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243:. It is 39.5-centimetre (15.6 in) high, 137.2-centimetre (54.0 in) long, and 86.5-centimetre (34.1 in) wide. It weighs 215.3 kilograms (475 lb). The four corners are regular fillets and the four feet are all in rectangular shape, and hidden at the bottom of the plate making the mouth of the plate appear large while the bottom small. On each wall outside of the plate, there are two beast heads with rings in the mouths, and decorative patterns in the shape of ware band.
539:), the fourth-generation son of Liu Mingchuan. Liu Zhenhua first flattered him with a beaming face and then he changed the topic, saying that he want to see the plate. Liu Suzeng calmly said that his ancestors did actually collect a plate, but they had never seen it. Liu Zhenhua suddenly turned hostile and commanded his soldiers to search the house. They searched everywhere but found nothing there. Liu Zhenhua sent
442:, and found the manger wide and deep with fuzzy decorative patterns on its four sides. Liu tried to push the manger but failed. It was very unusual and he decided to check it out after dawn. The next day he ordered his attendants to carry out the manger and wash it. The bronze ware was very exquisite and Liu was very fond of it. He immediately sent his trusted followers to transport the manger to his home in
33:
562:. Liu Suzeng answered immediately that they did not have any treasures and if they did, they did not want to be unworthy descendants or the bad apples and traitors of the country to sell it to foreigners. Liu Suzeng thought it over and over and finally hit upon a good idea: they dug a big hole in their yard and buried the plate in the hole and then planted a little
362:
438:, Liu heard clear metal clanks from out of the window. All was quiet at dead of night, so the clanks sounded clear and loud. Liu came to the stable following the sounds, and saw that a horse was eating grass with the bronze rings on the headstall hitting the manger from time to time to make the clanks. Liu was so curious that he bent to look carefully with the
462:, to help him research the bronze ware. Huang told him that most of the bronze plates discovered in the past were round, that rectangular bronze ware were very rare, and that such a large and rectangular plate was even more scarce and even might be the only one of its kind. Also, the inscription clearly showed that the bronze plate was cast by Guoji Zibai of
294:, and gained a complete victory, killing 500 enemies and taking 50 as prisonners. Guoji Zibai cut the enemy's ears off and offered it to the King Xuan, King Xuan held a grand ceremony to honor his achievement and bestowed him a lot of horses and weapons to praise him. Guoji Zibai specially cast the bronze ware to memorize the military operation and honor.
332:
at that time, when a high-ranking official died, his body should stay in the mortuary for seven days. In summer, ice was a must to prevent the body from decaying. Therefore, maybe the plate was a container used for holding ice cubes. But there has been no authoritative final conclusion about the
566:
tree on it. In order to avoid danger, the Liu Family moved to other places with some personal belongings that night to seek asylum for a while. When the
Japanese heard this, they made a wide and extensive search of the Liu's house but found nothing. Finally, they set a fire on more than thirty
558:. After occupying Hefei, the Japanese army set a stronghold less than 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) away from the Liu Family's residence. Soon after, they sent a message to the Liu Family that they would like to exchange a golden plate of the same size for the Guoji Zibai
311:
In ancient China, water held in small plates was used for washing hands and faces, and in large plates it was used for baths. The rings on the outside walls of the plate were probably designed for carrying the plate to pour water conveniently. the Guoji Zibai
498:
by the Qing
Dynasty government, a position he held for almost ten years until his retirement. From then on he lived a reclusive life and didn't care about national affairs any more. The plate became his spiritual ballast in his declining years. In 1894, the
511:". When hearing the news, Liu was so furious that he became ill suddenly and died with indignation. Before he died, he told his descendents again and again that the plate was a national treasure and they should protect, even of it risked their own lives.
639:
had accompanied the Liu Family for eighty-six years and been passed down four generations. The
Ministry of Culture gave the treasure to the National Museum of Chinese History. Later, the National Museum of Chinese History gave the relic to the
587:. The Liu Family had to flee their home to seek asylum once again. Li Pinxian came to Liu's house with his troops and they looked around the house. They also dug up the yard to a depth of three feet but found nothing.
582:
general and then governor of Anhui, ordered Liu Suzeng to hand over the plate, but Liu refused. A few days later, Li
Pinxian deliberately said that Liu had stolen a box full of gold bars, and forced Liu to write an
657:
623:, came to Liu's home with a document from the Central Government. After reading the document and talking with Guo Chongyi, Liu Suzeng decided to donate the treasure to the country along with a bronze
286:
According to the inscription on the plate, in the 12 year of King Xuan of Zhou, also the year of 816 BC, Guoji Zibai was appointed by King Xuan to lead the army to battle with the nomadic tribe
632:
600:
1371:
399:), the then magistrate of Mei County, purchased the plate for 5,000-gram (180 oz) silver from a local peasant. And he brought the plate to his house "Tianyou Hall" (
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is the largest known bronze plate in the world. It enjoys the reputation of the best bronzeware of the
Western Zhou dynasty (1046 BC–771 BC). The Guoji Zibai
466:. After Liu understood the story of the manger, he decided to protect it. Liu specially built an exquisite pavilion in his house, which he named "Plate Pavilion" (
523:
was broke out, China was torn by warlords. Some warlords began to covet all kinds of national and cultural treasures that they knew and heard of. The Guoji Zibai
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asked officials from all over the country to rescue and find cultural and nation treasures and relics that were scattered around the people. Wu
Guichang (
615:
was being preserved in the Liu Family. Wu went to Liu's house many times and asked Liu Suzeng to donate the cultural relic to the country. Guo
Chongyi (
494:
explained that. Empress
Dowager Cixi decreed to bestow the plate to Liu Mingchuan. In 1885, he was appointed as the first provincial governor of
705:[Appreciation of Bronze Ware, the Ji Zibai Plate of the Guo State, one of the Three Important Treasures of the Western Zhou dynasty].
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was large, heavy and inconvenient to use in daily life. It seemed that it was more suitable to hold things in a large volume, just like
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to watch every movement of the Liu Family in the hope of finding where the plate was. The Liu Family spent the next four year in fear.
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725:[Legend of the Ji Zibai Plate of the Guo State, one of the Three Important Bronze Wares of the Western Zhou dynasty].
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The plate was cast in 816 BC, and the writing technique of the inscription on the plate was very similar to those of the
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Understanding
Ancient Chinese Bronzes: Their Importance in Chinese Culture, Their Shapes, Functions and Motifs
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period (220–280) together. On
February 28, 1950, the Liu Family officially donated the plate to the
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came to Liu's home in the name of visiting the descendants of Liu Mingchuan. When meeting Liu Suzeng (
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745:[Art Appreciation of the Inscription on the Ji Zibai Plate of the Guo State].
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328:), which was used to hold ice cube in ancient China. According to the set of
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in the Liu Family was no exception. In May 1933, the then governor of Anhui
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1006:] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House.
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from its inscription and made a lot of copies. He sold it on the market.
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275:(1046 BC–771 BC). The plate was cast in 816 BC, the 12th year of
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960:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House. 2005.
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List of Chinese cultural relics forbidden to be exhibited abroad
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and became the treasure of the Mansion of the Prince Protector.
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on Liu Mingchuan and complained about that. But Liu's superior
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818:[The Liu Mingchuan family vowed to guard the Guoji Zibai
958:
Complete Works of Chinese Bronze Wares: Western Zhou Dynasty
685:[Bronze plate the Ji Zibai Plate of the Guo State].
486:, wanted to buy the plate but Liu refused. Weng told the
422:, led the troops of the Qing Empire to fight against the
303:, which was the earliest collection of poetry in China.
983:] (in Chinese). Anhui: Huangshan Publishing House.
938:] (in English and Chinese). Beijing: Yilin Press.
353:(1836–1896), the third owner of the Guoji Zibai
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482:(1830–1904), a collector and teacher of the
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595:In October 1949, after the establishment of the
507:and the Qing government was forced to sign the "
474:) to preserve the plate. Huang made a piece of
259:According to the inscription, the Guoji Zibai
255:Guoji Zibai pan inscription with transcription
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998:Liu Wei; Duan Guoqiang; Peng Shifan (2016).
8:
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597:Government of the People's Republic of China
403:). In April 1860, it fell into the hands of
197:(1644–1911), it is on display in the
1372:Collection of the National Museum of China
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1021:
981:Complete Works of Chinese Art: Bronze Ware
434:. One night when reading a book under the
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915:. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press.
913:Chinese Bronze Ware: A Mirror of Culture
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37:The Guoji Zibai pan is exhibited in the
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648:has always been kept there ever since.
765:[The story behind the Guoji Zibai
450:. Liu specially invited Huang Congmo (
357:who protected it between 1864 and 1896
177:(1046 BC–771 BC). Excavated in
7:
410:In May 1864, namely the 3rd year of
271:State (1046 BC–687 BC) in the
1382:Archaeological discoveries in China
1004:History of Chinese Art: Bronze Ware
418:(1836–1896), general of the
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458:), who was familiar with ancient
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1:
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235:The rectangular Guoji Zibai
84:215.3-kilogram (475 lb)
1324:Chinese bronze inscriptions
930:Christian Deydier (2016).
1403:
1339:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
862:Wang Qifeng (2011-03-25).
548:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
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896:(in Chinese). 2005-03-20.
846:(in Chinese). 2010-11-19.
826:(in Chinese). 2012-08-25.
793:(in Chinese). 2009-02-21.
773:(in Chinese). 2004-01-28.
749:(in Chinese). 2016-04-29.
729:(in Chinese). 2018-01-01.
709:(in Chinese). 2018-03-04.
621:Chinese Democratic League
619:), a local member of the
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193:(1821–1851) of the
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39:National Museum of China
1377:Zhou dynasty bronzeware
505:First Sino-Japanese War
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932:《读懂中国青铜器：文化、形式、功能与图案》
591:People's Republic era
578:(1892–1987), a
509:Treaty of Shimonoseki
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1387:9th-century BC works
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975:Jin Weinuo (2010).
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175:Western Zhou dynasty
786:虢季子白盘铭文韵律天成早《诗经》数百年
722:西周三大青铜器国宝之一的虢季子白盘传奇
702:青铜器欣赏：西周三大重宝之一虢季子白盘
689:(in Chinese). 2017.
633:Ministry of Culture
601:Ministry of Culture
546:In 1937, after the
503:were routed in the
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644:. The Guoji Zibai
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977:《中国美术全集：青铜器》
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954:《中国青铜器全集：西周》
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515:Republic era
492:Li Hongzhang
424:Taiping Army
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342:Qing dynasty
317:
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239:resembles a
236:
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195:Qing dynasty
191:Daoguang era
170:
169:rectangular
160:
135:
134:Guoji Zibai
133:
131:
105:Guochuansi,
1289:Fujita ram
1281:Fu Hao owl
1081:Fangyi (方彜)
865:虢季子白盘 昔日喂马槽
742:虢季子白盘铭文艺术赏析
529:Liu Zhenhua
480:Weng Tonghe
464:Western Guo
405:Chen Kunshu
366:Weng Tonghe
269:Western Guo
247:Inscription
231:Description
220:), and the
189:during the
1361:Categories
1249:Shi Qiang
1136:TLV mirror
707:cnarts.net
664:References
580:Kuomintang
576:Li Pinxian
570:After the
97:Discovered
1297:Simu Xin
1273:Luboshez
1266:Bianzhong
1233:Mao Gong
1217:Kang Hou
1091:Guang (觥)
1066:Bianzhong
889:虢季子白盘国宝归国
682:“虢季子白”青铜盘
501:Qing army
428:Changzhou
420:Huai Army
337:Discovery
330:etiquette
292:Luo River
222:Mao Gong
1209:Houmuwu
1071:Ding (鼎)
652:See also
436:oil lamp
307:Function
47:Material
1317:Related
1243:fanglei
1126:You (卣)
1116:Lei (罍)
1111:Jue (爵)
1106:Jia (斝)
1096:Gui (簋)
1076:Dui (敦)
844:163.com
824:Eastday
822:].
769:].
747:163.com
627:of the
476:rubbing
440:lantern
393:Shaanxi
288:Xianyun
241:bathtub
203:Beijing
187:Shaanxi
115:Shaanxi
89:Created
1329:Taotie
1177:Da Yu
1169:Da Ke
1161:Da He
1121:Yi (匜)
1101:Hu (壺)
1086:Gu (觚)
1010:
987:
964:
942:
919:
599:, the
564:locust
496:Taiwan
432:manger
381:《庐州府志》
167:bronze
159::
157:pinyin
151::
143::
92:816 BC
81:Weight
65:Height
51:Bronze
1305:Song
1291:guang
1275:guang
1059:Types
1002:[
979:[
956:[
934:[
874:iFeng
791:hexun
541:spies
448:Anhui
444:Hefei
389:Baoji
183:Baoji
153:虢季子白盤
145:虢季子白盘
111:Baoji
73:Width
25:虢季子白盘
1299:ding
1257:Shi
1241:Min
1235:ding
1211:ding
1179:ding
1171:ding
1163:ding
1008:ISBN
985:ISBN
962:ISBN
940:ISBN
917:ISBN
894:sina
771:sina
727:sohu
625:drum
318:Jian
265:虢季子白
224:ding
132:The
57:Long
1307:gui
1283:zun
1259:zun
1251:pan
1227:gui
1225:Li
1219:gui
1203:zun
1201:He
1195:pan
1187:zun
870:pan
820:pan
767:pan
646:pan
637:pan
617:郭崇毅
613:pan
609:吳桂長
605:吴桂长
585:IOU
560:pan
537:劉肅曾
533:刘肃曾
525:pan
456:黃從默
452:黄从默
401:天佑堂
397:徐燮钧
385:pan
370:pan
355:pan
314:pan
261:pan
237:pan
218:散氏盤
214:pan
210:pan
201:in
181:of
171:pan
136:pan
109:of
1363::
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852:^
842:.
799:^
789:.
672:^
607:;
535:;
472:盤亭
470:;
468:盘亭
454:;
446:,
391:,
324:;
283:.
205:.
185:,
155:;
147:;
113:,
1044:e
1037:t
1030:v
1016:.
993:.
970:.
948:.
925:.
379:(
326:鑒
322:鉴
320:(
139:(
41:.
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