512:
511:
491:
446:
445:
421:
420:
396:
395:
371:
370:
346:
345:
321:
320:
296:
295:
271:
270:
246:
245:
221:
220:
196:
195:
171:
170:
142:
141:
130:
117:
103:
96:
94:
93:
89:
86:
78:
43:
42:
41:
21:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
990:
989:
985:
980:
976:
971:
967:
962:
958:
953:
949:
944:
937:
932:
928:
919:Railways portal
917:
912:
910:
907:
858:
842:
821:
819:Sanshui section
797:tank locomotive
785:
764:
731:
679:) to Sam Shui (
673:
625:
624:
452:
447:
427:
422:
402:
397:
377:
372:
352:
347:
327:
322:
302:
297:
277:
272:
252:
247:
227:
222:
202:
197:
177:
172:
148:
143:
124:
108:
91:
87:
84:
82:
81:4 ft
80:
76:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1115:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1041:
1016:
1007:
998:
983:
974:
965:
956:
947:
935:
925:
924:
923:
922:
906:
903:
857:
854:
841:
838:
820:
817:
811:) to Fatshan (
784:
783:Foshan section
781:
777:Boxer Uprising
763:
760:
730:
727:
672:
669:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
602:
596:
595:
588:
582:
581:
579:Yue: Cantonese
575:
574:
564:
558:
557:
554:Guǎngsān Tiělù
550:
544:
543:
537:
536:
535:Transcriptions
528:
527:
520:
514:
513:
506:
500:
499:
496:
495:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
459:
458:
453:
450:
448:
441:
439:
437:
434:
433:
428:
425:
423:
416:
414:
412:
409:
408:
403:
400:
398:
391:
389:
387:
384:
383:
378:
375:
373:
366:
364:
362:
359:
358:
353:
350:
348:
341:
339:
337:
334:
333:
328:
325:
323:
316:
314:
312:
309:
308:
303:
300:
298:
291:
289:
287:
284:
283:
278:
275:
273:
266:
264:
262:
259:
258:
253:
250:
248:
241:
239:
237:
234:
233:
228:
225:
223:
216:
214:
212:
209:
208:
206:Guangzhou West
203:
200:
198:
191:
189:
187:
184:
183:
178:
175:
173:
166:
164:
162:
159:
158:
149:
146:
144:
137:
135:
133:
126:
125:
120:
110:
109:
106:
99:
98:
74:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
35:
31:
30:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1114:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1062:on 2007-03-11
1061:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1042:
1031:on 2008-06-29
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
994:
987:
984:
978:
975:
969:
966:
960:
957:
951:
948:
942:
940:
936:
930:
927:
920:
909:
904:
902:
900:
892:
884:
880:
876:
867:
862:
855:
853:
851:
847:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
818:
816:
814:
810:
802:
798:
794:
789:
782:
780:
778:
768:
761:
759:
756:
752:
748:
744:
735:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
706:
698:
690:
686:
682:
678:
670:
664:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
638:
634:
630:
618:
608:
603:
601:
597:
589:
587:
583:
580:
576:
570:
565:
563:
559:
551:
549:
545:
542:
538:
533:
529:
521:
519:
515:
507:
505:
501:
497:
492:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
460:
457:
449:
440:
438:
435:
432:
424:
415:
413:
410:
407:
406:Xiaotang West
399:
390:
388:
385:
382:
374:
365:
363:
360:
357:
349:
340:
338:
335:
332:
324:
315:
313:
310:
307:
299:
290:
288:
285:
282:
274:
265:
263:
260:
257:
249:
240:
238:
235:
232:
224:
215:
213:
210:
207:
199:
190:
188:
185:
182:
174:
165:
163:
160:
157:
153:
145:
136:
134:
131:
128:
127:
123:
119:
118:
115:
112:
111:
105:
100:
77:1,435 mm
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
53:
50:
46:
36:
32:
27:
22:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:the original
1055:
1044:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:the original
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
929:
874:
871:
843:
822:
806:
773:
747:Calvin Brice
739:
708:
674:
671:Introduction
655:to form the
644:
632:
628:
626:
548:Hanyu Pinyin
113:
1056:hkrs.org.hk
281:Foshan East
72:Track gauge
63:Line length
34:Native name
1081:Categories
1066:2009-03-02
1035:2009-03-02
905:References
897:) line to
844:While the
710:Shíwéitáng
231:Sanyanqiao
809:Guangzhou
799:from the
715:Guangzhou
677:Guangzhou
649:Guangdong
431:Zoumaying
181:Guangzhou
58:Technical
52:Guangdong
586:Jyutping
381:Xiaotang
356:Shangbai
95: in
29:Overview
899:Maoming
875:Sanshui
830:Baldwin
681:Sanshui
637:Chinese
426:44.2 km
401:39.3 km
376:36.7 km
351:31.3 km
331:Jiebian
326:25.5 km
301:22.6 km
276:18.3 km
251:14.5 km
226:10.4 km
90:⁄
893::
885::
813:Foshan
795:-type
793:Forney
723:Foshan
707::
705:pinyin
699::
691::
639::
306:Foshan
122:Legend
114:
48:Locale
256:Qicha
866:ALCO
834:Lima
832:and
641:广三铁路
627:The
524:廣三鐵路
510:广三铁路
201:3 km
176:0 km
40:广三铁路
1051:臟隔穦
895:三茂线
887:三茂線
701:石圍塘
693:石围塘
631:or
600:IPA
562:IPA
1083::
1054:.
938:^
901:.
889:;
703:;
695:;
659:.
451:to
154:,
147:to
1069:.
1038:.
881:(
873:(
635:(
97:)
92:2
88:1
85:+
83:8
79:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.