98:, took refuge in Haozhou in early 1353. This strained the city's small resources and factions soon developed. Guo Zixing sided with Peng Da and was kidnapped by the opposing faction led by Sun Deyai and Zhao Qunyong. Zhu Yuanzhang, returning from an expedition, rescued him after bringing Guo's younger wife, her children, and Peng Da to the opposing faction's camp and raiding Sun’s house. Yuan forces under hydraulic engineer
146:, the nominal emperor of the Northern Red Turbans. Zhu Yuanzhang initially did not accept this, saying "Ought the man with the big stick to be able to accept the authority of others?" He later decided to take advantage of Han's legitimacy and employed these two relatives of Guo. Both were killed while participating in Zhu's October 1355 attack on
66:
in
February 1352. Guo Zixing’s role as leader was shaky from the start and he struggled to control his underlings. The Yuan Dynasty’s response to the capture of Haozhou was initially lackluster, consisting of undisciplined village raiding and temple burning. The temple where Zhu Yuanzhang resided was
102:
sieged
Haozhou in winter 1352 and ended in June 1353 after he died. Zhao Qunyong became the strongest leader in Haozhou after Peng Da's death, causing Guo and Zhu to fall out of favor. In fall 1353, Guo Zixing gave an independent commission to Zhu Yuanzhang, beginning the latter's rise to power.
173:, the compiler of the History of Ming, justified his decision to pair Guo Zixing’s (Zhu’s father-in-law’s) biography with that of Han Lin’er’s by pointing out that Zhu swore nominal allegiance to Han until 1367.
150:. Guo Zixing's younger son was made Zhu's second-in-command in April 1356 but was executed after plotting a rebellion. These developments consolidated Zhu's role as de facto leader of the Northern Red Turbans.
67:
burned in
February 1352. He went to Haozhou in April and joined Guo Zixing’s command. Zhu quickly became a favorite of Guo Zixing and Guo's younger wife convinced him to wed his adopted daughter (the future
71:) to Zhu, as he was attracted to her dexterity and mental clarity. He developed a close relationship with Guo's younger wife, eventually taking her daughter as a concubine. Guo then entrusted Zhu with
50:. His father was a fortune teller and his mother was the daughter of a wealthy man. Guo was a good fighter but had a rash temper. As the leader of a local
58:, Guo believed that a time of great change was ahead so he used his money to gather a group of loyal soldiers. He and four friends (one of which was
130:. After a failed Yuan counter siege, Zhu allowed Guo's old enemy, Sun Deyai, to join their forces. This furthered Guo's resentment towards Zhu.
427:
448:
197:
189:
115:. These successes swelled his forces to 20,000 men. Guo Zixing and his 10,000 men then left Zhao Qunyong and joined Zhu.
492:
497:
112:
165:
contained slander against Zhu
Yuanzhang; there was a particular anxiety towards Zhu’s association with the
99:
103:
Meanwhile, Zhao and Guo sieged Xuyi, hoping to capture Xuzhou afterward. Zhao sent Zhu south towards the
487:
142:, and his brother-in-law, Zhang Tianyu, considered themselves Guo's successors and were confirmed by
23:
83:
126:
capturing the city later. Zhu also humiliated Guo's generals, one of whom was Guo's brother-in-law
68:
294:
127:
95:
139:
108:
59:
444:
423:
406:
438:
91:
162:
47:
154:
119:
63:
31:
481:
143:
170:
158:
35:
27:
166:
51:
62:
and all of whom were made commanders-in-chief) led their followers to capture
118:
Tensions developed between Zhu
Yuanzhang and Guo Zixing. Both agreed to take
420:
The
Cambridge History of China Volume 7 The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I
55:
410:
147:
123:
104:
72:
205:
87:
76:
466:
329:
327:
325:
264:
262:
260:
107:
in the hopes that he would fail; Zhu instead captured
Dingyuan,
405:. Chinese Material and Research Aids Service Center, Inc.
356:
354:
312:
310:
308:
138:
Guo Zixing died in Heyang in May 1355. His elder son,
122:, with Guo sending his troops first and Zhu's general
372:
333:
268:
8:
440:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle
418:Mote, Frederick; Twitchett, Denis (1988).
111:, and Chuzhou and ambushed Yuan general
295:"Ming Taizu 明太祖, the Hongwu Emperor 洪武"
232:
182:
384:
360:
345:
316:
251:
239:
90:in late 1352 and two of his generals,
30:of China. He was the father-in-law of
437:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1 July 2011).
161:was concerned when he heard that the
7:
280:
443:. University of Washington Press.
14:
82:Yuan forces under Toqto’a drove
46:Guo Zixing originally came from
422:. Cambridge University Press.
210:
201:
193:
1:
403:Basic Annals of Ming T'ai-tsu
54:societyand a follower of the
34:, the future founder of the
514:
373:Mote & Twitchett 1988
334:Mote & Twitchett 1988
269:Mote & Twitchett 1988
16:Late Yuan dynasty warlord
401:Taylor, Romeyn (1975).
169:society. In response,
493:People from Chuzhou
467:"ChinaKnowledge.de"
198:traditional Chinese
134:Death and aftermath
465:Theobald, Ulrich.
293:Theobald, Ulrich.
190:Simplified Chinese
498:Red Turban rebels
471:ChinaKnowledge.de
429:978-0-521-24332-2
375:, pp. 68–69.
363:, pp. 34–35.
348:, pp. 32–35.
336:, pp. 45–48.
319:, pp. 32–33.
299:chinaknowledge.de
271:, pp. 62–63.
505:
474:
454:
433:
414:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
349:
343:
337:
331:
320:
314:
303:
302:
290:
284:
278:
272:
266:
255:
249:
243:
242:, p. 32-33.
237:
215:
212:
203:
195:
187:
22:(d. 1355) was a
513:
512:
508:
507:
506:
504:
503:
502:
478:
477:
464:
461:
451:
436:
430:
417:
400:
397:
392:
391:
383:
379:
371:
367:
359:
352:
344:
340:
332:
323:
315:
306:
292:
291:
287:
279:
275:
267:
258:
250:
246:
238:
234:
229:
224:
219:
218:
188:
184:
179:
163:History of Ming
136:
56:Maitreya Buddha
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
511:
509:
501:
500:
495:
490:
480:
479:
476:
475:
460:
457:
456:
455:
450:978-0295800226
449:
434:
428:
415:
396:
393:
390:
389:
377:
365:
350:
338:
321:
304:
285:
273:
256:
244:
231:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
217:
216:
181:
180:
178:
175:
155:Kangxi Emperor
135:
132:
84:Sesame Seed Li
43:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
510:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
472:
468:
463:
462:
458:
452:
446:
442:
441:
435:
431:
425:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
398:
394:
386:
381:
378:
374:
369:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
309:
305:
300:
296:
289:
286:
283:, p. 22.
282:
277:
274:
270:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
236:
233:
226:
221:
213:
207:
199:
191:
186:
183:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
133:
131:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
113:Zhang Zhiyuan
110:
106:
105:Yangtze River
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
39:
37:
33:
32:Zhu Yuanzhang
29:
25:
21:
470:
439:
419:
402:
387:, p. 9.
380:
368:
341:
298:
288:
276:
254:, p. 2.
247:
235:
209:
185:
171:Zhang Tingyu
159:Qing Dynasty
152:
137:
128:Zhang Tianyu
117:
96:Zhao Qunyong
81:
45:
36:Ming dynasty
28:Yuan dynasty
26:in the late
24:rebel leader
19:
18:
488:1355 deaths
385:Taylor 1975
361:Taylor 1975
346:Taylor 1975
317:Taylor 1975
252:Taylor 1975
240:Taylor 1975
167:White Lotus
52:White Lotus
482:Categories
411:B076VFSKS1
222:References
211:Guō Zǐxīng
144:Han Lin'er
140:Guo Tianxu
109:Lupai Fort
69:Empress Ma
20:Guo Zixing
281:Tsai 2011
227:Citations
60:Sun Deyai
459:Websites
48:Dingyuan
157:of the
148:Nanjing
124:Tang He
92:Peng Da
73:Chuzhou
64:Haozhou
447:
426:
409:
208::
206:pinyin
200::
192::
120:Hezhou
100:Jia Lu
88:Xuzhou
77:Hezhou
395:Books
177:Notes
86:from
445:ISBN
424:ISBN
407:ASIN
153:The
94:and
75:and
42:Life
202:郭子興
194:郭子兴
484::
469:.
353:^
324:^
307:^
297:.
259:^
204:;
196:;
79:.
38:.
473:.
453:.
432:.
413:.
301:.
214:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.