190:, Brazil. He held several chairs: head and director of several seminars at the ENAH (1962-1969) and Technical Advisor of the Ethnology career (1967-1968); in those same years he was also a professor at the School of Anthropology and at the Graduate School of the Universidad Iberoamericana. He served in the Division of Higher Studies of the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the UNAM, and was advisor of Anthropology of the Division of Higher Studies of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the UNAM (1971-1972). He also was professor at the ENAH with the Interethnic Relations course (1977-1978), of the Master's Course at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO) (1978)
435:
that have their origins in
Mesoamerican civilization and that have been forged here in Mexico through a long and complicated historical process. The contemporary expressions of that civilization are quite diverse: from those indigenous peoples who have been able to conserve an internally cohesive culture of their own, to a multitude of isolated traits distributed in different ways in urban populations. The civilization of Mesoamerica has been denied but it is essential to recognize its continuing presence.
25:
183:(1958-1959), carried out anthropology work at the National Institute of Nutrition , Mexico (1960-1963), worked as an anthropologist in the Department of Anthropological Research of the INAH (1962-1968), and was interim head of the Sub-regional Office for Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean of the Latin American Center for Research in Social Sciences (1965-1966).
458:
domination of these social groups emerged from "the stratified order of colonial society" and has expressed itself in the centuries since through upholding "an ideology that conceives of the future only in terms of development, progress, advancement, and the
Revolution itself, all concepts within the mainstream of Western civilization."
325:. Bonfil Batalla believed that the project of constructing a singular popular culture occurs at the expense of excluding indigenous cultures and other minority groups in Mexico. This exclusion and suppression of indigeneity in the country led Bonfil Batalla to observe that there were political mobilizations that called for increased
139:
For Bonfil
Batalla, ethnological research was inextricably linked to the transformation of social reality. He was co-founder of the INAH Center for Higher Research, today the Center for Research and Higher Studies in Social Anthropology. In his honor the library of the National School of Anthropology
470:
and its inherent connections to
Mesoamerican civilization while disseminating ideologies upholding the "Imaginary Mexico" and Westernization. This was historically carried about by various genocidal means, such as the complete obliteration of entire groups of Indigenous people as well as, "where the
465:
and the "Imaginary Mexico" are not merely two different alternatives "within the framework of a common civilization," but rather are two entirely different paradigms "which are built on different ways of conceiving the world, nature, society, and humankind." Any attempt at "unification" of these two
434:
is formed by a great diversity of peoples, communities, and social sectors that constitute the majority of the population of the country. What unifies them and distinguishes them from the rest of
Mexican society is that they are bearers of ways of understanding the world and of organizing human life
448:
is the embodiment of the
Imaginary Mexico, as Indigenous cultures are experienced in his everyday life from the philosophical, to the ontological, and fundamentally the spiritual realms of his being yet he assumes a non-Indigenous identity. It draws inspiration from distant lands with dissimilar
452:
Throughout the past 500 years of history, these two
Mexicos have existed in a state of ongoing confrontation. At one pole are those that align with the "Imaginary Mexico" ideology and seek to direct the country to a Western civilization program. While, at the other pole, exist those who exhibit
474:
For Bonfil
Batalla, indigenous cultures have, in many ways, such an omnipresent and continuous presence in Mexico that rarely are they seen for their deep and complex meanings in the scheme of historical processes that made possible their presence in social sectors that assume a non-indigenous
457:
ancestries, whether through silent resistance or open revolt. Bonfil
Batalla asserted that this resistance can be attributed to the fact that "certain social groups have illegitimately held political, economic, and ideological power from the European invasion to the present." The illegitimate
251:
He carried out field research work related to problems of nutrition, housing, religious organization, trade, identity, interethnic relations and economic development in rural communities and indigenous areas in
Cholula, Puebla, and in the Cuautla-Amecameca-Chalco region, among others.
418:
by mainstream Mexican society, Mesoamerican civilization has been detached from the identity of Mexicans as "something apart from ourselves, something that happened long ago in the same place where we, the Mexicans, live today. The only connection is based on the fact of
441:
The other Mexico is named the "Imaginary Mexico." It is referred to as "imaginary" because it does not actually exist, but rather has functioned as a national project of constructing a unified or "imagined" homogeneous Mexican identity. According to Bonfil Batalla, the
136:(INAH), General Director of Popular Cultures. He founded the National Museum of Popular Cultures. At the time of his death, he served as national coordinator of the Seminar for Cultural Studies of the National Council for Culture and the Arts (Conaculta).
471:
labor force of the Indians was required," their social and cultural segregation. This segregation meant that some Indigenous groups were able to retain continuity despite "the brutal decline in population during the first decades of the invasion."
236:
or SEP). He was part of the Mexican Society of Anthropology and the Academy of Scientific Research (Mexico), the Latin American Council of Social Sciences and the Mexican Council of Social Sciences. In 1980, he participated in the fourth
336:
As an extension of the desire to recreate national cultural institutions, during his time as the director of the INAH Bonfil Batalla promoted the renovation of the museum system by encouraging direct participation with
216:
248:
He was part of the Mexican Society of Anthropology and the Academy of Scientific Research (Mexico), the Latin American Council of Social Sciences and the Mexican Council of Social Sciences.
449:
cultures distinct from any ‘real’ or ‘profound’ Mexican culture. The ultimate project of "Imaginary Mexico" is to uphold the dominant civilizational program geared towards Westernization.
479:. Bonfil Batalla believed that the role of indigenous peoples is so definitive in the ways it shapes Mexican culture, and will play an important role in shaping a new Mexican society.
193:
He was director of the National Institute of Anthropology and History from 1972 to 1976 and of the INAH Center for Higher Research (1976-1980) and was the founder and director of the
475:
identity. This is the result of the symbolic process of constructing the Imaginary Mexico, that works to deny and conceal Indigeneity and permanently confront the reality of
387:
In this book, he explores the permanence and resilience of non-colonial cultures which colonialism sought to eradicate in Mexico as well as the concept and effects of
133:
498:"into national consciousness," as Bonfil Batalla's conceptualization was "brought to life for millions of television viewers in Mexico and throughout the world."
158:
321:. His writing and political works often denounced Mexican discourse, politics, and national institutions that attempted to construct a homogeneous national and
391:, which he refers to as "de-Indianization." Bonfil Batalla demonstrates the existence of two different symbolic Mexicos resulting from colonial intrusions and
273:
149:
264:
42:
225:
164:
634:
487:
345:
communities. He continued this work through the development of the National Museum of Popular Culture. Bonfil Batalla's efforts to create a
203:
187:
414:
has permanently existed despite mainstream and nationalistic efforts in Mexico to conceal and erase its presence. Through the denial of
89:
61:
593:
560:
108:
333:. He called on national institutions to respond to this demand through the creation and renovation of the institutions themselves.
644:
194:
68:
242:
186:
In the late 1970s, he was a visiting professor at the graduate program in Social Anthropology and the National Museum at the
46:
639:
410:
that reveals itself to national society in a variety of ways and forms together with contemporary Indigenous communities.
75:
318:
306:
167:(UNAM) in 1967 with the thesis "Modernization and traditionalism. Dialectics of Development in Cholula de Rivadavia".
57:
211:
from 1982 to 1985. He was also the co-founder of the Center for Research and Higher Studies in Social Anthropology (
35:
255:
In the last two years of his life, he worked as the coordinator of the Seminars on the Study of Culture (
301:, specifically the ways social realities change. Bonfil Batalla worked with other intellectuals such as
483:
82:
310:
302:
330:
552:
589:
556:
392:
362:
358:
241:
on the Rights of the Indians of the Americas, held in Rotterdam. In 1986, he was bestowed the
175:
He served as head of the Urban Social Welfare Center of the SSA (1957), published the journal
585:
577:
263:
and assumed a position as the director of the Directorate General of Popular Cultures in the
399:
380:
354:
314:
282:
268:
256:
238:
229:
212:
198:
153:
388:
322:
361:
power dynamics. Bonfil Batalla believed in the potential for the museum space to foster
611:
545:
129:
628:
521:
466:
opposing frameworks has only been historically characterized by the pursuit to erase
298:
532:: 115–136 – via Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe.
454:
407:
350:
278:
208:
124:(July 29, 1935 - July 19, 1991) was a Mexican writer who was also trained as an
24:
342:
338:
353:
methods was based on his belief that museums were in a generalized crisis of
522:"Guillermo Bonfil Batalla. Aportaciones al Pensamiento Social Contemporáneo"
326:
294:
125:
357:. The museum space, according to Bonfil Batalla, produced and reinforced
491:
444:
551:. Translated by Dennis, Philip A. University of Texas Press. pp.
346:
218:
Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social
365:
and encourage different ways of conceptualizing political action.
482:
In the 1996 English version of Bonfil Batalla's work, translator
427:
occupying the same territory, but in different time periods."
18:
224:
He was head of the Directorate of Popular Cultures of the
163:(ENAH) in 1957. He received his doctorate from the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
610:
544:
375:One of Bonfil Batalla’s most notable works is
289:Contributions to Mexican cultural institutions
177:Problems of Agriculture and Industry of Mexico
134:National Institute of Anthropology and History
582:The Mexico Reader: History, Culture, Politics
385:El México Profundo, una civilización negada).
8:
274:Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes
150:National School of Anthropology and History
547:Mexico Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization
377:México Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization
370:México Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization
159:Escuela Nacional de Antropoloía e Historia
313:, in an attempt to promote pluri-ethnic,
265:National Council for Culture and the Arts
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
165:National Autonomous University of Mexico
520:Peréz Ruiz, Maya Lorena (Summer 2013).
507:
317:, and popular cultural politics in the
226:Mexican Secretariat of Public Education
277:). He died July 19, 1991, aged 55 in
261:Seminario de Estudios sobre Cultura),
7:
515:
513:
511:
297:research was inextricably linked to
204:Museo Nacional de Culturas Populares
188:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
47:adding citations to reliable sources
349:as an anti-hegemonic space through
609:Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo (1996).
576:Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo (2003).
543:Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo (1996).
488:Zapatista National Liberation Army
195:National Museum of Popular Culture
16:Mexican anthropologist (1935–1991)
14:
578:"The Problem of National Culture"
406:), defined by the persistence of
398:The first México is deep Mexico (
23:
584:. Duke University Press Books:
234:Secretaría de Educación Pública
34:needs additional citations for
1:
453:resistance tactics rooted in
635:20th-century Mexican writers
140:and History bears his name.
148:He graduated from Mexico's
661:
494:as an event which brought
58:"Guillermo Bonfil Batalla"
408:Mesoamerican civilization
132:. He was director of the
122:Guillermo Bonfil Batalla
645:Mexican anthropologists
243:Palms of Academic Merit
439:
307:Néstor García Canclini
429:
363:popular mobilizations
640:Mexican ethnologists
617:. pp. xii–xiii.
293:For Bonfil Batalla,
43:improve this article
490:(EZLN) uprising in
303:Rodolfo Stavenhagen
179:, was co-editor of
171:Professional career
331:cultural plurality
319:Mexican government
305:, Lourdes Arizpe,
181:Problems of Mexico
119:
118:
111:
93:
652:
619:
618:
616:
606:
600:
599:
573:
567:
566:
550:
540:
534:
533:
517:
484:Philip A. Dennis
355:cultural elitism
311:Carlos Monsiváis
283:Distrito Federal
239:Russell Tribunal
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
660:
659:
655:
654:
653:
651:
650:
649:
625:
624:
623:
622:
613:México Profundo
608:
607:
603:
596:
575:
574:
570:
563:
542:
541:
537:
519:
518:
509:
504:
496:México Profundo
477:México Profundo
468:México Profundo
463:México Profundo
432:México Profundo
416:México Profundo
412:México Profundo
404:México Profundo
389:detribalization
373:
323:popular culture
291:
173:
146:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
658:
656:
648:
647:
642:
637:
627:
626:
621:
620:
601:
594:
568:
561:
535:
506:
505:
503:
500:
372:
367:
290:
287:
172:
169:
145:
142:
130:anthropologist
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
657:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
630:
615:
614:
605:
602:
597:
595:9780822330424
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
569:
564:
562:9780292708433
558:
554:
549:
548:
539:
536:
531:
527:
523:
516:
514:
512:
508:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
472:
469:
464:
459:
456:
450:
447:
446:
438:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
371:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:pluricultural
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
249:
246:
244:
240:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
219:
214:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
191:
189:
184:
182:
178:
170:
168:
166:
162:
160:
155:
151:
143:
141:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
612:
604:
581:
571:
546:
538:
529:
525:
495:
481:
476:
473:
467:
462:
460:
455:Mesoamerican
451:
443:
440:
436:
431:
430:
424:
420:
415:
411:
403:
397:
384:
376:
374:
369:
351:ethnographic
335:
299:anthropology
295:ethnological
292:
272:
260:
254:
250:
247:
233:
223:
217:
202:
192:
185:
180:
176:
174:
157:
147:
138:
121:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
245:in France.
209:Mexico City
126:ethnologist
629:Categories
502:References
486:cites the
285:, Mexico.
69:newspapers
526:Cuicuilco
461:As such,
359:hegemonic
327:democracy
281:Borough,
144:Education
99:June 2023
393:hegemony
279:Coyoacán
492:Chiapas
445:mestizo
400:Spanish
381:Spanish
269:Spanish
257:Spanish
230:Spanish
213:Spanish
199:Spanish
154:Spanish
83:scholar
592:
559:
347:museum
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
586:28-29
343:urban
339:rural
207:) in
90:JSTOR
76:books
590:ISBN
557:ISBN
555:-3.
423:and
421:them
341:and
329:and
309:and
128:and
62:news
221:).
45:by
631::
588:.
580:.
530:20
528:.
524:.
510:^
425:us
402::
395:.
383::
271::
259::
232::
215::
201::
156::
598:.
565:.
553:1
379:(
267:(
228:(
197:(
161:)
152:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
