311:
265:
300:
176:
612:
220:
192:
149:
277:
85:
45:
231:
160:
598:
133:
289:
117:
204:
247:
472:
exchanged for more valuable foreign currencies to be used by the smugglers to buy more gold. Towards the end of the 1950s, the volume of gold trafficking had become so large that it inevitably precipitated a serious depletion in the foreign cash reserves at the Indian
Reserve Bank and was causing economic damage arising directly from the smuggling operations.
531:
Notes were issued in denominations of ₹1 by the Indian government and ₹5, ₹10 and ₹100 by the
Reserve Bank of India. The notes were in designs very similar to the standard Indian notes but were printed in different colours. While the ₹1 and ₹10 notes were printed in red, the ₹5 notes were printed in
471:
had complained of gold traffickers in the Gulf region whose base of operations was constantly being broadened, especially in Kuwait, Bahrain and Dubai. Smugglers used to take gold to the Indian sub-continent and return with Indian rupees which were valid for circulation in the region and were
479:
created the Gulf rupee, initially at par with the Indian rupee. It was introduced as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation exclusively outside the country. Effectively, the common currency area now did not include India.
1128:
483:
On 6 June 1966, India devalued the Gulf rupee against the Indian rupee. Following the devaluation, several of the states still using the Gulf rupee adopted their own currencies.
1332:
49:
One Gulf rupee, similar to the regular One Indian rupee note issued in India, but printed in red and containing a "Z" letter prefix in the serial number.
1076:
450:. That meant, in effect, that the Indian rupee was the common currency in those territories as well as in India. The Indian rupee was pegged to the
430:
To the middle of the 20th century, the Indian rupee was also used as the official currency in the emirates on the eastern
Arabian Peninsula, namely
1312:
1307:
630:
545:
712:
435:
269:
519:
continued to use the Gulf rupee until 1970, with the government backing the currency at its old peg to the pound, when it adopted the
532:
orange and the ₹100 notes were printed in green. The serial numbers of the banknotes issued in all denominations were prefixed by a
1185:
973:
625:
1322:
1317:
1302:
1327:
1297:
346:
1098:
1113:
1133:
55:
185:
169:
579:
415:
334:
1211:
883:
831:
785:
407:
235:
224:
197:
164:
153:
1216:
1093:
1083:
966:
667:
476:
468:
431:
411:
281:
899:
895:
511:, which was equal to the Gulf rupee prior to its devaluation, effectively the Indian rupee value.
1169:
1088:
1003:
617:
903:
1256:
1206:
1148:
1045:
1025:
1020:
383:
1236:
1143:
1108:
1050:
777:
757:
439:
304:
209:
1251:
1153:
1040:
1030:
872:
447:
371:
293:
33:
1292:
1123:
1035:
959:
943:
887:
857:
822:
809:
781:
742:
723:
702:
504:
496:
443:
315:
142:
126:
44:
1286:
1071:
1013:
891:
678:
488:
451:
110:
951:
1066:
1008:
913:
642:
603:
508:
491:
in 1961, pegged to the Indian rupee, which was still pegged to the pound sterling.
419:
387:
351:
328:
99:
95:
78:
1271:
1226:
1138:
1118:
768:
359:
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.
213:
89:
1231:
1201:
923:
593:
520:
240:
512:
390:
between 1959 and 1966 (1970 Oman). These areas today form the countries of
982:
861:
746:
379:
1246:
492:
395:
137:
1261:
484:
391:
121:
475:
As a result of the strain on India's foreign reserves, in 1959 the
1266:
1241:
1221:
987:
652:
500:
399:
180:
516:
403:
251:
955:
840:
devaluation of the Gulf rupee before delivery of replacement
794:
devaluation of the Gulf rupee before delivery of replacement
567:
16:
Former currency of
British Persian Gulf protectorates
912:
the Gulf rupee circulated primarily near the coast (
626:
The Bank Notes of the Qatar and Dubai
Currency Board
1194:
1178:
1162:
1059:
996:
345:
340:
326:
321:
258:
106:
74:
69:
61:
54:
24:
507:(after 1971, United Arab Emirates) adopted the
967:
499:in 1965, at the rate of 1 dinar = 10 rupees.
8:
651:creation of new currency for use outside of
25:
19:
974:
960:
952:
382:used in the British protectorates of the
635:
557:
1333:Currencies of the United Arab Emirates
18:
919:
869:
818:
806:
764:
754:
719:
709:
674:
664:
638:
7:
515:used the Bahraini dinar until 1973.
546:British currency in the Middle East
375:
26:
14:
610:
596:
309:
298:
287:
275:
263:
245:
229:
218:
202:
190:
174:
158:
147:
131:
115:
83:
43:
565:Taryam, Abdulla Omran (2019).
1:
1313:Currencies introduced in 1959
569:. Routledge. pp. 59–60.
582:(Amendment) Act, 1 May 1959
1349:
1308:Modern obsolete currencies
1129:Netherlands Indian roepiah
418:and was equivalent to the
1099:German East African rupie
1077:Japanese occupation rupee
464:Indian rupees = 1 pound.
357:
65:1, 5, 10, 100 Gulf rupees
42:
1114:Italian Somaliland rupia
1134:Portuguese Indian rupia
631:Gulf Rupees - A History
410:. It was issued by the
847:1 dinar = 10 rupees =
732:1 dinar = 10 rupees =
186:Qatari and Dubai riyal
170:Qatari and Dubai riyal
1323:Currencies of Bahrain
801:1 riyal = 1.065 rupee
580:Reserve Bank of India
509:Qatar and Dubai riyal
416:Reserve Bank of India
335:Reserve Bank of India
1318:Currencies of Kuwait
1212:History of the rupee
1094:French Indian roupie
884:Maria Theresa thaler
408:United Arab Emirates
386:that are around the
198:United Arab Emirates
1303:Currencies of India
1217:History of the taka
1084:Danish Indian rupee
469:Government of India
412:Government of India
378:) was the official
21:
1328:Currencies of Oman
1298:Currencies of Asia
1089:East African rupee
1004:Bhutanese ngultrum
814:1959 – 1966
762:1959 – 1966
717:1959 – 1965
672:1959 – 1961
618:Numismatics portal
1280:
1279:
1207:Indian rupee sign
1149:West Irian rupiah
1046:Seychellois rupee
1026:Maldivian rufiyaa
1021:Indonesian rupiah
950:
949:
946:
917:
906:
877:1959 – 1970
865:
841:
834:
802:
795:
788:
750:
705:
662:
655:
477:Indian government
384:Arabian Peninsula
364:
363:
1340:
1144:Travancore rupee
1109:Hyderabadi rupee
1051:Sri Lankan rupee
976:
969:
962:
953:
941:
940:
936:
928:
908:
881:Concurrent with:
879:
856:
855:
851:
843:
836:
827:
797:
790:
773:
741:
740:
736:
728:
700:
699:
695:
692:
683:
657:
647:
636:
620:
615:
614:
613:
606:
601:
600:
599:
583:
577:
571:
570:
562:
503:and most of the
487:had adopted the
463:
462:
458:
377:
331:
314:
313:
312:
303:
302:
301:
292:
291:
290:
280:
279:
278:
268:
267:
266:
250:
249:
248:
234:
233:
232:
223:
222:
221:
208:
206:
205:
196:
194:
193:
179:
178:
177:
163:
162:
161:
152:
151:
150:
136:
135:
134:
120:
119:
118:
88:
87:
86:
47:
37:
29:
28:
22:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1190:
1174:
1158:
1154:Zanzibari rupee
1055:
1041:Pakistani rupee
1031:Mauritian rupee
992:
980:
938:
934:
933:
927:
921:
907:
878:
876:
873:Muscat and Oman
853:
849:
848:
842:
835:
826:
820:
813:
796:
789:
772:
766:
761:
738:
734:
733:
727:
721:
716:
697:
693:
690:
688:
682:
676:
671:
656:
646:
640:
616:
611:
609:
602:
597:
595:
592:
587:
586:
578:
574:
564:
563:
559:
554:
542:
529:
460:
456:
455:
454:at a rate of 13
428:
327:
310:
308:
307:
299:
297:
296:
294:Muscat and Oman
288:
286:
285:
276:
274:
273:
264:
262:
246:
244:
239:
230:
228:
219:
217:
212:
203:
201:
191:
189:
184:
175:
173:
168:
159:
157:
148:
146:
141:
132:
130:
125:
116:
114:
93:
84:
82:
50:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:Mombasan rupee
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:Nepalese rupee
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
993:
981:
979:
978:
971:
964:
956:
948:
947:
944:pound sterling
918:
888:Bahraini dinar
867:
866:
858:pound sterling
823:Bahraini dinar
816:
815:
810:Trucial States
804:
803:
782:Trucial States
763:
752:
751:
743:pound sterling
724:Bahraini dinar
718:
707:
706:
703:pound sterling
673:
663:
634:
633:
628:
622:
621:
607:
591:
590:External links
588:
585:
584:
572:
556:
555:
553:
550:
549:
548:
541:
538:
528:
525:
505:Trucial States
497:Bahraini dinar
444:Trucial States
427:
424:
362:
361:
355:
354:
349:
343:
342:
338:
337:
332:
324:
323:
319:
318:
316:Trucial States
260:
256:
255:
143:Bahraini dinar
127:Bahraini dinar
108:
104:
103:
94:(Replaced the
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1345:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:Burmese rupee
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:Digital rupee
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
989:
984:
977:
972:
970:
965:
963:
958:
957:
954:
945:
931:
926:
925:
920:Succeeded by:
915:
911:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:Kuwaiti dinar
889:
885:
882:
875:
874:
868:
863:
859:
846:
839:
833:
830:
825:
824:
819:Succeeded by:
817:
812:
811:
805:
800:
793:
787:
783:
779:
776:
771:
770:
765:Succeeded by:
760:
759:
753:
748:
744:
731:
726:
725:
720:Succeeded by:
715:
714:
708:
704:
686:
681:
680:
679:Kuwaiti dinar
675:Succeeded by:
670:
669:
660:
654:
650:
645:
644:
637:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
608:
605:
594:
589:
581:
576:
573:
568:
561:
558:
551:
547:
544:
543:
539:
537:
535:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Kuwaiti dinar
486:
481:
478:
473:
470:
465:
453:
452:British pound
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
373:
369:
360:
356:
353:
350:
348:
344:
339:
336:
333:
330:
325:
320:
317:
306:
295:
283:
271:
261:
257:
253:
242:
237:
226:
215:
211:
199:
187:
182:
171:
166:
155:
144:
139:
128:
123:
112:
111:Kuwaiti dinar
109:
105:
101:
98:usage in the
97:
91:
80:
77:
73:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:Denominations
53:
46:
41:
35:
23:
1186:Hylian rupee
1103:
1067:Afghan rupee
1009:Indian rupee
986:
929:
922:
909:
900:Muscat baiza
896:Dhofar baiza
880:
871:Currency of
870:
844:
837:
828:
821:
808:Currency of
807:
798:
791:
774:
767:
756:Currency of
755:
729:
722:
711:Currency of
710:
684:
677:
666:Currency of
665:
658:
648:
643:Indian rupee
641:
639:Preceded by:
604:Money portal
575:
566:
560:
533:
530:
495:created the
482:
474:
466:
429:
420:Indian rupee
388:Persian Gulf
376:روبية خليجية
367:
365:
358:
352:Indian rupee
329:Central bank
284:(Until 1961)
272:(Until 1965)
96:Indian rupee
79:Indian rupee
70:Demographics
27:روبية خليجية
1139:Riau rupiah
1119:Javan rupee
997:Circulating
942:rupees = 1
932:1 rial = 13
769:Saudi riyal
701:rupees = 1
347:Pegged with
214:Saudi riyal
107:Replaced by
90:British Raj
1287:Categories
1202:Rupee sign
1170:Petrorupee
1163:Conceptual
1104:Gulf rupee
991:or similar
983:Currencies
924:Omani rial
904:Oman baiza
687:1 dinar =
552:References
521:Omani rial
406:, and the
368:Gulf rupee
241:Omani rial
20:Gulf rupee
1179:Fictional
862:shillings
832:Abu Dhabi
829:Location:
786:Abu Dhabi
775:Location:
747:shillings
527:Banknotes
513:Abu Dhabi
341:Valuation
236:Abu Dhabi
227:; except
165:Abu Dhabi
62:Banknotes
1195:See also
864:sterling
749:sterling
540:See also
414:and the
380:currency
322:Issuance
75:Replaced
1247:Ashrafi
1060:Defunct
937:⁄
852:⁄
838:Reason:
792:Reason:
784:except
737:⁄
713:Bahrain
696:⁄
649:Reason:
493:Bahrain
459:⁄
436:Bahrain
426:History
396:Bahrain
270:Bahrain
259:User(s)
200:; only
156:; only
138:Bahrain
1262:Cowrie
985:named
930:Ratio:
914:Muscat
902:, and
845:Ratio:
799:Ratio:
730:Ratio:
685:Ratio:
668:Kuwait
661:at par
659:Ratio:
485:Kuwait
446:, and
442:, the
432:Kuwait
392:Kuwait
372:Arabic
282:Kuwait
207:
195:
122:Kuwait
38:
34:Arabic
30:
1293:Rupee
1267:Dinar
1242:Mohur
1237:Larin
1222:Paisa
988:rupee
910:Note:
860:= 15
778:Qatar
758:Qatar
745:= 15
653:India
501:Qatar
440:Qatar
400:Qatar
305:Qatar
210:Dubai
181:Qatar
1272:Tola
1252:Cash
1227:Anna
780:and
517:Oman
467:The
448:Oman
404:Oman
366:The
252:Oman
100:Gulf
1257:Dam
1232:Pie
225:UAE
154:UAE
1289::
898:,
894:,
890:,
886:,
689:13
536:.
523:.
438:,
434:,
422:.
402:,
398:,
394:,
374::
975:e
968:t
961:v
939:3
935:1
916:)
854:4
850:3
739:4
735:3
698:3
694:1
691:+
534:Z
461:3
457:1
370:(
254:)
243:(
238:)
216:(
188:(
183:)
172:(
167:)
145:(
140:)
129:(
124:)
113:(
102:)
92:)
81:(
36:)
32:(
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