49:
547:
538:
353:
37:
25:
17:
213:
the fertile marshy areas could be dried out and used extensively for grain farming. In order to store the growing quantities of harvest a house with greater capacity was needed, which is how the Gulf house came into being.
337:), a room in the living quarters, that is higher than the rest of the rooms because it sits above a half-sunken cellar. This can often be recognised from the outside of such buildings by the window arrangement.
314:
The roof covering of the living area was traditionally made entirely of red clay tiles. By contrast, the lower one-third of the barn roof was covered with tiles, but the upper two-thirds were
485:
322:
roof. Where only one end was half-hipped this was the wind-facing gable end (usually the barn gable). The hip is often surmounted, even today, by a decorative staff or
242:, a storage area for hay, harvest products and tools, which gave this type of house its name. In one of the side bays were compartments or stalls for keeping cattle (
360:
The restructuring of agriculture and the closure of farms have provided opportunities for Gulf farmhouses to be used for other rural purposes. For example, in
153:, monastery granges and Early Modern buildings on farms and manors in France, Britain, the Low Countries, Germany, Scandinavia and the United States. The word
340:
The Gulf house structure is found, albeit sometimes with major or situation-specific modifications such as a side entrance, both on large farm buildings (
864:
169:
The Gulf house owes its emergence to economic circumstances. Before its introduction the inthabitants of the
Frisian North Sea marshes lived in
832:
478:
447:
285:
There was often a semi-circular window in a metal frame over the large barn door which was designed in the form of a stylised rising sun.
471:
303:
The weight of the roof was not carried by the outside walls on this type of building, but by an internal group of posts and beams (
915:
890:
48:
895:
759:
270:) on the other side. The latter derived its name because it was the door through which cattle dung was carried from the
381:
900:
96:
53:
292:) was housed, was surrounded by a dividing wall and was given a cover, so that an additional floor (a so-called
238:, so that the barn area became wider than the living area. The centre of the stable and barn section formed the
150:
686:
634:
619:
170:
197:
was only possible on a few higher-lying areas, whilst the poorly drained marshes were only suitable as
629:
527:
149:
Historically, the Gulf house belongs to a larger group of aisled barns, which also include medieval
905:
614:
189:). These small buildings had enough space for the farmers because they did not have to store large
135:
230:) with stable and barn. By extending the roof downwards in the rear part of the house, side bays (
712:
574:
455:
127:
107:
389:
372:) a former Gulf farmhouse has been converted into a primary school. In Hollen (municipality of
790:
785:
676:
655:
624:
589:
579:
405:
393:
380:) the local Sparkasse bank has moved into a former Gulf farmhouse. The conservation society,
671:
609:
369:
139:
505:(If the same type of house is known by alternative names, it may be linked more than once.)
816:
143:
64:
537:
439:
910:
869:
848:
754:
604:
552:
377:
194:
123:
40:
Roof design of an East
Frisian Gulf house from inside, seen from the threshing floor (
884:
681:
182:
161:('storage floor') and has probably spread in the context of medieval monastic farms.
111:
92:
88:
749:
702:
385:
352:
288:
The front part of the middle section, at the gable end, in which the horse stable (
36:
24:
384:, runs an educational establishment for 'near-natural' farming in a Gulf house in
365:
639:
427:, Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 12 - 2001, CWSS, Wilhelmshaven, 2001. ISSN 0946-896X.
319:
202:
119:
115:
717:
707:
542:
29:
522:
517:
495:
210:
198:
463:
254:). At the gable end of the working area were two doors: a large barn door (
16:
775:
373:
315:
206:
190:
800:
780:
599:
361:
131:
733:
569:
104:
344:) as well as on smaller buildings including farm labourers' houses.
258:) on one side, that gave access for wagons to the threshing floor (
250:("cow passage"). At the far end there was traditionally the privy (
795:
351:
110:. They were distributed across the North Sea coastal regions from
100:
47:
35:
23:
15:
222:
The typical East-Frisian Gulf house consisted of a living space (
300:) was created on which extra hay for winter feeding was stored.
467:
326:, a device that echoes the mystical beliefs of earlier times.
32:. Back of house with barn door (right) and stable door (left).
329:
One feature of many older Gulf farmhouses is the so-called
20:
A Gulf house in the district of Leer - front and barn door
425:
Landscape and
Cultural Heritage in the Wadden Sea Region
356:
Conversion: a bank in a former Gulf farmhouse in Hollen
246:). The walkway running in front of them was called the
857:
841:
825:
809:
768:
742:
726:
695:
664:
648:
562:
510:
205:. As drainage technology improved with the use of
91:that emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries in
479:
8:
456:Types of farmhouses of the Wadden Sea Region
486:
472:
464:
318:. The roof was usually in the shape of a
99:. Initially Gulf houses appeared in the
416:
134:). This spread was interrupted by the
95:. It is timber-framed and built using
7:
833:Decorated Farmhouses of HĂ€lsingland
448:Gulf house in the Weser-Ems region
14:
226:) and an adjoining working area (
545:
536:
234:) were created, the so-called
1:
157:is derived from Scandinavian
142:instead, better known as the
52:Farm labourer's house at the
266:, and a small, double door (
28:Gulf house in brick in the
932:
534:
138:which developed a type of
103:, but later spread to the
97:post-and-beam construction
54:Cloppenburg Museum Village
760:Mas (Provençal farmhouse)
503:
440:Gulf house in East Frisia
423:Vollmer, Manfred et al.,
175:Altfriesischer Bauernhaus
130:(as a variant called the
916:Timber framed buildings
891:Vernacular architecture
896:Architecture in Frisia
357:
171:Old Frisian farmhouses
68:
56:
45:
33:
21:
687:Old Frisian longhouse
635:Uthland-Frisian house
620:Old Frisian farmhouse
355:
179:oud-Friese boerenhuis
51:
39:
27:
19:
630:Upper Lusatian house
528:Neolithic long house
615:Middle German house
136:Elbe-Weser Triangle
713:Dartmoor longhouse
585:East Frisian house
575:Black Forest house
358:
128:Schleswig-Holstein
81:East Frisian house
57:
46:
34:
22:
901:Houses in Germany
878:
877:
677:Frisian farmhouse
590:Geestharden house
406:Geestharden house
388:(municipality of
364:(municipality of
71:), also called a
923:
672:Bildts farmhouse
610:Low German house
555:
550:
549:
548:
540:
488:
481:
474:
465:
460:
452:
444:
428:
421:
278:; remove dung =
140:Low German house
87:), is a type of
931:
930:
926:
925:
924:
922:
921:
920:
881:
880:
879:
874:
853:
837:
821:
817:Cascina a corte
805:
764:
738:
722:
691:
660:
644:
625:Schleswig house
558:
551:
546:
544:
541:
532:
506:
499:
492:
458:
450:
442:
436:
431:
422:
418:
414:
402:
390:SĂŒdbrookmerland
370:Aurich district
350:
220:
181:), a so-called
167:
144:Low Saxon house
12:
11:
5:
929:
927:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
883:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
867:
861:
859:
855:
854:
852:
851:
849:Gozo Farmhouse
845:
843:
839:
838:
836:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
813:
811:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
793:
791:Casa montañesa
788:
786:Cabaña pasiega
783:
778:
772:
770:
766:
765:
763:
762:
757:
755:Lorraine house
752:
746:
744:
740:
739:
737:
736:
730:
728:
724:
723:
721:
720:
715:
710:
705:
699:
697:
693:
692:
690:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
666:
662:
661:
659:
658:
656:Cimbrian house
652:
650:
646:
645:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
605:Lorraine house
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
580:Cimbrian house
577:
572:
566:
564:
560:
559:
557:
556:
553:Housing portal
535:
533:
531:
530:
525:
520:
514:
512:
508:
507:
504:
501:
500:
493:
491:
490:
483:
476:
468:
462:
461:
453:
445:
435:
434:External links
432:
430:
429:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
401:
398:
349:
346:
219:
216:
195:Cereal farming
166:
163:
85:Ostfriesenhaus
73:Gulf farmhouse
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
928:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
860:
856:
850:
847:
846:
844:
840:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
814:
812:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
767:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
741:
735:
732:
731:
729:
725:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
698:
694:
688:
685:
683:
682:Frisian house
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
667:
663:
657:
654:
653:
651:
647:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
565:
561:
554:
543:
539:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
513:
509:
502:
497:
489:
484:
482:
477:
475:
470:
469:
466:
457:
454:
449:
446:
441:
438:
437:
433:
426:
420:
417:
411:
407:
404:
403:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Leer district
375:
371:
367:
363:
354:
347:
345:
343:
338:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
286:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
217:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:Wohnstallhaus
184:
183:byre-dwelling
180:
176:
172:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:West Flanders
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:North Germany
90:
89:byre-dwelling
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
55:
50:
43:
38:
31:
26:
18:
750:Bresse house
703:Bastle house
594:
584:
511:Old European
459:(in English)
424:
419:
386:Wiegboldsbur
359:
341:
339:
334:
330:
328:
323:
313:
308:
304:
302:
297:
293:
289:
287:
284:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
186:
178:
174:
168:
158:
154:
148:
114:through the
84:
80:
76:
72:
60:
58:
41:
640:Waldlerhaus
451:(in German)
443:(in German)
320:half-hipped
309:stÄÄpelwùrk
305:StÀnderwerk
268:messeldööer
203:pastureland
151:tithe barns
120:East Frisia
116:Netherlands
906:Farmhouses
885:Categories
865:Carpathian
858:Carpathian
718:Hall house
708:Blackhouse
595:Gulf house
412:References
348:Other uses
296:, plural:
262:) and the
256:sÄĂŒerdööer
211:watermills
126:as far as
61:Gulf house
30:Wangerland
523:Longhouse
518:Housebarn
496:farmhouse
494:European
366:Krummhörn
228:achterÀen
207:windmills
199:grassland
165:Emergence
124:Oldenburg
870:Zakopane
776:Alqueria
400:See also
374:Uplengen
335:upkÄÄmer
331:Upkammer
316:thatched
274:(dung =
236:Ć«tkĂŒbben
232:Abseiten
224:fööerÀen
191:harvests
69:Gulfhaus
826:Swedish
810:Italian
801:Palloza
781:Baserri
769:Spanish
696:British
600:Haubarg
362:Loquard
324:Malljan
290:pĂȘrstĂąl
272:kaugĂąng
248:kaugĂąng
244:kaustĂąl
132:Haubarg
105:Frisian
101:marshes
77:Gulfhof
743:French
734:Chalet
649:Danish
570:Ansitz
563:German
394:Aurich
342:plÄÄts
298:hillen
280:messen
260:dösdĂȘl
218:Design
65:German
911:Barns
842:Malta
796:Masia
727:Swiss
665:Dutch
498:types
276:mÀers
252:gemak
108:geest
79:) or
42:Tenne
382:NABU
294:hiel
264:Gulf
240:Gulf
209:and
201:and
159:gulv
155:Gulf
122:and
396:).
311:).
307:or
282:).
177:or
887::
392:,
376:,
368:,
193:.
146:.
118:,
67::
59:A
487:e
480:t
473:v
333:(
185:(
173:(
83:(
75:(
63:(
44:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
