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27:
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on the night of 25-26 December, and led a decisive attack on
Fraubrunnen Abbey on the night of 26-27 December. Owain barely escaped, but another 800 knights were slain. These setbacks, the cold weather, and the obvious resolve of the Swiss populace, led to the retreat of the Guglers; their main army
189:
encouraged and financed de Coucy as he hoped to move these free companies off French lands. There is disagreement about the size of the army De Coucy put together, Tuchman estimates them to be a force of about 10,000 men, a contemporary
Alsatian document names 16,000, and other writings place the
44:(1485). The Guglers, recognizable by their hooded helmets, had entrenched themselves in the abbey. Bernese troops summoned to reinforce the local population defeated the Guglers and set fire to the abbey, which suffered great damage as a result.
149:
often rampaged and plundered the French countryside until they were again engaged and paid by French or
English overlords to do their bidding. De Coucy gathered a mercenary army of such knights to enforce his inheritance rights versus his
207:. After Enguerrand's arrival in November some dissension arose about the next course of action. The Alsace had been plundered, winter was approaching, and the knights were unwilling to cross the Rhine. Coucy then led the army south.
198:
The mercenary forces assembled in the Alsace and plundered the
Sundgau in October and November 1375. Forty villages were wrecked and people were killed or raped. Leopold was unable to defend the Alsace and retreated to
298:. The successful defense of their lands against foreign invaders helped the Swiss in strengthening their budding independence. They confirmed, after their previous successes at the battles of
451:
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on their route to Swiss independence. The engagements of the Gugler War showed that the epoch of the medieval knight was coming to a close. When questioned by the chronicler
257:
The local populace organized to strike back and, although outnumbered, were able inflict significant damage in a series of night attacks, first defeating the
Guglers at
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whose attempt to displace the
Guglers from St. Urban was thwarted. The pillage by the roaming Guglers affected the western part of the Aargau, where the towns of
282:
In
January 1376 the Guglers dissolved and returned to plunder the French countryside. Enguerrand compromised with Albert III in 1387 and received domain over
446:
398:
238:. Some local nobles left their castles and fled to join Leopold, leaving the countryside open to the Guglers. Others resisted, among them
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306:(1329), that well organized armies of common men could defeat knightly armour, a feat they would repeat a decade later at
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numbers much higher. As the army was plundering in groups it may not have presented a unified entity.
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valley and proceeded in three units. Enguerrand de Coucy led the main army that headquartered at
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subsequently formed a citizen army, killed several
Guglers with apparently only minor losses at
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The term Gugler is derived from the appearance of the knights dressed for winter, wearing
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many years later, Enguerrand de Coucy flatly denied he had been in
Switzerland at all.
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and
Enguerrand were not even involved in any pitched battle along the line of retreat.
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242:, who was killed as the last of the Nidau counts. Resistance was also given by
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416:"Wenger, Lukas: "Grünenberg zwischen Bern und Habsburg" (German)"
166:. According to a treaty they had belonged to his Habsburg mother
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which he lost after only one year to the citizen army of
452:Military units and formations of the Middle Ages
133:) being a Swiss German term for cowl or point.
349:. Alfred a. Knopf, NY, 1978. pp. 271–280.
234:, the commander of the third unit, stayed at
210:In December 1375 the Gugler army crossed the
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154:relatives. De Coucy's goal was to gain the
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226:led the second unit and was stationed at
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16:Mercenaries invading Switzerland in 1375
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174:, but were retained by her relatives
145:, unemployed knights and soldiers of
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399:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
14:
1:
254:were completely destroyed.
447:14th century in Switzerland
478:
244:Petermann I von Grünenberg
172:Leopold I, Duke of Austria
18:
286:and part of the town of
79:under the leadership of
56:) were a body of mostly
374: Beatrix Lang:
81:Enguerrand VII de Coucy
21:Gugler (disambiguation)
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106:
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45:
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29:
141:During lulls in the
19:For other uses, see
240:Rudolph IV of Nidau
220:Saint Urban's Abbey
341:Barbara W. Tuchman
162:and the county of
143:Hundred Years' War
107:
91:Origin of the term
46:
462:Conflicts in 1375
236:Fraubrunnen Abbey
36:Fraubrunnen Abbey
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418:. Archived from
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346:A Distant Mirror
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185:The French king
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263:Christmas night
228:Gottstatt Abbey
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41:Spiezer Chronik
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12:
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5:
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457:1375 in Europe
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396:in the online
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279:
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267:canton of Bern
224:Jean de Vienne
214:, entered the
212:Jura Mountains
195:
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170:, daughter of
147:free companies
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121:) helmets and
105:(c. 1375–1400)
99:The eponymous
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15:
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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125:-like hoods,
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77:Swiss plateau
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424:. Retrieved
420:the original
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302:(1315) and
180:Leopold III
83:during the
69:mercenaries
38:, from the
441:Categories
426:2008-06-03
318:References
259:Buttisholz
176:Albert III
137:Background
119:hundsgugel
102:hundsgugel
85:Gugler War
34:attack on
312:Froissart
300:Morgarten
296:Solothurn
278:Aftermath
187:Charles V
168:Catherine
111:hounskull
87:of 1375.
201:Breisach
164:Ferrette
160:Breisgau
152:Habsburg
75:and the
71:invaded
393:Italian
308:Sempach
203:on the
156:Sundgau
67:who as
65:knights
58:English
54:Güglers
50:Guglers
32:Bernese
387:French
381:German
376:Gugler
304:Laupen
265:. The
252:Altreu
248:Fridau
230:, and
194:Course
115:German
73:Alsace
62:French
52:(also
288:Nidau
284:Büren
205:Rhine
131:Gügle
127:Gugle
390:and
378:in
294:and
292:Bern
250:and
216:Aare
178:and
129:(or
123:cowl
60:and
48:The
30:The
271:Ins
261:on
443::
407:^
384:,
355:^
343:.
326:^
222:,
182:.
158:,
117::
429:.
402:.
113:(
23:.
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