145:, aka the enchantress of the Ile d'Or) who becomes his mistress, but he leaves abruptly in un-chivalric manner to return to his main quest (at the city of Snowdon). He defeats the enchanter Mabon and accomplishes the "Fearsome Kiss" upon a serpent to dispel the transformation of the princess of Wales, after which a voice reveals to him his name, Guinglain, and his parentage. The princess discloses her name as Blonde Esmeree; she is Princess/Queen of Wales, and wishes to marry the hero. The Fair Unknown has a chance of reunion with White Hands, but when Arthur calls a tournament to entice him back, she helps by magically sending him to the joust, and he takes this to be a rejection. He is then married to Blonde Esmeree.
548:
love for
Pucelle and never see her again. He decides to join the tournament regardless of the sacrifices he would have to make. Pucelle altruistically offers to aid him with her powers; she transports him out of her castle with a horse, a squire, and armour to be able to join the tournament. This magical send-off by Blanches Mains is regarded by Bel Inconnu to be a gesture of final break-up and rejection, and he winds up marrying Blonde Esmeree, as was arranged for him to do.
561:), he interprets this as her jilting him, and accepts Arthur's design to keep him at his court, relenting to his matchmaking with Esmeree the Queen of Gales as wife. Yet the readership's expectation to grant Fair Unknown his requited love for the enchantress is addressed by the poet in the very end, in a tantalizing and frustrating manner, for he quip that he would be willing to compose such a sequel, if only his Fair Lady were to grant him with a "favorable glance (
383:). No knight seems willing, when the youth requests that his promised bonn be permission to accept this adventure. Arthur at first tries to dissuade, fearing it may be too dangerous, but relents, after enlisting the youth as a knights of his court. Helie however is unhappy with the choice of an unproven knight, "the worst rather than best". In the Middle English version, the messenger named Elene (Elaine) also complains that a child has been assigned to the task.
3435:
3447:
3459:
556:
Although both women are enamored with the hero, the Fair
Unknown's heart lies with Blanches Mains and he is only tepidly interested in Blonde Esmerée. But circumstances conspire otherwise. The Fair Unknown, having abruptly left Blanches Mains's company to tackle his main quest rescuing Blond Esmeree,
503:
This is vaguely paralleled in the German Wig. version, according to some commentators, where the hero after fighting a dragon (unconnected with the enchanter), wakes from unconsciousness, finding himself stripped naked by robbers and not knowing his whereabouts, but is able to verify his own presence
719:
In the opening scene at court, Helie's master (the distressed royal damsel)'s name is concealed, save being the daughter of King
Grangras (v. 177, normalized as Guingras in Eng. tr., which is the spelling in all subsequent instances). This would suggest her to be princess royal, but in a later when
342:
and no knowledge of even his own name, and nothing of his youth is told to the reader at this point. The hidden identity constitutes a mystery or enigma element common to other medieval writings. In the BI, the mention of the name is withheld until midpoint into the poem after he completes the quest
547:
Bel
Inconnu is having his reunion with the Pucelle à Blanches Mains when King Arthur holds a tournament with the intent to lure Gingalain back to court—and to steer his decision of marriage more towards the newly crowned Queen of Wales. In joining the tournament, Gingalain would have to forfeit his
447:
Arriving in Wales, Bel
Inconnu accomplishes the "Fearsome Kiss", namely, the ordeal of breaking an evil enchanter's spell by exchanging a "Kiss" with a serpent and causing it to transform back into a woman's form. This dispelling of the snake-woman's curse is common to BI and LD, and also occurs in
391:
But the youth will have the chance to prove himself in a number of adversarial encounters and adventures before arriving at the main quest in Wales. In the journey, he will be accompanied by Helie, her dwarf, and the squire named Robert assigned to Bel
Inconnu by the king. In LD, Car., and Wig., no
136:
The nameless youth arrives King Arthur's Court, and is granted a boon to be knighted. He earns the nickname "Fair
Unknown", then accepts his main quest, to save the Princess/Queen of Gales (Wales), brought by the Welsh maidservant Hélie. He undergoes a number of side-quests, including his succoring
1607:
in the opposite camp retorted that the author of LD eliminated the squire, until a need arose for someone to fulfill this role, and appropriated the steward
Gifflet of the Ile d'Or to join the company, but Schofield was unconvinced of the scenario and said it lacked "justification".
392:
obvious figure corresponding to this squire, which is taken as corroborative key evidence by
Schofield and others that the Middle English version is based on some simpler original French version (unlike Renaud's which is padded with additional material such as the squire).
1815:
employs "la fée aux blanches mains" in the title, however, this does not actually occur in the text except for
Hippeau's misreading "Fius es à Blances mains la fée" (son of Blanches Mains the Fay) at his v. 3211. p. 114, which is clearly an error for "Blanchemal the Fay"
401:), after which he is challenged by Blioblïeris's two (or three) cronies, including "Willaume de Salebrant". LD sets the hero's first fight against William of Salebraunche at "Castle Adventurous.. upon the Vale Perilous" (or "Pont/Bridge Perilous").
1629:
Brandsma gives "two cronies". but Blioblïeris companions (vv. 527–531) are three according to Fresco's index, namely Elins li Brans or Elin the Fair, Lord of Graie (vv. 527, etc.), the knight of Saie (v. 528), and Willaume de Salebrant (v. 529).
438:
After completing his main quest, he will have a chance to revisit the Pucelle to apologise for his abrupt departure after their initial acquaintance, and she will then reveal she had been aiding him all along using her magical powers.
370:
The nameless youth abruptly asks King Arthur for an unspecified boon, which is granted. The king sends out to discover the youth's name, but the youth cannot provide what he does not know, and he is given the nickname "Fair Unknown".
417:), foiling the plans of her unwanted suitor Malgier le Gris ("Malgier the Grey") by defeating and killing him. The victory earns him the title to this kingdom and claim to wed the Maid himself, and they are enamored of each other.
574:, Schofield categorically pronounced " marries the disenchanted lady gladly. He has no desire for anyone else. Contrarily however, modern commentating explains that Chestre's Libeaus Desconus also dilly-dallies (
374:
A maidservant named Helie (or Hélie) from Wales (Gales) then arrives at court, seeking a knight to take up an adventure to rescue her master, the Princess/Queen. The adventure is that of the Fearsome Kiss
312:
in crafting his Middle English version may have had recourse to multiple sources. Schofield, whose works was most influential, also felt that a version of the Perceval/Peredur tale has been blended in.
492:
was Guinglain, his mother was Blanchemal the Fay, and his father Gawain. Although the hero begins by addressing "Dear God,..", the hero's amour, Lady of the White Hands, aka Fairy of the Ile d'Or (cf.
476:. In LD, she is the Lady of Snowdon, given in text as the Queen of Sinadoune (var. Lady of Synadowne), who had been transformed by two magicians into the shape of a serpent with a woman's face. In
288:
During the 19th century into the 20th, there was a plurality of scholars favoring the opinion that there was a lost original French version which was the common source for both Renaut's
787:
1480 dame d'amour, but give variants that suggest proper name (la d. damore C; la dame Amoure L; Madam de Armoroure P; Diamour Denamower A). Price designates her as "Dame Amoure".
544:
When Bel Inconnu rescues the princess and out of gratitude, she offers herself to him in marriage. But he had already been proposed marriage by the Maiden of the White Hands.
1599:, pp. 110–111, is categorically judging that "Squire Robert" is one of the "Changes introduced by Renaud" (his subheading title for this piece of analysis), and names
435:), whom he had succored earlier.. She is also referred to as a veritable "Fay" or "Fairy" of Ile d'Or by commentators as she was an enchantress manifesting magical powers.
504:
of mind, being able to recall that his mother was Queen Floriê of Syria and his father Gâwein. However, this he already knew, and this was not the moment of revelation.
515:
The acceptance of the ordeal of the "Fearsome Kiss" is beseeched at the beginning of the tale by a female messenger arriving at Arthur's court, namely Hélie, the
308:
who edited LD named as detractor. However, modern Arthurian reference material sides with Kaluza, describing the English work as an adaptation of Renaut, though
242:(BI), and scholars have disputed over this issue, but one solution is that Chestre drew from multiple version of the story. At any rate, the LD, BI, the Italian
186:), this designation had already been used in the Middle English work, which appends the literal translated meaning of "Libeaus Desconus" as "Þe faire unknowe".
1824:
still uses the moniker "Fairy of the Ile d'Or" at p. 212, he notes that he needed to perform a corrigendum to "Fée Blancemal" for the hero's mother, based on
466:) draws near and kisses him. The enchanted and transformed woman introduces herself as Blonde Esmerée of Gales(Wales), claiming to be the acknowledged queen (
1383:
3236:
2607:
1861:) in vv. 3385–8. In the beginning, Blonde Esmeree is not named but referred to as "daughter of King Guingras" (v. 177) by the messenger Helie (v. 197).
350:
immediately divulges the name of the youth as Gingelein and his father as Gawain to the readership in the opening scenes of the poem, in the youth or
578:) for a long while at the Ile d'Ore and "experiences the interrelations of knightly prowess and love" with the enchantress, there named Dame Amoure (
3356:
729:
Cf. discussion and note below on Schofield's view that the squire named Robert must have been an additional character introduced to an "original"
631:. The Fair Unknown motif was very popular in medieval romance; Gingalain's story is clearly related to (if not the direct source of) the tales of
33:
557:
is later reunited with Blanches Mains and is forgiven; but when Blanches Mains helps him with her magic to attend Arthur's tournament (cf.
720:
the princess recovers and reveals her name to be Blonde Esmeree, she also proclaims to be "acknowledged queen" (v. 3386) in her own right.
3489:
947:, in the book's subtitle is: "'Li Biaus Descouneüs'; 'The Fair Unknown'". Cf., Fresco, index, "Biau Descouneü", also text, v. 131, etc.
519:
serving the princess Blonde Esmerée in BI the female messenger is named Elene in LD, and in both works she is accompanied by a dwarf.
2494:
2443:
2392:
2261:
1997:
1581:
1457:
1430:
1358:
1164:
1022:
3404:
488:
In BI, the accomplishment of the "Fearsome Kiss" is followed by a revelation in the form of a voice in his head which told him his
174:
compared with the Middle English poem's name "Libeaus Desconus". While "The Fair Unknown" may be the modern English translation of
742:
Fresco does note that more recently Claude Luttrell has espoused the possibility of a lost "Fair Unknown" story used by BI and LD.
2929:
2791:
1344:
1472:
Schoefield, as well as Weston and Stromberg after him characterize the "youth" ("enfance") portion as what is "omitted" in BI.
2600:
2411:
326:
as suggested by Mennung, and later extensively demonstrated by Schofield, is a point that is affirmed by recent authorities.
496:), later reveals it was actually her own voice that informed him of his name, after he despatched the enchanter Mabon (cf.
3484:
2881:
2846:
567:)". This "naughty ending" has disappointed modern critics, who even accused him of flippancy on a sober romantic theme.
751:
Clearly the woman for whom Renaut wrote the poem in the first place, according to the beginning (Prologue) of the work.
3351:
1759:
and other romances (not BI) as examples, but still refers to Chantilly 472 (which contains BI) as the "manuscript of
424:), but leaves abruptly upon remembering his main quest/adventure, to complete his obligation to the Welsh princess.
3399:
3009:
2746:
522:
There are two men with power to cast and remove the serpent enchantment; in the BI, an elder brother named Mabon (
2593:
1241:
Review author: Nitze, W. A. (February 1933). "Gliglois. A French Arthurian Romance of the Thirteenth Century".
2228:, p. 123: "tasteless playfulness in a serious romance", citing Boiron and Payen, "Structure et sens," 18.
1274:
1272:
856:
354:
segment of the work. The youth aims his travel to where Arthur holds his court which the Englishman places at
2628:
2558:
1659:
667:
colour, and this is observed to be an appropriation of the author's own Beaujeu (Bâgé) family coat of arms.
301:
203:
2070:, pp. 298–299: "the voice you heard,/and which told you your name.. was none other than my own". Also
1389:
395:
In his first enemy encounter, Bel Inconnu defeats the knight Blioblïeris who defends the Perillous Ford (
3361:
2516:
1416:
3114:
3099:
3074:
3024:
2899:
2721:
2646:
1700:
index, p. 406, glossed as "fairy mistress of Guniglain, lady of Ille d'Or. First so named at v. 1941.
611:
599:
2016:
1825:
1010:
760:
523:
428:
410:
376:
2531:
Colby-Hall, Alice M. (1984). "Frustration and Fulfillment: The Double Ending of the Bel Inconnu".
3419:
3414:
3014:
2974:
2904:
2544:
1910:
1258:
2005:
2179:, p. 121: "Guinglain is faced with the dilemma of choosing between two offers of marriage"
1172:
1030:
512:
The names of the female messengers and the enchanters imprisoning the ladies are also similar.
3384:
3029:
2964:
2620:
2506:
2490:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2421:
2407:
2388:
2380:
2364:
2348:
2344:
2257:
2251:
2058:
1993:
1890:
1577:
1565:
1453:
1426:
1394:
1354:
1348:
1160:
1089:
1018:
838:
656:
343:
of the Kiss, this delay being a deliberate ploy by the author to enhance the dramatic effect.
207:
199:
1447:
1420:
976:
3298:
3104:
3084:
3039:
2562:
2536:
1902:
1600:
1250:
664:
660:
230:
202:, completed some time after 1191 and before 1212/13, which survive in the unique Chantilly,
154:
122:
118:
3389:
3379:
3333:
3308:
3288:
3266:
3254:
3064:
2969:
2726:
2661:
652:
516:
214:
179:
138:
96:
70:
36:
2579:
409:
But the most significant of the side-quests is his aiding The Maiden of the White Hands (
257:, reconstructed from a (destroyed) 13-century manuscript, but this may not belong to the
2585:
3463:
3451:
3261:
3226:
3180:
2482:
2462:
1985:
1152:
1002:
489:
309:
235:
225:
149:
1724:, p. 121: "The most important of these is the defeat of Malgier le Gris,..", etc.
32:
3478:
3139:
2924:
2711:
1965:
1755:
1006:
704:
606:
427:
The Maiden of the White Hands is also called at one point "Lady of the White Hands" (
322:
3439:
3394:
3185:
3004:
2934:
2074:, p. 121: "he learns that it was her voice that proclaimed his identity", etc.
1378:
1224:
297:
2354:
Le bel inconnu ou Giglain, fils de Messire Gauvain et de la fée aux blanches mains
1071:
2510:
2470:
2429:
2402:
2368:
2352:
1318:
615:, in which he is killed along with his brothers Sir Florence and Sir Lovell when
285:(Wig.), but the differences are considerable, as shown in the comparative study.
3303:
3221:
3049:
3019:
2989:
2616:
2515:. Arthurian Romances Unrepresented in Malory's "Morte D'Arthur 5. Translated by
640:
355:
2489:. Early English Text Society: Original series 261. Early English Text Society.
358:. Arthur's court also differs in other versions, Camelot in Car., and Karidôl (
3206:
3175:
3119:
2836:
2756:
2466:
1604:
305:
126:
3409:
3201:
3170:
3144:
3079:
3054:
2944:
2914:
2866:
2856:
2691:
2656:
1190:, pp. 2ff where he launches into a comparative analysis of these four poems.
624:
473:
2776:
148:
His nickname differs depending on the version and language; he is known in
2083:
The parallel as perceived by Albert Mebes, cited and quoted by Schonfield.
1803:, p. 121: "the use of magic has transformed her into a veritable fay"
1422:
The Legend of Sir Gawain: Studies Upon Its Original Scope and Significance
3328:
3318:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3134:
3089:
3059:
2984:
2954:
2919:
2894:
2861:
2826:
2806:
2761:
2716:
2636:
1934:, p. 84, "Of Sinadoune þe quene" and footnoted variants: S.]..doune
1566:"Chapter IX. Degrees of Perceptibility: the Narrator in the French Prose
636:
628:
620:
359:
339:
224:
There are also cognate tales remade in English, Italian, and German. The
17:
194:
Guinglain is the later revealed Baptised name of the title character in
3278:
3244:
3216:
3211:
3044:
2999:
2959:
2909:
2889:
2871:
2851:
2841:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2786:
2781:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2671:
2651:
2548:
1971:
And after þat kissinge /the wormis taile and winge/Swiftly fell her fro
1914:
616:
460:
1262:
125:. He was not even told his name, and unbeknownst to him, he is son of
3323:
3313:
3249:
3165:
3129:
3124:
3094:
3069:
3034:
2949:
2831:
2771:
2681:
2676:
2487:
Libeaus Desconus: die mittelenglische Romanze vom Schönen unbekannten
2472:
Libeaus Desconus: die mittelenglische Romanze vom Schönen unbekannten
696:
632:
595:
463:
2540:
1906:
420:
Bel Inconnu overspends his time here in leisurely amorous idleness (
2253:
Codex and Context: Reading Old French Verse Narrative in Manuscript
2190:
The "Bel Inconnu's" Enchantress and the Intent of Renaut de Beaujeu
1845:
v. 3233, and after. She is glossed as "queen of Galesin the index (
1381:
explicitly, but the question 'what do women most desire' occurs in
1300:
1298:
1296:
1254:
1072:"Renaut de Beaujeu - Arlima - Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge"
3149:
3109:
2994:
2979:
2736:
2731:
2641:
480:, the chained serpent becomes the beautiful Beatrice upon a kiss.
31:
2939:
2766:
2666:
1969:
1955:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1667:
63:
55:
48:
2589:
901:
to reconstruct some of the lacunae in the Chantilly manuscript.
531:
396:
269:
The basic plot is shared by the various language versions, the
167:
1201:
Gliglois. A French Arthurian Romance of the Thirteenth Century
940:
938:
936:
703:
the creature bears the face of a woman but a body of a winged
130:
121:
whose exploits are recorded in numerous versions of a popular
2385:'Le Bel Inconnu': ('Li Biaus Descouneüs'; 'The Fair Unknown')
963:, note, p. 132: "eine wörtliche übersetzung des frz. namens".
1869:
1867:
783:, p. 83 edits her name as uncapitalized (common noun):
590:
There is a prose rendering by Claude Platin (1530) entitled
1480:
1478:
1449:
A Study of the Waste Or Enchanted Land in Arthurian Romance
1350:
Simple Forms: Essays on Medieval English Popular Literature
923:
921:
919:
1675:., etc., v. 302) and "Upon þe point perilous" (var. pont
1117:
1115:
1113:
1749:
by Price, but probably more aptly applied to the French
1984:
Hoffman, Donald L. (1996). "Canari di Carduino, I". In
1182:
1180:
1045:
edition, as well as G. Perrie Williams's 1929 edition.
1717:
1715:
651:
The heraldic device of Le Bel Inconnu is described as
2313:
2288:
2067:
2028:
1846:
1817:
1697:
1512:
1331:
1278:
1042:
972:
944:
878:
768:
530:), and the younger, a knight named Evrain the Cruel (
1319:
The Creation of the First Arthurian Romance: A Quest
3372:
3344:
3235:
3194:
3158:
2880:
2745:
2627:
1576:. Vol. 24. Boydell & Brewer. p. 124.
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
2567:. Boston: Ginn and Company for Harvard University.
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
536:). In LD, the captors are named Mabon and Irain.
594:, which admixes the story of (Arthurian) knight
213:The character's adventures were later retold in
1964:, pp. 117–118, or rather a dragon (winged
1559:
1557:
2387:. Translated by Donagher, Colleen B. Garland.
1884:
1882:
1741:
1739:
1696:"Blances Mains, la Pucele as", in Old French,
869:
867:
865:
825:
823:
2601:
1968:) which also approached and kissed Libeaus, "
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1334:, p. xix and endnote 29; p. xx 's endnote 33.
1227:at one time conjectured it may belong to the
1159:. New York: Peter Bedrick. pp. 100–102.
1017:. New York: Peter Bedrick. pp. 448–449.
1001:Busby, Keith (1996). "Renaut de Beaujeu". In
497:
8:
1856:
1850:
1849:, p. 406). Text: "acknowledged queen" (
1395:Claíomh Solais § The secret about women
1304:
897:, which have been used by Fresco in editing
895:Hystoire de Giglan et de Geoffroy de Maience
889:
887:
592:Hystoire de Giglan et de Geoffroy de Maience
562:
467:
106:
88:
80:
2276:
2053:
1891:"The Red Cross Knight and Lybeaus Desconus"
1812:
1620:, vv. 321–339; Blioblïeris named at v. 339.
1452:. Northwestern University. p. 21, n2.
1384:The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle
1046:
1009:; Ihle, Sandra Ness; Kalinke, Marianne E.;
909:
907:
558:
2608:
2594:
2586:
2225:
2213:
2201:
2176:
2071:
1961:
1931:
1873:
1800:
1779:
1721:
1655:
1639:
1572:. In Besamusca, Bart; et al. (eds.).
1058:
960:
836:, "Begete he was of Sir Gawain" v. 8; cf.
780:
2519:Designs by Caroline M. Watts. David Nutt.
2237:
2164:
2128:
2116:
2092:
2049:
1829:
1821:
1596:
1548:
1484:
1281:, p. xx 's endnote 33, on pp. xxxi–xxxii.
1187:
1121:
1104:
927:
833:
815:
2370:Li biaus descouneüs de Renaud de Beaujeu
1889:Broadus, Edmund Kemper (November 1903).
1377:, p. 191. The essay only names the
238:is arguably an adaptation from Renaut's
1992:. New York: Peter Bedrick. p. 81.
1570:, and its German and Dutch Transations"
804:
715:
713:
676:
338:, a youth appears at Arthur's court in
1151:, etc.) (1996). "Chestre, Thomas". In
1212:
1203:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
7:
2438:; Weill, Isabelle. Honoré Champion.
1374:
2367:(1860). Williams, G. Perrie (ed.).
2314:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
2289:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
2256:. Vol. I. BRILL. p. 410.
2068:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
2029:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
1847:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
1818:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
1698:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
1513:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
1332:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
1279:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
1043:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
973:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
945:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
879:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
769:Fresco ed. & Donager tr. (1992)
493:
1316:Probably Luttrell, Claude (1974).
1199:Livingston, Charles H. ed. (1932)
221:(third quarter of 13th century).
25:
2107:vv.189–198 and preceding passages
405:Maiden Blanches Mains at Ile d'Or
253:There is also the French romance
137:of the Maid of the White Hands, (
3457:
3445:
3433:
2383:(1992). Fresco, Karen L. (ed.).
1094:Medieval France: An Encyclopedia
346:In contrast, the Middle English
166:The Old French form is actually
2564:Studies on the Libeaus Desconus
2373:. Oxford: Fox, Jones, & Co.
1373:Including Arthurian literature
1231:cycle, but abandoned this view.
1041:There are 6266 lines, both in
913:v. 3128: "une wivre fors issir"
498:§ Messenger and enchanters
3405:King Arthur's messianic return
2512:Sir Cleges/Sir Libeas Desconus
2485:(1969). Mills, Maldwyn (ed.).
1515:index, "Fier Baissier" p. 408.
1425:. David Nutt. pp. 56–57.
1387:(cf. also the shared theme in
304:, and Emmanuel Philipot, with
1:
1446:Stromberg, Edward H. (1918).
559:§ Intervening adventures
455:In BI, the serpent or rather
366:Knighthood and main adventure
198:, a 6266 line French poem by
40:
27:Character in Arthurian legend
2302:The "Fair Unknown" in Malory
1820:, v. 3237). And even though
433:Demoiselles as Blances Mains
2507:Anon. and Renaud de Beaujeu
2333:(Editions and translations)
1957:A worm..wiþ a womannes face
1353:. OUP Oxford. p. 191.
839:Verzeichniss der Eigennamen
472:) of Wales, whose city is
415:La Pucelle as Blances Mains
320:had borrowed material from
250:share the same basic plot.
143:La Pucelle à Blanches Mains
3506:
3490:Knights of the Round Table
3400:Historicity of King Arthur
2475:. Leipzig: O. R. Reisland.
2027:vv. 3205–3243, and after,
1990:The Arthurian Encyclopedia
1745:Applied to Middle English
1603:as being of like opinion.
1157:The Arthurian Encyclopedia
1015:The Arthurian Encyclopedia
767:, "gracious countenance",
605:Gingalain also appears in
64:
56:
49:
3428:
2192:. The French Review. 1971
1511:vv. 192, 3206, 4997, cf.
2559:Schofield, William Henry
1564:Brandsma, Frank (2007).
508:Messenger and enchanters
3040:Lady/Ladies of the Lake
2357:. Paris: Auguste Aubry.
2143:vv. 3347 and preceding.
2020:
1970:
1956:
1668:
1663:
877:v. 3233 et passim, cf.
814:, normalized spelling,
764:
532:
527:
432:
414:
397:
380:
302:William Henry Schofield
296:. The view was held by
234:(LD, of 2232 lines) by
204:Bibliothèque du Château
168:
105:, etc.), also known as
3309:Land/Castle of Maidens
2582:at The Camelot Project
2580:The Fair Unknown motif
2062:. This corresponds to
2052:, p. 212, citing
1988:; et al. (eds.).
1857:
1851:
1417:Weston, Jessie Laidlay
1290:Fresco also discusses
1155:; et al. (eds.).
563:
540:Wedding of Bel Inconnu
468:
183:
142:
117:, is a character from
107:
100:
89:
81:
74:
44:
2250:Busby, Keith (2022).
2023:'v. 3237), etc., cf.
1895:Modern Language Notes
1832:, p. 52 and n1).
1147:); Noble, James (on
1088:Busby, Keith (1995) "
1049:ends with 6122 lines.
893:Claude Platin (1530)
494:§ Love interests
65:Sir Gyngalyn/Gingalin
39:of "Gringalais" (cf.
35:
3485:Arthurian characters
3075:Lynette and Lyonesse
2900:Angharad Golden-Hand
2722:Ambrosius Aurelianus
2056:, vv. 4903–4910, at
2004:; New edition 2013,
1938:, Lady of Synadowne
1307:, pp. xxxix–xl.
1171:; New edition 2013,
1029:; New edition 2013,
1011:Thompson, Raymond H.
687:, French text gives
442:
2533:Yale French Studies
2406:, Routledge, 2021,
2320:, vv. 7374, 5921-2/
2204:, pp. 121–122.
2167:, pp. 124–126.
1782:, pp. 120–123.
1679:; bridge of perill
1390:Arthur and Gorlagon
1305:Williams ed. (1915)
1143:Price, Jocelyn (on
857:Book IX, Chap. xiii
176:Li Biaus Descouneüs
170:Li Biaus Descouneüs
3464:History portal
3452:England portal
3420:Tristan and Iseult
3415:Knight of the Swan
3015:Guiron le Courtois
2975:Elaine of Corbenic
2905:Anguish of Ireland
2300:Wilson, Robert H.
2277:Hippeau ed. (1860)
2066:vv. 4995–5002, in
2054:Hippeau ed. (1860)
2031:, pp. 190–193
1954:, vv. 2095–2096: "
1813:Hippeau ed. (1860)
1393:and the folkloric
1047:Hippeau ed. (1860)
300:, Albert Mennung,
45:
3472:
3471:
3385:Battle of Camlann
3159:Animal characters
3115:Percival's sister
2965:Elaine of Astolat
2621:Matter of Britain
2517:Weston, Jessie L.
2365:Renaut de Beaujeu
2345:Renaut de Beaujeu
2279:, pp. ii–iv.
2226:Colby-Hall (1984)
2214:Colby-Hall (1984)
2202:Colby-Hall (1984)
2177:Colby-Hall (1984)
2072:Colby-Hall (1984)
1962:Kaluza ed. (1890)
1932:Kaluza ed. (1890)
1874:Colby-Hall (1984)
1826:Wendelin Foerster
1801:Colby-Hall (1984)
1780:Colby-Hall (1984)
1722:Colby-Hall (1984)
1658:, pp. 19ff:
1656:Kaluza ed. (1890)
1640:Weston tr. (1902)
1059:Perret ed. (2003)
961:Kaluza ed. (1890)
781:Kaluza ed. (1890)
671:Explanatory notes
641:La Cote Mal Taile
639:, and especially
612:Le Morte d'Arthur
273:, Middle English
261:cycle after all.
200:Renaut de Beaujeu
16:(Redirected from
3497:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3440:Wales portal
3438:
3437:
3436:
3299:Esplumoir Merlin
3105:Nine sorceresses
3085:Mark of Cornwall
2970:Elaine of Benoic
2882:Other characters
2767:Bors the Younger
2662:Elaine of Garlot
2610:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2568:
2552:
2520:
2500:
2476:
2456:
2449:
2434:. Translated by
2405:
2398:
2374:
2358:
2338:
2321:
2316:, pp. ix, x–xi;
2311:
2305:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2247:
2241:
2238:Schofield (1895)
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2165:Schofield (1895)
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2129:Schofield (1895)
2126:
2120:
2117:Schofield (1895)
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2093:Schofield (1895)
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2061:
2050:Schofield (1895)
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2021:Blancemal la Fee
2014:
2008:
2003:
1981:
1975:
1974:", vv. 2113–2115
1973:
1959:
1952:Libeaus Disconus
1949:
1943:
1928:Libeaus Disconus
1925:
1919:
1918:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1841:Blonde Esmeree,
1839:
1833:
1830:Schofield (1895)
1822:Schofield (1895)
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1764:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1671:
1664:chapell auntrous
1652:Libeaus Desconus
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1597:Schofield (1895)
1594:
1588:
1587:
1561:
1552:
1549:Schofield (1895)
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1485:Schofield (1895)
1482:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1413:
1398:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1243:Modern Philology
1238:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1188:Schofield (1895)
1184:
1175:
1170:
1140:
1125:
1122:Schofield (1895)
1119:
1108:
1105:Schofield (1895)
1102:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1028:
998:
979:
970:
964:
957:Libeaus Disconus
954:
948:
942:
931:
928:Schofield (1895)
925:
914:
911:
902:
891:
882:
871:
860:
859:
849:
843:
841:
834:Mills ed. (1969)
830:Libeaus Desconus
827:
818:
816:Mills ed. (1969)
812:Libeaus Desconus
809:
788:
785:Libeaus desconus
778:
772:
758:
752:
749:
743:
740:
734:
727:
721:
717:
708:
701:Libeaus desconus
681:
572:Libeaus desconus
566:
535:
471:
404:
400:
348:Libeaus Desconus
292:and the English
231:Libeaus Desconus
173:
155:Libeaus Desconus
123:medieval romance
119:Arthurian legend
115:The Fair Unknown
112:
94:
86:
67:
66:
59:
58:
52:
51:
21:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3496:
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3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3390:Dolorous Stroke
3380:Battle of Badon
3368:
3340:
3334:Tintagel Castle
3289:Chapel perilous
3267:Val sans retour
3255:Glastonbury Tor
3231:
3190:
3154:
3005:Green Knight(s)
2930:Black Knight(s)
2915:Balin and Balan
2876:
2748:
2741:
2727:Uther Pendragon
2623:
2614:
2576:
2571:
2557:
2541:10.2307/2929911
2535:(67): 120–134.
2530:
2505:
2497:
2481:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2436:Perret, Michèle
2426:Perret, Michèle
2420:
2401:
2395:
2379:
2363:
2343:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2131:, pp. 7–8.
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2057:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2015:
2011:
2000:
1986:Lacy, Norris J.
1983:
1982:
1978:
1950:
1946:
1926:
1922:
1907:10.2307/2917591
1888:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1865:
1840:
1836:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1767:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1415:
1414:
1401:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1270:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1223:
1219:
1215:, p.323 and n2.
1211:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1167:
1153:Lacy, Norris J.
1142:
1141:
1128:
1120:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1090:Gawain Romances
1087:
1083:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1061:, p. viii.
1057:
1053:
1040:
1036:
1025:
1003:Lacy, Norris J.
1000:
999:
982:
971:
967:
955:
951:
943:
934:
926:
917:
912:
905:
892:
885:
872:
863:
855:
850:
846:
837:
828:
821:
810:
806:
797:
792:
791:
779:
775:
759:
755:
750:
746:
741:
737:
728:
724:
718:
711:
682:
678:
673:
649:
627:'s affair with
588:
554:
542:
533:Evrains li Fier
517:lady-in-waiting
510:
486:
445:
407:
389:
387:Side-adventures
368:
332:
330:Secret identity
275:Libeas Desconus
267:
265:Plot comparison
215:Robert de Blois
192:
164:
41:§ Heraldry
37:Attributed arms
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3477:
3476:
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3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3227:Siege Perilous
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3181:Questing Beast
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Fisher King(s)
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Bors the Elder
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
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2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:Knights of the
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2574:External links
2572:
2570:
2569:
2554:
2553:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2483:Thomas Chestre
2478:
2477:
2463:Thomas Chestre
2458:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2431:Le Bel Inconnu
2422:Renaut de Bâgé
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2393:
2381:Renaut de Bâgé
2376:
2375:
2360:
2359:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2318:Le bel inconnu
2306:
2293:
2291:, p. xxv.
2281:
2269:
2262:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2216:, p. 123.
2206:
2194:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2153:Le Bel Inconnu
2145:
2141:Le Bel Inconnu
2133:
2121:
2109:
2105:Le Bel Inconnu
2097:
2095:, p. 213.
2085:
2076:
2064:Le Bel Inconnu
2042:
2033:
2025:Le Bel Inconnu
2009:
1998:
1976:
1944:
1920:
1901:(7): 202–204.
1878:
1876:, p. 121.
1863:
1843:Le Bel Inconnu
1834:
1805:
1793:
1784:
1765:
1753:. Busby names
1735:
1726:
1711:
1702:
1689:
1660:Middle English
1644:
1632:
1622:
1610:
1589:
1582:
1553:
1541:
1537:Le Bel Inconnu
1529:
1525:Le Bel Inconnu
1517:
1509:Le Bel Inconnu
1501:
1497:Le Bel Inconnu
1489:
1487:, p. 138.
1474:
1465:
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1438:
1431:
1399:
1366:
1359:
1336:
1324:
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1292:
1283:
1268:
1255:10.1086/388048
1249:(3): 323–325.
1233:
1217:
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1097:
1081:
1063:
1051:
1034:
1023:
1007:Ashe, Geoffrey
980:
965:
949:
932:
930:, p. 203.
915:
903:
883:
881:index, p. 409.
875:Le Bel Inconnu
861:
844:
819:
803:
802:
801:
796:
793:
790:
789:
773:
753:
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735:
731:Le Bel Inconnu
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490:baptismal name
485:
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452:of Carduino.
444:
443:Serpent's kiss
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310:Thomas Chestre
266:
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226:Middle English
196:Le Bel Inconnu
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184:Le Bel Inconnu
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109:Le Bel Inconnu
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3358:
3357:List of works
3355:
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3297:
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3290:
3287:
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3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
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3256:
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3146:
3143:
3141:
3140:Tegau Eurfron
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Red Knight(s)
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
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3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Lady Bertilak
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
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2800:
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2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Morgan le Fay
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
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2675:
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2670:
2668:
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2663:
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2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
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2635:
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2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
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2578:
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2573:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2496:9780197222645
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2445:2-7453-0734-7
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:0-8240-0698-4
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2346:
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2335:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2263:9789004488250
2259:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2243:
2240:, p. 52.
2239:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:Sturm, Sara.
2185:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1999:9781136606335
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:Erec et Enide
1752:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1642:, p. 27.
1641:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1601:Eugen Kölbing
1598:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1583:9781843841166
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1551:, p. 10.
1550:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1459:9780191016295
1455:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1432:9780827428201
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1360:9780191016295
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:Gray, Douglas
1340:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1166:9781136606335
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1024:9781136606335
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
981:
978:
974:
969:
966:
962:
958:
953:
950:
946:
941:
939:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
920:
916:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:Guingla(i)n,
870:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Morte Darthur
848:
845:
840:
835:
832:, vv. 7, 13
831:
826:
824:
820:
817:
813:
808:
805:
799:
798:
794:
786:
782:
777:
774:
770:
766:
765:biau sanblant
762:
757:
754:
748:
745:
739:
736:
732:
726:
723:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
680:
677:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
646:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:
608:
607:Thomas Malory
603:
601:
597:
593:
585:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
565:
560:
552:Dilemma or no
551:
549:
545:
539:
537:
534:
529:
525:
520:
518:
513:
507:
505:
501:
499:
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
465:
462:
458:
453:
451:
440:
436:
434:
430:
425:
423:
418:
416:
412:
402:
399:
398:Gue Perilleus
393:
386:
384:
382:
381:Fier Baissier
378:
372:
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
341:
337:
329:
327:
325:
324:
323:Erec et Enide
319:
314:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:
227:
222:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
189:
187:
185:
181:
177:
172:
171:
161:
159:
157:
156:
151:
146:
144:
140:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
110:
104:
103:
98:
93:
92:
85:
84:
78:
77:
72:
68:
60:
53:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
3395:Loathly lady
3352:Bibliography
3186:Twrch Trwyth
2935:Blanchefleur
2686:
2563:
2532:
2511:
2486:
2471:
2430:
2384:
2369:
2353:
2327:Bibliography
2317:
2309:
2304:. PMLA. 1943
2301:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2252:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2124:
2119:, p. 9.
2112:
2104:
2100:
2088:
2079:
2063:
2045:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1989:
1979:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1898:
1894:
1855:), Snowdon (
1842:
1837:
1828:'s reading (
1808:
1796:
1787:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1729:
1705:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1651:
1647:
1635:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1592:
1573:
1567:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1468:
1448:
1441:
1421:
1388:
1382:
1379:Green Knight
1369:
1349:
1339:
1327:
1317:
1312:
1286:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1225:Gaston Paris
1220:
1213:Nitze (1933)
1208:
1200:
1195:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1124:, p. 2.
1107:, p. 1.
1100:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1054:
1037:
1014:
968:
956:
952:
898:
894:
874:
852:
847:
829:
811:
807:
784:
776:
756:
747:
738:
730:
725:
700:
692:
688:
684:
679:
650:
610:
604:
591:
589:
580:dame d'amour
579:
575:
571:
569:
564:bel sanblant
555:
546:
543:
521:
514:
511:
502:
487:
477:
456:
454:
449:
446:
437:
426:
421:
419:
408:
394:
390:
373:
369:
351:
347:
345:
335:
333:
321:
317:
315:
298:Gaston Paris
293:
289:
287:
282:
281:(Car.), and
278:
274:
270:
268:
258:
254:
252:
247:
243:
239:
229:
223:
218:
212:
195:
193:
175:
169:
165:
162:Nomenclature
153:
147:
135:
133:Blanchemal.
114:
108:
101:
90:
82:
75:
62:
54:
47:
46:
29:
3304:Joyous Gard
3262:Brocéliande
3222:Round Table
3050:Leodegrance
3020:Gwenhwyfach
2749:Round Table
2647:Constantine
2617:King Arthur
2467:Kaluza, Max
2349:Hippeau, C.
1930:, v. 1512,
1761:recreantise
1687:., v. 306).
1618:Bel Inconnu
1539:vv. 228–232
1527:vv. 184–227
1375:Gray (2015)
1229:Bel Inconnu
1149:Sir Launval
899:Bel Inconnu
685:Bel Inconnu
598:known from
586:Other works
576:recreantise
570:As for the
448:the second
422:recreantise
356:Glastonbury
336:Bel Inconnu
290:Bel Inconnu
271:Bel Inconnu
259:Bel Inconnu
246:and German
240:Bel Inconnu
210:, MS. 472.
208:Musée Condé
3479:Categories
3207:Holy Grail
3176:Petitcrieu
2757:Bagdemagus
2412:1000164020
2017:Old French
1733:vv. 2204ff
1669:castell au
1605:Max Kaluza
1076:arlima.net
795:References
771:, v. 5255.
761:Old French
707:or dragon.
524:Old French
484:Revelation
429:Old French
411:Old French
377:Old French
362:) in Wig.
306:Max Kaluza
127:Sir Gawain
3410:Pendragon
3202:Excalibur
3171:Gringolet
3145:Vortigern
3080:Maleagant
3055:Lohengrin
2950:Brunor(s)
2945:Brangaine
2867:Sagramore
2857:Pellinore
2847:Palamedes
2692:Guinevere
2687:Gingalain
2525:(Studies)
2424:(2003) .
2155:vv. 3368.
2006:pp. 71–72
1499:vv. 82–89
1173:pp. 84–85
959:, v. 83,
800:Citations
625:Guinevere
602:romance.
600:Provençal
219:Beausdous
76:Guinglain
57:Gingelein
50:Gingalain
18:Guinglain
3345:In media
3329:Tintagel
3319:Lyonesse
3294:Corbenic
3284:Celliwig
3274:Caerleon
3135:Taliesin
3090:Meliodas
3025:Hellawes
2985:Feirefiz
2955:Catigern
2895:Agrestes
2862:Percival
2827:Lancelot
2807:Galehaut
2762:Bedivere
2717:Morgause
2637:Agravain
2619:and the
2561:(1895).
2509:(1902).
2465:(1890).
2347:(1860).
1858:Senaudon
1683:., vale
1574:Brandsma
1568:Lancelot
1419:(1897).
1347:(2015).
1013:(eds.).
851:Malory,
842:, p. 226
695:, ie., ≈
647:Heraldry
637:Percival
629:Lancelot
621:Agravain
478:Carduino
360:Carlisle
340:Caerleon
283:Wigalois
279:Carduino
255:Gliglois
248:Wigalois
244:Carduino
228:version
178:(modern
129:and the
102:Wigalois
83:Guinglan
3279:Camelot
3245:Astolat
3217:Prydwen
3212:Pridwen
3195:Objects
3100:Nentres
3045:Laudine
3030:Hengist
3010:Guiomar
3000:Gorlois
2960:Claudas
2910:Annowre
2890:Accolon
2872:Tristan
2852:Pelleas
2842:Moriaen
2822:Lamorak
2817:Griflet
2812:Geraint
2802:Galahad
2797:Dinadan
2787:Dagonet
2782:Caradoc
2707:Mordred
2697:Igraine
2672:Gaheris
2652:Culhwch
2549:2929911
2469:(ed.).
2428:(ed.).
2403:Reprint
2351:(ed.).
2040:v. 3205
1915:2917591
1791:v. 319.
1709:v. 2192
1145:Libeaus
623:expose
617:Mordred
474:Snowdon
450:cantare
352:enfance
294:Libeaus
91:Giglan
3373:Topics
3362:comics
3324:Sarras
3314:Logres
3250:Avalon
3237:Places
3166:Cavall
3130:Sebile
3125:Rience
3095:Merlin
3070:Lunete
3065:Lucius
3035:Iseult
2837:Lionel
2832:Lanval
2792:Daniel
2777:Cligès
2772:Brunor
2682:Gawain
2677:Gareth
2629:Family
2547:
2493:
2442:
2410:
2391:
2260:
2059:p. 174
1996:
1913:
1666:(var.
1580:
1456:
1429:
1357:
1263:434453
1261:
1163:
1031:p. 380
1021:
697:wyvern
693:guivre
657:ermine
633:Gareth
596:Jaufre
528:Mabons
464:wyvern
457:guivre
180:French
139:French
97:German
71:French
43:below)
3150:Yniol
3110:Olwen
2995:Garel
2980:Enide
2737:Yvain
2732:Urien
2657:Ector
2642:Cador
2545:JSTOR
1911:JSTOR
1852:roïne
1259:JSTOR
1092:" in
977:p. xi
699:. In
689:wivre
665:azure
661:field
469:roïne
316:That
190:Works
113:, or
2667:Hoel
2491:ISBN
2440:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2389:ISBN
2258:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1966:worm
1578:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1186:Cf.
1161:ISBN
1019:ISBN
705:worm
653:lion
619:and
461:cog.
3060:Lot
2920:Ban
2702:Kay
2537:doi
1960:",
1903:doi
1251:doi
691:or
683:In
663:of
659:on
655:of
609:'s
582:).
500:).
334:In
217:'s
152:as
131:fay
61:or
3481::
2543:.
2455:LD
2337:BI
2019::
1940:AP
1909:.
1899:18
1897:.
1893:.
1881:^
1866:^
1768:^
1763:".
1751:BI
1747:LD
1738:^
1714:^
1662::
1654:,
1556:^
1477:^
1402:^
1397:).
1295:^
1271:^
1257:.
1247:30
1245:.
1179:^
1129:^
1112:^
1074:.
1005:;
983:^
975:,
935:^
918:^
906:^
886:^
864:^
822:^
763::
712:^
643:.
635:,
526::
431::
413::
379::
318:BI
277:,
182::
158:.
141::
99::
95:,
87:,
79:,
73::
2609:e
2602:t
2595:v
2551:.
2539::
2499:.
2448:.
2397:.
2266:.
2002:.
1942:.
1936:I
1917:.
1905::
1816:(
1685:C
1681:P
1677:I
1673:C
1586:.
1462:.
1435:.
1363:.
1322:.
1265:.
1253::
1169:.
1078:.
1027:.
733:.
459:(
375:(
206:/
69:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
