604:
555:
372:, which included territories now belonging to Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and Belgium as well as Metropolitan France. NCOs were selected from among the enlisted members, though selection consisted of little more than choosing the "likely looking men". The officers were drawn from those already serving. The regimental colonels were existing generals and the unit's majors were existing line cavalry colonels; other officers transferred into the unit with their existing ranks. Regimental commanders were selected from leading members of the nobility in an effort to attract others of that class.
397:. Although they were closely associated with the Imperial Guard cavalry (and often served with them in the field) they were not officially part of that force, though many members of the Guards of Honour considered themselves as such. The Guards of Honour were paid on the same scales as the Chasseurs Ă Cheval of the Imperial Guard, and the unit's trumpeters wore the sky blue uniforms of the Imperial Guard rather than the green of the line cavalry. Though technically classed as volunteers, the Guards of Honour have been described as
333:
1000:
989:
76:
58:
34:
251:
and the Guards were raised to remedy this. Drawn from members of the nobility most were already experienced riders, which meant that lengthy horsemanship training was not required. They were also expected to provide their own uniforms, horses and equipment which lessened the burden on the French
633:
to Paris. Louis ordered the Guards to disband by Royal
Ordinance on 24 June 1814. General Exelmans supervised the disbanding of the 1st Regiment at Versailles on 14 July. The 2nd Regiment disbanded on 15 July, the 3rd at Tours on 17 July and the 4th at Rambouillet on 22 July. Around 900 of the
368:. Each regiment had a staff of 65 men and 156 horses and 20 companies (paired into 10 squadrons), each of 122 men and 127 horses, totalling 2,505 men and 2,696 horses. Therefore the Guards of Honour alone added 10,000 cavalrymen to the Grande Armée. The men were required to be citizens of the
296:
While
Napoleon could fill infantry units rapidly with conscripts, the cavalry had suffered huge losses of men and horses in Russia, and took longer to raise, as it took considerable time to train men to ride and fight on horseback and Napoleon had few experienced
305:, as they were expected to serve as scouts in the field and to operate without the direct supervision of the officers and senior NCOs. It was reckoned that it took three years to train an efficient light cavalryman, time that Napoleon did not have.
806:
385:
hostages of
Napoleon. In some cases the minimum service age of 18 was ignored; at Tours, of the 63 Guards of Honour recruited in 1813, 11 were 17 and one was 16 years old (the average age of Guards recruited there was 20 years 6 months).
308:
Napoleon turned instead to the French nobility who were accustomed to riding, could purchase their own uniforms and equipment, and supply their own horses. He had previously attempted to attract such men into his army, forming the
272:
hundreds of thousands of men had been killed, wounded, captured, or had deserted or otherwise lost from his forces; he retreated with an army numbering just tens of thousands. Napoleon needed to reform the Grande Armée to defend
1057:
1663:
324:. Forming another such unit in 1813 would also provide Napoleon with a pool of potentially valuable hostages from well-placed families, important at a time when his power was threatened by the defeat in Russia.
566:
and by 15 September they formed part of the 3rd
Imperial Guard Cavalry Division. By this time the 1st Regiment of the Guards had been reduced in strength to 13 officers and 354 men. The regiments fought at the
1047:
571:
on 30 October. Advancing to the battle through a forest in company with the
Imperial Guard cavalry they suffered casualties from artillery fire. Alongside the Imperial Guard cavalry they charged a unit of
1052:
1658:
381:
class and some poor men, paid to enlist as replacements by men who did not want to serve. Many of the members had royalist or foreign backgrounds and were often keenly aware of their position as
1653:
955:
603:
931:
An illustrated encyclopedia of uniforms of the
Napoleonic wars : an expert, in-depth reference to the officers and soldiers of the revolutionary and Napoleonic period, 1792-1815
38:
Gallery of uniforms of the Guards of Honour, from left to right: Trumpeter of the 4th
Regiment, Brigadier (Corporal) of the 2nd Regiment, and Chevalier (Private) of the 1st Regiment.
977:
1673:
301:(NCOs) to use as trainers since most had been promoted to fill officer vacancies. Men with riding experience and the capability to operate independently were essential for the
580:
554:
408:
Each regiment was enlist soldiers from different parts of the empire, and every department received instructions about the contingents of guardsmen that they had to muster:
1217:
579:
The Guards of Honour were not committed with the rest of their division and the 2nd
Cavalry Corps to a charge on the enemy cavalry later in the battle (led by General
315:
286:
970:
369:
591:
who were being driven back. The Guards of Honour were complimented on their conduct at Hanau by
Napoleon and a number of its soldiers were awarded the
281:, he left the remnants of his army and returned to France. He was unwilling to draw more men from the French army in Spain, where it was fighting the
1016:
588:
1067:
1026:
394:
1191:
1576:
1161:
1080:
1008:
963:
938:
236:
1668:
612:
583:). However when this charge got into difficulty the 3rd Guards of Honour, numbering around 400 men, was ordered into the fray by General
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
616:
310:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1222:
1212:
1207:
320:
in 1806. Some 394 men from well-born families joined but the unit was disbanded just a year later after jealousy from the rest of the
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1166:
911:
884:
1628:
1566:
1342:
576:
cavalry that threatened to overrun the
Imperial Guard artillery. The Guards went on to capture an Austro-Bavarian artillery unit.
1357:
1352:
1347:
1332:
1075:
1592:
1277:
1282:
1031:
865:
584:
646:
Throughout the Guards of Honour's history, the status of the unit was brought into question many times. According to Pawley,
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1021:
402:
1571:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1337:
1602:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1327:
595:. By December morale in the unit remained high, though it was notably lower among the Dutch, Italian and German members.
1123:
1623:
1607:
1141:
1136:
1131:
994:
321:
121:
1597:
697:
248:
638:) with the rank of second lieutenant. The members residing outside the new boundaries of France returned home.
1557:
398:
298:
440:
126:
587:. Despite being exhausted by early manoeuvring and having gone 24 hours without food, the regiment saved the
635:
563:
620:
615:. A commemorative plaque on the battlefield marks the involvement of the 3rd Regiment in the 12 February
207:
202:
1298:
626:
After the abdication of Napoleon part of the Guards of Honour provided the escort for the entry of the
1303:
332:
197:
80:
349:
290:
274:
1183:
573:
763:
999:
944:
934:
917:
907:
890:
880:
861:
627:
265:
187:
352:
and established by decree on 5 April. Four regiments were ordered: the 1st Regiment based at
775:
592:
568:
495:
341:
278:
240:
228:
192:
182:
261:
282:
269:
100:
1647:
933:. London Lanham, Md: Lorenz North American agent/distributor, National Book Network.
877:
Napoleon's Regiments: Battle Histories of the Regiments of the French Army, 1792–1815
444:
302:
152:
90:
491:
630:
518:
506:
483:
448:
353:
142:
921:
948:
894:
499:
452:
377:
264:
of 400,000 men on an invasion of Russia. Six months later, after enduring
780:
558:
The 3rd Regiment of the Guards of Honour charge during the Battle of Hanau
510:
479:
475:
429:
244:
648:"The Guards of Honour were never an official part of the Imperial Guard"
860:. Men-at-Arms. Botley, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.
542:
534:
526:
375:
As well as the traditional nobility, the unit included members of the
33:
988:
530:
514:
487:
393:-style uniforms and their undress uniform was similar to that of the
390:
75:
63:
602:
553:
538:
468:
464:
460:
456:
425:
421:
413:
361:
331:
522:
433:
417:
365:
357:
157:
147:
959:
634:
Frenchmen in the unit were accepted into Louis' bodyguard (the
293:
and Spanish troops, and therefore had to raise fresh troops.
1664:
French military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars
906:. Long Acre, London, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.
401:, a name given to conscripts of the years 1813–14 after
1659:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1814
1616:
1585:
1556:
1457:
1366:
1320:
1291:
1270:
1231:
1200:
1182:
1175:
1154:
1122:
1089:
1066:
1040:
1007:
650:. Smith however notes that the Guards of Honour "
545:) with quotas totalling between 1,242 and 2,484 men
502:) with quotas totalling between 1,242 and 2,484 men
471:) with quotas totalling between 1,205 and 2,410 men
436:) with quotas totalling between 1,248 and 2,496 men
175:
163:
137:
114:
106:
96:
86:
69:
51:
43:
21:
1654:Military units and formations established in 1813
348:) were ordered to be formed on 3 April 1813 by a
656:"They were therefore in the Guard but not of it"
611:The Guards of Honour also participated in the
581:Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta
405:, who signed some of the conscription orders.
311:Gendarmerie d'ordonnance de la Garde impériale
971:
619:. The Guards also fought at the 12–13 March
235:) were light cavalry regiments raised in the
8:
474:3rd Regiment to be organised from the 10th (
879:. London, United Kingdom: Greenhill Books.
652:incorporated into the Guard on 29 July 1813
505:4th Regiment to be organised from the 6th (
439:2nd Regiment to be organised from the 2nd (
412:1st Regiment to be organised from the 1st (
1582:
1363:
1317:
1288:
1267:
1197:
1179:
1037:
978:
964:
956:
370:130 departments of the First French Empire
779:
1674:Regiments of Napoleon I's Imperial Guard
589:Mounted Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard
757:
755:
667:
395:Mounted Chasseurs of the Imperial Guard
18:
7:
816:
814:
793:
791:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
723:
721:
719:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
613:Campaign in north-east France (1814)
607:Cossacks attack a unit of the Guards
599:Campaign in north-east France (1814)
858:Napoleon's Guards of Honour 1813–14
562:The Guards of Honour served in the
247:was short of cavalry following his
170:"Garde Douleur", 'The Woeful Guard'
14:
260:In June 1812, Napoleon I led his
998:
987:
541:), and 32nd Military Divisions (
498:), and 31st Military Divisions (
467:), and 28th Military Divisions (
432:), and 30th Military Divisions (
336:A member of the Guards of Honour
74:
56:
32:
840:Uniforms of the Napoleonic Wars
698:"La garde d'honneur 1813–1814"
1:
764:"Autour des "Maries-Louises""
762:Largeaud, Jean-Marc (2012).
704:. French Ministry of Defence
585:RĂ©my Joseph Isidore Exelmans
1669:Cavalry regiments of France
16:Napoleonic era cavalry unit
1690:
389:The Guards of Honour wore
1629:Artillery Train Battalion
1593:Artillery Train Battalion
995:Napoleon's Imperial Guard
617:Battle of Château-Thierry
299:non-commissioned officers
249:failed invasion of Russia
31:
26:
904:Napoleon's Guard Cavalry
797:Pawley, pp. 22–24, 33–36
856:Pawley, Ronald (2002).
564:German campaign of 1813
550:German campaign of 1813
494:), 22nd (Tours), 29th (
277:and, upon reaching the
1567:Administration Workers
1343:Tirailleurs-Grenadiers
902:Bukhari, Emir (1978).
621:Battle of Reims (1814)
608:
559:
345:
340:The Guards of Honour (
337:
232:
1358:Flanquerers-Chasseurs
1353:Flanqueurs-Grenadiers
1348:Tirailleurs-Chasseurs
1333:Conscripts-Grenadiers
1041:Light Cavalry Lancers
929:Smith, Digby (2006).
875:Smith, Digby (2000).
781:10.3917/tele.042.0042
606:
557:
335:
268:and the onset of the
47:April 1813 – May 1814
1278:Fusiliers-Grenadiers
747:Napoleon's Regiments
654:". Bukhari states
443:), 3rd (Metz), 4th (
237:French Imperial Army
198:Battle of Strasbourg
81:French Imperial Army
1283:Fusiliers-Chasseurs
1017:Mounted Grenadiers
807:Battlefield plaque
727:Bukhari, pp. 17–19
609:
560:
403:Napoleon's empress
338:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1150:
1149:
1068:Mounted Chasseurs
1027:Lithuanian Tatars
997:(1798–1814; 1815)
940:978-0-7548-1571-6
820:Pawley, pp. 36–42
266:guerrilla warfare
218:
217:
188:Battle of Leipzig
1681:
1583:
1364:
1318:
1289:
1268:
1198:
1180:
1091:Guards of Honour
1058:3rd (Lithuanian)
1038:
1002:
992:
991:
980:
973:
966:
957:
952:
925:
898:
871:
843:
836:
830:
827:
821:
818:
809:
804:
798:
795:
786:
785:
783:
759:
750:
743:
728:
725:
714:
713:
711:
709:
694:
688:
685:
593:Legion of Honour
350:sénatus-consulte
346:Gardes d'honneur
319:
233:Gardes d'Honneur
225:Guards of Honour
79:
78:
62:
60:
59:
36:
27:Gardes d'Honneur
22:Guards of Honour
19:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1612:
1581:
1577:Horse Artillery
1572:Equipment Train
1544:
1453:
1362:
1338:Pupils Regiment
1308:
1287:
1258:
1227:
1196:
1171:
1146:
1118:
1085:
1062:
1036:
1003:
986:
984:
941:
928:
914:
901:
887:
874:
868:
855:
852:
847:
846:
837:
833:
828:
824:
819:
812:
805:
801:
796:
789:
761:
760:
753:
744:
731:
726:
717:
707:
705:
696:
695:
691:
687:Pawley, pp. 4–6
686:
669:
664:
644:
601:
569:Battle of Hanau
552:
364:and the 4th at
330:
313:
279:Duchy of Warsaw
258:
241:Napoleonic Wars
221:
214:
203:Battle of Reims
193:Battle of Hanau
183:Napoleonic Wars
168:
155:
150:
145:
133:
73:
57:
55:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1624:Foot Artillery
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:Foot Artillery
1595:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:National Guard
1324:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
985:
983:
982:
975:
968:
960:
954:
953:
939:
926:
913:978-0850452884
912:
899:
886:978-1853674136
885:
872:
866:
851:
848:
845:
844:
831:
822:
810:
799:
787:
751:
729:
715:
702:Armée de Terre
689:
666:
665:
663:
660:
643:
640:
636:Garde du Corps
600:
597:
551:
548:
547:
546:
503:
472:
437:
329:
326:
322:Imperial Guard
283:Peninsular War
270:Russian Winter
257:
254:
219:
216:
215:
213:
212:
211:
210:
208:Siege of Paris
205:
200:
195:
190:
179:
177:
173:
172:
167:"The Hostages"
165:
161:
160:
139:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
129:
122:Imperial Guard
118:
116:
112:
111:
110:Four regiments
108:
104:
103:
101:Reconnaissance
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
71:
67:
66:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1686:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:& Support
1559:
1555:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
993:Regiments of
990:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
961:
958:
950:
946:
942:
936:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
909:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
882:
878:
873:
869:
863:
859:
854:
853:
849:
841:
835:
832:
829:Pawley, p. 42
826:
823:
817:
815:
811:
808:
803:
800:
794:
792:
788:
782:
777:
774:(43): 42–60.
773:
769:
765:
758:
756:
752:
748:
742:
740:
738:
736:
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359:
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303:light cavalry
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91:Light Cavalry
89:
85:
82:
77:
72:
68:
65:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
30:
25:
20:
1271:Middle Guard
1090:
1048:1st (Polish)
930:
903:
876:
857:
839:
834:
825:
802:
771:
768:Le Télémaque
767:
746:
706:. Retrieved
701:
692:
655:
651:
647:
645:
625:
610:
578:
561:
407:
388:
382:
376:
374:
339:
307:
295:
262:Grande Armée
259:
224:
222:
169:
115:Part of
1617:Young Guard
1367:Tirailleurs
1321:Young Guard
1053:2nd (Dutch)
867:1-841764884
631:Louis XVIII
519:Montpellier
484:La Rochelle
314: [
239:during the
176:Engagements
164:Nickname(s)
138:Garrison/HQ
127:Young Guard
1648:Categories
1608:Pontoniers
1458:Voltigeurs
1201:Grenadiers
850:References
708:21 January
662:References
449:Strasbourg
354:Versailles
291:Portuguese
275:his empire
256:Background
252:treasury.
143:Versailles
1586:Old Guard
1558:Artillery
1232:Chasseurs
1184:Old Guard
1155:Gendarmes
1032:Mamelukes
922:635273251
537:), 27th (
529:), 23rd (
525:), 21st (
521:), 19th (
500:Groningen
492:PĂ©rigueux
490:), 20th (
486:), 13th (
482:), 12th (
478:), 11th (
463:), 26th (
459:), 25th (
455:), 18th (
453:Amsterdam
451:), 17th (
428:), 24th (
424:), 16th (
420:), 15th (
416:), 14th (
378:arriviste
328:Formation
243:in 1813.
1299:Florence
1192:Veterans
1176:Infantry
1167:Ordnance
1022:Dragoons
949:60320422
895:43787649
574:Bavarian
517:), 9th (
513:), 8th (
511:Grenoble
509:), 7th (
507:Besançon
496:Florence
480:Bordeaux
476:Toulouse
447:), 5th (
441:Mézières
430:Brussels
383:de facto
285:against
245:Napoleon
1603:Sailors
1292:VĂ©lites
1009:Cavalry
842:, p. 58
838:Smith,
749:, p. 34
745:Smith,
543:Hamburg
535:Corsica
527:Bourges
287:British
52:Country
1124:Scouts
947:
937:
920:
910:
893:
883:
864:
642:Status
531:Bastia
515:Toulon
488:Rennes
391:hussar
342:French
229:French
70:Branch
64:France
61:
44:Active
1304:Turin
1162:Elite
539:Turin
469:Genoa
465:Mainz
461:Wesel
457:Dijon
445:Nancy
426:Lille
422:Rouen
414:Paris
362:Tours
318:]
156:4th:
153:Tours
151:3rd:
146:2nd:
141:1st:
1540:16th
1535:15th
1530:14th
1525:13th
1520:12th
1515:11th
1510:10th
1449:16th
1444:15th
1439:14th
1434:13th
1429:12th
1424:11th
1419:10th
945:OCLC
935:ISBN
918:OCLC
908:ISBN
891:OCLC
881:ISBN
862:ISBN
710:2021
523:Lyon
434:Rome
418:Caen
366:Lyon
358:Metz
223:The
158:Lyon
148:Metz
107:Size
97:Role
87:Type
1505:9th
1500:8th
1495:7th
1490:6th
1485:5th
1480:4th
1475:3rd
1470:2nd
1465:1st
1414:9th
1409:8th
1404:7th
1399:6th
1394:5th
1389:4th
1384:3rd
1379:2nd
1374:1st
1254:4th
1249:3rd
1244:2nd
1239:1st
1223:4th
1218:3rd
1213:2nd
1208:1st
1142:3rd
1137:2nd
1132:1st
1114:4th
1109:3rd
1104:2nd
1099:1st
1081:2nd
1076:1st
776:doi
1650::
943:.
916:.
889:.
813:^
790:^
770:.
766:.
754:^
732:^
718:^
700:.
670:^
658:.
623:.
533:,
344::
316:fr
289:,
231::
979:e
972:t
965:v
951:.
924:.
897:.
870:.
784:.
778::
772:2
712:.
227:(
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