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366:. Stompboxes are used in both live performance and studio recording. Rackmount devices saw a heavy usage during the later 20th century, due to their superior processing power and desirable tones as compared to pedal-style units. However, by the 21st century, with the advent of digital plugins and more powerful stompboxes for live usage, the use of rack-mounted effect units has declined. An effects unit can consist of
2635:
1027:
1876:
1348:
2551:, while more sophisticated and expensive devices offer a range of interval alterations. A pitch shifter can be used by an electric guitarist to play notes that would normally only be available on an electric bass. As well, a bass player with a four string electric bass can use an octave pedal to obtain low notes that would normally only be obtainable with a five-string bass with a low "B" string.
3281:
1277:
277:
3106:
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included multiple onboard trigger switch effects, such as HPF (high pass filter) for enhancing harmonics and producing feedback effects, and LPF (low pass filter), producing a bass boost with a cello sound on heavy gauge strings. Later EBow models, such as the plus Ebow, contain a mode slide switch on the back, which allows the player to either produce just sustain or
2795:
7797:
7059:
2514:
846:
1622:-based volume pedals are used by electric instrument players (guitar, bass, keyboards) to adjust the volume of their instrument with one foot while their hands are being used to play their instrument. Treadle-style volume pedals are often also used to create swelling effects by removing the attack of a note or chord, as popularised by
7823:
578:
1137:
2907:
2890:
and unusual sounds not possible through regular playing techniques. Guitar feedback effects can be difficult to perform, because it is difficult to determine the sound volume and guitar position relative to a guitar amp's loudspeaker necessary for achieving the desired feedback sound. Guitar feedback
426:
that indicates if the effect is on. A typical distortion or overdrive pedal's three potentiometers, for example, control the level or intensity of the distortion effect, the tone of the effected signal and the output level of the effected signal. Depending on the type of pedal, the potentiometers may
2811:
such as a hall or room). This is done by creating a large number of echoes that gradually fade away in volume or "decay". One early technique for creating a reverb effect was to send an amplified signal of the music via a speaker to another room with reflective surfaces, such as a tile bathroom, and
643:
situations. Musicians may use them in place of stompboxes, as use of a rack can offer space for conveniently mounting additional rackmount equipment or accessories. Rackmounted effects units are typically mounted in a rack, which may be housed within a road case, a durable case with removable access
4360:
Black country bluesmen made raw, heavily amplified boogie records of their own, especially in
Memphis, where guitarists like Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson (with the early Howlin' Wolf band) and Pat Hare (with Little Junior Parker) played driving rhythms and scorching, distorted solos that might be
3291:
Boutique pedals are designed by smaller, independent companies and are typically produced in limited quantities. Some may even be hand-made, with hand-soldered connections. These pedals are mainly distributed online or through mail-order, or sold in a few music stores. They are often more expensive
667:
combinations of different effects, allowing musicians quick on-stage access to different effects combinations. Multi-effects units typically have a range of distortion, chorus, flanger, phaser, delay, looper and reverb effects. Pedal-style multi-effects range from fairly inexpensive stompboxes that
3416:
devices deliver a voltage of the proper level and characteristics to enable equipment to function properly (e.g., by providing transient impulse protection). A rackmounted wireless receiver unit is used to enable a guitarist or bassist to move around on stage without being connected to a cable. A
1939:
or, more generally, envelope filter effects: A filter effect that is controlled by the volume of the input signal. The most common filter type used for this effect pedal is the low-pass filter, although many designs include a toggle for band-pass or high-pass filters as well. Additionally, some
816:
released the Model 601 Tremolo
Control, the first commercially available stand-alone effects unit. This device produced a tremolo by passing an instrument's electrical signal through a water-based electrolytic fluid. Most stand-alone effects of the 1950s and early 1960s such as the Gibson GA-VI
2937:
Other handheld and mounted guitar and bass resonators have been on the market since the early 1990s, produced in
Germany under the SRG brand, which ceased production in 2016, and were available in both monophonic (one string at a time) and polyphonic (multiple strings at a time) models, which
4316:
His first venture, the
Phillips label, issued only one known release, and it was one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded, "Boogie in the Park" by Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis, who cranked his guitar while sitting and banging at a rudimentary drum
2925:
of Heet Sound
Products, of Los Angeles, California, for a small, handheld, battery-powered resonator. The Ebow was invented by Greg Heet, as a way to make a note on an electric guitar string resonate continuously, creating an effect that sounds similar to a bowed violin note or a sustained
3371:
so that the effect's circuitry is no longer in the signal path, substituting higher-quality components, replacing the unit's original operational amplifiers (op-amps), or adding functions to the device, such as allowing additional control of some factor or adding another output jack.
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and violinists when they are prolonging a single note. Vibrato effects often allow the performer to control the rate of the variation as well as the difference in pitch (e.g. "depth"). A vibrato with an extreme "depth" setting (e.g., half a semitone or more) will produce a dramatic,
644:
panels that protect the equipment within during transportation. Because of this, rackmount effect units are not always designed with durable protective features such as corner protectors which are used on stompboxes and amps that are designed to be transported as standalone units.
624:
identical to a stompbox's, although its circuits are typically more complex. Unlike stompboxes, rackmounts usually have several different types of effects. Rackmount effects units are controlled by knobs, switches or buttons on their front panel, and often remote-controllable by a
2108:, in general electronics, means the altering of one signal based on another. In audio effects, modulation is a control feature that varies the strength or other attribute of the effect over time to alter tonal properties. Some modulation effects modulate an instrument's
3102:: Bitcrushers rely on conversion of the audio signal into a digital format (ADC) and the reduction of sound fidelity by utilising bit (and sometimes sample) rates low enough to cause significant colouration and filtering within the audible frequency range.
3436:
may have switch pedals for turning built-in reverb and distortion effects on and off; the pedals contain only a switch, with the circuitry for the effect being housed in the amplifier chassis. Some musicians who use rackmounted effects or laptops employ a
403:
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effect is a button or switch to turn it on or off, or a single knob. In contrast, a pedal or rackmounted unit would typically provide ratio, threshold and attack controls or other options to allow the user additional control over the compression.
731:
effects, and sometimes reverb. The Fender
Bandmaster Reverb amp, for example, had built-in reverb and vibrato. Built-in effects may offer the user less control than standalone pedals or rackmounted units. For example, on some lower- to mid-priced
3047:, a software program and effect unit which can be used to both correct pitch (it moves a pitch to the nearest semitone), and add vocal effects. Some stompbox-style vocal pedals contain multiple effects, such as reverb and pitch correction.
974:'s "Cotton Crop Blues"), creating "a grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound," accomplished by turning the volume knob on his amplifier "all the way to the right until the speaker was screaming." Link Wray's 1958 recording "
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413:
Stompboxes are small plastic or metal chassis that usually lie on the floor or in a pedalboard to be operated by the user's feet. Pedals are often rectangle-shaped, but there are a range of other shapes (e.g., the circular
668:
contain two pedals and a few knobs to control the effects to large, expensive floor units with many pedals and knobs. Rack-mounted multi-effects units may be mounted in the same rack as preamplifiers and power amplifiers.
431:, for example, the knobs may control the depth and speed of the effect. Complex stompboxes may have multiple footswitches, many knobs, additional switches or buttons that are operated with the fingers, and an alphanumeric
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than mass-produced pedals and offer higher-quality components, innovative designs, in-house-made knobs, and hand-painted artwork or etching. Some boutique companies focus on re-creating classic or vintage effects.
2934:– inductive string driver – feedback circuit, including a sensor coil, driver coil, and amplifier, to induce forced string resonance. The Ebow brand resonator is monophonic, and drives only one string at a time.
1046:, allowing for much more compact formats and greater stability. The first transistorized guitar effect was the 1962 Maestro Fuzz Tone pedal, which became a sensation after its use in the 1965 Rolling Stones hit "
3138:
but is used with a variety of instruments as well as vocals. The
Hammond/Leslie combination has become an element in many genres of music. The Leslie Speaker and the Hammond Organ brands are currently owned by
2947:
are often also marketed as "sustainer pedals". As a note is sustained, it loses energy and volume due to diminishing vibration in the string. The compressor pedal boosts its electrical signal to the specified
3408:. Stompbox-format tuner pedals route the electric signal for the instrument through the unit via a 1/4" patch cable. These pedal-style tuners usually have an output so that the signal can be plugged into a
2942:
feedback in addition to sustain. Pedals such as the Boss DF-2 and FB-2 use an internally generated signal matched to the pitch of the guitar that can be sustained indefinitely by depressing the pedal. Many
1812:
with movements of the mouth. The modified sound is then picked up by a microphone. In this way, the guitarist is able create the effect that the guitar is talking. Some famous uses of the talkbox include
3167:. The Kaoss Pad's touchpad can be used to control its internal effects engine, which can be applied to a line-in signal or to samples recorded from the line-in. Effects types include pitch shifting,
2952:, slightly prolonging the duration of the note. This, combined with heavy distortion and the close proximity of the guitar and the speaker cabinet, can lead to infinite sustain at higher volumes.
522:
signal that continues on to other effects down the chain. In this way, a musician can combine effects within a chain in a variety of ways without having to reconnect boxes during a performance. A
585:. These road cases have the front protective panels removed so the units can be operated. The protective panels are put back on and latched shut to protect the effects during transportation.
2871:
is almost always avoided. However, in some styles of rock music, electric guitar players intentionally create feedback by playing their instrument directly in front of a heavily amplified,
354:. When rackmounted effects are mounted in a roadcase, this also speeds up a musician's set-up and tear-down time, because all of the effects can be connected together inside the rack case.
2722:
to the original signal at a slight time-delay. The effect can either be a single echo called a "slap" or "slapback", or multiple echos. A well-known use of delay is the lead guitar in the
723:
tend to only have built-in reverb. Some acoustic instrument amplifiers have reverb, chorus, compression and equalization (bass and treble) effects. Vintage guitar amps typically have
530:
lets the musician create multiple effect chains, so they can select one or several chains by tapping a single switch. The switches are usually organized in a row or a simple grid.
1491:(also called bass overdrive) is a style of playing the electric bass that produces a buzzy, overdriven sound via a tube or transistor amp or by using a fuzz or overdrive pedal.
2791:. High-end boutique tape loop effects are still used by some studio producers who want a vintage sound. Digital loop effects recreate this effect using an electronic memory.
663:
A multi-effects (MFX) device is a single electronics effects pedal or rackmount device that contains many different electronic effects. multi-effects devices allow users to
2783:
over the chords. Some units allow a performer to layer multiple loops, enabling the performer to create the effect of a full band. The first loop effects were created with
7725:
5226:
1061:, which Jimi Hendrix named "Octavio". Upon first hearing the Octavia, Hendrix reportedly rushed back to the studio and immediately used it to record the guitar solos on "
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can produce, in which a note or chord starts very softly and then grows in volume. Treadle-based volume pedals do not usually have batteries or require external power.
6240:
2558:
based on the original pitch, or even with some pedals, three note harmony. Some hamonizers are able to create chorus-like effects by adding very tiny shifts in pitch.
5519:
1770:
use highly sophisticated equalizers to eliminate unwanted sounds, make an instrument or voice more prominent, and enhance particular aspects of an instrument's tone.
1421:
tube-like distortion by compressing the waveform without completely flattening it. Much like guitar tube amplifiers, overdrive effects units are capable of producing
3268:
and the amp or PA system. Bass preamps also allow for the gain of the signal to be boosted or cut. Some models also offer equalization controls, a compressor, and a
3417:
footswitch pedal such as the "A/B" pedal routes a guitar signal to an amplifier or enables a performer to switch between two guitars, or between two amplifiers.
2378:: A tremolo effect produces a slight, rapid variation in the volume of a note or chord. The "tremolo effect" should not be confused with the misleadingly-named
4746:
3351:
for modifying or "modding" effects. Typically, vendors provide either custom modification services or sell new effects pedals they have already modified. The
5955:
7715:
2689:
339:, to reduce set-up and tear-down time and, for pedalboards with lids, protect the pedals during transportation. When a musician has multiple effects in a
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1804:: A talk box directs the sound from an electric guitar or synthesizer into the mouth of a performer using a tube, allowing the sound to be shaped into
597:
HE3000 Ultra-Harmonizer pictured here displays the entire name of an effect or setting, which helps users to find their preferred settings and effects.
7130:
7039:
2082:
825:. The original stand-alone units were not especially in-demand as many effects came built into amplifiers. The first popular stand-alone was the 1958
610:
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5672:
2116:. Other modulation effects split an instrument's audio signal in two, altering one portion of the signal and mixing it with the unaltered portion.
2039:
1487:", with a fuzz effect featured prominently on the main electric guitar riff played by Keith Richards, greatly popularized the use of fuzz effects.
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Effects and effects units—stompboxes in particular—have been celebrated by pop and rock musicians in album titles, songs and band names. The
783:
include an overdrive effect. Occasionally, acoustic-electric and electric guitars will have built-in effects, such as a preamp or equalizer.
2688:
2272:: A phaser or "phase shifter" creates a slight rippling effect—amplifying some aspects of the tone while diminishing others—by splitting an
2976:
A Line 6 modeling amplifier shown from above. Note the various amplifier and speaker emulations selectable via the rotary knob on the left.
2213:
effect can be heard. Flanger units add a variably delayed version of the audio signal to the original or signal, creating a comb filter or
2060:
2031:
1521:
While distortion effect units are most associated with electric and bass guitar, they are also commonly used on keyboard instruments (i.e.
1320:
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systems, which are often used in guitar amplifiers, use a transducer to create vibrations in a spring. Digital reverb effects use various
2081:
800:
with specially designed acoustic properties simulated the sound of live performances in different environments. In the mid to late 1940s,
675:
guitar amplifier modeler. Digital effects designed for DJs are often sold in tabletop models, so that the units can be placed alongside a
5548:
Introduction to Guitar Tone and
Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors
4962:
Introduction to Guitar Tone and
Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors
4028:
Introduction to Guitar Tone and
Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors
3039:: Pitch correction effects use signal-processing algorithms to re-tune faulty intonation in a vocalist's performance or create unusual
2668:
1977:
1997:
1697:
to make quiet sounds even quieter. If used with extreme settings and combined with reverb, they can create unusual sounds, such as the
2018:
1573:
effects, dynamics effects modify the volume of an instrument. Dynamics effects were among the first effects introduced to guitarists.
2631:
Time-based effects delay the sound signal, add reverb or echos, or, if a long delay is possible, enable musicians to record "loops".
1599:
volume during solos and preventing signal loss in long effects chains. A guitarist switching from rhythm guitar to lead guitar for a
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2863:: Audio feedback is an effect produced when amplified sound is picked up by a microphone or guitar pickup and played back through a
2198:
809:
2667:
2554:
A harmonizer is a type of sophisticated pitch shifter that combines the altered pitch with the original pitch to create a two note
2226:
1976:
1685:
hum, hiss, and static in the signal by greatly diminishing the volume when the signal falls below a set threshold. Noise gates are
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6311:
1940:
designs can switch between a down filter mode and an up filter. This effect is commonly used in funk, reggae and jam band music.
7140:
4116:
3312:
3130:
by rotating the speakers or a sound-directing duct. The rotating speaker creates a chorus-type effect. Named after its inventor,
2963:: An envelope follower activates an effect once a designated volume is reached. One effect that uses an envelope follower is the
1662:
1484:
1047:
3694:
7310:
5230:
5001:
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and record producers use effects units during live performances or in the studio, typically with electric guitar, bass guitar,
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438:
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6625:
2727:
2155:
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an effect (distortion), but it is not an effects pedal as the case does not contain effects circuitry; it is just a switch.
3367:
are some of the most often-modified effects. Common modifications include value changes in capacitors or resistors, adding
2867:, initiating a "feedback loop", which usually consists of high-pitched sound. Feedback that occurs from a vocal mic into a
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7120:
7014:
6667:
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2360:
671:
A tabletop unit is a type of multi-effects device that sits on a desk and is controlled manually. One such example is the
261:
7813:
3547:
3449:
uses pedals, but it is not an effect unit; it is a foot-operated keyboard in which the pedals are typically used to play
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7356:
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6019:
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intervals above the notes actually played. Simple, less expensive pitch shifters raise or lower the pitch by one or two
2052:
1311:
5451:
3211:
617:. Devices that are less than 19 inches wide can sometimes be made rackmount-compatible via special rackmount adapters.
589:
7710:
7125:
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2073:
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ME-5 multi-effects from 1988 included several pedal effects in one unit, with the ability to write and recall presets.
565:
at the end. When using many effects, unwanted noise and hum can be introduced into the sound. Some performers use a
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players. This enables electric guitar and pedal steel players to imitate the soft swelling sound that an orchestra
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4673:
The Guitar Player Book: 40 Years of Interviews, Gear, and Lessons from the World's Most Celebrated Guitar Magazine
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are electronic effects units that are designed for use with the low pitches created by an electric bass or for an
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that incorporated one or more speakers with the amp. The 1950 Ray Butts EchoSonic amp was the first to feature a
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234:
135:
56:
33:
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238:
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audio compressors in a recording studio. From top to bottom: Retro Instruments/Gates STA level; Spectra Sonic;
194:
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finally made it possible to fit effects circuitry into highly portable stompbox units. Transistors replaced
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A rotating Leslie speaker in a clear plastic cabinet. Typically, the Leslie is mounted in a wooden cabinet.
2812:
then record the natural reverberations that were produced. A plate reverb system uses an electromechanical
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were the first effects that musicians used regularly outside the studio. From the late 1940s onward, the
390:— is patched into the effect. Whatever the form factor, effects units are part of a studio or musician's
47:
allows a performer to create a ready-to-use chain of multiple pedals to achieve certain types of sounds.
7447:
7361:
6699:
4469:
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4273:
2731:
2536:
2336:
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915:
was not an effect originally intended by amplifier manufacturers, but could often easily be achieved by
779:. Built-in effects for keyboards typically include reverb, chorus and, for Hammond organ, vibrato. Many
159:
1818:
1459:
A fuzz pedal, or fuzzbox, is a type of overdrive effects unit that clips a signal until it is nearly a
4640:
652:
569:
at the end of a chain to reduce unwanted noise and hum introduced by overdrive units or vintage gear.
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7174:
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6337:
3433:
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2828:
2713:
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2494:" misleadingly. A so-called "vibrato unit" in a guitar amplifier actually produces tremolo, while a "
2301:
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to one version while leaving the rest unaltered. A well-known usage of chorus is the lead guitar in "
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that passes through them by either boosting or weakening specific frequencies or frequency regions.
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7272:
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2807:: Reverb units simulate the spacious sounds produced naturally in a huge stone cathedral (or other
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can play the backing chords (or riffs) to a song, loop them with the pedal, and then sing and do a
2218:
2197:
sound, simulating a studio effect that was first produced by recording a track on two synchronized
1784:
776:
435:
display that indicates the status of the effect with short acronyms (e.g., DIST for "distortion").
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253:
6416:
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or a combination of the two. During a live performance, the effect is plugged into the electrical
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amplifier. Note the four inputs, two for regular sound and two which are run through the onboard
621:
542:
335:
A musician bringing many pedals to a live show or recording session often mounts the pedals on a
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72:
68:
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5103:
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2543:. For example, a pitch shifter set to increase the pitch by a fourth will raise each note four
1449:
1156:, unaltered tracks in the studio and effects would be added in post-production. The success of
1152:
units began replacing stompboxes as the effects format of choice. Often musicians would record
691:
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3882:
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213:, typically placed on the floor and controlled with footswitches. They may also be built into
151:
44:
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4888:
4571:
4401:
3903:
3876:
3849:
2565:, introduced in 1989. It creates a "strange and artificial" sound, with distinctive "wobbly"
476:(Rocktron Short Timer Delay → Danelectro CTO-1 Transparent Overdrive → Boss HM-2 → Boss MT-2)
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2767:: A looper pedal or "phrase looper" allows a performer to record and later replay a phrase,
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858:
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effects. Bass amplifiers are less likely to have built-in effects, although some may have a
712:
656:
485:(Digitech Hyper Phase → Danelectro CV-1 Vibe → Danelectro CT Tremolo → Digitech Hyper Delay)
214:
127:
52:
1545:
796:
The earliest sound effects were strictly used in studio productions. Microphones placed in
378:
path of the instrument. In the studio, an instrument or another sound source — possibly an
7873:
7659:
7634:
7619:
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7505:
7480:
7209:
7204:
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6829:
6824:
6784:
6724:
6641:
5907:"Radiohead's Ed O'Brien: 'I was always drawn to sounds that didn't sound like the guitar'"
5380:
3478:
3392:
Not all stompboxes and rackmounted electronic devices designed for musicians are effects.
3364:
3200:
3196:
3172:
3003:
2969:, which produces a "wah" effect depending on how loud or soft the notes are being played.
2776:
2570:
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1920:
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554:
538:
167:
39:
6283:
Practical Recording Techniques: The Step-by-step Approach to Professional Audio Recording
3946:
Practical Recording Techniques: The Step-by-step Approach to Professional Audio Recording
1014:
began producing the Marshall 1963, a guitar amplifier capable of producing the distorted
936:
5934:
5698:
5351:
The Boss Book: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Most Popular Compact Effects for Guitar
5319:
4643:, "Foot controlled continuously variable preference circuit for musical instruments"
3603:
Professional Sound Reinforcement Techniques: Tips and Tricks of a Concert Sound Engineer
3380:
2718:: Delay/echo units produce an echo effect by adding a duplicate instrument-to-amplifier
817:
vibrato unit and the Fender reverb box, were expensive and impractical, requiring bulky
7695:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7604:
7422:
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industry. Rackmount effects have a standardized 19-inch width, and height of 1 or more
419:
383:
265:
257:
249:
198:
119:
6464:
5054:
4727:
Thomas E. Oberheim (May 1970). "A Ring Modulator Device for the Performing Musician".
4120:
3525:
2634:
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7837:
7782:
7751:
7452:
7386:
7330:
7300:
7237:
7214:
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6895:
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6759:
6692:
5992:"The secrets behind Jack White's guitar tone on the White Stripes' Seven Nation Army"
4338:
4331:
3750:
3488:
3462:
3401:
3336:
3253:
3188:
3135:
3131:
3078:
3053:: Simulators enable electric guitars to mimic the sound of other instruments such as
3015:
2949:
2817:
2803:
2758:
2614:
2602:
2574:
2526:
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2413:
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428:
391:
230:
202:
179:
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147:
143:
64:
4597:
3002:
8x10" bass cabinet). Sophisticated modeling effects can simulate different types of
1875:
1077:
pedal, an effect designed by noted audio engineer Fumio Mieda that mimicked the odd
506:. Effect chains are typically created between the guitar and the amp or between the
7827:
7525:
7485:
7320:
7290:
7247:
7019:
6986:
6961:
6956:
6839:
6719:
6677:
6657:
6024:
5996:
5968:
5882:
5169:
4491:
3497:
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3405:
3393:
3348:
3300:
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3229:
3225:
3220:
2991:
2883:
2772:
2619:
2582:
2477:
2473:
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variations in the sound wave. Tremolo effects are built-in effects in some vintage
2393:
2367:
2332:
2328:
2316:
2273:
2238:
2206:
2141:
2113:
2109:
1731:
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1098:
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886:
882:
797:
606:
546:
511:
507:
503:
363:
131:
48:
4379:. Performance and Production. Vol. II. Continuum International. p. 286.
1406:
effects, as distorted guitar sounds were first achieved by increasing the gain of
6540:
6524:
6509:
6360:
6296:
6281:
6255:
6198:
6143:
6128:
6113:
6087:
6046:
5775:
5760:
5745:
5571:
5546:
5504:
5396:
5304:
5183:
5145:
5130:
5076:
4985:
4933:
4917:
4829:
4712:
4671:
4544:
4517:
4436:
4295:
4240:
4221:
4142:
4080:
4026:
4000:
3959:
3944:
3929:
3815:
3773:
3735:
3667:
3651:
3601:
3574:
2687:
2666:
2327:: A ring modulator produces a resonant, metallic sound by mixing an instrument's
2080:
2059:
2038:
2017:
1996:
1975:
1650:. A compressor is often used to stabilize volume and alter the sound of a note's
1318:
7766:
7761:
7720:
7705:
7629:
7614:
7573:
7530:
7346:
7009:
6993:
6951:
6936:
6926:
6890:
6870:
6709:
5891:
5586:
3241:
3123:
3066:
3027:
2836:
2780:
2775:) or they can be pre-recorded. By using a looper pedal, a singer-guitarist in a
2590:
2586:
2495:
2380:
2210:
1638:: Compressors make loud sounds quieter and quiet sounds louder by decreasing or
1600:
1526:
1522:
1511:
1347:
1078:
1062:
999:
967:
956:
952:
894:
878:
834:
818:
242:
218:
206:
60:
5644:
3280:
2771:
or passage from a song. Loops can be created on the spot during a performance (
1276:
1261:
are among the many musicians who have referenced effects units in their music.
931:
distorted sounds. Among the first musicians to experiment with distortion were
402:
7756:
7746:
7563:
7351:
7315:
7184:
7179:
6941:
6900:
6819:
6704:
6162:
5911:
5887:
5855:
5796:
4700:
3551:
3409:
3360:
3316:
3168:
3097:
2927:
2922:
2832:
2813:
2754:
2704:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2469:
2436:
2432:
2389:
2340:
2297:
2289:
2222:
2105:
2097:
1677:
1460:
1453:
1399:
1339:
1246:
1057:, The Clyde McCoy, in 1967 and that same year Roger Mayer developed the first
1039:
1007:
987:
948:
716:
680:
340:
276:
155:
123:
2531:
A pitch shifter (also called an "octaver" for effects that shift pitch by an
1762:
often have equalizers for two bands, to adjust bass and treble, professional
7376:
7295:
6754:
6729:
5362:
4658:
3356:
3332:
3237:
3233:
3119:
3105:
3070:
2999:
2900:
2868:
2824:
2788:
2578:
2481:
2465:
2401:
2230:
2145:
1897:
1838:
1809:
1755:
1727:
1682:
1588:
1570:
1550:
1495:
1488:
1476:
1437:
1391:
1162:
1114:
1031:
1003:
995:
909:
began manufacturing the tremolo amps Tremolux in 1955 and Vibrolux in 1956.
874:
757:
614:
582:
415:
343:
17:
3775:
Modern Guitar Rig: The Tone Fanatic's Guide to Integrating Amps and Effects
2994:
effect that replicates the sound of various amplifiers, most often vintage
2882:. The creative use of feedback effects was pioneered by guitarists such as
5480:
Power Tools for Reason 3.0: Master the World's Most Popular Virtual Studio
5253:
5185:
Recording in the Digital World: Complete Guide to Studio Gear and Software
4806:
7568:
7545:
7535:
7475:
7262:
6809:
6687:
4495:
3450:
3385:
3180:
3153:
3044:
2965:
2939:
2887:
2639:
2544:
2456:
2348:
2308:
1935:
1814:
1800:
1792:
1383:
1379:
1230:
1210:
1179:
1170:
guitarists would chain several fuzz pedals together and plug them into a
1118:
1074:
963:
813:
805:
676:
601:
Rackmount effects units are typically built in a thin metal chassis with
379:
186:, which create echoing sounds and emulate the sound of different spaces.
139:
6061:
5339:
3720:
2201:
and periodically slowing one tape by pressing the edge of its reel (the
1654:. With extreme settings of its controls, a compressor can function as a
636:
Rackmount effects units are most commonly used in recording studios and
577:
7664:
7409:
6794:
6390:
3368:
3192:
3176:
3040:
3011:
2794:
2555:
2491:
2486:
2447:
2385:
2374:
2181:
2150:
2132:
produce naturally, by mixing similar sounds with slight differences in
1944:
1655:
1619:
1214:
1122:
983:
898:
866:
822:
753:
728:
724:
700:
550:
163:
84:
76:
5597:, Keyboard Synthesizer Library, vol. 2, Hal Leonard, p. 52,
4573:
The History of Marshall: The Illustrated Story of "The Sound of Rock"
3269:
3090:
3007:
2548:
2532:
2133:
1472:
1167:
1121:. By the mid-1970s a variety of solid-state effects pedals including
1070:
1010:
to explore distortion by various means. In 1966, the British company
5453:
The After Effects Illusionist: All the Effects in One Complete Guide
4464:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis,
4268:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis,
3778:. MusicPro Guides. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 146.
2513:
2339:. The original sound wave is suppressed and replaced by a "ring" of
1983:
Chorus effect on guitar, coming from an Electro-Harmonix Small Clone
1766:
offer much more targeted control over the audio frequency spectrum.
1413:
While distortion effects units produce perfectly flattened peaks or
845:
744:
Some guitar amplifiers have built-in multi-effects units or digital
418:). Typical simple stompboxes have a single footswitch, one to three
7073:
6610:
3264:, a small electronic device that matches the impedance between the
3163:, and effects processor for audio and musical instruments, made by
1561:; Smart Research C2; Chandler Limited TG1; Daking FET (91579); and
7730:
7700:
7044:
3441:
controller pedalboard or armband remote controls to trigger sound
3419:
3379:
3279:
3210:
3104:
3058:
2971:
2905:
2793:
2633:
2512:
2258:
2125:
1874:
1805:
1783:
1544:
1346:
1275:
1175:
1136:
1135:
1025:
844:
690:
651:
588:
576:
401:
324:. Unprocessed audio coming into an effects unit is referred to as
275:
5674:
Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture
3445:, switch between different effects or control effect settings. A
510:
and the power amp. When a pedal is off or inactive, the electric
7500:
6495:
4858:
Home Studio Clinic: A Musician's Guide to Professional Recording
3438:
3296:
3164:
3156:
3074:
2918:
2911:
2768:
1913:
1896:
produced by an instrument—i.e., how loud it is at each separate
1759:
812:
to create echo effects and unusual, futuristic sounds. In 1941,
626:
7077:
6614:
3043:-type vocal effects. One of the best known examples of this is
2906:
7267:
5098:
Audio Production Worktext: Concepts, Techniques, and Equipment
4057:
2827:
to create the reverb effect, often by using multiple feedback
2746:
2623:
described the Whammy as one of the most iconic guitar pedals.
2443:
to create a percussive and rhythmic effect like a helicopter.
2249:
1912:
or other electronic control. Wah-wah pedals are often used by
1908:. The device is operated by a foot treadle that manipulates a
1778:
1611:
1587:
pedal amplifies the volume of an instrument by increasing the
432:
423:
5747:
Dod Presents 100 Superstar Guitar Sounds on a Stompbox Budget
4619:
3737:
Dod Presents 100 Superstar Guitar Sounds on a Stompbox Budget
2886:
in the 1960s. This technique creates sustained, high-pitched
2484:
variations in the sound wave. Guitarists often use the terms
2392:
effects, a tremolo is produced by modulating an instrument's
2088:
A low-frequency oscillator modulating a vibrato (synthesizer)
2067:
A low-frequency oscillator modulating a tremolo (synthesizer)
4747:"Serve the Servants: Unlocking the Secrets of Grunge Guitar"
3801:"Pedal Order by the Numbers – Plus, the Pros on Pedal Order"
3576:
Complete Acoustic Guitar Method: Mastering Acoustic Guitar c
2648:
2280:
of one portion. Three well-known examples of phaser are the
2004:
A short synthesizer sample followed by two flanging versions
1957:
1892:: A wah-wah pedal creates vowel-like sounds by altering the
1300:
7609:
6946:
2723:
5643:, American Association of Physics Teachers, archived from
5299:
5297:
5637:
The Electronic Music Synthesizer and the Physics of Music
1947:, Electro-Harmonix Q-Tron Plus, DOD Envelope Filter 440.
923:. In the 1950s, guitarists began deliberately increasing
502:
is formed by connecting two or more stompboxes forming a
4333:
The Rolling Stone illustrated history of rock & roll
3022:
system by replicating its volume and pitch modulations,
1093:. The pedals soon became favorite effects of guitarists
4697:
Tribute: Ikutaro Kakehashi and Roland's Impact on Music
3260:
in jazz, folk, blues and similar genres may use a bass
2891:
effects are used in a number of rock genres, including
2472:
effects, vibrato is produced by mixing an instrument's
2025:
Unprocessed organ followed by different phasing effects
877:, which quickly became popular with guitarists such as
5905:
Astley-Brown, Michael; Laing, Rob (14 November 2017).
3077:
is a bass guitar effect that simulates the sound of a
2451:: Vibrato effects produce slight, rapid variations in
1603:
may use a boost to increase the volume of their solo.
1283:
kneeling while operating two stompboxes with his hands
605:
designed to be screw-mounted into the rack rails of a
308:
is sometimes used. A pedal-style unit may be called a
7811:
4834:, vol. 1, Continuum International, p. 112,
1689:—meaning that, unlike compressors, they increase the
328:, while the processed audio output is referred to as
222:
5720:"Guitar FX-101: Your Guide to Guitar Effects Pedals"
5162:"Classic Tracks: Phil Collins' "In the Air Tonight""
4403:
Louisiana Rocks! The True Genesis of Rock & Roll
4376:
Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World
2561:
The first mass-market digital pitch shifter was the
1701:
used in 1980s pop songs, a style popularized by the
1362:
Distortion, overdrive, and fuzz effects units add a
7739:
7673:
7597:
7544:
7466:
7408:
7385:
7339:
7281:
7223:
7139:
7111:
7002:
6909:
6848:
6738:
6648:
3215:
A selection of bass effect pedals at a music store.
1494:Notable examples of fuzz effect units include the:
1402:overtones. Distortion effects are sometimes called
103:is an electronic device that alters the sound of a
6020:"Digitech releases new Whammy with chord shifting"
5520:"Electro Harmonix Deluxe Electric Mistress Review"
5095:
4855:
4546:The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon
4330:
3646:
3644:
3010:techniques. A rotary speaker simulator mimics the
427:control different parameters of the effect. For a
264:, they can be used with any audio source, such as
5094:Reese, David; Gross, Lynne; Gross, Brian (2009).
2998:and famous brands of speaker cabinets (e.g., the
1174:. Throughout the 1990s, musicians committed to a
1166:helped to re-ignite interest in stompboxes. Some
5844:
5842:
5227:"The Talkbox Will Never Die: A Talkbox Playlist"
2498:" or "whammy bar" on a guitar produces vibrato.
197:. Some effects, particularly older ones such as
6219:. University of Washington Press. p. 138.
3400:pedals indicate whether a guitar string is too
3384:Some rock and pop guitarists and bassists use "
3126:used to create special audio effects using the
3089:to "soften" a note's attack both in volume and
2217:. Some famous uses of flanger effects include "
2112:with a signal generated by the effect called a
4778:"Stephen Malkmus – Talks Real Emotional Trash"
4196:"10 Things You Didn't Know About Scotty Moore"
3817:Your Band's First Gig: Getting The Sound Right
2839:are two genres that make heavy use of reverb.
1374:character to an audio signal by re-shaping or
545:pedals at the start of the chain; modulation (
280:Various type of guitar and bass effect pedals.
260:. While effects are most frequently used with
7089:
6626:
6362:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
6200:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
5935:"Muse's Matt Bellamy: Natural-Born Disruptor"
5132:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
5078:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
4987:MAKE: Electronics: Learning Through Discovery
4714:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
4361:counted the distant ancestors of heavy metal.
4223:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
4144:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
3931:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook
3069:pick ups replicate the sound of guitars with
2384:, a device on a guitar bridge that creates a
1113:, created by taking a chorus circuit from an
1109:released the CE-1 Chorus Ensemble, the first
711:and even some types of instruments. Electric
8:
6239:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5956:"David Gilmour discusses guitars, blues and
5591:"Pitch Blending, Modulation, and Expression"
4912:
4910:
2539:") each note a performer plays by a pre-set
362:Effects units are available in a variety of
7716:Professional Lighting and Sound Association
5777:Mixing Audio: Concepts, Practices and Tools
5125:
5123:
5033:. Oxford University Press US. p. 170.
4576:. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 28–33.
3976:"Synthesizing Hammond Organ Effects: Part1"
3722:How to Play Guitar: The Basics & Beyond
3669:The Ultimate Live Sound Operator's Handbook
3295:Some boutique pedal manufacturers include:
2419:Tremolo effects: Demeter TRM-1 Tremulator,
1434:examples of distortion and overdrive pedals
1053:Warwick Electronics manufactured the first
1018:that rock musicians were starting to seek.
225:designed for DJs and record producers, and
7306:Comparison of analog and digital recording
7096:
7082:
7074:
6633:
6619:
6611:
6410:
6408:
6312:"Boss GT-8 Floor Guitar Effects Processor"
5522:. Internet Guitar Database. Archived from
5420:
5418:
4297:Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture
4234:
4232:
3905:From Demo Tape to Record Deal: Handy Guide
3006:(e.g., the sound of an 8x10" cabinet) and
2816:to create vibrations in a plate of metal.
2400:carrier wave in such a way that generates
1417:clipping, overdrive effects units produce
792:Studio effects and early stand-alone units
763:Instruments with built-in effects include
7040:Music technology (electronic and digital)
5666:
5664:
5618:"Hey, What's That Sound: Ring Modulators"
5576:, University of Washington Press. p. 288.
5509:, University of Washington Press. p. 153.
5390:
5388:
5309:, University of California Press. p. 202.
5182:Rudolph, Thomas; Leonard, Vincent (2001)
5150:, University of Washington Press. p. 171.
4659:https://www.roger-mayer.co.uk/octavia.htm
3943:Bartlett, Bruce; Bartlett, Jenny (2008).
3134:, it is particularly associated with the
1330:(no effects), then with distortion pedal.
629:digital control interface or pedal-style
422:for controlling the effect, and a single
6045:Hubner, David; Runstein, Robert (2009).
5144:Louie, Gary J.; White, Glenn D. (2005).
5089:
5087:
3719:Editors, Guitar Player Magazine (2001).
3693:McCormick, Tim; Rumsey, Francis (2009).
3465:— a list of non-electronic audio effects
1269:For broader coverage of this topic, see
437:
38:
7818:
5395:Zölzer, Udo; Amatriain, Xavier (2002).
5003:The Routledge Guide to Music Technology
4932:Zölzer, Udo; Amatriain, Xavier (2002).
4919:Power Tools for Synthesizer Programming
4620:"FuzzEffect: The Fuzz Story and Photos"
4519:Rhythm and Noise: An Aesthetics of Rock
3514:
3491:— effects units used in the context of
715:often have built-in reverb, chorus and
557:) in the middle; and time-based units (
6523:Chappell, Jon; Phillips, Mark (2005).
6508:Chappell, Jon; Phillips, Mark (2005).
6415:Moraga, Christian (19 November 2009).
6232:
6183:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6176:
3961:Amps!: The Other Half of Rock 'n' Roll
3199:. The Kaoss Pad can also be used as a
2702:
2095:
1463:, resulting in a heavily distorted or
1425:sounds at lower volumes and distorted
1337:
927:beyond its intended levels to achieve
7777:New Interfaces for Musical Expression
6417:"Mod.It.Yourself (M.I.Y) Parts 1 – 3"
5677:, Taylor & Francis, p. 198,
5429:. Taylor & Francis. p. 271.
3958:Eiche. Jon; Fliegler, Ritchie (1993)
3520:
3518:
3141:Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation
2695:Reverb with increasingly longer delay
1595:. These units are generally used for
620:A rackmount effects unit may contain
514:coming into the pedal diverts onto a
118:, often used with electric guitar in
7:
6593:Armband Controller for Effects Chain
5699:"Rolling Stones – Gimme Shelter tab"
4938:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 117.
4300:(4. print. ed.). Durham, N.C.:
3653:How to Succeed As a Female Guitarist
2284:part on the Van Halen instrumental "
707:Effects are often incorporated into
6488:"Stompbox Basics: Tremolo and Fuzz"
6486:Platt, Charles (9 September 2008).
5933:Charupakorn, Joe (11 August 2022).
5401:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 76.
3734:Mangum, Eric; Stubbs, Dean (2000).
3236:. Two examples of bass effects are
2521:Polyphonic Octaver Generator (POG).
2335:generated by the device's internal
978:" inspired young musicians such as
804:and experimental musicians such as
27:Electronic device that alters audio
6568:"Racks 201: MIDI Foot Controllers"
6338:"Batt-O-Meter : Where to Buy"
6260:. Workman Publishing. p. 33.
6092:. Workman Publishing. p. 34.
4807:"Big Muff Pi Distortion/Sustainer"
3757:. guitarplayer.com. Archived from
2703:Problems playing these files? See
2368:Moogerfooger MF-102 Ring Modulator
2096:Problems playing these files? See
1386:by flattening its peaks, creating
970:for several recordings (including
284:An effects unit is also called an
262:electric or electronic instruments
25:
7326:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording
6881:Recording studio as an instrument
6280:Bartlett, B; Bartlett, J (2008).
5954:Tolinski, Brad (September 1994).
4117:"Acoustic Guitar – Early Pickups"
3964:, Hal Leonard. p. 25, 40, 52, 74.
3287:brand "Mudhoney" overdrive pedal.
2730:", and also the opening riff of "
2459:variations produced naturally by
2124:: Chorus pedals mimic the effect
901:and Gibson built amplifiers with
833:made famous by the British band,
154:, which modify frequency ranges;
7821:
7795:
7057:
6216:The Audio Dictionary Instruments
6130:Left-Handed History of the World
5634:Hartman, W. M. (19 March 1979),
5201:PC Recording Studios for Dummies
4670:Molenda, Mike; Pau, Les (2007).
4522:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 121–123.
4085:. MIT Press. pp. 437, 476.
3799:Ross, Michael (28 August 2020).
3755:"Bruce Egnater on Effects Loops"
3376:Other pedals and rackmount units
3065:simulators used on guitars with
2798:Folded line spring reverberation
2685:
2664:
2078:
2057:
2036:
2015:
1994:
1973:
1537:), as well as drums and vocals.
1338:Problems playing this file? See
1316:
648:Multi-effects and tabletop units
449:From the input to the output :
268:instruments, drums, and vocals.
7311:Experimental musical instrument
6441:. cubisteffects. Archived from
6257:The Girl's Guide to Rocking Out
6112:Hubner, D; Runstein, R (2009).
6089:The Girl's Guide to Rocking Out
5851:"The FX files: DigiTech Whammy"
5792:"The FX files: DigiTech Whammy"
5353:, 2002, Hal Leonard Corporation
4753:. 26 April 2011. Archived from
4105:Presto Music Times, August 1941
4051:Tianen, Dave (13 August 2009).
3881:. Hal Leonard. pp. 91–92.
3248:have built-in effects, such as
1671:Boss CS-3 Compression Sustainer
1149:
226:
210:
205:, use mechanical components or
6542:Ableton Live 6 Tips and Tricks
6465:"Selected Stompbox Schematics"
5890:. 19 October 2018 – via
5849:Lynham, Alex (2 August 2019).
5790:Lynham, Alex (2 August 2019).
4776:Atria, Travis (6 March 2008),
4242:Inside the Blues, 1942 to 1982
4174:Guitar.com | All Things Guitar
3656:, Alfred Music. p. 30–31.
3073:pick ups, or vice versa. A de-
2728:Where the Streets Have No Name
2674:A flute before and after delay
1271:Sound effect § Techniques
859:tube-powered guitar amplifiers
107:or other audio source through
1:
7496:Electronic musical instrument
6389:. Dunlop News. Archived from
6340:. •Keith McMillen Instruments
6018:Vallese, Nick (5 June 2012).
5818:Greeves, David (April 2013).
5744:Mangum, E; Stubbs, D (2000).
5030:Electronic and Computer Music
4717:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–15.
4226:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–13.
3974:Reid, Gordon (January 2004),
3814:Rogers, Jerry (25 May 2010).
3463:Acoustic wave § See also
2944:
2480:in such a way that generates
2416:" features a tremolo effect.
2140:. A chorus effect splits the
1485:(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction
1471:circuitry to achieve a harsh
1467:sound. Fuzzboxes may contain
1326:Electric guitar played first
1048:(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction
566:
534:
346:, this case may be called an
7802:Record production portal
7691:Institute of Broadcast Sound
7064:Record production portal
6566:Kahn, Scott (6 March 2006),
6545:. PC Publishing. p. 5.
6365:. Hal Leonard. p. 204.
5570:Louie, G; White, G. (2005).
5483:. Hal Leonard. p. 169.
5363:Electro-Harmonix Q-Tron Plus
5225:Dyers, Jon (21 March 2008).
5057:. The Museum of Making. 2010
4676:. Hal Leonard. p. 222.
3908:. Alfred Music. p. 26.
3699:. Focal Press. p. 131.
3672:. Hal Leonard. p. 366.
3606:. Hal Leonard. p. 139.
3579:. Alfred Music. p. 92.
3550:. Trip Atlas. Archived from
3528:. The Museum of Making. 2010
3412:to produce sound. Rackmount
3087:voltage-controlled amplifier
2388:or pitch-bending effect. In
2288:" and the keyboard parts on
2144:and adds a slight delay and
1610:LPB-1, Fender Volume Pedal,
719:, while acoustic guitar and
209:. Effects are often used as
178:; and time effects, such as
7711:Musical Electronics Library
7035:Music technology (electric)
6213:White, G, Louie, G (2005).
6115:Modern Recording Techniques
6048:Modern Recording Techniques
5990:Gill, Chris (9 July 2020).
5820:"Digitech Whammy (5th Gen)"
5551:, Hal Leonard, p. 29,
5545:Brewster, David M. (2001),
5503:Louie, G; White, G (2005).
5456:. Focal Press. p. 37.
5398:DAFX: Digital Audio Effects
5204:. For Dummies. p. 25.
5160:Flans, Robyn (1 May 2005).
4965:, Hal Leonard, p. 18,
4959:Brewster, David M. (2001),
4935:DAFX: Digital Audio Effects
4893:. Hal Leonard. p. 39.
4890:Getting Great Guitar Sounds
4854:Menasche, Emile D. (2007).
4245:. Hal Leonard. p. 61.
4082:The Computer Music Tutorial
4025:Brewster, David M. (2003),
4005:, Hal Leonard, p. 51,
3999:Pinksterboer, Hugo (2001),
3854:. Hal Leonard. p. 92.
3388:" format electronic tuners.
2930:note. The resonator uses a
2455:, mimicking the fractional
1883:(1970) manufactured by JEN.
1742:: An equalizer is a set of
966:produced heavily distorted
810:reel-to-reel recording tape
217:, instruments (such as the
7890:
7458:Sound reinforcement system
7367:Sound reinforcement system
5624:, London, 9 November 2009.
5277:Electronics for Guitarists
5274:Denton, Dailey J. (2011).
5006:. CRC Press. p. 177.
4549:. JHU Press. p. 136.
4438:Chuck Berry: The Biography
4412:Pelican Publishing Company
4294:DeCurtis, Anthony (1992).
4031:, Hal Leonard, p. 7,
3218:
3118:are specially constructed
3083:envelope-controlled filter
2535:) raises or lowers (e.g. "
2524:
2408:. The guitar intro in the
1716:Boss NS-2 Noise Suppressor
1429:sounds at higher volumes.
1291:
1268:
1144:pedals connected together.
1073:began marketing Shin-ei's
919:the power supply in early
736:, the only control on the
233:in such common formats as
31:
7791:
7681:Audio Engineering Society
7579:Software effect processor
7559:Digital audio workstation
7400:Digital signal processing
7164:Digital audio workstation
7053:
5280:. Springer. p. 183.
5055:"The Art of the Stompbox"
4598:"The Art of the Stompbox"
4516:Gracyk, Theodore (1996).
4157:"THE WATKINS/WEM COPICAT"
3526:"The Art of the Stompbox"
3503:Vintage musical equipment
2167:Boss CE-1 Chorus Ensemble
1943:Envelope filter effects:
1726:Filter effects alter the
1559:Empirical Labs Distressor
1500:Electro-Harmonix Big Muff
1221:, is commemorated by the
853:Reverb amp and a ROSS amp
528:effects management system
229:, and are widely used as
195:digital signal processors
34:Software effect processor
7772:Professional audio store
7674:People and organizations
7660:Sound recording engineer
6539:Delaney, Martin (2007).
6133:, Murdoch Books. p. 209.
6086:Hopper, Jessica (2009).
5427:Digital Audio Processing
5303:Schneider, John (1985).
4472:, 1992, pp. 24–27.
4170:"All About... Ray Butts"
4147:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–12.
4053:"The Wizard Of Waukesha"
4002:Tipbook: Acoustic Guitar
3232:used with a bass amp or
3191:, auto-panning, gating,
2914:guitar string resonator.
2595:Rage Against the Machine
2366:Ring modulator effects:
2276:in two and altering the
2227:Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love
1866:Dunlop HT1 Heil Talk Box
1087:Leslie rotating speakers
829:, a relatively portable
609:that is standard to the
458:(tc electronic Polytune)
189:Most modern effects use
32:Not to be confused with
7190:Microphone preamplifier
6295:Brice, Richard (2001).
6145:The Guitar F/X Cookbook
5759:Fischer, Peter (2000),
5671:Holmes, Thomas (2008),
5477:Kurasaki, Kurt (2005).
5374:DOD Envelope Filter 440
5306:The Contemporary Guitar
5229:. Dyers. Archived from
5188:, Hal Leonard . p. 192.
5102:. Focal Press. p.
5027:Manning, Peter (2004).
4990:O'Reilly Media. p. 257.
4984:Platt, Charles (2009).
4862:. Hal Leonard. p.
4570:Doyle, Michael (1993).
4543:A. J., Millard (2004).
3875:Ashton, Adrian (2006).
3848:Ashton, Adrian (2006).
3600:Yakabuski, Jim (2001).
2743:Boss DD-3 Digital Delay
2263:An MXR-101 Phaser pedal
2205:). When the two tapes'
1945:Musitronics Mu-Tron III
1900:—in what is known as a
1569:Also called volume and
581:Rackmounted effects in
467:(Morley Bad Horsie Wah)
191:solid-state electronics
114:Common effects include
109:audio signal processing
7131:Electronic and digital
6529:, For Dummies. p. 187.
6514:, For Dummies. p. 291.
6387:"What is True Bypass?"
6286:. Focal Press. p. 226.
6142:Amelar, Chris (1997).
6118:, Focal Press. p. 508.
6051:, Focal Press. p. 508.
5780:, Focal Press. p. 470.
5450:Perkins, Chad (2009).
5425:Coulter, Doug (2000).
5320:"Wah Comparison Chart"
4922:, Hal Leonard. p. 171.
4887:Ross, Michael (1998).
4828:Barker, David (2007),
4373:Shepard, John (2003).
4079:Roads, Curtis (1996).
3949:. Focal Press. p. 226.
3934:. Hal Leonard. p. 125.
3469:Category:Audio effects
3432:Guitar amplifiers and
3429:
3389:
3288:
3216:
3110:
2977:
2915:
2799:
2653:
2643:
2522:
2264:
2185:: A flanger creates a
2032:Ring modulation effect
1962:
1884:
1879:Thomas Organ Cry Baby
1796:
1566:
1504:Shin-ei Companion FY-2
1359:
1305:
1284:
1148:In the 1980s, digital
1145:
1117:and putting it into a
1035:
1012:Marshall Amplification
854:
704:
660:
598:
586:
491:
410:
281:
88:
6952:Ghostwriters in music
6498:on 28 September 2010.
6359:Hunter, Dave (2004).
6203:. Hal Leonard. p. 25.
6197:Hunter, Dave (2004).
6148:, Hal Leonard. p. 41.
5774:Izhaki, Roey (2007).
5750:. Hal Leonard. p. 94.
5697:Trolet, Jean-Pierre.
5595:Synthesizer technique
5198:Strong, Jeff (2005).
5135:. Hal Leonard. p. 23.
5081:. Hal Leonard. p. 23.
5075:Hunter, Dave (2004).
5000:Holmes, Thom (2006).
4470:Duke University Press
4441:. Aurum. p. 38.
4435:Collis, John (2002).
4302:Duke University Press
4274:Duke University Press
3928:Hunter, Dave (2004).
3902:Levitin, Dan (1992).
3725:. Hal Leonard. p. 82.
3666:Gibson, Bill (2007).
3628:Understanding Records
3626:Hodgson, Jay (2010).
3423:
3383:
3283:
3214:
3108:
3081:. The effect uses an
2975:
2909:
2797:
2732:Welcome to the Jungle
2652:
2637:
2516:
2355:is the guitar in the
2307:Phase shift effects:
2262:
1961:
1916:and rock guitarists.
1878:
1787:
1758:regions. While basic
1548:
1350:
1304:
1279:
1139:
1029:
848:
709:instrument amplifiers
694:
655:
592:
580:
473:Overdrives/distortion
441:
405:
279:
42:
7589:Software synthesizer
7554:Digital audio editor
7340:Playback transducers
7200:Multitrack recording
5573:The Audio Dictionary
5506:The Audio Dictionary
5379:29 June 2021 at the
5147:The Audio Dictionary
4831:33 1/3 Greatest Hits
4400:Aswell, Tom (2010).
4329:Miller, Jim (1980).
4239:Dave, Rubin (2007).
4200:American Blues Scene
3772:Kahn, Scott (2011).
3761:on 30 November 2018.
3753:(16 December 2009).
3740:. Hal Leonard. p. 8.
3573:Horne, Greg (2000).
3434:electronic keyboards
3353:Ibanez Tube Screamer
3266:piezoelectric pickup
3057:, electric bass and
2681:Reverberation effect
2569:. Its users include
2351:". A notable use of
2294:Just the Way You Are
1714:Noise gate effects:
1661:Compressor effects:
1579:: When activated, a
1469:frequency multiplier
1446:Marshall ShredMaster
1442:Ibanez Tube Screamer
1255:They Might Be Giants
777:digital synthesizers
622:electronic circuitry
533:It is common to put
407:Ibanez Tube Screamer
116:distortion/overdrive
6127:Wright, Ed (2007).
5762:Rock Guitar Secrets
4916:Aikin, Jim (2004).
3803:. guitarplayer.com.
3696:Sound and Recording
3650:Clement, V (2007).
3018:sound of a vintage
2753:Deluxe Memory Man,
2509:Pitch and frequency
2248:Electric Mistress,
2219:Walking on the Moon
2209:are later mixed, a
1775:Boss GE-7 Equalizer
1773:Equalizer effects:
1358:produces distortion
857:Effects built into
808:began manipulating
802:recording engineers
721:keyboard amplifiers
409:TS9 overdrive pedal
372:digital electronics
300:. The abbreviation
254:electronic keyboard
7640:Re-recording mixer
7443:Keyboard amplifier
7159:Binaural recording
6866:Hip hop production
6526:Guitar for Dummies
6511:Guitar for Dummies
6318:on 7 February 2010
6254:Hopper, J (2009).
6165:on 20 January 2022
5765:, Mel Bay. p. 164.
5724:Roland Corporation
5526:on 30 October 2005
5129:Hunter, D (2004).
4809:. Electro-Harmonix
4711:Hunter, D (2004).
4220:Hunter, D (2004).
4202:. 28 December 2016
4141:Hunter, D (2004).
3554:on 8 December 2008
3430:
3390:
3289:
3217:
3111:
2988:Amplifier modeling
2978:
2916:
2848:Fender Reverb Unit
2800:
2654:
2644:
2523:
2282:two handed tapping
2265:
1963:
1894:frequency spectrum
1885:
1843:Rocky Mountain Way
1835:Kickstart My Heart
1819:Livin' on a Prayer
1797:
1781:10-band EQ Pedal.
1764:graphic equalizers
1708:In the Air Tonight
1624:pedal steel guitar
1577:Boost/volume pedal
1567:
1516:Z.Vex Fuzz Factory
1481:The Rolling Stones
1475:by adding complex
1360:
1306:
1294:Distortion (music)
1285:
1178:aesthetic such as
1146:
1036:
855:
746:amplifier modeling
705:
661:
599:
587:
492:
411:
282:
152:graphic equalizers
105:musical instrument
89:
7809:
7808:
7615:Guitar technician
7511:Music workstation
7395:Digital recording
7372:Speaker enclosure
7291:8-track cartridge
7233:Phonograph record
7071:
7070:
6673:Critical distance
6596:, 23 October 2010
6445:on 30 August 2010
6393:on 24 August 2011
6301:, Newnes. p. 413.
6298:Music Engineering
5958:The Division Bell
5684:978-0-415-95781-6
5463:978-0-240-81145-1
5254:"The Talkbox FAQ"
5252:McCarron, Brett.
5113:978-0-240-81098-0
4421:978-1-58980-677-1
4414:. pp. 61–5.
4408:Gretna, Louisiana
4159:13 September 2010
4123:on 9 October 2011
3878:The Bass Handbook
3851:The Bass Handbook
3785:978-1-4234-9944-2
3636:978-1-4411-5607-5
3474:Frequency divider
3414:power conditioner
3329:T-Rex Engineering
3115:Rotating speakers
2961:Envelope follower
2945:compressor pedals
2897:heavy metal music
2880:speaker enclosure
2822:signal processing
2785:reel-to-reel tape
2720:electrical signal
2690:
2669:
2642:EP-2 delay effect
2503:Boss VB-2 Vibrato
2501:Vibrato effects:
2406:guitar amplifiers
2343:higher and lower
2302:Slip Slidin' Away
2244:Flanger effects:
2130:string orchestras
2083:
2062:
2041:
2020:
1999:
1978:
1746:that strengthen (
1699:gated drum effect
1663:Keeley Compressor
1508:Univox Super-Fuzz
1496:Arbiter Fuzz Face
1398:sounds by adding
1390:sounds by adding
1382:the shape of its
1321:
1312:Distortion effect
1238:Superfuzz Bigmuff
1202:continued to use
1125:, chorus pedals,
781:clonewheel organs
773:electronic pianos
769:electronic organs
738:audio compression
713:guitar amplifiers
697:Fender Bandmaster
679:, turntables and
641:live sound mixing
482:Modulations/delay
442:An example of an
337:guitar pedalboard
294:effects processor
215:guitar amplifiers
158:effects, such as
97:effects processor
45:guitar pedalboard
16:(Redirected from
7881:
7849:Electric guitars
7826:
7825:
7824:
7817:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7686:Goji Electronics
7625:Monitor engineer
7584:Software sampler
7491:Electronic drums
7468:Electronic music
7438:Guitar amplifier
7283:Analog recording
7243:Compact cassette
7205:Music production
7113:Music technology
7105:Music technology
7098:
7091:
7084:
7075:
7062:
7061:
7060:
6977:Session musician
6642:Music production
6635:
6628:
6621:
6612:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6588:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6536:
6530:
6521:
6515:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6494:. Archived from
6483:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6412:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6334:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6314:. Archived from
6308:
6302:
6293:
6287:
6278:
6272:
6271:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6238:
6230:
6210:
6204:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6182:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6161:. Archived from
6155:
6149:
6140:
6134:
6125:
6119:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6062:"Starting Point"
6058:
6052:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
5987:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5846:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5787:
5781:
5772:
5766:
5757:
5751:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5668:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5649:
5642:
5631:
5625:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5583:
5577:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5516:
5510:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5392:
5383:
5371:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5316:
5310:
5301:
5292:
5291:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5195:
5189:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5172:on 3 March 2011.
5168:. Archived from
5157:
5151:
5142:
5136:
5127:
5118:
5117:
5101:
5091:
5082:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5024:
5018:
5017:
4997:
4991:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4929:
4923:
4914:
4905:
4904:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4861:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4784:, archived from
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4757:on 31 March 2016
4743:
4737:
4736:
4724:
4718:
4709:
4703:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4667:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4487:
4481:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4336:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4291:
4285:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4236:
4227:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4119:. Archived from
4112:
4106:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3971:
3965:
3956:
3950:
3941:
3935:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3820:. Jerry Rogers.
3811:
3805:
3804:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3747:
3741:
3732:
3726:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3663:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3548:"Guitar effects"
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3522:
3484:Nonlinear filter
3424:This footswitch
3398:electronic tuner
3347:There is also a
3258:Upright bassists
3035:Pitch correction
3004:speaker cabinets
2982:Guitar amplifier
2893:psychedelic rock
2876:guitar amplifier
2865:guitar amplifier
2854:Feedback/sustain
2844:Electro-Harmonix
2842:Reverb effects:
2751:Electro-Harmonix
2692:
2691:
2671:
2670:
2651:
2519:Electro-Harmonix
2435:sequence with a
2313:Electro-Harmonix
2246:Electro-Harmonix
2225:, the intro to "
2171:Electro-Harmonix
2165:Chorus effects:
2085:
2084:
2064:
2063:
2043:
2042:
2022:
2021:
2001:
2000:
1980:
1979:
1960:
1925:Morley Power Wah
1870:Rocktron Banshee
1608:Electro-Harmonix
1606:Volume effects:
1531:tonewheel organs
1450:MXR Distortion +
1354:an instrument's
1323:
1322:
1303:
1219:Electro-Harmonix
1217:manufactured by
1206:effects pedals.
1200:Guided by Voices
1133:were available.
1107:Boss Corporation
871:combo amplifiers
865:began including
831:tape echo effect
611:music technology
567:noise gate pedal
500:
499:
486:
477:
468:
459:
450:
380:auxiliary output
174:effects such as
130:effects such as
61:octave generator
21:
7889:
7888:
7884:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7859:Sound recording
7834:
7833:
7832:
7822:
7820:
7812:
7810:
7805:
7796:
7794:
7787:
7735:
7669:
7635:Record producer
7620:Mixing engineer
7593:
7540:
7506:MIDI controller
7481:Circuit bending
7462:
7404:
7381:
7357:Monitor speaker
7335:
7277:
7225:Recording media
7219:
7210:Music sequencer
7195:Monitor speaker
7141:Sound recording
7135:
7107:
7102:
7072:
7067:
7058:
7056:
7049:
6998:
6967:Record producer
6920:
6916:
6905:
6859:
6855:
6844:
6785:Double tracking
6741:
6734:
6725:Sound recording
6663:Audio mastering
6644:
6639:
6609:
6608:
6599:
6597:
6590:
6589:
6585:
6576:
6574:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6553:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6522:
6518:
6507:
6503:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6458:
6448:
6446:
6439:"Modifications"
6437:
6436:
6432:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6406:
6396:
6394:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6373:
6358:
6357:
6353:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6321:
6319:
6310:
6309:
6305:
6294:
6290:
6279:
6275:
6268:
6253:
6252:
6248:
6231:
6227:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6196:
6192:
6175:
6168:
6166:
6159:"Archived copy"
6157:
6156:
6152:
6141:
6137:
6126:
6122:
6111:
6107:
6100:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6070:
6068:
6066:LooperMusic.com
6060:
6059:
6055:
6044:
6040:
6030:
6028:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5989:
5988:
5984:
5974:
5972:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5917:
5915:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5861:
5859:
5848:
5847:
5840:
5830:
5828:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5802:
5800:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5773:
5769:
5758:
5754:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5726:. 6 August 2016
5718:
5717:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5685:
5670:
5669:
5662:
5653:
5651:
5650:on 5 March 2016
5647:
5640:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5616:McNamee, David
5615:
5611:
5605:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5464:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5437:
5424:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5394:
5393:
5386:
5381:Wayback Machine
5372:
5368:
5361:
5357:
5349:
5345:
5338:
5334:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5258:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5233:on 17 June 2010
5224:
5223:
5219:
5212:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5181:
5177:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5143:
5139:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5074:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5014:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4874:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4791:
4789:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4710:
4706:
4695:
4691:
4684:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4584:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4460:
4456:
4449:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4312:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4276:, 1992, p. 19.
4264:
4260:
4253:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4179:
4177:
4176:. 23 April 2018
4168:
4167:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4115:Chester, Paul.
4114:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4013:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3957:
3953:
3942:
3938:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3889:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3733:
3729:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3649:
3642:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3479:Frequency mixer
3459:
3378:
3365:DigiTech Whammy
3345:
3278:
3276:Boutique pedals
3246:bass amplifiers
3223:
3209:
3201:MIDI controller
3197:ring modulation
3055:acoustic guitar
2996:tube amplifiers
2958:
2856:
2777:one person band
2741:Delay effects:
2710:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2655:
2649:
2629:
2571:Jonny Greenwood
2563:DigiTech Whammy
2529:
2511:
2441:envelope filter
2421:Fender Tremolux
2353:ring modulation
2177:Stereo Chorus.
2156:Come As You Are
2103:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:Bell-like sound
2044:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1990:Flanging effect
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1921:Dunlop Cry Baby
1859:Show Me the Way
1847:Alice in Chains
1768:Audio engineers
1724:
1543:
1512:Vox Tone Bender
1408:tube amplifiers
1345:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1274:
1267:
1251:George Harrison
1243:Nine Inch Nails
1188:Stephen Malkmus
1127:ring modulators
1085:effects of the
1038:The electronic
1024:
921:tube amplifiers
851:Fender Vibrolux
843:
827:Watkins Copicat
794:
789:
734:bass amplifiers
689:
650:
631:foot controller
575:
518:, an unaltered
497:
496:
490:
489:
484:
475:
466:
457:
448:
400:
360:
274:
250:audio engineers
199:Leslie speakers
138:, which affect
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7887:
7885:
7877:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7836:
7835:
7831:
7830:
7807:
7806:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7743:
7741:
7740:Related topics
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7696:Lejaren Hiller
7693:
7688:
7683:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7655:Sound operator
7652:
7650:Sound follower
7647:
7645:Sound designer
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7605:Audio engineer
7601:
7599:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7550:
7548:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7472:
7470:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7423:Bass amplifier
7420:
7418:Mixing console
7414:
7412:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7391:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7287:
7285:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7229:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7161:
7156:
7154:Mixing console
7151:
7145:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7117:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7093:
7086:
7078:
7069:
7068:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6979:
6974:
6972:Rhythm section
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6932:Audio engineer
6929:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6876:Overproduction
6873:
6868:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6805:Exciter effect
6802:
6797:
6792:
6782:
6777:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6654:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6615:
6607:
6606:
6583:
6558:
6551:
6531:
6516:
6501:
6478:
6467:. DIY Stompbox
6456:
6430:
6404:
6378:
6371:
6351:
6329:
6303:
6288:
6273:
6266:
6246:
6225:
6205:
6190:
6150:
6135:
6120:
6105:
6098:
6078:
6053:
6038:
6010:
5982:
5946:
5940:Premier Guitar
5925:
5897:
5869:
5838:
5825:Sound on Sound
5810:
5782:
5767:
5752:
5737:
5711:
5689:
5683:
5660:
5626:
5609:
5603:
5578:
5563:
5557:
5537:
5511:
5496:
5489:
5469:
5462:
5442:
5435:
5414:
5407:
5384:
5366:
5355:
5343:
5332:
5311:
5293:
5286:
5266:
5244:
5217:
5210:
5190:
5175:
5152:
5137:
5119:
5112:
5083:
5068:
5046:
5039:
5019:
5012:
4992:
4977:
4971:
4951:
4944:
4924:
4906:
4899:
4879:
4872:
4846:
4840:
4820:
4798:
4788:on 21 May 2013
4782:Glide Magazine
4768:
4738:
4729:AES Convention
4719:
4704:
4689:
4682:
4662:
4651:
4632:
4611:
4589:
4582:
4562:
4555:
4535:
4528:
4508:
4482:
4454:
4447:
4427:
4420:
4392:
4385:
4365:
4347:
4321:
4310:
4286:
4258:
4251:
4228:
4213:
4187:
4161:
4149:
4134:
4107:
4098:
4091:
4071:
4043:
4037:
4017:
4011:
3991:
3980:Sound on Sound
3966:
3951:
3936:
3921:
3914:
3894:
3887:
3867:
3860:
3840:
3826:
3806:
3791:
3784:
3764:
3751:Egnater, Bruce
3742:
3727:
3712:
3705:
3685:
3678:
3658:
3640:
3619:
3612:
3592:
3585:
3565:
3539:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3455:
3447:pedal keyboard
3377:
3374:
3344:
3341:
3309:Death By Audio
3305:Emlyn Crowther
3277:
3274:
3219:Main article:
3208:
3205:
3149:Korg Kaoss Pad
3128:Doppler effect
3037:/vocal effects
3020:Leslie speaker
2957:
2954:
2860:Audio feedback
2855:
2852:
2829:delay circuits
2809:acoustic space
2700:
2694:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2628:
2625:
2525:Main article:
2510:
2507:
2470:transistorized
2410:Rolling Stones
2390:transistorized
2324:Ring modulator
2256:BF-3 Flanger.
2215:Doppler effect
2148:variations or
2093:
2087:
2077:
2074:Vibrato effect
2072:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2053:Tremolo effect
2051:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1902:spectral glide
1855:Peter Frampton
1851:Man in the box
1789:Peter Frampton
1744:linear filters
1730:content of an
1723:
1720:
1681:: Noise gates
1628:string section
1618:Volume Pedal.
1557:162; Dbx 165;
1542:
1539:
1535:electric piano
1335:
1325:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:Main article:
1289:
1286:
1266:
1263:
1196:Robert Pollard
1172:tube amplifier
1160:'s 1991 album
1131:phase shifters
1091:Hammond organs
1023:
1020:
980:Pete Townshend
945:Joe Hill Louis
933:Willie Johnson
891:Luther Perkins
842:
839:
793:
790:
788:
785:
765:Hammond organs
688:
687:Built-in units
685:
649:
646:
638:front of house
574:
571:
488:
487:
479:
470:
461:
451:
447:
420:potentiometers
399:
396:
359:
356:
290:effects device
273:
270:
258:electric piano
231:audio plug-ins
223:tabletop units
203:spring reverbs
176:pitch shifters
148:wah-wah pedals
120:electric blues
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7886:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7869:Sound effects
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7844:Effects units
7842:
7841:
7839:
7829:
7819:
7815:
7804:
7803:
7790:
7784:
7783:Vehicle audio
7781:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7752:High fidelity
7750:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7738:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7543:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7387:Digital audio
7384:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7332:
7331:Tape recorder
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7301:Cassette deck
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7280:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7238:Magnetic tape
7236:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7216:
7215:Outboard gear
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7149:Audio channel
7147:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7138:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7099:
7094:
7092:
7087:
7085:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7066:
7065:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7015:Interpolation
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7001:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6982:Backup singer
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6896:Wall of Sound
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6847:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6815:Octave effect
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6760:Chorus effect
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6743:
6737:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6694:
6693:Wah-wah pedal
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6622:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6595:
6594:
6587:
6584:
6573:
6572:Music Players
6569:
6562:
6559:
6554:
6552:9781906005023
6548:
6544:
6543:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6520:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6505:
6502:
6497:
6493:
6492:MAKE Magazine
6489:
6482:
6479:
6466:
6460:
6457:
6444:
6440:
6434:
6431:
6419:. Effects Bay
6418:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6379:
6374:
6372:9781617747021
6368:
6364:
6363:
6355:
6352:
6339:
6333:
6330:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6277:
6274:
6269:
6267:9780761151418
6263:
6259:
6258:
6250:
6247:
6242:
6236:
6228:
6226:9780295984988
6222:
6218:
6217:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6194:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6131:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6109:
6106:
6101:
6099:9780761151418
6095:
6091:
6090:
6082:
6079:
6067:
6063:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6042:
6039:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6014:
6011:
5999:
5998:
5993:
5986:
5983:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5950:
5947:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5929:
5926:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5901:
5898:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5814:
5811:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5748:
5741:
5738:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5712:
5700:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5667:
5665:
5661:
5646:
5639:
5638:
5630:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5604:0-88188-290-9
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5558:9780634060465
5554:
5550:
5549:
5541:
5538:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5497:
5492:
5490:9780879308612
5486:
5482:
5481:
5473:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5446:
5443:
5438:
5436:9780879305666
5432:
5428:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5410:
5408:9780471490784
5404:
5400:
5399:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5336:
5333:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5287:9781441995360
5283:
5279:
5278:
5270:
5267:
5255:
5248:
5245:
5232:
5228:
5221:
5218:
5213:
5211:9780764577079
5207:
5203:
5202:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5179:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5099:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5072:
5069:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5042:
5040:0-19-514484-8
5036:
5032:
5031:
5023:
5020:
5015:
5013:0-415-97324-4
5009:
5005:
5004:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4972:9780634060465
4968:
4964:
4963:
4955:
4952:
4947:
4945:9780471490784
4941:
4937:
4936:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4900:9780793591404
4896:
4892:
4891:
4883:
4880:
4875:
4873:9781423418078
4869:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4850:
4847:
4843:
4841:9780826419033
4837:
4833:
4832:
4824:
4821:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4769:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4690:
4685:
4683:9780879307820
4679:
4675:
4674:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4652:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4583:0-7935-2509-8
4579:
4575:
4574:
4566:
4563:
4558:
4556:9780801878626
4552:
4548:
4547:
4539:
4536:
4531:
4529:9781860640902
4525:
4521:
4520:
4512:
4509:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4478:0-8223-1265-4
4475:
4471:
4467:
4466:Present Tense
4463:
4462:Robert Palmer
4458:
4455:
4450:
4448:9781854108739
4444:
4440:
4439:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4396:
4393:
4388:
4386:9780826463227
4382:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4350:
4348:0-394-51322-3
4344:
4340:
4339:Rolling Stone
4335:
4334:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4311:0-8223-1265-4
4307:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4282:0-8223-1265-4
4279:
4275:
4271:
4270:Present Tense
4267:
4266:Robert Palmer
4262:
4259:
4254:
4252:9781423416661
4248:
4244:
4243:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4214:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4094:
4092:9780262680820
4088:
4084:
4083:
4075:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4038:9780634060465
4034:
4030:
4029:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4012:9789076192376
4008:
4004:
4003:
3995:
3992:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3915:0-88284-494-6
3911:
3907:
3906:
3898:
3895:
3890:
3888:9780879308728
3884:
3880:
3879:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3861:9780879308728
3857:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3841:
3829:
3827:9781445766249
3823:
3819:
3818:
3810:
3807:
3802:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3768:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3706:9780240521633
3702:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3679:9781423419716
3675:
3671:
3670:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3613:9781931140065
3609:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3586:9781457415043
3582:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3566:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:Outboard gear
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3337:Z.Vex Effects
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3313:Robert Keeley
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:reverberation
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3171:, filtering,
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:Hammond organ
3133:
3132:Donald Leslie
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:fretless bass
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3026:capacity and
3025:
3021:
3017:
3016:chorus effect
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2956:Other effects
2955:
2953:
2951:
2950:dynamic range
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2818:Spring reverb
2815:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2759:Roland RE-201
2756:
2752:
2749:Carbon Copy,
2748:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2736:Guns N' Roses
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2708:
2706:
2682:
2661:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2615:White Stripes
2612:
2608:
2604:
2603:David Gilmour
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2527:Pitch shifter
2520:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2461:opera singers
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2431:: Combines a
2430:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2414:Gimme Shelter
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2357:Black Sabbath
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2315:Small Stone,
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:audio signals
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2175:TC Electronic
2173:Small Clone,
2172:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2075:
2054:
2033:
2012:
2011:Phaser effect
1991:
1970:
1969:Chorus effect
1950:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:Wah effects:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:potentiometer
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1881:Wah-wah pedal
1877:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:Stevie Wonder
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:) or weaken (
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:dynamic range
1688:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:MXR Dyna Comp
1664:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:dynamic range
1641:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1329:
1313:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:octave effect
1056:
1055:wah-wah pedal
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
908:
904:
903:spring reverb
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
852:
847:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:echo chambers
791:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
739:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
702:
698:
693:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
669:
666:
658:
654:
647:
645:
642:
639:
634:
632:
628:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
596:
591:
584:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:phase shifter
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:effects chain
483:
480:
474:
471:
465:
462:
456:
453:
452:
445:
444:effects chain
440:
436:
434:
430:
429:chorus effect
425:
421:
417:
408:
404:
397:
395:
393:
392:outboard gear
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:effects pedal
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:or simply an
295:
291:
287:
278:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:volume pedals
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
101:effects pedal
98:
94:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:wah-wah pedal
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
35:
30:
19:
7793:
7526:Sound module
7486:Drum machine
7428:Effects unit
7427:
7321:Player piano
7248:Compact disc
7170:Effects unit
7169:
7055:
7020:Loudness war
6987:Ghost singer
6962:Orchestrator
6957:Horn section
6840:Reverse echo
6800:Equalization
6770:Delay effect
6720:Punch in/out
6715:Ping-ponging
6683:Effects unit
6682:
6678:Effects loop
6668:Audio mixing
6658:Audio filter
6598:, retrieved
6592:
6586:
6577:18 September
6575:, retrieved
6571:
6561:
6541:
6534:
6525:
6519:
6510:
6504:
6496:the original
6491:
6481:
6471:18 September
6469:. Retrieved
6459:
6449:18 September
6447:. Retrieved
6443:the original
6433:
6423:18 September
6421:. Retrieved
6397:18 September
6395:. Retrieved
6391:the original
6381:
6361:
6354:
6344:18 September
6342:. Retrieved
6332:
6322:10 September
6320:. Retrieved
6316:the original
6306:
6297:
6291:
6282:
6276:
6256:
6249:
6215:
6208:
6199:
6193:
6167:. Retrieved
6163:the original
6153:
6144:
6138:
6129:
6123:
6114:
6108:
6088:
6081:
6069:. Retrieved
6065:
6056:
6047:
6041:
6031:16 September
6029:. Retrieved
6025:Guitar World
6023:
6013:
6001:. Retrieved
5997:Guitar World
5995:
5985:
5973:. Retrieved
5969:Guitar World
5967:
5962:Guitar World
5961:
5957:
5949:
5938:
5928:
5916:. Retrieved
5910:
5900:
5883:Total Guitar
5881:
5872:
5860:. Retrieved
5854:
5831:16 September
5829:. Retrieved
5823:
5813:
5801:. Retrieved
5795:
5785:
5776:
5770:
5761:
5755:
5746:
5740:
5728:. Retrieved
5714:
5702:. Retrieved
5692:
5673:
5652:, retrieved
5645:the original
5636:
5629:
5622:The Guardian
5621:
5612:
5594:
5587:Moog, Robert
5581:
5572:
5566:
5547:
5540:
5530:19 September
5528:. Retrieved
5524:the original
5514:
5505:
5499:
5479:
5472:
5452:
5445:
5426:
5397:
5369:
5358:
5350:
5346:
5340:Vox V846 Wah
5335:
5323:. Retrieved
5314:
5305:
5276:
5269:
5259:10 September
5257:. Retrieved
5247:
5237:20 September
5235:. Retrieved
5231:the original
5220:
5200:
5193:
5184:
5178:
5170:the original
5165:
5155:
5146:
5140:
5131:
5097:
5077:
5071:
5061:13 September
5059:. Retrieved
5049:
5029:
5022:
5002:
4995:
4986:
4980:
4961:
4954:
4934:
4927:
4918:
4889:
4882:
4857:
4849:
4830:
4823:
4813:18 September
4811:. Retrieved
4801:
4792:13 September
4790:, retrieved
4786:the original
4781:
4771:
4759:. Retrieved
4755:the original
4750:
4741:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4713:
4707:
4692:
4672:
4665:
4654:
4635:
4625:13 September
4623:. Retrieved
4614:
4604:13 September
4602:. Retrieved
4592:
4572:
4565:
4545:
4538:
4518:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4485:
4465:
4457:
4437:
4430:
4402:
4395:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4352:. Retrieved
4337:. New York:
4332:
4324:
4315:
4296:
4289:
4269:
4261:
4241:
4222:
4216:
4204:. Retrieved
4199:
4190:
4178:. Retrieved
4173:
4164:
4152:
4143:
4137:
4125:. Retrieved
4121:the original
4110:
4101:
4081:
4074:
4064:13 September
4062:. Retrieved
4056:
4046:
4027:
4020:
4001:
3994:
3985:12 September
3983:, retrieved
3979:
3969:
3960:
3954:
3945:
3939:
3930:
3924:
3904:
3897:
3877:
3870:
3850:
3843:
3833:10 September
3831:. Retrieved
3816:
3809:
3794:
3774:
3767:
3759:the original
3745:
3736:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3695:
3688:
3668:
3661:
3652:
3627:
3622:
3602:
3595:
3575:
3568:
3558:18 September
3556:. Retrieved
3552:the original
3542:
3532:13 September
3530:. Retrieved
3498:Sound effect
3493:audio mixing
3431:
3425:
3396:and regular
3394:Strobe tuner
3391:
3349:niche market
3346:
3343:Modification
3301:Pete Cornish
3294:
3290:
3272:connection.
3262:preamplifier
3230:upright bass
3226:Bass effects
3224:
3221:Bass effects
3207:Bass effects
3159:controller,
3147:
3145:
3124:loudspeakers
3113:
3112:
3096:
3095:
3050:
3049:
3033:
3032:
3028:phase shifts
2980:
2979:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2936:
2917:
2884:Jimi Hendrix
2858:
2857:
2846:Holy Grail,
2841:
2802:
2801:
2773:live looping
2765:Looper pedal
2764:
2763:
2740:
2712:
2711:
2660:Delay effect
2630:
2620:Guitar World
2618:
2583:Matt Bellamy
2560:
2553:
2530:
2500:
2485:
2478:carrier wave
2474:audio signal
2446:
2445:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2394:audio signal
2379:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2333:carrier wave
2329:audio signal
2322:
2321:
2317:MXR Phase 90
2306:
2274:audio signal
2267:
2266:
2243:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2164:
2149:
2142:audio signal
2119:
2118:
2114:carrier wave
2110:audio signal
2104:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1918:
1905:
1887:
1886:
1864:Talk boxes:
1863:
1799:
1798:
1772:
1760:home stereos
1751:
1747:
1737:
1736:
1732:audio signal
1725:
1713:
1706:
1703:Phil Collins
1695:audio signal
1676:
1675:
1660:
1651:
1648:audio signal
1639:
1633:
1632:
1605:
1596:
1593:audio signal
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1523:synthesizers
1520:
1493:
1464:
1458:
1440:Distortion,
1436:include the
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1395:
1387:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1356:audio signal
1327:
1281:Jim O’Rourke
1259:Joy Division
1236:
1223:Depeche Mode
1208:
1184:Dinosaur Jr.
1161:
1153:
1147:
1111:chorus pedal
1099:Robin Trower
1095:Jimi Hendrix
1069:". In 1968,
1052:
1044:vacuum tubes
1037:
1034:effect pedal
1015:
992:Led Zeppelin
972:James Cotton
968:power chords
961:
941:Goree Carter
937:Howlin' Wolf
928:
916:
911:
887:Scotty Moore
883:Carl Perkins
869:circuits in
856:
819:transformers
795:
762:
743:
706:
703:effect unit.
670:
664:
662:
635:
630:
619:
615:rack unit(s)
607:19-inch rack
602:
600:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:audio signal
508:preamplifier
504:signal chain
495:
493:
481:
472:
463:
454:
443:
412:
375:
364:form factors
361:
358:Form factors
351:
348:effects rack
347:
341:rack mounted
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
283:
247:
207:vacuum tubes
188:
113:
100:
96:
93:effects unit
92:
90:
49:Signal chain
29:
18:Guitar pedal
7767:Music store
7762:Home cinema
7721:Robert Moog
7706:Max Mathews
7630:Piano tuner
7598:Professions
7574:Scorewriter
7531:Synthesizer
7347:Loudspeaker
7010:Click track
6994:Vocal coach
6937:Backup band
6917:professions
6891:Turntablism
6765:Compression
6750:Pitch shift
6710:Overdubbing
6650:Engineering
6071:28 December
5918:19 November
5892:PressReader
5704:9 September
4490:Koda, Cub.
3369:true-bypass
3321:Roger Mayer
3242:bass chorus
3152:is a small
3067:single-coil
2837:surf guitar
2781:guitar solo
2591:Tom Morello
2496:tremolo arm
2398:sub-audible
2381:tremolo bar
2211:comb filter
1831:Mötley Crüe
1754:) specific
1640:compressing
1614:Micro Amp,
1601:guitar solo
1585:clean boost
1105:subsidiary
1101:. In 1976,
1079:phase shift
1063:Purple Haze
1000:Dave Davies
957:Chuck Berry
953:Guitar Slim
917:overdriving
895:Roy Orbison
879:Chet Atkins
835:The Shadows
535:compression
272:Terminology
248:Musicians,
219:Hammond B-3
136:compressors
7864:Rock music
7838:Categories
7757:Home audio
7747:Audiophile
7564:GarageBand
7410:Live music
7352:Headphones
7316:Phonograph
7185:Microphone
7180:Headphones
7126:Electrical
7121:Mechanical
6942:Bandleader
6901:Xenochrony
6856:aesthetics
6820:Noise gate
6780:Distortion
6742:processing
6705:Microphone
5964:interview"
5912:MusicRadar
5888:Future plc
5878:"Iron man"
5856:MusicRadar
5797:MusicRadar
5654:10 October
4751:Gibson.com
4701:Reverb.com
4641:US 3530224
4501:25 January
4492:"Pat Hare"
3509:References
3410:guitar amp
3361:Pro Co RAT
3317:Roger Linn
3169:distortion
3098:Bitcrusher
3051:Simulators
2928:pipe organ
2923:brand name
2833:Rockabilly
2825:algorithms
2814:transducer
2755:Line 6 DL4
2705:media help
2638:A vintage
2627:Time-based
2611:Jack White
2607:Pink Floyd
2599:Audioslave
2575:Ed O'Brien
2537:transposes
2468:sound. In
2437:noise gate
2433:modulation
2341:inharmonic
2337:oscillator
2298:Paul Simon
2290:Billy Joel
2223:The Police
2199:tape decks
2106:Modulation
2098:media help
1951:Modulation
1810:consonants
1678:Noise gate
1635:Compressor
1616:Ernie Ball
1549:A rack of
1461:squarewave
1454:Pro Co RAT
1400:inharmonic
1378:it, which
1340:media help
1288:Distortion
1265:Techniques
1247:Pink Floyd
1229:" and the
1040:transistor
1022:Stompboxes
1008:Neil Young
988:Jimmy Page
949:Ike Turner
913:Distortion
841:Amplifiers
750:compressor
717:distortion
681:scratching
583:road cases
573:Rackmounts
524:controller
398:Stompboxes
286:effect box
227:rackmounts
211:stompboxes
156:modulation
124:rock music
73:distortion
57:compressor
7521:Sequencer
7448:PA system
7377:Subwoofer
7362:PA system
7296:Amplifier
7258:Hard disk
7175:Equalizer
6852:Practices
6755:Auto-Tune
6730:Tape loop
6700:Diffusion
6235:cite book
5325:17 August
4127:3 January
3451:basslines
3357:Boss DS-1
3333:ToadWorks
3250:overdrive
3238:fuzz bass
3234:PA system
3120:amplifier
3071:humbucker
3024:overdrive
3000:Ampeg SVT
2901:punk rock
2888:overtones
2873:distorted
2869:PA system
2789:tape loop
2579:Radiohead
2567:artifacts
2482:frequency
2466:ululating
2402:amplitude
2349:sidebands
2252:Flanger,
2235:Barracuda
2231:Van Halen
2195:spaceship
2191:jet plane
2187:whooshing
2146:frequency
1898:frequency
1839:Joe Walsh
1827:Black Man
1756:frequency
1739:Equalizer
1728:frequency
1687:expanders
1683:attenuate
1589:amplitude
1571:amplitude
1551:rackmount
1489:Fuzz bass
1477:harmonics
1438:Boss DS-1
1392:harmonics
1163:Nevermind
1150:rackmount
1115:amplifier
1032:Fuzz Face
1004:The Kinks
996:Jeff Beck
962:In 1954,
875:tape echo
821:and high
758:fuzz bass
603:rack ears
543:overdrive
464:Wah pedal
416:Fuzz Face
344:road case
310:stomp box
69:overdrive
7569:ProTools
7546:Software
7536:Theremin
7476:Chiptune
7433:Foldback
7263:MiniDisc
6927:Arranger
6886:Sampling
6810:Flanging
6688:Talk box
6179:cite web
5960:in 1994
5730:14 March
5589:(1984),
5377:Archived
4496:AllMusic
3630:, p.95.
3457:See also
3426:controls
3386:stompbox
3244:. Some
3181:flanging
3154:touchpad
3045:Autotune
2984:modeling
2966:auto-wah
2940:overtone
2787:using a
2640:Echoplex
2545:diatonic
2541:interval
2457:semitone
2361:Paranoid
2309:Uni-Vibe
2286:Eruption
1936:Auto-wah
1815:Bon Jovi
1801:Talk box
1793:Talk box
1597:boosting
1541:Dynamics
1483:' song "
1432:Notable
1384:waveform
1380:distorts
1376:clipping
1352:Clipping
1231:Mudhoney
1227:Big Muff
1211:Big Muff
1192:Pavement
1180:J Mascis
1140:Several
1123:flangers
1119:stompbox
1089:used in
1075:Uni-Vibe
964:Pat Hare
823:voltages
814:DeArmond
806:Les Paul
760:effect.
677:DJ mixer
595:Eventide
314:stompbox
266:acoustic
221:organ),
164:flangers
146:such as
140:loudness
7854:Guitars
7665:Tape op
7516:Sampler
6830:Pumping
6795:Ducking
6740:Signal
6600:1 March
6003:27 July
5975:27 July
5862:27 July
5803:27 July
4761:1 April
3443:samples
3325:Strymon
3193:phasing
3177:tremolo
3173:wah-wah
3161:sampler
3100:filters
3075:fretter
3063:Pick up
3041:vocoder
3012:doppler
2992:digital
2613:of the
2556:harmony
2549:octaves
2492:tremolo
2487:vibrato
2476:with a
2448:Vibrato
2396:with a
2386:vibrato
2375:Tremolo
2345:pitches
2331:with a
2233:, and "
2182:Flanger
2160:Nirvana
2151:vibrato
1889:Wah-wah
1656:limiter
1620:Treadle
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