544:"to understand Mexicoʼs gun problem it is necessary to recognize that the same economic law of supply and demand that fuels drug smuggling into the United States also fuels gun smuggling into Mexico. Black-market guns in Mexico can fetch up to 300 percent of their normal purchase price — a profit margin rivaling the narcotics the cartels sell. Even if it were somehow possible to hermetically seal the U.S.-Mexico border and shut off all the guns coming from the United States, the cartels would still be able to obtain weapons elsewhere — just as narcotics would continue to flow into the United States from other places. The United States does provide cheap and easy access to certain types of weapons and ammunition. Furthermore, as demonstrated by groups such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, weapons can be easily obtained from other sources via the black arms market — albeit at a higher price".
701:", but conservatives believe bans on less lethal varieties of guns encourage the substitution of more lethal types of guns. These gun supporters also argue that gun bans would increase injuries and deaths if the gun bans apply to everyone (both criminals and non-criminals), based on the belief that compliance rates to the bans would be lower among criminals than non-criminals, thus implying a larger decrease in gun possession among non-criminals than criminals. Instead, conservatives believe gun restrictions should be selectively applied to high-risk subsets of the population, but not to the least lethal subtypes of firearms, as this encourages substitution.
690:. Still, conservatives argue that gun suicides are commonly committed in the victim's home, where the victim is also the gun owner and therefore has access to the key or combination if the gun is locked. Like suicides, a large share of fatal gun accidents occur in the victim's home, with adults and adolescents accidentally shooting themselves. In 2003, only 51 out of 730 fatal gun accidents in the United States had victims younger than 13. Conservatives argue that publicity about the dangers of keeping unlocked guns in the home, rather than the existence of laws, may better raise awareness of the risks of storing unlocked guns.
34:
405:
356:, generally a lobbyist for gun control & an international grantmaking network founded by business magnate George Soros, in March 2000, Texas received a score of negative six (−6) when evaluated on the restrictions imposed by its gun control laws. Each state was scored on 30 criteria, with each criterion assigned a maximum numeric value between 0 and 7. States scoring highest on each criterion are considered to have the toughest gun laws. The only states scoring lower than Texas are
584:, the primary agencies implementing efforts to address the issue, do not effectively coordinate their efforts, in part because the agencies lack clear roles and responsibilities and have been operating under an outdated interagency agreement. Additionally, agencies generally have not systematically gathered, analyzed, and reported data that could be useful to help plan and assess results of their efforts to address arms trafficking to Mexico.
236:
605:, a state suffering from the nation's worst injury mortality rates for many specific causes, a childhood gun safety program was designed and implemented over a four-month period in late 1990. This model has been described as a potential model to be used by other states or communities interested in childhood injury prevention. The components of the program include:
395:
In 2009, 11,611 weapons arrests were made in the state of Texas. "Weapons" is defined as the "violation of laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment, or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, incendiary devices, or other deadly
527:
are cited as sources for guns used in crime. However, gun shows represent just one of the venues that supply firearms for criminal use. Gun shows are more frequently an intermediate source of crime guns, supplying organized gun trafficking operations. A federal investigation initiated between 1996
425:
in Texas have been committed with firearms. The year with the most gun homicides was 1991 with 1,835 and has steadily been declining since then and now total firearms homicides account for less than 1,000 per year. The rate of firearms homicides per 100,000 people in Texas had declined to around 4
536:
and Texas from 2003 to 2006 showed that 49.5% were recovered within 25 miles of the initial point of sale. Data from this study also suggested that guns purchased at gun shows travel an even greater distance from the point of sale to the place of use in crime. Studies suggest that gun shows are a
670:
Others have asserted that the
Columbine killings could have been prevented or reduced if teachers or guards were armed with guns. However, gun control supporters argue that an armed deputy sheriff arrived just five minutes after the Columbine shooting began and was still unable to stop subsequent
666:
When faced with public policy propositions for tougher controls over gun show transfers, or even bans on gun shows, anticontrol conservatives claim that blocking just one source of guns would not prevent a criminal from getting a gun. Advocates of gun show restrictions claim that many criminals
587:
Before the recently released
National Southwest Border Counternarcotics Strategy, the U.S. government lacked a strategy to address arms trafficking to Mexico. Various efforts undertaken by individual U.S. agencies were not part of a comprehensive U.S. government-wide strategy for addressing the
652:
also cite the methods through which the two
Columbine shooters obtained their guns as examples of the inefficacy of gun controls. For example, an 18-year-old friend of the killers purchased all of the long guns used during the shootings from three different unlicensed vendors at a gun show in
674:
Some gun control advocates assert that youth access to guns is attributable to the failure of gun owners, especially parents, to secure their guns properly. These advocates favor child access prevention (CAP) laws that require owners to keep their guns locked up and/or hold adult gun owners
329:
supports these local efforts through national leadership and financial assistance. However, the federal government has used its regulatory authority over interstate affairs to prohibit activities on a nationwide basis that contribute to criminal activity. Title IV (State
Firearms Control
622:
Physician and health care professionals have played instrumental roles in other types of injury prevention programs (including poison prevention and child motor vehicle restraint awareness). They so are seen as resources to spread messages to parents about firearm safety issues.
639:, including calls for restrictions on gun shows, child access prevention laws mandating the locking up of guns, and bans on assault weapons. However, some policy analysts argue that the specific gun control measures proposed in the Columbine aftermath are largely irrelevant.
412:
In 2009, 65,561 total convictions were reported to the Texas State
Criminal Repository for various offenses committed by individuals age 21 and over. Of those convicted, 101 individuals held a license to carry a concealed handgun at the time the offense was committed.
653:
December 1998. Controls over gun shows were seen as irrelevant to preventing the
Columbine shootings because the friend who legally purchased the long guns could have also legally purchased the very same guns in a gun store. Other pro-gun conservatives cite a 2003
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indicates these criminal organizations have tasked their money-laundering, distribution and transportation infrastructures with reaching into the United States to acquire firearms and ammunition. These
Mexican DTO infrastructures have become the leading
309:
Those who believe the individual right to self-defence is inalienable, and the lawful use of firearms should not be infringed upon before thorough due process, especially in response to, or in the name of preventing, criminal acts of gun
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As a general rule, one-third of crime guns recovered in most cities are purchased out of state, and another third are purchased in the same state but outside the immediate vicinity. An analysis of data for traced guns recovered in
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report, which concluded that "there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of any of the firearms laws or combination of laws reviewed on violent outcomes." Alternatively, a study in
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and law enforcement personnel have become casualties of the firearms-related violence. DTOs operating in Mexico rely on firearms suppliers to enforce and maintain their illicit narcotics operations.
469:(ATF) has seized thousands of firearms headed to Mexico. ATF has analyzed firearms seizures in Mexico from FY 2005-07 and identified the following weapons most commonly used by drug traffickers:
557:'s annual National Drug Threat Assessment has reported Mexican DTOs and criminal groups are the most influential drug traffickers and the greatest organizational threat to the United States.
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Growing criminal activity in Mexico, particularly in communities across the
Southwest border, has raised concerns that the violence might spill over to the United States. Since 2006,
433:, in 2014, measuring the number of deaths due to injury by firearms per 100,000 of the population, Texas ranked 30th out of the 50 states and D.C. with 10.7 deaths per 100,000.
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U.S. officials note the violence associated with
Mexican DTOs poses a serious challenge for U.S. law enforcement, threatening citizens on both sides of the border. The
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is considered to have some of the most relaxed gun laws in the United States. Public concerns over gun control in Texas have increased in recent years as
Mexican
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was passed in 1993 and set national minimum requirements for firearms purchases. The main focus of the Brady Act is to prevent felons from obtaining firearms.
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697:, a gun control advocacy group, favored the banning of all handguns. Other advocacy groups have called for banning small, inexpensive handguns known as "
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and 1998 on illegal gun trafficking found that nearly 26,000 trafficked guns (30% of all guns linked to the investigations) had been sold at gun shows.
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more likely choice for criminal gun trafficking operations, which often move guns long distances across state lines or borders with Mexico and Canada.
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issued 123,325 concealed handgun licenses. During that same period, 622 applications were denied, 590 licenses were suspended, and 539 were revoked.
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Those who believe gun control laws are ineffective in reducing gun-related accidents and crime and thus support fewer gun control measures.
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issued the greatest number of licenses in Texas. Over 16%, or 20,564, of all licenses issued within Texas were issued in Harris County.
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responsible if a youth accesses a poorly secured gun and causes harm with it. Conservatives argue that these laws ignore two facts:
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Law enforcement reporting indicates Mexican DTOs maintain drug distribution networks or supply drugs to distributors in at least 230
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Those who believe gun control laws effectively reduce gun-related accidents and crime and should be enforced by the government.
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DeFrances and Smith (Summer 1994). "Federal-State Relations in Gun Control: The 1993 Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act".
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Others doubt that gun controls possess any preventative efficacy. In response to the Columbine shootings, a columnist of
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289:. They have also increased due to the number of incidents, including misuse of firearms stolen from other sources.
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564:. Mexican DTOs control most of the U.S. drug market and are gaining strength in markets they do not yet control.
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Firearms Trafficking: U.S. Efforts to Combat Arms Trafficking to Mexico Face Planning and Coordination Challenges
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argued that these killers "would have shot their way through a metal-detection device at the schoolhouse door."
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The majority of criminal justice activity in the United States takes place at the state and local levels. The
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routes to the United States and engaging in turf battles for disputed distribution territories. Hundreds of
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Gun owners who store guns loaded and unlocked do so to keep them ready for use in defense against criminals
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claims that fewer restrictions on handguns will result in increasing numbers of injuries and deaths.
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A factor for Texas' low ranking is its lack of minimum legal age requirements for gun possession.
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1277:"First Reports Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies for Preventing Violence: Firearms Laws"
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Defensive use of guns is both common and effective in preventing injury and property loss.
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on the morning of April 20, 1999, demand for more gun control measures increased from the
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Kleck (June 2009). "Mass Shootings in Schools: The Worst Possible Case for Gun Control".
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weapons." This number represents a 3.9% decrease over the weapons arrests made in 2008.
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acquire guns from professional gun traffickers, who acquire their guns from gun shows.
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989:"US Census Bureau: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States"
170:
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1015:"Number of Deaths Due to Injury by Firearms per 100,000 Population Timeframe: 2014"
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649:
473:
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1034:. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. August 2008. Archived from
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Increasing awareness amongst health care professionals and patients on gun safety
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963:"Bureau of Justice Statistics: State level homicide trends and characteristics"
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1062:"Gun Shows and Gun Violence: Fatally Flawed Study Yields Misleading Results"
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1183:"Children and Firearms: A Gunshot Injury Prevention Program in new Mexico"
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Wintemute and Hemenway and Webster and Pierce and Braga (October 2010).
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in the year 2000, but has risen since, to nearly 6 in 2005 (see chart).
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Increasing gun safety awareness through public service announcements
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were two federal reactions to handgun violence. More recently, the
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Gun control advocates also favor CAP laws as a means of preventing
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Those who believe that the private ownership of guns reduces crime.
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continue to commit violent crimes closer to Texas' stretch of the
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Drazen JM, Morrissey S, Curfman GD (2008). "Guns and health".
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Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
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According to the Stratfor Consultancy headquartered in Texas,
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1388:
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Most of the firearms violence in Mexico is perpetrated by
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A Guide to Sources of Texas Criminal Justice Statistics
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Reaching gun owners to help spread prevention messages
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Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
1026:
1024:
467:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
1350:. Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2011.
1431:Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics - Guns
1148:, United States Government Accountability Office
618:Monitoring progress and continuing the program.
462:organizations operating in the United States.
421:For the period 1976–2005, two thirds of total
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8:
1112:Mexico's Gun Supply and the 90 Percent Myth
549:Gun violence across the Texas-Mexico border
16:Aspect of gun politics in the United States
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910:Texas Department of Public Safety (2010).
863:Texas Department of Public Safety (2010).
816:Texas Department of Public Safety (2010).
655:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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251:
18:
1369:US Office of National Drug Control Policy
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1085:
1017:. kff.org Kaiser Family Foundation. 2016.
716:Gun laws in the United States (by state)
582:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
296:laws generally produces four arguments:
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198:Right to keep and bear arms in the U.S.
171:International treaties for arms control
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1468:Gun laws in the United States by state
1181:Becker and Olson and Vick (Feb 1993).
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928:
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881:
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437:Mexican drug trafficking organizations
379:During the 2009/2010 fiscal year, the
166:History of concealed carry in the U.S.
1167:, United States Department of Justice
1161:National Drug Threat Assessment: 2011
957:
955:
953:
408:Firearms Homicides in Texas 1976-2005
336:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
81:Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
7:
445:(DTOs) who are vying for control of
660:The New England Journal of Medicine
555:United States Department of Justice
796:"Gun Control in the United States"
106:Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban
14:
1791:Gun politics in the United States
1187:American Journal of Public Health
1066:American Journal of Public Health
731:Gun violence in the United States
726:Gun politics in the United States
597:Prevention and awareness programs
515:Local and international gun trade
381:Texas Department of Public Safety
141:Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA)
96:Connecticut Children's Safety Act
1109:Stewart, Scott (February 2011),
741:Timeline of the Mexican Drug War
574:Government Accountability Office
234:
64:Bipartisan Safer Communities Act
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1287:(RR14): 11–20. October 3, 2003.
578:Department of Homeland Security
1032:"Project Gunrunner Fact Sheet"
695:Coalition to Stop Gun Violence
443:drug trafficking organizations
178:Background Check System (NICS)
1:
1243:American Behavioral Scientist
912:"Concealed Handgun Licensing"
818:"Concealed Handgun Licensing"
151:Gun laws in the U.S. by state
131:Firearm Owners Protection Act
76:Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
1426:Bureau of Justice Statistics
711:Gun law in the United States
321:Gun law in the United States
116:Federal Firearms Act of 1938
1142:Ford, Jess T. (June 2009),
465:In the past two years, the
287:Mexico–United States border
183:National Firearms Act (NFA)
111:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
91:Concealed carry in the U.S.
74:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
59:Assault weapons legislation
22:Firearm legal topics of the
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1379:National Rifle Association
633:Columbine school shootings
520:Guns and drugs trafficking
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318:
203:Second Amendment sanctuary
161:High-capacity magazine ban
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1732:
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176:National Instant Criminal
1760:Northern Mariana Islands
1255:10.1177/0002764209332557
1078:10.2105/ajph.2010.191916
576:also found that ATF and
431:Kaiser Family Foundation
241:United States portal
156:Gun politics in the U.S.
121:Federal Firearms License
86:Campus carry in the U.S.
1399:Texas State Data Center
1344:Harnsberger, R. Scott.
327:U.S. federal government
225:and Law Enforcement Act
208:Sullivan Act (New York)
136:Gun Control Act of 1968
938:Cite journal requires
891:Cite journal requires
844:Cite journal requires
803:Open Society Institute
721:Gun politics in Mexico
699:Saturday night special
546:
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354:Open Society Institute
342:Texas gun control laws
193:Open carry in the U.S.
1199:10.2105/ajph.83.2.282
542:
407:
223:Violent Crime Control
1737:District of Columbia
1312:10.1056/NEJMe0805629
969:on February 25, 2011
391:Sales and ammunition
332:1968 Gun Control Act
330:Assistance) and the
101:Constitutional carry
1770:U.S. Virgin Islands
805:: 1–12. March 2000.
627:Political arguments
400:Accidents and crime
146:Gun law in the U.S.
1404:2011-05-15 at the
1038:on 15 October 2011
410:
1778:
1777:
1411:Homeland Security
1249:(10): 1447–1464.
1072:(10): 1856–1860.
995:on August 7, 2010
568:Homeland security
429:According to the
352:According to the
348:Gun laws in Texas
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54:Assault weapon
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1007:
994:
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984:
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945:
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918:on 2011-02-20
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871:on 2011-02-20
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650:Conservatives
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390:
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385:Harris County
382:
375:Gun ownership
374:
372:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
349:
341:
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333:
328:
322:
314:
308:
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109:
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42:
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31:
30:
27:United States
25:
21:
20:
1679:South Dakota
1669:Rhode Island
1664:Pennsylvania
1644:North Dakota
1346:
1306:(5): 517–8.
1303:
1300:N Engl J Med
1299:
1293:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1246:
1242:
1193:(2): 282–3.
1190:
1186:
1160:
1154:
1144:
1117:, retrieved
1111:
1104:
1069:
1065:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:the original
1009:
997:. Retrieved
993:the original
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:the original
931:cite journal
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
905:
884:cite journal
873:. Retrieved
869:the original
858:
837:cite journal
826:. Retrieved
822:the original
811:
802:
790:
768:(3): 69–82.
765:
761:
755:
692:
688:gun suicides
685:
673:
669:
665:
658:
643:
641:
630:
621:
600:
586:
571:
559:
552:
543:
539:
530:
523:
464:
455:Intelligence
440:
428:
420:
411:
394:
378:
370:
351:
324:
291:
283:drug cartels
276:
45:Amendment II
43:
1765:Puerto Rico
1594:Mississippi
1509:Connecticut
1119:13 February
671:shootings.
592:Gun control
562:U.S. cities
494:.45-caliber
294:gun control
188:NY SAFE Act
69:Bump stocks
1785:Categories
1709:Washington
1629:New Mexico
1624:New Jersey
1499:California
1115:, Stratfor
922:2011-03-24
875:2011-03-24
828:2011-03-24
603:New Mexico
534:California
508:AK-47-type
500:AR-15-type
319:See also:
213:Suppressor
1719:Wisconsin
1684:Tennessee
1589:Minnesota
1564:Louisiana
1328:205075020
747:Footnotes
588:problem.
580:'s (DHS)
525:Gun shows
482:.38 Super
423:homicides
417:Homicides
362:Louisiana
310:violence.
1704:Virginia
1654:Oklahoma
1634:New York
1609:Nebraska
1599:Missouri
1584:Michigan
1574:Maryland
1559:Kentucky
1539:Illinois
1514:Delaware
1504:Colorado
1494:Arkansas
1402:Archived
1394:FedStats
1384:Data.Gov
1320:18614777
1263:53706256
1096:20724672
1042:22 March
705:See also
1724:Wyoming
1699:Vermont
1604:Montana
1544:Indiana
1524:Georgia
1519:Florida
1489:Arizona
1479:Alabama
1217:8427342
1208:1694596
1087:2936974
782:3330739
762:Publius
496:pistols
490:pistols
484:pistols
477:pistols
1659:Oregon
1614:Nevada
1554:Kansas
1529:Hawaii
1484:Alaska
1354:
1326:
1318:
1261:
1215:
1205:
1094:
1084:
999:Mar 2,
973:Mar 2,
780:
510:rifles
503:rifles
364:, and
358:Alaska
1689:Texas
1569:Maine
1534:Idaho
1324:S2CID
1259:S2CID
1165:(PDF)
799:(PDF)
778:JSTOR
488:5.7mm
366:Maine
1755:Guam
1694:Utah
1649:Ohio
1549:Iowa
1352:ISBN
1316:PMID
1281:MMWR
1213:PMID
1121:2011
1092:PMID
1044:2011
1001:2011
975:2011
944:help
897:help
850:help
693:The
277:The
1308:doi
1304:359
1251:doi
1203:PMC
1195:doi
1082:PMC
1074:doi
1070:100
770:doi
601:In
474:9mm
1787::
1322:.
1314:.
1302:.
1285:52
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1279:.
1257:.
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1225:^
1211:.
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1191:83
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848:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
