749:
444:
693:
475:
4315:
483:
705:
463:
601:
3752:
409:
2892:
677:
1524:
2487:
657:
5979:
737:
2196:
5609:
4145:
2159:
1584:
274:
6331:
2738:
768:
629:
4372:
494:, warns the reader of doom if the words are altered, but there is a startling difference between the warnings of Sargon or his line and the warnings of Gudea. The one is length; Gudea's curse lasts nearly a quarter of the inscription's considerable length, and another is creativity. The gods will not merely reduce the offender's progeny to ash and destroy his foundations, no, they will, "let him sit down in the dust instead of on the seat they set up for him". He will be "slaughtered like a
3066:
6321:
1934:
147:
1559:
3337:
2144:
645:
5193:
600:
5084:
1767:
522:
291:
721:
52:
3406:
4400:
748:
5426:
2418:
421:
3514:
2331:
2154:
154:
3509:
3061:
2733:
2326:
2139:
3626:
2588:
1571:
692:
566:, Gudea mentions that "I will spread in the world respect for my Temple, under my name the whole universe will gather in it, and Magan and Meluhha will come down from their mountains to attend" (cylinder A, IX). In cylinder B, XIV, he mentions his procurement of "blocks of
317:). Gudea did not style himself "god of Lagash" as he was not deified during his own lifetime, this title must have been given to him posthumously as in accordance with Mesopotamian traditions for all rulers except Naram-Sin of Akkad and some of the Ur III kings.
443:
676:
4314:
656:
474:
482:
704:
1097:"J'étendrai sur le monde le respect de mon temple, sous mon nom l'univers depuis l'horizon s'y rassemblera, et Magan et Meluhha, sortant de leurs montagnes, y descendront" (cylindre A, IX)" in
1400:
736:
628:
2891:
505:
Lagash under Gudea had extensive commercial communications with distant realms. According to his own records, Gudea brought cedars from the Amanus and
Lebanon mountains in
462:
5608:
1523:
1393:
1080:
5978:
1583:
6334:
2486:
1185:
720:
1386:
2195:
6525:
432:
767:
3751:
6488:
6441:
6411:
1168:
1135:
980:
953:
827:
408:
4735:
2230:
2082:
1939:
622:. Inscription; "To the god Ningiszida, his god, Gudea, Ensi (governor) of Lagash, for the prolongation of his life, has dedicated this"
320:
The 20 years of his reign are all known by name; the main military exploit seems to have occurred in his Year 6, called the "Year when
5405:
3084:
1225:
1099:
1269:
854:
169:
4371:
5399:
146:
5472:
5019:
4943:
478:
Sacred basin, a gift from Gudea to the temple of
Ningirsu. From Girsu, Iraq. 2144-2122 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul
6324:
6304:
5586:
5493:
5478:
5316:
5186:
4987:
4686:
1755:
644:
6125:
5934:
5910:
5310:
4290:
4144:
470:
into the presence of a deity who is seated on a throne. From Girsu, Iraq. 2144-2124 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul
5547:
4586:
4385:
3932:
3926:
2173:
1529:
635:
586:
530:
2158:
6174:
6030:
5793:
5484:
5294:
4640:
4302:
4270:
4264:
2737:
2471:
1933:
486:
Diorite mortar, an offering from Gudea to Enlil. From Nippur, Iraq. 2144-2124 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul
6311:
5919:
5805:
5787:
5637:
5299:
5163:
4864:
4679:
3576:
6330:
6530:
6297:
5942:
5939:
5862:
5832:
5775:
5761:
5167:
4151:
3889:
3306:
3090:
273:
5957:
5885:
5859:
5835:
5829:
5814:
5726:
5662:
5627:
5571:
5520:
5093:
3570:
3351:
3096:
2404:
1862:
1191:
1766:
6120:
6110:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5850:
5841:
5784:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5749:
5740:
5668:
5665:
5656:
5556:
5535:
5149:
4923:
4855:
4765:
4509:
4503:
3984:
3439:
3298:
2863:
2847:
2644:
2184:
2143:
2118:
1761:
1534:
241:(2164–2144 BC) of Lagash, thus gaining entrance to the royal house of Lagash. He was succeeded by his son
6364:
6286:
6163:
5823:
5799:
5755:
5743:
5737:
5734:
5689:
5683:
5659:
5624:
5580:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5550:
5544:
5532:
5526:
5345:
5255:
5252:
5243:
5192:
4806:
2883:
754:
Mudbrick stamped with a cuneiform text mentioning the name of Gudea, ruler of Lagash. From Girsu, Iraq,
607:
2976:
2852:
5731:
5680:
5589:
5583:
5553:
5155:
5108:
5096:
4920:
4861:
4485:
4379:
4202:
3729:
2877:
2398:
1815:
1154:
544:
383:
3269:
6236:
6091:
5796:
5746:
5671:
5621:
5574:
5559:
5538:
5237:
5223:
5111:
5044:
4867:
4758:
4700:
4464:
4137:
3977:
3696:
3501:
3318:
3131:
2707:
2447:
1658:
3065:
261:. Under Gudea, Lagash had a golden age, and seemed to enjoy a high level of independence from the
6462:
6276:
6153:
5714:
5653:
5647:
5175:
5139:
5052:
5033:
4929:
4926:
4879:
4845:
4842:
4797:
4488:
4473:
4458:
4134:
4131:
4122:
3881:
3647:
3368:
3279:
3056:
2968:
2784:
2683:
2625:
2621:
2057:
1910:
1827:
1630:
1337:
The true face of Gudea. A realistic statue of Gudea shows us how he may have looked in real life.
1021:
6320:
4932:
3864:
2925:
2921:
2629:
1558:
3372:
3179:
2750:
2713:
2679:
2254:
2250:
6484:
6437:
6431:
6407:
5700:
5674:
5650:
5632:
5432:
5353:
5261:
5130:
5102:
4917:
4885:
4876:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4800:
4788:
4703:
4624:
4476:
4470:
4437:
4431:
4002:
3875:
3739:
3561:
3287:
2886:
2880:
2688:
2656:
2537:
2381:
2246:
2242:
2201:
1410:
1265:
1255:
1164:
1131:
1013:
976:
970:
949:
850:
823:
311:
230:
185:
120:
6480:
Israel and the
Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
6401:
3265:
3261:
3175:
2972:
1729:
1259:
1125:
943:
844:
817:
6478:
6360:
6272:
6218:
6149:
6136:
6115:
6080:
5929:
5717:
5686:
5541:
5517:
5285:
5282:
5276:
5231:
5124:
5105:
5099:
5055:
5038:
4882:
4873:
4870:
4794:
4791:
4629:
4514:
4101:
3376:
3191:
3125:
3113:
2806:
2633:
2353:
1643:
1158:
1005:
891:
727:
611:
403:
226:
3336:
6281:
6267:
6242:
6195:
6158:
6144:
5968:
5817:
5770:
5677:
5642:
5514:
5509:
5437:
5411:
5267:
5142:
5136:
5121:
5114:
5083:
5068:
5058:
4891:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4773:
4721:
4557:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4455:
4440:
4419:
4338:
4242:
4239:
4213:
4128:
4107:
4095:
4062:
4056:
4026:
3948:
3758:
3110:
3019:
3013:
3003:
2779:
2533:
2513:
1893:
1871:
1638:
1363:
1229:
1103:
711:
563:
510:
321:
279:
3868:
2793:
509:, diorite from eastern Arabia, copper and gold from central and southern Arabia and from
686:, his master, Gudea, ruler of Lagash, built his house." Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin
294:
Cylinder seal of Gudea. It reads "Gudea, Ensi of Lagash; Lugal-me, scribe, thy servant".
6179:
5723:
5616:
5505:
5458:
5419:
5362:
5264:
5200:
5118:
5077:
5071:
5061:
5049:
4833:
4821:
4809:
4729:
4618:
4572:
4482:
4452:
4416:
4280:
4125:
4104:
4098:
4089:
4041:
4011:
3993:
3968:
3956:
3725:
3596:
3447:
3309:
3303:
3206:
3198:
3134:
3107:
3071:
2904:
2671:
2668:
2569:
1977:
1742:
1648:
1625:
1517:
1280:
578:
556:
290:
250:
3405:
466:
Votive stele of Gudea, ruler of Lagash, to the temple of
Ningirsu: Gudea being led by
51:
6519:
6474:
6397:
6254:
6186:
6066:
5711:
5708:
5461:
5455:
5415:
5371:
5279:
5240:
5074:
5013:
4914:
4911:
4839:
4824:
4785:
4782:
4725:
4664:
4546:
4252:
4245:
4222:
4116:
4110:
4074:
3996:
3952:
3909:
3701:
3599:
3593:
3551:
3450:
3253:
3215:
2988:
2874:
2788:
2598:
2549:
2304:
2288:
1981:
1907:
1868:
1842:
1836:
1797:
1738:
1709:
1434:
1213:
The Royal inscriptions of
Mesopotamia, Early periods, vol. 3/1, Gudea and His Dynasty
908:
60:
3327:
882:
Brisch, Nicole (2013). "Of Gods and Kings: Divine
Kingship in Ancient Mesopotamia".
521:
6427:
6224:
6102:
6036:
5954:
5945:
5876:
5802:
5705:
5449:
5350:
5273:
5127:
4963:
4888:
4848:
4779:
4776:
4770:
4709:
4661:
4649:
4563:
4540:
4533:
4449:
4443:
4413:
4399:
4225:
4197:
4179:
4170:
4119:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3805:
3775:
3581:
3493:
3390:
3275:
3104:
2829:
2764:
2754:
2665:
2616:
2501:
2481:
2477:
2262:
2126:
1986:
1966:
1919:
1878:
1665:
1620:
1469:
1454:
567:
1378:
928:
Puzur-Inˇsuˇsinak at Susa: A Pivotal
Episode of Early Elamite History Reconsidered
996:
Thapar, Romila (1975). "A Possible
Identification of Meluḫḫa, Dilmun and Makan".
6239:
6230:
6085:
6039:
6024:
6015:
6009:
5951:
5853:
5811:
5781:
5778:
5720:
5577:
5529:
5440:
5359:
5356:
5339:
5249:
5064:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4976:
4966:
4954:
4803:
4744:
4697:
4673:
4667:
4658:
4652:
4597:
4560:
4543:
4527:
4461:
4446:
4434:
4422:
4393:
4360:
4357:
4219:
4194:
4191:
4185:
4092:
4053:
4050:
4038:
4023:
4020:
4008:
3915:
3903:
3894:
3843:
3837:
3787:
3784:
3772:
3769:
3705:
3682:
3665:
3651:
3642:
3412:
3341:
3331:
3183:
3168:
3162:
3146:
3143:
3046:
3025:
2935:
2898:
2821:
2662:
2452:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2335:
2321:
2284:
2134:
2043:
1958:
1928:
1914:
1683:
1669:
1614:
1549:
1479:
1449:
1370:
774:
619:
543:
etc... In another inscription, he mentioned his victory over the territories of
467:
413:
258:
254:
242:
215:
125:
101:
342:
Materials for his buildings and statues were brought from all parts of western
17:
6248:
6245:
6227:
6204:
6189:
6183:
6063:
6060:
6018:
6006:
6000:
5985:
5856:
5847:
5844:
5838:
5820:
5790:
5598:
5523:
5464:
5425:
5330:
5270:
5133:
5027:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4980:
4972:
4960:
4948:
4694:
4670:
4655:
4591:
4553:
4530:
4524:
4428:
4167:
3999:
3897:
3856:
3846:
3840:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3763:
3733:
3679:
3676:
3489:
3468:
3444:
3420:
3249:
3140:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3038:
2929:
2815:
2770:
2758:
2602:
2440:
2436:
2385:
2206:
2114:
2040:
2036:
1780:
1653:
1603:
1597:
797:
683:
332:
6382:
1017:
6257:
6200:
6057:
6027:
6021:
6012:
5997:
5991:
5973:
5948:
5826:
5808:
5595:
5592:
5452:
5379:
5365:
5336:
5324:
5246:
5217:
4957:
4951:
4716:
4646:
4603:
4600:
4549:
4332:
4249:
4235:
4232:
4188:
4182:
4164:
4086:
4077:
4047:
4044:
4035:
4017:
4014:
3852:
3849:
3713:
3709:
3685:
3633:
3620:
3590:
3485:
3481:
3359:
3219:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2916:
2833:
2810:
2774:
2659:
2582:
2505:
2464:
2417:
2361:
2345:
2317:
2280:
2149:
2107:
1924:
1803:
1689:
1336:
571:
540:
3513:
2497:
420:
1127:
Ancient
Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence
972:
Ancient
Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence
6207:
6033:
5994:
5988:
5865:
5446:
5443:
5388:
5385:
5327:
5258:
5208:
5171:
5024:
4566:
4425:
4407:
4390:
4328:
4255:
4229:
4176:
4158:
4068:
3943:
3834:
3825:
3813:
3781:
3745:
3721:
3671:
3639:
3615:
3587:
3557:
3545:
3538:
3524:
3518:
3453:
3363:
3345:
3257:
3235:
3231:
3116:
3042:
2871:
2825:
2802:
2797:
2728:
2723:
2692:
2509:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2300:
2221:
2066:
1898:
1888:
1883:
1874:
1810:
1793:
1564:
1511:
1321:
H. Steible, "Versuch einer Chronologie der Statuen des Gudea von Lagas".
663:
615:
234:
3508:
3060:
2732:
2330:
2325:
2153:
2138:
6260:
6088:
6069:
6054:
6048:
6042:
5376:
5321:
5214:
5211:
5159:
5010:
4752:
4691:
4612:
4606:
4347:
4341:
4113:
4083:
3938:
3828:
3793:
3584:
3527:
3428:
3397:
3101:
2650:
2593:
2522:
2409:
2274:
2209:
2016:
2013:
1998:
1994:
1806:
1800:
1784:
1662:
1352:
1025:
895:
548:
536:
499:
491:
379:
355:
262:
238:
206:
132:
91:
56:
3625:
2587:
6051:
6045:
6003:
5914:
5382:
5333:
4706:
4609:
4594:
4578:
4323:
4308:
4173:
4080:
4071:
4005:
3962:
3831:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3717:
3689:
3630:
3521:
3416:
3243:
3122:
3034:
3022:
2653:
2610:
2575:
2556:
2528:
2425:
2357:
2295:
2238:
2190:
2099:
2070:
2026:
2023:
1973:
1903:
1821:
1774:
1724:
1699:
1694:
1673:
1490:
1464:
1439:
742:
Foundation nail for the temple of Ningirsu in Lagash. Reign of Gudea.
391:
387:
371:
363:
359:
351:
347:
336:
282:
211:
174:
160:
59:
statue of Gudea, prince of Lagash, dedicated to the god Ningishzida,
42:
1570:
1009:
926:
233:). He probably did not come from the city, but had married Ninalla,
1279:
Black, J.A.; Cunningham, G.; Dahl, Jacob L.; Fluckiger-Hawker, E.;
525:
Location of foreign lands for the Mesopotamians, including Meluhha.
6436:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
6251:
6233:
4748:
4354:
4335:
3312:
3283:
3210:
2942:
2606:
2493:
2412:
2340:
2217:
2213:
2095:
2033:
2029:
1990:
1777:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1677:
1459:
667:
520:
506:
481:
473:
461:
455:
442:
419:
407:
375:
305:
289:
272:
246:
5205:
4969:
4896:
4740:
4496:
3607:
3462:
3384:
3225:
3153:
2982:
2868:
2699:
2674:
2562:
2543:
2312:
2270:
2225:
2165:
2103:
2050:
2019:
1948:
1848:
1790:
1787:
1734:
1578:
1540:
1500:
1484:
1474:
1444:
1284:
945:
Luxury and Legitimation: Royal Collecting in Ancient Mesopotamia
799:
Supplément au Dictionnaire de la Bible: TELL HARIRI/MARI: TEXTES
585:
in the records of Gudea. At the time, Sumerians had established
552:
513:, while his armies were engaged in battles in Elam on the east.
495:
367:
343:
328:
4908:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
1382:
331:
and Anshan, most of his inscriptions emphasize the building of
3202:
447:
Foundation figurines of gods in copper alloy, reign of Gudea,
5977:
5607:
5424:
5191:
5082:
4398:
4370:
4313:
4143:
3750:
3404:
1765:
2839:
1495:
912:
490:
The inscription on a statue of Gudea as architect of the
6371:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
998:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
819:
Ancient Egypt and the Near East: An Illustrated History
6350:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
189:
3871:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
1300:
F. Johansen, "Statues of Gudea, ancient and modern".
670:'s mighty warrior, his Master, Gudea, ensi of Lagash"
2939:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
849:. Рипол Классик. pp. 23–24 Note 13, Seal N.38.
1285:"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature"
634:
Head of Gudea in polished diorite, reign of Gudea (
131:
119:
111:
107:
97:
87:
73:
68:
32:
2742:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
339:, and the creation of precious gifts to the gods.
698:Foundation nail of Gudea, Cleveland Museum of Art
286:, "Gudea, Governor of Lagash", in an inscription.
1309:Tello, vingt campagnes des fouilles (1877-1933)
424:Sculpture of the head of Sumerian ruler Gudea,
1323:Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
303:
302:(town-king or governor), not the more exalted
1394:
606:The "Libation vase of Gudea" with the dragon
8:
6385:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
3863:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
2456:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
610:, dedicated to Ningishzida (21st century BC
370:and precious stones from the desert between
5612:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
245:. Gudea ruled at a time when the center of
1401:
1387:
1379:
1341:
726:Name and title "Gudea, ensi of Lagash" on
29:
6312:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
2908:"King of the four quarters of the world"
1163:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 2.
1160:Goa Through the Ages: An economic history
535:In an inscription, Gudea referred to the
327:Although Gudea claimed to have conquered
6483:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
1424:
1420:
1190:. L. Heuzey. p. 229. Archived from
816:Corporation, Marshall Cavendish (2010).
618:(right) is interpreted as depicting god
6343:
6328:
1149:
1147:
1075:
1073:
1071:
788:
596:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6193:
5423:
5221:
3001:
2992:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
2896:
1820:
1314:N.K. Sandars, "Introduction" page 16,
1062:
1050:
1038:
869:
822:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 54–56.
6318:
6285:
6280:
6271:
6223:
6162:
6157:
6148:
6143:
6134:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6100:
5966:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5918:
5909:
5899:
5894:
5883:
5874:
5768:
5503:
5410:
5308:
5298:
5184:
5032:
4941:
4763:
4756:
4714:
4638:
4616:
4584:
4570:
4539:
4523:
4397:
4369:
4345:
4300:
4261:
4206:
4142:
3975:
3960:
3937:
3924:
3887:
3737:
3694:
3568:
3544:
3536:
3499:
3437:
3426:
3396:
3380:
3349:
3316:
3296:
3274:
3241:
3150:
3082:
3070:
3029:
2941:
2933:
2861:
2642:
2396:
2389:
2351:
2278:
2260:
2229:
2182:
2148:
2133:
2125:
2112:
2093:
2081:
2064:
2048:
2011:
1964:
1938:
1860:
1825:
1753:
1577:
1546:
1539:
1528:
1509:
539:who came to Sumer to sell gold dust,
7:
913:Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
1124:Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999).
969:Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999).
6406:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
6325:Chronology of the Neolithic period
5406:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
1081:"MS 2814 - The Schoyen Collection"
846:The seal cylinders of western Asia
761:. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin
25:
5982:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
4318:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
2129:("made the land of Elam submit")
942:Thomason, Allison Karmel (2017).
454:, from the temple of Ningirsu at
6403:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
6329:
6319:
3624:
3512:
3507:
3335:
3064:
3059:
2890:
2736:
2731:
2586:
2485:
2416:
2329:
2324:
2194:
2157:
2152:
2142:
2137:
1932:
1582:
1569:
1557:
1522:
766:
747:
735:
719:
703:
691:
675:
655:
643:
627:
599:
354:mountains, quarried stones from
152:
145:
50:
5400:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
1264:. University of Toronto Press.
662:Gudea dedication tablet to God
6526:22nd-century BC Sumerian kings
6335:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
5473:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
5020:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
4944:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
3506:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
1296:. University of Toronto Press.
650:Lion macehead of Gudea, Girsu.
433:National Archaeological Museum
153:
1:
6305:Muslim conquest of the Levant
5551:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
5494:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
5479:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
5317:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
5187:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
4988:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
4687:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
755:
581:in India possibly appears as
577:The first known reference to
448:
425:
219:
77:
4854:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
1588:(Uruk influence or control)
975:. Eisenbrauns. p. 245.
5548:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
4587:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4386:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
3933:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
3927:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
3187:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
2174:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
1575:(Anonymous "King-priests")
1530:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
1294:Sargonic and Gutian Periods
1292:Frayne, Douglas R. (1993).
1215:, Toronto, 1997, p. 117-118
1130:. Eisenbrauns. p. 87.
531:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
324:was smitten with weapons".
6547:
6340:
6175:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
5602:
5485:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
5369:
5343:
5295:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
4641:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
4406:Third Babylonian dynasty (
4303:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4265:Second Intermediate Period
3075:(vassal of the Akkadians)
2463:
1608:Early or legendary kings:
636:Boston Museum of Fine Arts
528:
401:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6266:
6216:
6213:
6172:
6131:
6097:
6078:
5920:Parthamaspates of Parthia
5906:
5871:
5730:
5698:
5491:
5470:
5397:
5394:
5300:Assyrian conquest of Elam
5293:
5181:
5147:
5081:
5042:
4906:
4895:
4852:
4680:Third Intermediate Period
4495:
4366:
4210:Second Babylonian dynasty
4155:("Old Babylonian Period")
3921:
3873:
3637:
3605:
3577:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
3549:
3533:
3480:
3477:
3460:
3382:
3367:
3326:
3293:
3239:
3223:
3197:
3189:
3160:
3085:First Intermediate Period
3079:
3055:
3011:
2996:
2980:
2955:
2946:
2920:
2915:
2727:
2706:
2687:
2678:
2639:
2614:
2597:
2573:
2560:
2555:
2541:
2526:
2517:
2469:
2445:
2370:
2310:
2293:
2258:
2237:
2231:Early Dynastic Period III
2179:
2163:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2005:
1956:
1946:
1857:
1834:
1750:
1681:
1612:
1595:
1592:
1533:
1506:
1433:
1417:
1367:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1085:www.schoyencollection.com
948:. Routledge. p. 87.
587:trade contacts with India
458:(British Museum, London).
298:Gudea chose the title of
49:
39:
6298:Muslim conquest of Egypt
5762:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
5593:Cleopatra VII Philopator
5090:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
4152:First Babylonian dynasty
3890:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
3394:(vassal of the Gutians)
3091:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
2083:Early Dynastic Period II
6383:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
6126:Province of Mesopotamia
5935:Province of Mesopotamia
5911:Province of Mesopotamia
5886:Roman conquest of Egypt
5727:Antigonus II Mattathias
5521:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
5094:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
3571:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
3097:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
2405:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
1940:Early Dynastic Period I
1863:Second Dynasty of Egypt
1287:. University of Oxford.
517:International relations
304:
5983:
5765:Philip II Philoromaeus
5759:Antiochus XII Dionysus
5753:Demetrius III Eucaerus
5750:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
5741:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
5613:
5581:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
5536:Arsinoe III Philopator
5429:
5197:
5087:
4924:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
4856:Second Dynasty of Isin
4403:
4376:
4319:
4148:
4031:(Non-dynastic usurpers
3755:
3440:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
3409:
3299:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
2864:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
2645:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
2472:Second kingdom of Mari
2185:Third Dynasty of Egypt
2119:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
1771:
1762:First Dynasty of Egypt
1283:; Zólyomi, G. (1998).
1187:Découvertes en Chaldée
773:Seal of Gudea, led by
526:
487:
479:
471:
459:
435:
417:
295:
287:
257:ruled to the north in
6369:The Ancient Near East
6287:Byzantine Mesopotamia
6201:Province of Asoristan
6164:Byzantine Mesopotamia
5981:
5974:Province of Asoristan
5756:Philip I Philadelphus
5744:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
5738:Antiochus VIII Grypus
5735:Seleucus V Philometor
5690:Antiochus VII Sidetes
5684:Antiochus VI Dionysus
5611:
5584:Berenice IV Epiphanea
5545:Ptolemy VI Philometor
5533:Ptolemy IV Philopator
5530:Berenice II Euergetis
5527:Ptolemy III Euergetes
5428:
5346:Neo-Babylonian Empire
5256:Marduk-apla-iddina II
5253:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
5244:Marduk-apla-iddina II
5195:
5150:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
5086:
4807:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
4497:Middle Elamite period
4402:
4374:
4317:
4147:
3754:
3408:
3163:Third kingdom of Mari
2884:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1959:First kingdom of Mari
1769:
1756:Early Dynastic Period
1598:Proto-Dynastic period
1316:The Epic of Gilgamesh
1261:Gudea and His Dynasty
1155:Souza, Teotonio R. De
796:Durand, M.L. (2008).
524:
502:by his fierce horn".
485:
477:
465:
446:
423:
411:
293:
276:
5732:Alexander II Zabinas
5596:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
5572:Ptolemy XI Alexander
5554:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
5109:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
5097:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
4921:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
4862:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
4486:Marduk-apla-iddina I
4380:New Kingdom of Egypt
4203:Early Kassite rulers
3497:(Vassals of Ur III)
3478:(Vassals of UR III)
2878:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2848:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
2399:Old Kingdom of Egypt
925:Steinkeller, Piotr.
909:Year-names for Gudea
843:Ward, W. H. (1910).
170:class=notpageimage|
6237:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
5747:Antiochus X Eusebes
5575:Ptolemy XII Auletes
5566:Ptolemy X Alexander
5560:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
5539:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
5224:Neo-Assyrian Empire
5112:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
5045:Neo-Assyrian Empire
4868:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
4759:Syro-Hittite states
4465:Shagarakti-Shuriash
4138:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
3132:Neferkare Pepiseneb
3031:Akkadian Governors:
1535:Pre-Dynastic period
1325:126 (1994), 81–104.
1184:de Sarzec, Ernest.
682:Gudea tablet: "For
593:Important artifacts
229:) or 2144–2124 BC (
6463:Sumerian King List
6277:Palaestina Secunda
6154:Palaestina Secunda
5984:
5715:Alexander Jannaeus
5614:
5604:Hellenistic Period
5430:
5198:
5176:Humban-haltash III
5140:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
5088:
5053:Tukulti-Ninurta II
5034:Kingdom of Samaria
4930:Mar-biti-apla-usur
4927:Shirikti-shuqamuna
4897:Neo-Elamite period
4880:Marduk-shapik-zeri
4865:Itti-Marduk-balatu
4846:Tiglath-Pileser II
4843:Ashur-resh-ishi II
4798:Enlil-kudurri-usur
4489:Zababa-shuma-iddin
4474:Kadashman-Harbe II
4459:Kadashman-Enlil II
4404:
4377:
4320:
4149:
4135:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
4132:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
4123:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
3882:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
3756:
3410:
2785:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
2166:Old Elamite period
2058:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
1911:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
1828:Jemdet Nasr period
1772:
1256:Edzard, Dietz-Otto
896:10.1111/rec3.12031
527:
488:
480:
472:
460:
436:
418:
296:
288:
210:) of the state of
6513:
6512:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6490:978-1-62564-606-4
6475:Unger, Merrill F.
6443:978-0-14-193825-7
6413:978-1-60606-649-2
6180:Province of Egypt
6111:Province of Egypt
5891:Province of Egypt
5633:Antigonid dynasty
5433:Achaemenid Empire
5354:Nebuchadnezzar II
5262:Ashur-nadin-shumi
5131:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
5103:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
4918:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
4886:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
4877:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
4819:Asharid-apal-Ekur
4816:Tiglath-Pileser I
4813:Ashur-resh-ishi I
4801:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
4789:Tukulti-Ninurta I
4736:Kingdom of Israel
4704:Osorkon the Elder
4625:Shutrukid dynasty
4510:Igehalkid dynasty
4477:Adad-shuma-iddina
4471:Enlil-nadin-shumi
4438:Kadashman-Enlil I
4432:Kadashman-harbe I
3876:Sukkalmah dynasty
3740:Isin-Larsa period
3562:Shimashki Dynasty
3288:Puzur-Inshushinak
2887:Netjerkare Siptah
2657:Neferirkare Kakai
2202:Egyptian pyramids
1411:Ancient Near East
1377:
1376:
1368:Succeeded by
1170:978-81-7022-259-0
1137:978-1-57506-042-2
1053:, pp. 36–38.
1041:, pp. 31–38.
982:978-1-57506-042-2
955:978-1-351-92113-8
829:978-0-7614-7934-5
728:Statue A of Gudea
666:: "For Ningirsu,
498:… seized like an
492:House of Ningirsu
412:Statue of Gudea,
249:was ruled by the
231:middle chronology
173:Gudea ruled from
141:
140:
16:(Redirected from
6538:
6495:
6494:
6471:
6465:
6459:
6448:
6447:
6424:
6418:
6417:
6396:Thomas, Ariane;
6393:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6357:
6351:
6348:
6333:
6323:
6273:Palaestina Prima
6219:Byzantine Empire
6150:Palaestina Prima
6137:Byzantine Empire
6116:Syria Palaestina
6081:Palmyrene Empire
6067:Bahram VI Chobin
5930:Syria Palaestina
5718:Salome Alexandra
5701:Kingdom of Judea
5687:Diodotus Tryphon
5542:Cleopatra I Syra
5518:Ptolemy Keraunos
5286:Ashur-uballit II
5283:Sin-shumu-lishir
5277:Ashur-etil-ilani
5232:Sargonid dynasty
5125:Marduk-apla-usur
5106:Nabu-apla-iddina
5100:Shamash-mudammiq
5056:Ashurnasirpal II
5039:Kingdom of Judah
4883:Adad-apla-iddina
4874:Enlil-nadin-apli
4871:Nebuchadnezzar I
4795:Ashur-nirari III
4792:Ashur-nadin-apli
4630:Shutruk-Nakhunte
4515:Untash-Napirisha
4504:Kidinuid dynasty
4102:Shamshi-Adad III
3810:Dynasty of Larsa
3628:
3516:
3511:
3339:
3192:Shar-Kali-Sharri
3126:Neferkare Tereru
3114:Neferkare Khendu
3068:
3063:
2894:
2853:Kiku-siwe-tempti
2740:
2735:
2590:
2519:Kish III dynasty
2489:
2420:
2333:
2328:
2233:(2600–2340 BCE)
2198:
2161:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2085:(2700–2600 BCE)
1942:(2900–2700 BCE)
1936:
1853:(3100–2700 BCE)
1832:(3100–2900 BCE)
1586:
1573:
1561:
1537:(4000–2900 BCE)
1526:
1425:
1421:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1350:Preceded by
1342:
1318:, Penguin, 1972.
1297:
1288:
1275:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1228:. Archived from
1222:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1102:. Archived from
1095:
1089:
1088:
1077:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1029:
993:
987:
986:
966:
960:
959:
939:
933:
932:
922:
916:
906:
900:
899:
884:Religion Compass
879:
873:
867:
861:
860:
840:
834:
833:
813:
807:
806:
804:
793:
770:
760:
757:
751:
739:
723:
707:
695:
679:
659:
647:
631:
612:short chronology
603:
453:
450:
430:
427:
404:Statues of Gudea
398:Statues of Gudea
309:
227:short chronology
224:
221:
191:
156:
155:
149:
82:
79:
54:
30:
21:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6531:Kings of Lagash
6516:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6508:
6499:
6498:
6491:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6460:
6451:
6444:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6414:
6395:
6394:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6349:
6345:
6282:Byzantine Syria
6268:Byzantine Egypt
6243:Farrukh Hormizd
6203:
6199:
6196:Sasanian Empire
6182:
6178:
6159:Byzantine Syria
6145:Byzantine Egypt
6084:
5976:
5972:
5969:Sasanian Empire
5889:
5794:Mithridates III
5774:
5771:Parthian Empire
5704:
5643:Seleucid Empire
5640:
5630:
5606:
5515:Ptolemy I Soter
5513:
5510:Ptolemaic Egypt
5482:
5476:
5436:
5418:
5414:
5412:Kings of Byblos
5403:
5375:
5349:
5320:
5314:
5288:
5268:Mushezib-Marduk
5238:Tiglath-Pileser
5236:
5227:
5204:
5190:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5153:
5145:
5143:Nabu-mukin-zeri
5137:Nabu-nadin-zeri
5122:Marduk-bel-zeri
5115:Baba-aha-iddina
5092:
5069:Adad-nirari III
5059:Shalmaneser III
5048:
5037:
5036:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:Menkheperre Ini
4991:
4984:
4983:
4947:
4933:Nabû-mukin-apli
4910:
4899:(1100–540 BCE)
4892:Nabu-shum-libur
4860:
4837:Ashur-nirari IV
4831:Ashurnasirpal I
4828:Shamshi-Adad IV
4774:Ashur-uballit I
4769:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4722:Kings of Byblos
4720:
4690:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4645:
4644:
4628:
4622:
4590:
4577:
4576:
4558:Neferneferuaten
4518:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4500:(1500–1100 BCE)
4492:Enlil-nadin-ahi
4480:Adad-shuma-usur
4468:Kashtiliashu IV
4456:Kadashman-Turgu
4441:Burnaburiash II
4420:Kashtiliash III
4412:
4389:
4383:
4353:
4352:(1600–1260 BCE)
4351:
4321:
4312:
4306:
4294:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4248:
4243:Peshgaldaramesh
4238:
4228:
4218:
4214:Sealand Dynasty
4211:
4208:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4163:
4156:
4154:
4129:Ashur-nirari II
4108:Puzur-Ashur III
4096:Shamshi-Adad II
4067:
4065:
4063:Adaside dynasty
4060:
4059:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4029:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3981:
3972:
3966:
3955:
3951:
3949:Kings of Byblos
3947:
3941:
3930:
3893:
3880:
3879:
3861:Uruk VI dynasty
3859:
3808:
3759:Dynasty of Isin
3749:
3743:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3675:
3669:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3580:
3574:
3556:
3517:
3505:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3467:
3457:
3443:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3400:
3393:
3389:
3375:
3371:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3321:(2150–2000 BCE)
3302:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3234:
3230:
3218:
3214:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3111:Djedkare Shemai
3100:
3094:
3088:
3074:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3020:Sargon of Akkad
3018:
3017:
3014:Akkadian Empire
3006:(2340–2150 BCE)
3004:Akkadian Period
2991:
2987:
2975:
2971:
2950:
2938:
2928:
2924:
2907:
2903:
2889:
2867:
2846:
2844:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2773:
2769:
2757:
2753:
2741:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2691:
2682:
2649:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2568:
2567:
2551:
2548:
2536:
2532:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2467:(2500-539 BCE)
2455:
2451:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2402:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2344:
2338:
2334:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2172:
2171:
2170:(2700–1500 BCE)
2169:
2117:
2106:
2069:("conqueror of
2055:
2039:
2032:
2022:
2008:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1954:
1951:
1931:
1867:
1866:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1831:
1773:
1759:
1746:
1687:
1618:
1607:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1554:(4000–3100 BCE)
1553:
1547:
1521:
1515:
1487:
1468:
1458:
1431:
1429:
1413:
1407:
1373:
1364:22nd century BC
1361:
1359:King of Lagash
1355:
1333:
1328:
1311:. (Paris 1948).
1291:
1278:
1272:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1226:"Louvre Museum"
1224:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1100:"Louvre Museum"
1098:
1096:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1010:10.2307/3632219
995:
994:
990:
983:
968:
967:
963:
956:
941:
940:
936:
924:
923:
919:
907:
903:
881:
880:
876:
868:
864:
857:
842:
841:
837:
830:
815:
814:
810:
802:
795:
794:
790:
785:
778:
771:
762:
759: 2115 BCE
758:
752:
743:
740:
731:
724:
715:
712:Gudea cylinders
708:
699:
696:
687:
680:
671:
660:
651:
648:
639:
632:
623:
604:
595:
574:from Meluhha."
564:Gudea cylinders
533:
519:
452: 2150 BCE
451:
441:
428:
406:
400:
271:
222:
204:) was a ruler (
201:
197:
179:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
164:
163:
157:
137:Kings of Lagash
80:
69:Ruler of Lagash
64:
34:
28:
27:Ruler of Lagash
23:
22:
18:Gudea of Lagash
15:
12:
11:
5:
6544:
6542:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6518:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6489:
6466:
6449:
6442:
6419:
6412:
6398:Potts, Timothy
6388:
6374:
6352:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6327:
6316:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6222:
6215:
6211:
6210:
6192:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6077:
6073:
6072:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5872:30 BCE–116 CE
5869:
5868:
5806:Mithridates IV
5788:Mithridates II
5767:
5729:
5724:Aristobulus II
5697:
5693:
5692:
5617:Argead dynasty
5601:
5506:Argead dynasty
5502:
5498:
5497:
5489:
5488:
5468:
5467:
5459:Artaxerxes III
5422:
5420:Kings of Sidon
5409:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5368:
5363:Labashi-Marduk
5342:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5265:Nergal-ushezib
5220:
5201:Black Pharaohs
5183:
5179:
5178:
5146:
5119:Ninurta-apla-X
5080:
5078:Ashur-nirari V
5072:Shalmaneser IV
5062:Shamshi-Adad V
5050:Adad-nirari II
5041:
5031:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4894:
4851:
4834:Shalmaneser II
4822:Ashur-bel-kala
4810:Mutakkil-Nusku
4766:Middle Assyria
4762:
4755:
4730:Kings of Sidon
4713:
4637:
4636:1155–1025 BCE
4633:
4632:
4619:Elamite Empire
4615:
4582:
4581:
4573:Hittite Empire
4569:
4537:
4536:
4521:
4520:
4494:
4483:Meli-Shipak II
4453:Nazi-Maruttash
4417:Burnaburiash I
4396:
4368:
4367:1531–1155 BCE
4364:
4363:
4344:
4299:
4259:
4258:
4205:
4141:
4126:Enlil-Nasir II
4105:Ashur-nirari I
4099:Ishme-Dagan II
4090:Sharma-Adad II
4042:Ashur-apla-idi
4033:1735–1701 BCE)
4012:Ashur-apla-idi
3994:Shamshi-Adad I
3989:1808–1736 BCE)
3974:
3969:Yamhad dynasty
3959:
3957:Kings of Sidon
3936:
3923:
3922:1800–1595 BCE
3919:
3918:
3885:
3884:
3872:
3736:
3726:Puzur-Ashur II
3693:
3636:
3603:
3602:
3597:Mentuhotep III
3566:
3565:
3548:
3543:
3535:
3534:2025-1763 BCE
3531:
3530:
3502:Ur III dynasty
3498:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3459:
3448:Neferkare VIII
3436:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3423:
3395:
3381:
3379:
3366:
3352:Gutian dynasty
3348:
3324:
3323:
3315:
3310:Nebkaure Khety
3304:Meryibre Khety
3295:
3291:
3290:
3273:
3240:
3238:
3222:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3159:
3149:
3135:Neferkamin Anu
3108:Neferkare Neby
3081:
3077:
3076:
3072:Lugal-ushumgal
3069:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3028:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2979:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2905:Lugalannemundu
2895:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2836:
2819:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2777:
2761:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2672:Djedkare Isesi
2669:Menkauhor Kaiu
2641:
2637:
2636:
2613:
2596:
2572:
2570:Pabilgagaltuku
2559:
2554:
2540:
2529:Akshak dynasty
2525:
2516:
2468:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2444:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2369:
2354:Enun-dara-anna
2349:
2348:
2309:
2292:
2277:
2259:
2257:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2162:
2147:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2122:
2111:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2047:
2010:
2003:
2002:
1978:Kullassina-bel
1963:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1833:
1824:
1819:
1770:Narmer Palette
1752:
1751:3100–2900 BCE
1748:
1747:
1680:
1610:
1609:
1594:
1593:3200–3100 BCE
1590:
1589:
1576:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1527:
1508:
1507:4000–3200 BCE
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1409:Rulers of the
1408:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1345:Regnal titles
1340:
1339:
1332:
1331:External links
1329:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1289:
1276:
1270:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1217:
1211:D. O. Edzard,
1204:
1176:
1169:
1143:
1136:
1116:
1090:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
988:
981:
961:
954:
934:
931:. p. 299.
917:
901:
874:
862:
855:
835:
828:
808:
805:. p. 227.
787:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
772:
765:
763:
753:
746:
744:
741:
734:
732:
725:
718:
716:
709:
702:
700:
697:
690:
688:
681:
674:
672:
661:
654:
652:
649:
642:
640:
633:
626:
624:
605:
598:
594:
591:
529:Main article:
518:
515:
440:
437:
429: 2150 BC
402:Main article:
399:
396:
362:from northern
350:wood from the
270:
267:
251:Gutian dynasty
199:
195:
168:
167:
159:
158:
151:
150:
144:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
55:
47:
46:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6543:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6492:
6486:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6467:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6428:Roux, Georges
6423:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6392:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6375:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6356:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6322:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6300:
6299:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6255:Yazdegerd III
6253:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6221:
6220:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6191:
6188:
6187:Sahralanyozan
6185:
6181:
6176:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6151:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6130:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5980:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5943:Mithridates V
5941:
5940:Sinatruces II
5936:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5916:
5912:
5905:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5863:Artabanus III
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5833:Tiridates III
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5776:Mithridates I
5773:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5712:Aristobulus I
5710:
5709:John Hyrcanus
5707:
5703:
5702:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5678:Alexander III
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5663:Antiochus III
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5622:Alexander III
5619:
5618:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5557:Cleopatra III
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5462:Artaxerxes IV
5460:
5457:
5456:Artaxerxes II
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5427:
5421:
5417:
5416:Kings of Tyre
5413:
5407:
5402:
5401:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5372:Median Empire
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5280:Sinsharishkun
5278:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5233:
5226:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5202:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5117:(five kings)
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5075:Ashur-Dan III
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4915:Ea-mukin-zeri
4913:
4912:Simbar-shipak
4909:
4904:1025–934 BCE
4903:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4840:Ashur-rabi II
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4825:Eriba-Adad II
4823:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4786:Shalmaneser I
4784:
4783:Adad-nirari I
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4731:
4727:
4726:Kings of Tyre
4723:
4719:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4665:Ramesses VIII
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4547:Amenhotep III
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4498:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4253:Melamkurkurra
4251:
4247:
4246:Ayadaragalama
4244:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4223:Itti-ili-nibi
4221:
4217:
4215:
4204:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4117:Ashur-shaduni
4115:
4112:
4111:Enlil-nasir I
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4075:Sharma-Adad I
4073:
4070:
4066:1700–722 BCE)
4064:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:Ishme-Dagan I
3995:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3958:
3954:
3953:Kings of Tyre
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3910:Amenemhat III
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3702:Puzur-Ashur I
3699:
3698:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3661:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3608:Third Eblaite
3604:
3601:
3600:Mentuhotep IV
3598:
3595:
3594:Mentuhotep II
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3451:Wahkare Khety
3449:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Ur III period
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:Neferkare VII
3305:
3301:
3300:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3254:Ur-Ningirsu I
3251:
3247:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Lugal-kisalsi
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1982:Nangishlishma
1979:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1949:First Eblaite
1945:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1908:Seth-Peribsen
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:Hotepsekhemwy
1865:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:Proto-Elamite
1830:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:Double Falcon
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1271:9780802041876
1267:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1232:on 2013-09-16
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1194:on 2021-03-07
1193:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1117:
1106:on 2013-09-16
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:, p. 38.
1064:
1063:Edzard (1997)
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:Edzard (1997)
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:Edzard (1997)
1035:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
989:
984:
978:
974:
973:
965:
962:
957:
951:
947:
946:
938:
935:
930:
929:
921:
918:
914:
910:
905:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
875:
872:, p. 26.
871:
870:Edzard (1997)
866:
863:
858:
856:9785878502252
852:
848:
847:
839:
836:
831:
825:
821:
820:
812:
809:
801:
800:
792:
789:
782:
776:
769:
764:
750:
745:
738:
733:
729:
722:
717:
713:
706:
701:
694:
689:
685:
678:
673:
669:
665:
658:
653:
646:
641:
637:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
602:
597:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
532:
523:
516:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
484:
476:
469:
464:
457:
445:
438:
434:
422:
415:
410:
405:
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
335:channels and
334:
330:
325:
323:
318:
316:
313:
308:
307:
301:
292:
285:
284:
281:
275:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:of the ruler
236:
232:
228:
217:
213:
209:
208:
203:
187:
183:
176:
171:
162:
148:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
76:
72:
67:
62:
61:Louvre Museum
58:
53:
48:
45:
44:
38:
31:
19:
6479:
6469:
6433:Ancient Iraq
6432:
6422:
6402:
6391:
6377:
6368:
6355:
6346:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6225:Ardashir III
6217:
6194:
6135:
6103:Roman Empire
6101:
6079:
6037:Yazdegerd II
5967:
5958:Artabanus IV
5955:Vologases VI
5946:Vologases IV
5877:Roman Empire
5875:
5860:Vologases II
5836:Artabanus II
5830:Artabanus II
5815:Tiridates II
5803:Phraates III
5769:
5706:Simon Thassi
5699:
5681:Demetrius II
5669:Antiochus IV
5660:Seleucus III
5654:Antiochus II
5641:
5631:
5628:Alexander IV
5615:
5603:
5587:Ptolemy XIII
5569:Berenice III
5563:Cleopatra IV
5504:
5501:331–141 BCE
5492:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5450:Artaxerxes I
5431:
5398:
5395:539–331 BCE
5370:
5351:Nabopolassar
5344:
5315:
5309:
5306:626–539 BCE
5274:Ashurbanipal
5229:
5228:
5222:
5185:
5182:745–609 BCE
5148:
5128:Eriba-Marduk
5089:
5043:
5018:
4986:
4985:
4975:
4964:Shoshenq III
4942:
4939:911–745 BCE
4907:
4889:Marduk-zer-X
4853:
4849:Ashur-dan II
4780:Arik-den-ili
4777:Enlil-nirari
4771:Eriba-Adad I
4764:
4757:
4734:
4715:
4710:Psusennes II
4685:
4684:
4678:
4662:Ramesses VII
4650:Ramesses III
4639:
4623:
4617:
4585:
4571:
4552:
4541:Amenhotep II
4534:Thutmose III
4508:
4502:
4499:
4450:Kurigalzu II
4444:Kara-hardash
4414:Agum-Kakrime
4405:
4384:
4378:
4346:
4329:'Aper-'Anati
4327:
4322:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4226:Damqi-ilishu
4209:
4198:Samsu-Ditana
4180:Sin-muballit
4171:Sin-muballit
4150:
4120:Ashur-rabi I
3985:Shamshi-Adad
3982:
3976:
3961:
3931:
3925:
3913:Amenemhat IV
3907:Senusret III
3901:Amenemhat II
3888:
3874:
3860:
3809:
3806:Damiq-ilishu
3776:Lipit-Eshtar
3757:
3738:
3695:
3663:
3659:
3643:Shakkanakkus
3606:
3582:Mentuhotep I
3575:
3569:
3550:
3537:
3500:
3494:Puzur-Ishtar
3461:
3456:
3438:
3401:
3391:Lugalannatum
3383:
3350:
3317:
3297:
3276:Hishep-Ratep
3242:
3224:
3161:
3151:
3105:Neferkare II
3095:
3089:
3083:
3030:
3012:
3002:
2981:
2934:Invasion by
2897:
2862:
2838:
2830:Enannatum II
2794:E-iginimpa'e
2763:
2755:Igrish-Halam
2666:Nyuserre Ini
2643:
2617:Awan dynasty
2615:
2574:
2561:
2542:
2527:
2518:
2502:Ishtup-Ishar
2482:Iku-Shamagan
2478:Ikun-Shamash
2470:
2448:Ur I dynasty
2446:
2439:
2428:
2403:
2397:
2371:
2352:
2311:
2294:
2279:
2261:
2220:
2212:
2183:
2164:
2127:Enmebaragesi
2113:
2094:
2065:
2056:
2049:
2012:
2007:
1987:En-tarah-ana
1972:
1965:
1957:
1947:
1923:
1920:Neferkasokar
1918:
1913:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1861:
1841:
1835:
1826:
1814:
1809:
1760:
1754:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1668:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1621:Finger Snail
1619:
1613:
1596:
1565:Anu Ziggurat
1548:
1516:
1510:
1428:Territories/
1358:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1260:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:the original
1220:
1212:
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:the original
1186:
1179:
1159:
1126:
1119:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:the original
1093:
1084:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1001:
997:
991:
971:
964:
944:
937:
927:
920:
904:
890:(2): 37–46.
887:
883:
877:
865:
845:
838:
818:
811:
798:
791:
582:
576:
568:lapis lazuli
561:
534:
504:
489:
386:(Oman), and
341:
326:
319:
314:
299:
297:
277:
269:Inscriptions
218:, who ruled
214:in Southern
205:
193:
181:
180:
40:
6365:Simpson, W.
6293:639–651 CE
6240:Azarmidokht
6231:Khosrow III
6214:628–641 CE
6170:618–628 CE
6132:395–618 CE
6098:273–395 CE
6086:Vaballathus
6076:270–273 CE
6040:Hormizd III
6025:Yazdegerd I
6016:Ardashir II
6010:Adur Narseh
5964:224–270 CE
5952:Vologases V
5926:117–224 CE
5907:116–117 CE
5854:Vardanes II
5851:Vologases I
5842:Gotarzes II
5812:Phraates IV
5782:Hyspaosines
5721:Hyrcanus II
5696:141–30 BCE
5675:Demetrius I
5672:Antiochus V
5666:Seleucus IV
5657:Seleucus II
5651:Antiochus I
5638:Antigonus I
5590:Ptolemy XIV
5578:Cleopatra V
5360:Neriglissar
5357:Amel-Marduk
5340:Psamtik III
5311:Late Period
5250:Sennacherib
5241:Shalmaneser
5168:Tammaritu I
5065:Shammuramat
5008:Takelot III
5005:Osorkon III
5002:Shoshenq VI
4977:Pedubast II
4967:Shoshenq IV
4955:Shoshenq II
4804:Ashur-dan I
4745:Ish-bosheth
4698:Psusennes I
4674:Ramesses XI
4668:Ramesses IX
4659:Ramesses VI
4653:Ramesses IV
4598:Ramesses II
4561:Tutankhamun
4544:Thutmose IV
4528:Thutmose II
4462:Kudur-Enlil
4447:Nazi-Bugash
4435:Kurigalzu I
4423:Ulamburiash
4394:Amenhotep I
4375:Tutankhamun
4361:Parshatatar
4358:Shuttarna I
4291:Seventeenth
4220:Ilum-ma-ili
4195:Ammi-saduqa
4192:Ammi-ditana
4186:Samsu-iluna
4093:Erishum III
4054:Adad-salulu
4051:Ipqi-Ishtar
4039:Ashur-dugul
4024:Adad-salulu
4021:Ipqi-Ishtar
4009:Ashur-dugul
3978:Old Assyria
3973:(Amorites)
3916:Sobekneferu
3904:Senusret II
3895:Amenemhat I
3867:Sîn-iribam
3844:Sin-Iqisham
3838:Sin-Iddinam
3788:Erra-imitti
3785:Lipit-Enlil
3773:Ishme-Dagan
3770:Iddin-Dagan
3706:Shalim-ahum
3697:Old Assyria
3683:Yasmah-Adad
3660:Lim Dynasty
3652:Hanun-Dagan
3648:Hitial-Erra
3413:Ur-Ningirsu
3369:Kuda (Uruk)
3342:Ishgum-Addu
3332:Ishtup-Ilum
3184:Ishma-Dagan
3169:Shakkanakku
3147:Neferirkare
3144:Neferkauhor
3047:Ili-ishmani
3026:Manishtushu
2989:Lugalzagesi
2985:III dynasty
2969:Puzur-Nirah
2684:Ishar-Malik
2663:Shepseskare
2453:Mesannepada
2378:Nin-kisalsi
2366:Lugal-kitun
2336:Meskalamdug
2322:Ur-Pabilsag
2135:Aga of Kish
2044:Barsal-nuna
1929:Khasekhemwy
1915:Neferkara I
1894:Weneg-Nebty
1872:Nebra/Raneb
1684:Lower Egypt
1670:Scorpion II
1615:Upper Egypt
1567:, 4000 BCE)
1550:Uruk period
1371:Ur-Ningirsu
1307:A. Parrot,
1302:Mesopotamia
1004:(1): 1–42.
775:Ningishzida
620:Ningishzida
570:and bright
468:Ningishzida
414:Louvre-Lens
394:(Bahrain).
255:Ishtup-Ilum
253:, and when
243:Ur-Ningirsu
223: 2080
216:Mesopotamia
126:Ur-Ningirsu
102:Ur-Ningirsu
88:Predecessor
81: 2144
6520:Categories
6249:Khosrow IV
6246:Hormizd VI
6228:Shahrbaraz
6205:Khosrow II
6190:Shahrbaraz
6184:Shahrbaraz
6064:Khosrow II
6061:Hormizd IV
6019:Shapur III
6007:Hormizd II
6001:Bahram III
5986:Ardashir I
5857:Pacorus II
5848:Vonones II
5845:Meherdates
5839:Vardanes I
5824:Orodes III
5821:Phraates V
5800:Sinatruces
5648:Seleucus I
5625:Philip III
5599:Arsinoe IV
5524:Arsinoe II
5465:Darius III
5331:Psamtik II
5271:Esarhaddon
5164:Ummanigash
5134:Nabonassar
5028:Bakenranef
4999:Pedubast I
4996:Takelot II
4993:Harsiese A
4981:Osorkon IV
4973:Shoshenq V
4961:Osorkon II
4949:Shoshenq I
4695:Amenemnisu
4671:Ramesses X
4656:Ramesses V
4604:Amenmesses
4592:Ramesses I
4554:Smenkhkare
4531:Hatshepsut
4525:Thutmose I
4429:Karaindash
4168:Sumu-la-El
4000:Mut-Ashkur
3991:(Amorites)
3898:Senusret I
3857:Rim-Sin II
3847:Silli-Adad
3841:Sin-Eribam
3803:Suen-magir
3800:Ur-du-kuga
3797:Iter-pisha
3791:Enlil-bani
3779:Ur-Ninurta
3767:Shu-Ilishu
3764:Ishbi-Erra
3734:Erishum II
3680:Yahdun-Lim
3677:Yaggid-Lim
3490:Tura-Dagan
3469:Utu-hengal
3445:Meryhathor
3421:Nam-mahani
3387:II dynasty
3356:(21 kings)
3250:Puzer-Mama
3246:II dynasty
3228:IV dynasty
3141:Neferkaure
3138:Qakare Ibi
3129:Neferkahor
3120:Neferkamin
3039:Ilshu-rabi
2930:Ishqi-Mari
2926:Ikun-Ishar
2922:Enna-Dagan
2842:II dynasty
2816:Bara-irnun
2771:Puzur-Suen
2767:IV dynasty
2759:Irkab-Damu
2704:(3 kings)
2630:Ukkutahesh
2603:Meskiagnun
2599:A'annepada
2546:II dynasty
2441:Thamphthis
2437:Shepseskaf
2386:Lugal-dalu
2285:Udulkalama
2265:II dynasty
2207:Sekhemkhet
2115:Lugalbanda
2041:Melem-Kish
2037:En-me-nuna
1822:Canaanites
1816:Horus Bird
1781:Neithhotep
1654:Scorpion I
1604:Naqada III
1281:Robson, E.
1236:2020-04-01
1198:2020-03-16
1110:2020-04-01
783:References
684:Hendursaga
333:irrigation
225:–2060 BC (
6361:Hallo, W.
6258:Peroz III
6092:Antiochus
6058:Khosrow I
6028:Shapur IV
6022:Bahram IV
6013:Shapur II
5998:Bahram II
5992:Hormizd I
5949:Osroes II
5827:Vonones I
5809:Orodes II
5785:Artabanus
5453:Darius II
5380:Phraortes
5366:Nabonidus
5337:Ahmose II
5325:Psamtik I
5218:Tanutamun
5067:(regent)
4958:Takelot I
4952:Osorkon I
4717:Phoenicia
4701:Amenemope
4647:Setnakhte
4601:Merneptah
4550:Akhenaten
4333:Sakir-Har
4271:Sixteenth
4250:Akurduana
4236:Gulkishar
4233:Shushushi
4189:Abi-eshuh
4183:Hammurabi
4165:Sumu-abum
4087:Shu-Ninua
4078:Iptar-Sin
4048:Sin-namir
4045:Nasir-Sin
4036:Puzur-Sin
4018:Sin-namir
4015:Nasir-Sin
3869:Sîn-gāmil
3865:Sîn-kāšid
3853:Rim-Sin I
3850:Warad-Sin
3730:Naram-Sin
3714:Erishum I
3710:Ilu-shuma
3686:Zimri-Lim
3634:Indilimma
3621:Ibbit-Lim
3591:Intef III
3554:invasions
3541:invasions
3486:Ili-Ishar
3482:Iddi-ilum
3475:2100 BCE
3465:V dynasty
3435:2125 BCE
3373:Puzur-ili
3360:La-erabum
3294:2150 BCE
3220:Shu-turul
3213:(3 years)
3180:Shu-Dagan
3080:2200 BCE
3057:Naram-Sin
3053:2250 BCE
2997:2340 BCE
2963:2350 BCE
2957:Luh-ishan
2952:Urukagina
2948:Lugalanda
2917:Isar-Damu
2913:2370 BCE
2859:2380 BCE
2834:Enentarzi
2822:Enannatum
2811:Gishakidu
2775:Ur-Zababa
2751:Adub-Damu
2747:2400 BCE
2720:2425 BCE
2714:Napilhush
2702:invasions
2680:Enar-Damu
2660:Neferefre
2640:2450 BCE
2583:Ur-Nanshe
2578:I dynasty
2565:I dynasty
2506:Ikun-Mari
2465:Phoenicia
2461:2500 BCE
2394:2575 BCE
2362:Melamanna
2346:Akalamdug
2318:A-Imdugud
2281:Ur-Nungal
2268:(5 kings)
2255:Baba-Damu
2251:Ibbi-Damu
2180:2600 BCE
2150:Gilgamesh
2108:Iltasadum
2079:2700 BCE
2053:I dynasty
2006:2800 BCE
1969:I dynasty
1925:Hudjefa I
1858:2900 BCE
1804:Semerkhet
1796:(regent)
1783:(regent)
1690:Hedju Hor
1518:Naqada II
1018:0022-4995
572:carnelian
541:carnelian
537:Meluhhans
98:Successor
41:Ruler of
6477:(2014).
6430:(1992).
6400:(2020).
6367:(1971).
6208:Kavad II
6034:Bahram V
5995:Bahram I
5989:Shapur I
5866:Osroes I
5797:Orodes I
5791:Gotarzes
5779:Phraates
5444:Darius I
5441:Cambyses
5389:Astyages
5386:Cyaxares
5328:Necho II
5259:Bel-ibni
5209:Shebitku
5172:Indabibi
5025:Tefnakht
4567:Horemheb
4426:Agum III
4408:Kassites
4391:Ahmose I
4256:Ea-gamil
4240:DIŠ+U-EN
4230:Ishkibal
4177:Apil-Sin
4159:Amorites
4069:Bel-bani
3944:Biblical
3835:Nur-Adad
3826:Gungunum
3814:Naplanum
3782:Bur-Suen
3746:Amorites
3722:Sargon I
3672:Amorites
3616:Amorites
3588:Intef II
3558:Kindattu
3546:Ibbi-Sin
3525:Amar-Sin
3519:Ur-Nammu
3454:Merykare
3346:Apil-kin
3258:Pirig-me
3236:Ur-gigir
3232:Ur-nigin
3172:dynasty)
3117:Merenhor
3043:Epirmupi
2872:Userkare
2826:Entemena
2803:Ur-Lumma
2798:Meskigal
2729:Eannatum
2724:Kun-Damu
2708:Shushun-
2693:Enakalle
2552:kushanna
2538:Undalulu
2510:Iblul-Il
2434:Menkaure
2430:Bikheris
2423:Djedefre
2382:Me-durba
2307:shaengur
2301:En-hegal
2289:Labashum
2247:Agur-lim
2243:Abur-lim
2222:Qahedjet
2067:Enmerkar
1899:Wadjenes
1889:Horus Sa
1884:Nubnefer
1875:Nynetjer
1849:Susa III
1811:Sneferka
1794:Merneith
1512:Naqada I
1304:6, 1978.
1258:(1997).
1157:(1990).
664:Ningirsu
616:caduceus
608:Mušḫuššu
439:Religion
312:Akkadian
283:Lagashki
235:daughter
186:Sumerian
83:–2124 BC
6261:Narsieh
6089:Zenobia
6070:Vistahm
6055:Kavad I
6049:Kavad I
6043:Peroz I
6031:Khosrow
5377:Deioces
5334:Wahibre
5322:Necho I
5215:Taharqa
5212:Shabaka
5196:Taharqa
5160:Teumman
5011:Rudamun
4753:Solomon
4692:Smendes
4613:Twosret
4607:Seti II
4348:Mitanni
4342:Khamudi
4296:Dynasty
4286:Dynasty
4276:Dynasty
4114:Nur-ili
4084:Lullaya
3987:dynasty
3939:Abraham
3829:Abisare
3794:Zambiya
3688:(Queen
3640:Amorite
3611:Kingdom
3585:Intef I
3552:Elamite
3539:Amorite
3528:Shu-Sin
3429:Tirigan
3398:Ur-Baba
3328:Nûr-Mêr
3266:Lu-gula
3262:Lu-Baba
3176:Ididish
3157:Kingdom
3154:Eblaite
3152:Second
3102:Menkare
2977:Shu-Sin
2973:Ishu-Il
2901:dynasty
2881:Pepi II
2814:(Queen
2700:Elamite
2651:Userkaf
2594:Akurgal
2523:Ku-Baba
2339:(Queen
2275:Mesilim
2210:Sanakht
2200:(First
2017:Zuqaqip
2014:Kalumum
1999:Kalibum
1995:Puannum
1952:Kingdom
1801:Anedjib
1785:Hor-Aha
1730:Nat-Hor
1663:Iry-Hor
1659:Shendjw
1631:Pen-Abu
1579:Susa II
1353:Ur-Baba
1248:Sources
1026:3632219
614:). The
562:In the
549:Meluhha
500:aurochs
380:diorite
356:Lebanon
337:temples
263:Gutians
239:Ur-Baba
133:Dynasty
115:Ninalla
92:Ur-Baba
57:Diorite
6487:
6440:
6410:
6052:Jamasp
6046:Balash
6004:Narseh
5915:Trajan
5913:under
5447:Xerxes
5383:Madyes
5247:Sargon
4707:Siamun
4610:Siptah
4595:Seti I
4579:Ugarit
4324:Semqen
4309:Hyksos
4281:Abydos
4174:Sabium
4081:Bazaya
4072:Libaya
4006:Asinum
4003:Rimush
3963:Yamhad
3855:(...)
3832:Sumuel
3823:Zabaia
3820:Samium
3817:Emisum
3718:Ikunum
3690:Shibtu
3631:Immeya
3522:Shulgi
3417:Ur-gar
3377:Ur-Utu
3244:Lagash
3123:Nikare
3035:Eshpum
3023:Rimush
2875:Pepi I
2710:tarana
2654:Sahure
2634:Hishur
2611:Balulu
2576:Lagash
2557:Mug-si
2550:Ensha-
2498:Sa'umu
2426:Khafre
2410:Snefru
2358:Mes-he
2305:Lugal-
2296:Lagash
2239:Sagisu
2191:Djoser
2100:Tizqar
2071:Aratta
2027:Arwium
2024:Mashda
1974:Jushur
1904:Senedj
1843:period
1775:Narmer
1725:Wazner
1700:Hsekiu
1695:Ny-Hor
1674:Narmer
1644:Canide
1635:Animal
1541:Susa I
1491:Lagash
1465:Akshak
1440:Canaan
1268:
1167:
1134:
1024:
1016:
979:
952:
853:
826:
557:Amurru
392:Dilmun
388:timber
372:Canaan
364:Arabia
360:copper
352:Amanus
322:Anshan
315:šarrum
278:Gudea
212:Lagash
190:𒅗𒌤𒀀
175:Lagash
161:Lagash
112:Spouse
43:Lagash
35:𒅗𒌤𒀀
6252:Boran
6234:Boran
6121:Syria
5901:Syria
5896:Judea
5438:Cyrus
5156:Urtak
4749:David
4355:Kirta
4339:Apepi
4336:Khyan
4057:Adasi
4027:Adasi
3655:(...)
3402:Gudea
3364:Si'um
3313:Setut
3284:Khita
3270:Ka-ku
3211:Ilulu
3207:Nanum
3199:Igigi
2943:Ukush
2845:Nanni
2607:Elulu
2494:Ansud
2413:Khufu
2341:Puabi
2218:Khaba
2214:Nebka
2096:Zamug
2034:Balih
2030:Etana
1991:Babum
1778:Menes
1720:Neheb
1715:Thesh
1705:Khayu
1678:Menes
1639:Stork
1470:Akkad
1460:Assur
1435:Egypt
1430:dates
1022:JSTOR
803:(PDF)
668:Enlil
545:Magan
511:Sinai
507:Syria
456:Girsu
390:from
384:Magan
382:from
376:Egypt
348:cedar
306:lugal
247:Sumer
182:Gudea
121:Issue
74:Reign
33:Gudea
6485:ISBN
6461:Per
6438:ISBN
6408:ISBN
5818:Musa
5508:and
5206:Piye
4970:Pami
4741:Saul
3666:Mari
3463:Uruk
3385:Umma
3280:Helu
3226:Uruk
3216:Dudu
2983:Uruk
2936:Mari
2899:Adab
2869:Teti
2780:Urur
2765:Kish
2675:Unas
2626:Tata
2622:Peli
2563:Umma
2544:Uruk
2534:Unzi
2514:Nizi
2373:Adab
2271:Uhub
2263:Kish
2226:Huni
2104:Ilku
2051:Uruk
2020:Atab
1967:Kish
1807:Qa'a
1791:Djet
1788:Djer
1743:Wash
1735:Mekh
1649:Bull
1626:Fish
1501:Elam
1485:Umma
1480:Adab
1475:Uruk
1455:Kish
1450:Mari
1445:Ebla
1362:ca.
1266:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1014:ISSN
977:ISBN
950:ISBN
851:ISBN
824:ISBN
710:The
583:Gubi
555:and
553:Elam
496:bull
374:and
368:gold
344:Asia
329:Elam
300:énsi
280:Ensi
259:Mari
207:ensi
3664:of
3203:Imi
2689:Ush
1798:Den
1710:Tiu
1006:doi
892:doi
579:Goa
198:-de
6522::
6452:^
6363:;
6275:,
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1976:,
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