Gun laws of Australia - Knowledge (XXG)

1224:, Howard expressed his support for the anti-gun cause and his desire to introduce restrictive gun laws long before he became prime minister. In a television interview shortly before the 10th anniversary of the Port Arthur massacre, he reaffirmed his stance, "I did not want Australia to go down the American path. There are some things about America I admire and there are some things I don't. And one of the things I don't admire about America is their... slavish love of guns. They're evil." During the same television interview, Howard also stated that he saw the outpouring of grief in the aftermath of the Port Arthur massacre as "an opportunity to grab the moment and think about a fundamental change to gun laws in this country". 904: 751:(NFA) between the Commonwealth and the States & Territories as the Constitution of Australia does not give the Commonwealth direct power to enact gun laws. In the face of some state resistance, Howard threatened to hold a nationwide referendum to alter the Constitution of Australia to give the Commonwealth constitutional power over guns. The National Firearms Agreement included a ban on all semi-automatic rifles and all semi-automatic and pump-action shotguns, and a system of licensing and ownership controls. 1384:(WFSA), which also has NGO status. SSAA National has a number of people working in research and lobbying roles. In 2008, they appointed journalist and media manager Tim Bannister as federal parliamentary lobbyist. SSAA argues that there is no evidence that gun control restrictions in 1987, 1996 and 2002 had any impact on the already established trends. Also, responding to Neill and Leigh, SSAA said that 93% of people replaced their seized firearms with at least one, to replace their surrendered firearms. 1657:

Firearms Trafficking Policy Agreement 2002. The legislation prohibits certain models of handguns (based on criteria regarding barrel length, firing capacity and calibre); restricts ownership and use primarily to sports shooters, firearm collectors and security industry employees; and outlines specified storage arrangements. An amendment was also made to the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 2002, preventing the importation of handgun models and parts specified as prohibited.

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United States is directly related to the plentiful supply of guns. How else does one explain the simple fact that in the United States the murder rate is 10 per 100,000, against one per 100,000 in England and Wales and 2.0 in Australia. Whilst making proper allowance for legitimate sporting and recreational activities and the proper needs of our rural community, every effort should be made to limit the carrying of guns in Australia.

566: 1133:, summarised the research in 2011 and concluded: “it would have been difficult to imagine more compelling future evidence of a beneficial effect.” They said that a complication in evaluating the effect of the NFA was that gun deaths were falling in the early 1990s. They added that everyone should be pleased with the "immediate, and continuing, reduction" in firearm suicide and firearm homicide following the NFA. 967:

only a small proportion, 0.06% of licensed firearms, are stolen in a given year. A small proportion of those firearms are reported to be recovered. About 3% of these stolen weapons are later connected to an actual crime or found in the possession of a person charged with a serious offence. As of 2011 and 2012, pistols and semi-automatic pistols were traded on the black market for ten to twenty thousand dollars.

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developed countries "cultural factors appear to affect suicide rates far more than the availability and use of firearms. Thus, suicide rates would not seem to be readily affected by making firearms less available". In 1985, he supported laws to restrict gun ownership in New South Wales, saying contributions to slowing the growth of the Australian gun inventory are to be welcomed.

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cooling-off period required for gun purchases has been relaxed, with no waiting period for purchasers who already own at least one gun. New South Wales also allows the limited use of moderators via a permit even though they are supposed to be a prohibited weapon. No state or territory has outlined a timeframe for achieving full compliance with the National Firearms Agreement.

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firearm. Most controversially, it was a Category A firearm, making it accessible to nearly all licensed shooters. This resulted in an importation ban on A110 shotguns with a capacity over five rounds (up to five rounds was still permitted for importation). Lever-action shotguns with a magazine capacity over five rounds were later reclassified as Category D firearms.

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fighting crime, and in many military engagements. From the landing of the First Fleet there was conflict with Aboriginal people over game, access to fenced land, and spearing of livestock. Firearms were used by explorers and settlers to shoot Aboriginals, often without provocation. A number of punitive raids were carried out in a series of local conflicts.

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McPhedran and Baker found there was little evidence for any impacts of the gun laws on firearm suicide among people under 35 years of age, and suggested that the significant financial expenditure associated with Australia's firearms method restriction measures may not have had any impact on youth suicide. In 2008 McPhedran compared the incidence of

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Experimental Criminology in connection with another study with Charles Branas at Columbia University which concluded; "Current evidence showing decreases in firearm mortality after the 1996 Australian national firearm law relies on an empirical model that may have limited ability to identify the true effects of the law."

1172:, associate professor of criminal justice, examined the links between public mass shootings and gun availability in various countries. He found that the restrictions in Australia were effective, concluding that "in the wake of these policies, Australia has yet to experience another public mass shooting." 911:

Between 1 July and 30 September 2017, there was a national firearms amnesty to hand in unregistered or unwanted firearms. The amnesty had been approved in March 2017 by the Firearms and Weapons Policy Working Group (FWPWG) to reduce the number of unregistered firearms in Australia following the Lindt

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Let me say that in the ebbing and flowing debate on the availability of weapons, I am firmly on the side of those who believe that it would be a cardinal tragedy if Australia did not learn the bitter lessons of the United States regarding guns. I have no doubt that the horrific homicide level in the

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Advocacy against the 1996 gun laws puts shooters associations and parties considerably out of step with Australian popular opinion. In November last year a survey by Essential Research found 89 per cent of Australians thought our gun laws were either "about right" or "not strong enough" while just 6

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NSW Deputy Premier Troy Grant said that penalties for firearm offences will be increased, with a new offence of possession of a stolen firearm, which will carry a maximum penalty of 14 years jail. There will also be a ban on possessing blueprints for firearms capable of being used by 3D printers, as

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Since 1996, Australian state and territory governments have sought to strengthen regulations regarding the ownership, use and transfer of firearms in Australia through the enactment of legislation based on the National Firearms Agreement 1996, National Handgun Control Agreement 2002 and the National

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Essential Research repeated the poll a year later and found 6% thought the laws were too strong, 44% thought "about right" and 45% thought the laws were "not strong enough". It also found these views were consistent regardless of political party voting tendency for Labor, Coalition or Greens voters.

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The Shooting Industry Foundation of Australia (SIFA) was established in 2014 as the "peak body in research, advocacy, education and safety for one of our country’s oldest and most innovative industries" serving to "represent more effectively the social, cultural, economic and environmental impact of

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The number of guns stolen fell from an average 4,195 per year from 1994 to 2000 to 1,526 in 2006–2007. Long guns are more often stolen opportunistically in home burglaries, but few homes have handguns and a substantial proportion of stolen handguns are taken from security firms and other businesses;

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In New South Wales there have been three gun amnesties: in 2001, 2003 and 2009. 63,000 handguns were handed in during the first two amnesties and over 4,323 handguns were handed in during the third amnesty. During the third amnesty 21,615 firearm registrations were received by the Firearms Registry.

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In 2015, the importation of the Adler A110 lever-action shotgun into Australia generated controversy. The firearm itself could hold up to 7+1 rounds (possible 10+1) in its magazine, a relatively high capacity for a shotgun, and its ability to deliver relatively fast follow-up shots as a lever-action

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announced a tightening of laws on bail and illegal firearms, creating a new offence for the possession of a stolen firearm, with a maximum of 14 years imprisonment and establishing an Illegal Firearms Investigation and Reward Scheme. This legislative change also introduced measures to reduce illegal

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As in 1996, the Commonwealth Government, States and Territories agreed on a series of legislative changes known as the National Handgun Control Agreement (2002), resulting in the National Handgun Buyback Act 2003, which provided Commonwealth funding for compulsory acquisition of handguns not meeting

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Over the 18 years prior to 1996, mass shootings occurred here at a rate of about three every four years. Had they continued at this rate then, under our rare events model, the expected number of mass shooting incidents since 1996 would by March 2018 have been 16.3. John Howard's historic leadership

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The proud claim that Australia may have "solved the gun problem" might only be a temporary illusion. In recent years, arms dealers have imported more guns than ever before. And last year we crossed a symbolic threshold: for the first time in 20 years, Australia's national arsenal of private guns is

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On Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, from Its First Settlement in January 1788, to August 1801 ... To which are Added, Some Particulars of New Zealand ... and an Account of a Voyage ... by which the Existence of a Strait Separating Van Diemen's Land from the Continent of New Holland

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as an association advocating for stronger gun laws, run by volunteer lawyers, public health academics and social media experts. The organisation is funded by community donations and is not affiliated with any political party. Its Chair is Samantha Lee and Vice President Roland Browne. Both Samantha

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A 2014 report stated that approximately "260,000 guns are on the Australian 'grey' or black markets", and discussed the potential problem of people using 3D printers to create guns. NSW and Victorian police obtained plans to create 3D printed guns and tested to see if they could fire, but the guns

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In 2009, another paper from the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention at Griffith University also studied suicide in Queensland only, concluding: "No significant difference was found in the rate pre/post the introduction of the NFA in Queensland; however, a significant difference

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Between 1991 and 2001, the number of firearm-related deaths in Australia declined by 47%. Suicides committed with firearms accounted for 77% of these deaths, followed by firearms homicide (15%), firearms accidents (5%), firearms deaths resulting from legal intervention and undetermined deaths (2%).

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Some studies on the effects of Australia's gun laws have suggested that Australia's gun laws have been effective in reducing mass shootings, gun suicides and armed crime, while other studies suggest that the laws have had little effect. Polling shows strong support for gun legislation in Australia

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and 100 mm (3.94 inches) for revolvers, and new shooter probation and attendance requirements for handgun target shooters. Whilst handguns for sporting shooters are nominally restricted to .38 inches as a maximum calibre, it is possible to obtain an endorsement or special permit allowing

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In May 2018 Victoria introduced firearm prohibition orders to reduce firearm related-crime by targeting those who want to possess, use or carry firearms for unlawful purposes. The person served with an order must immediately surrender any firearm or firearm related item in their possession and the

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Oh I recall that very vividly. I recall the extraordinary outpouring of amazement and grief in the country and I knew out of that there was an opportunity to grab the moment and to bring about a fundamental change in gun laws in this country. I did not want Australia to go down the American path.

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That is one of the difficulties and we will find any means we can to further restrict them because I hate guns. I don't think people should have guns unless they're police or in the military or in the security industry. There is no earthly reason for people to have... ordinary citizens should not

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described the article as "reputable" and "well-conducted" but also stated that "it would be wrong to infer from the study that it does not matter how many guns there are in the community." Simon Chapman stated the article ignored the Mass Shootings issue such as the Port Arthur Massacre. In 2012,

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There has been an incremental move since the 1970s for police forces in the eight jurisdictions in Australia to routinely carry exposed firearms while on duty. In the 1970s the norm was for police to carry a baton, with only NSW police carrying firearms. Since then, police have been authorised to

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In 2015, there were more private firearms in Australia than there were before the Port Arthur massacre, when 1 million firearms were destroyed. Since 1988, the proportion of households with a firearm has fallen by 75%. Some of the increase may be associated with increased wild harvest of kangaroo

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The states issue firearms licences for a legal reason, such as hunting, sport shooting, pest control, collecting and for farmers and farm workers. Licences must be renewed every 3 or 5 years (or 10 years in the Northern Territory, South Australia & Queensland). Full licence-holders must be at

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wrote that "several attempts had been made to ascertain the number of arms in the possession of individuals, as many were feared to be in the hands of those who committed depredations; the crown recalled but of between two and three hundred arms which belonged to the crown, not more than 50 were

1215:, Howard said, "We will find any means we can to further restrict them because I hate guns... ordinary citizens should not have weapons. We do not want the American disease imported into Australia." In 1995 Howard, as opposition leader, had expressed a desire to introduce restrictive gun laws. 585:

in January of 1788, though other seafarers that visited Australia before settlement also carried firearms. The colony of New South Wales was initially a penal settlement, with the military garrison being armed. Firearms were also used for hunting, protection of persons and crops, in crime and

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A 2006 study coauthored by Simon Chapman concluded: "Australia's 1996 gun law reforms were followed by more than a decade free of fatal mass shootings, and accelerated declines in firearm deaths, particularly suicides. Total homicide rates followed the same pattern. Removing large numbers of

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In 1981, Richard Harding, after reviewing Australian and other data at that time, said that "whatever arguments might be made for the limitation or regulation of the private ownership of firearms, suicide patterns do not constitute one of them. " He quoted a 1968 international analysis of 20

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There have been 28 state and territory-based amnesties since Port Arthur. The 1996 national amnesty and ‘buyback’ scheme ran for 12 months from October 1996 to September 1997 as part of the National Firearms Agreement which resulted in the removal of almost 650,000 firearms. There was also a

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examined the effect of the NFA on overall firearm mortality. They found that the NFA decreased firearm deaths by 61% and concluded that "Australian firearm regulations indeed contributed to a decline in firearm mortality." After this study, these researchers were reported in the Journal of

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claimed that Australian states had significantly weakened gun laws since the National Firearms Agreement was first introduced, with no jurisdiction fully compliant with the Agreement. For example, many states now allow children to fire guns under strict supervision and the mandatory 28 day

4909:"I was shocked & disgusted with the Al Jazeera hit piece. A Qatari government organisation should not be targeting Australian political parties. This has been referred to ASIO. After the full hit piece has been released I'll make a full statement & take all appropriate action. -PH" 1140:, Samantha Bricknell, Frederic Lemieux and Tim Prenzler compared mass shootings between America and Australia and found the "1996 NFA coincided within the cessation of mass shooting events" in Australia, and that there were reductions in America that were evident during the 1994–2004 US 1388:

the many thousands of Australians who work in the industry and aligned industries like agriculture, tourism, conservation and ethical harvest". Its board members are directors from Australia's five largest firearm importers/suppliers — NIOA, Raytrade, Outdoor Sporting Agencies (OSA),

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researched nationwide firearm suicides. They said that the analysis was consistent with the hypothesis that "measures to control the availability of firearms... have resulted in a decline in total suicide rates" and recommended further reduction in the availability of lethal means.

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claims to be "the voice of hunters, shooters, fishers, rural and regional Australia and independent thinking Australians everywhere. Advocating for the politically incorrect, a voice of reason, science and conservation". Its founder, John Tingle, served as an elected member of the

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The 2003 changes contained an option for licensed handgun target shooters to have all handguns (including those not prohibited by the 2003 changes) to be compulsorily acquired in exchange for the voluntary surrender of their Category H (Handgun) licence for a period of five years.

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The fact is, however, that the introduction of those laws did not result in any acceleration of the downward trend in gun homicide. They may have reduced the risk of mass shootings but we cannot be sure because no one has done the rigorous statistical work required to verify this

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of handguns that are legally "owned" by that person — not the actual quantity of handguns owned. A minimum number of matches is required yearly to retain ownership for each class of handgun and continue being a paid-up member of an approved pistol club, and it varies between

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in 1901, of each state. The Commonwealth does not have constitutional authority over firearms, but it has jurisdiction over customs and defence matters. Federally the external affairs powers can be used to enforce internal control over matters agreed in external treaties.

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All self-loading centrefire rifles, pump-action or self-loading or lever-action shotguns that have a magazine capacity of more than five rounds, semi-automatic rimfire rifles over ten rounds, are restricted to government agencies, occupational shooters and primary

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Junior licences in Victoria and New South Wales are available from 12 years of age (Or 11 if in Queensland), this allows the use of firearms for the purpose of receiving instruction in the use of the firearm or engaging in sport or target shooting competitions.

1376:(SSAA) which was established in 1948, and as at 2015 had 175,000 members. SSAA state branches lobby on local issues, while SSAA National addresses federal legislation and international issues. SSAA National has non-government organisation (NGO) status at the 866:, held hostage 17 customers and employees of a Lindt chocolate café located at Martin Place in Sydney, Australia. The perpetrator was on bail at the time and had previously been convicted of a range of offences. Two of the hostages and the perpetrator died. 663:

In October 2016, it was estimated that there were 260,000 unregistered guns in Australia, 250,000 long arms and 10,000 handguns, most of them in the hands of organised crime groups and other criminals. There are 3 million registered firearms in Australia.

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In 2015, Essential Research performed a poll regarding the support for Australia's gun laws. The demographic-normalised poll found that 6% of Australians thought the laws were "too strong", 40% thought "about right" and 45% thought "not strong enough".

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Suicide deaths using firearms more than halved in ten years, from 389 deaths in 1995, to 147 deaths in 2005. This is equal to 7% of all suicides in 2005. Over the same period, suicides by hanging increased by over 52% from 699 in 1995 to 1068 in 2005.

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In 1997, the Prime Minister, John Howard appointed the Australian Institute of Criminology to monitor the effects of the gun buyback. The institute has published a number of papers reporting trends and statistics around gun ownership and gun crime.

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In two nationwide, federally funded gun buybacks, plus large-scale voluntary surrenders and state gun amnesties both before and after Port Arthur, Australia collected and destroyed more than a million firearms, perhaps one-third of the national

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Persons or companies conducting a business involving the buying, selling or trading of firearms or ammunition must obtain a firearm dealers licence, and firearms repairers must hold a firearms repairer's licence. These must be renewed annually.

1599:"The register will address significant gaps and inconsistencies with the way firearms are managed across all jurisdictions," the prime minister said. The national cabinet will work towards the register being fully operational within four years. 1034:

examined firearm deaths and mortality in the years before and after firearm regulation. They concluded that there was "dramatic" reduction in firearm deaths and especially suicides due to "the implementation of strong regulatory reform".

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in Australia and New Zealand. The authors' conclude that "if civilian access to certain types of firearms explained the occurrence of mass shootings in Australia then New Zealand would have continued to experience mass shooting events".

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with around 85 to 90% of people wanting the same or greater level of restrictions. Nevertheless, conservative estimates are that there may be about 260,000 unregistered or prohibited firearms in the community, including assault rifles.

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To be eligible for a Category H Licence, a target shooter must serve a probationary period of at least 6 months and have to participate a minimum number of shooting sessions using club handguns, after which they are required to leave a

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reported that the scheme compulsorily acquired more than 640,000 firearms, many of which were semi-automatic rifles and shotguns (restricted as a result of the 1996 legislative changes) or old, antique and dysfunctional firearms.

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carry a covered firearm, and more recently to carry an exposed firearm. The shift has taken place without public debate or a proper assessment of the vulnerability of police officers, but has taken place with public acquiescence.

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examined the rate of firearm theft in Australian states in territories following the firearm regulation. She found that "the NFA... is having the desired effect: securely stored firearms are proving less vulnerable to theft."

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in design, function or appearance" are subjected to harsher regulations. The implication of this, which is unofficially referred to as the "Appearance Law", is that any gun, regardless of the actual mechanical nature of its

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Multiple studies have been conducted by Jeanine Baker and Samara McPhedran, researchers with the International Coalition for Women in Shooting and Hunting (WiSH). In 2006 their paper on the 1996 firearms legislation in the

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opened fire on shop owners and tourists with two semi-automatic rifles that left 35 people dead and 23 wounded. This mass killing horrified the Australian government and transformed gun control legislation in Australia.

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In 2016, four researchers evaluated the National Firearms Agreement after 20 years in relation to mental health. They said that the "NFA exemplifies how firearms regulation can prevent firearm mortality and injuries."

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McElhone, Megan --- "Now They're Extraordinary Powers': Firearms Prohibition Orders and Warrantless Search Powers in New South Wales" [2017] CICrimJust 5; (2017) 28(3) Current Issues in Criminal Justice

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to possess or use a firearm. Licence holders must demonstrate a "genuine reason" (which does not include self-defence) for holding a firearm licence and must not be a "prohibited person". All firearms must be

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in New South Wales, 1991, two were killed with a knife, and five more with a firearm. Tasmania passed a law in 1991 for firearm purchasers to obtain a licence, though enforcement was light. Firearm laws in

1203:(1996–2007), with strong media and public support, introduced uniform gun laws with the cooperation of all the states, brought about through threats to Commonwealth funding arrangements. Then Prime Minister 667:

In March 2017, there were 915,000 registered firearms in New South Wales, 18,967 in the ACT, 298,851 in South Australia, and 126,910 in Tasmania. The other jurisdictions did not make the information public.

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In 2003, Samantha Lee as chair of the NCGC was financed by a Churchill Fellowship to publish a paper arguing that current handgun legislation is too loose, that police officers who are shooters have a

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by politicians, the media, and anti-gun activists for the acts of criminals who generally use illegal firearms. Their researchers have found scant evidence that increasing restrictions have improved

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Gun ownership is rising and there is no definitive evidence that a decade of restrictive firearms laws has done anything to reduce weapon-related crime, according to NSW's top criminal statistician.

350:), carrying on behalf of a junior, and official, commercial or prescribed purposes authorised by an Act or Regulation. For target shooters, a paid membership to an approved pistol club is mandated. 1259:

from 1995 until he retired in late 2006. As of June 2019, the party holds two seats in the NSW Legislative Council and three seats in the Legislative Assembly. The party holds one seat in the

43:. In the last two decades of the 20th century, following several high-profile killing sprees, the federal government coordinated more restrictive firearms legislation with all state governments. 1111:

examined the rate of firearm suicide in Queensland. They found that "gun suicides are continuing to decrease in Queensland" and that this is "most likely as a function of ongoing gun controls".

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firearms in NSW including a ban on the possession of digital blueprints that enable firearms to be manufactured using 3D printers and milling machines for anyone without an appropriate licence.

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to explain his opposition to civilian firearms ownership and usage in Australia, stating that he did not want Australia to go "down the American path". In one interview on Sydney radio station

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There are some things about America I admire, there are some things I don't and one of the things I don't admire about America is an almost drooling, slavish love of guns. I think they're evil

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Ukert, Benjamin; Andreyeva, Elena; Branas, Charles C. (29 October 2017). "Time series robustness checks to test the effects of the 1996 Australian firearm law on cause-specific mortality".

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Klieve, Helen; Barnes, Michael; De Leo, Diego (2008). "Controlling firearms use in Australia: has the 1996 gun law reform produced the decrease in rates of suicide with this method?".

1441:. These national bodies with their state counterparts concentrate on a range of sporting and political issues ranging from Olympic-type competition through to conservation activities. 935: 2346: 5119: 3372: 1220: 5102: 4677: 2964: 4854: 3073: 1071:

In 2006, Weatherburn noted the importance of actively policing illegal firearm trafficking and argued that there was little evidence that the new laws had helped in this regard.

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pressured the states to adopt the gun law proposals made in a report of the 1988 National Committee on Violence as the National Firearms Agreement, resulting in the non-binding

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firearms manufactured before 1 January 1901) can in some states be legally held without a licence. In other states they are subject to the same requirements as modern firearms.

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Dudley, Michael J; Rosen, Alan; Alpers, Philip A; Peters, Rebecca (2016). "The Port Arthur massacre and the National Firearms Agreement: 20 years on, what are the lessons?".

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in an attempt to influence the government, but the party barred them from membership. A court action by 500 shooters seeking admission to membership eventually failed in the

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The firearms issued to convicts (for meat hunting) and settlers (for hunting and protection) were stolen and misused, resulting in more controls. In January 1796, Colonel

1298:, who is the father-in-law of Robert Nioa, the CEO of Australia's largest private firearm supplier NIOA) have platforms advocating lawful civilian ownership of firearms. 3870:

McPhedran, Samara; Baker, Jeanine (2012). "Suicide Prevention and Method Restriction: Evaluating the Impact of Limiting Access to Lethal Means among Young Australians".

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Private gun owners are stockpiling arsenals of more than 300 firearms in suburban homes in some parts of the country, according to new data obtained by the Greens.

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Up to 10 people on Victoria’s terror watch list have been hit with firearm prohibition orders, meaning they can be searched by police at any time without a warrant

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stated that the 1996 legislation had little to no effect on violence saying the "laws did not result in any acceleration of the downward trend in gun homicide."

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identification approach, they found that after the NFA, "there were significant decreases in armed robbery and attempted murder relative to sexual assault".

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six-month national handgun buyback in 2003 as part of the National Handgun Control Agreement (2002) resulting in the surrender of 68,727 handguns nationally

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in Victoria with pistols he had acquired as a member of a shooting club. The gunman, Huan Yun Xiang, was acquitted of crimes related to the shootings due to

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in order to change Australian gun control laws. Al Jazeera used an undercover reporter posing as a gun rights advocate. In response, One Nation leader

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Baker, Jeanine; McPhedran, Samara (18 October 2006). "Gun Laws and Sudden Death: Did the Australian Firearms Legislation of 1996 Make a Difference?".

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Centrefire handguns with a caliber greater than .45 are considered restricted firearms, whose ownership require a Category R/E Licence (see below).

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The number of firearms suicides was in decline consistently from 1991 to 1998, two years after the introduction of firearm regulation in 1996.

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said that 51,000 unregistered firearms were surrendered during the three-month amnesty, of the previous estimate of 260,000 unregistered guns.

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in 1997–98 briefly gained national prominence and had strong support from shooters. In March 2019, One Nation was the subject of a two-part

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found the 1997 gun buyback scheme reduced firearm suicides by 74% while having no effect on non-firearm suicides or substitution of method.

93:, entered into three national agreements that were responsible for shaping contemporary Australian firearm laws. These agreements were the: 4470: 2343: 2141: 3361: 5189: 5099: 4882: 4145: 3914: 5572: 5471: 5440: 4544: 4487: 3681: 3633: 3080:. See box 4 on page 8 for detailed explanation of "Computation methods for civilian firearms holdings". See country table in annex PDF: 2960: 2828: 1256: 1247: 1157:

evaluated the effect of the National Firearms Agreement on overall crime, rather than just firearm deaths like other studies. Using the

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can own functional Category C firearms. In Western Australia, Category C shotguns may be owned by sporting shooters who participate in

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Andreyeva, Elena; Ukert, Benjamin (2017). "11 Do firearm regulations work? evidence from the australian national firearms agreement".

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requires 'just terms' (financial compensation) for property that is compulsorily acquired, so the federal government introduced the

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The Honourable Michael Keenan MP Minister for Justice Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Counter Terrorism (16 June 2017).

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rapid-firing firearms from civilians may be an effective way of reducing mass shootings, firearm homicides and firearm suicides."

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certain technical criteria. These changes were passed by State and Territory parliaments during 2003. Changes included a 10-round

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The amount of shooting participation that a licensed target shooter is obliged to complete is solely determined by the number of

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Shooting clubs have existed in Australia since the mid-19th century. They are mainly concerned with protecting the viability of

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more in favour of relaxing the gun law. SIFA also contributed significantly in the "Not.Happy.Dan" campaign against incumbent

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record with the police before applying for a permit. Target shooters are limited to handguns below .38 or 9mm calibers, and

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McPhedran, Samara; Baker, Jeanine (2011). "Mass shootings in Australia and New Zealand: A descriptive study of incidence".

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In 2011, many studies have followed, providing varying results stemming from different methodologies and areas of focus.

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For handguns, one major organisation in Australia is Pistol Australia. There are several other national bodies, such as

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The firearms amnesty was the first national amnesty since the 1996 Port Arthur massacre. In October 2017 Prime Minister

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At the federal level, the importation of firearms is subject to the restrictions in Regulation 4F and Schedule 6 of the

188: 74: 1104:

studied the data and concluded "the NFA did not have any large effects on reducing firearm homicide or suicide rates."

648:(FPOs), which give police additional powers to search and question the individual for firearms or ammunition without a 219:

The National Firearm Agreement defines categories of firearms, with different levels of control for each, as follows:.

5051: 4449:

Transcript Of The Prime Minister The Honourable John Howard MP Radio Interview With Neil Mitchell Radio 3AW, Melbourne

2993: 1141: 903: 827:

capacity limit, a calibre limit of not more than .38 inches (9.65 mm) (since expanded under certain criteria), a

748: 97: 47: 2458: 1465:

appeared in media reports and authored articles to support their aims. In 1996, the NCGC had received the Australian

4702: 1694: 5775: 5699: 2400: 2085: 857: 798: 763: 762:, which was visible under his jacket. Many shooters were critical of this. Some firearm owners applied to join the 86: 5514: 3149:

in implementing our gun law reforms therefore seems likely to have averted some 16 mass shootings in this country.

5878: 5446: 5416: 5348: 5080: 3919: 1483:

In a late 2005 press release, Roland Browne as co-chair of the NCGC, advocated further restrictions on handguns.

1158: 645: 89:

the Australian state and territory governments, through the then Australian Police Ministers' Council (APMC) and

2119: 1458: 1422: 1306: 1283: 913: 570: 5168:"Shooting Industry Foundation of Australia: Gun lobby 'muscles up' in bid to change post-Port Arthur gun laws" 1867: 2769:"Sydney siege: Tony Abbott announces urgent review, including looking at Man Haron Monis' access to firearms" 1438: 1097: 816: 641:

sparked a new interest in the sport of pistol shooting and laws were changed to allow the sport to develop.

626: 208: 40: 5382: 3607: 3165: 1526: 5831: 5750: 3198: 2152: 2008: 1948: 1302: 841: 832: 693: 689: 402: 287: 245: 704:. In response, several states required the registration of all guns, and restricted the availability of 5790: 5765: 5679: 5593: 3924: 1987: 1943: 1563: 1487: 697: 548: 442: 401:

may hold a maximum of 10 rounds. Participants in certain "approved" pistol competitions (currently only

5334: 3189:

Lee, Wang-Sheng; Suardi, Sandy (2010). "The Australian Firearms Buyback and Its Effect on Gun Deaths".

2620: 1995: 1965: 1935: 1957: 1495:

Lee and Roland Browne are lawyers who have volunteered in the area of gun control for over ten years.

1227:

The National Firearms Agreement has had continuing support from both Labor and Coalition governments.

758:

held a series of public meetings to explain the proposed changes. At the first meeting, Howard wore a

429:

for handguns that meet the IPSC rules. Larger calibres such as .45 were approved for IPSC contests in

5826: 5760: 5674: 5659: 5608: 5588: 4943: 4886: 4310:

Lankford, Adam (2016). "Public Mass Shooters and Firearms: A Cross-National Study of 171 Countries".

1581: 1473: 1453:(NCGC) had a high profile in the public debate up to and immediately after the Port Arthur massacre. 1405: 1235: 804: 709: 705: 638: 311: 233: 128: 110:

The ownership, possession and use of firearms in Australia is regulated by state and territory laws:

58:, more than a million firearms were collected and destroyed, possibly a third of the national stock. 4495:. Australian Government. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 17 April 2002. Archived from 3203: 2926: 2035:"Clarity needed on confusing 'appearance' laws | Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia (SSAA)" 5694: 4552:. Australian Government. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 1 March 2006. Archived from 1408: 1169: 1101: 657: 430: 406: 398: 290:

having a magazine capacity of 5 or fewer rounds and semi-automatic rimfire rifles up to 10 rounds.

283: 274: 5298: 2744: 2646: 836:

the purchase and use of pistols with calibre up to .45 inches (11.43 mm) to be used for

5805: 5785: 5720: 5689: 5633: 5618: 5221: 4916: 4796: 4765: 4409: 4374: 4343: 4292: 4115: 4070: 4019: 3895: 3857: 3500: 3216: 3020: 2669: 1848: 1736: 1663: 1430: 824: 379:

Centrefire handgun with a calibre of more than .38 inch but not more than .45 inches (11 mm)

363: 226: 178: 4488:"TRANSCRIPT OF THE PRIME MINISTER THE HON JOHN HOWARD MP INTERVIEW WITH PHILIP CLARK, RADIO 2GB" 4467: 4088:

Leigh, Andrew; Neill, Christine (2010). "Do Gun Buybacks Save Lives? Evidence from Panel Data".

1978: 1834: 1806: 1764: 1750: 1722: 938:

in Australia, of which 414,205 were unregistered. This represents 14.5 firearms per 100 people.

3853: 2707: 2300: 1792: 1778: 1693:

Prepared by Ruth Levush Senior Foreign Law Specialist and Project Coordinator (February 2013).

1058:

analysis and found little evidence for an impact of the laws on homicide, but did for suicide.

5800: 5770: 5684: 5669: 5193: 4335: 4327: 4284: 4276: 4241: 4183: 4062: 4054: 4011: 3976: 3887: 3756: 3738: 3695: 3685: 3647: 3637: 3557: 3484: 3474: 3403: 3393: 3250: 3246: 3077: 3067: 3051: 2862: 2685: 2675: 1635: 1625: 1200: 1177: 808: 784:. The 'gun buy back scheme' started on 1 October 1996 and concluded on 30 September 1997. The 759: 755: 685: 508: 148: 4883:"Powerful US gun lobby encouraged One Nation to weaken Australia's strict gun ownership laws" 4553: 4496: 2108: 1195:

Until 1996, the Australian federal government had little role in firearms law. Following the

531:

Licences are prohibited for convicted offenders and those with a history of mental illness.

5704: 5664: 5603: 4401: 4366: 4319: 4268: 4233: 4175: 4105: 4097: 4046: 4003: 3966: 3958: 3879: 3836: 3746: 3730: 3578: 3208: 1231: 1130: 928: 812: 574: 489: 461: 62: 3526: 3166:"Suicide in Australia: meta-analysis of rates and methods of suicide between 1988 and 2007" 2130: 1820: 5521: 5106: 5087: 4664: 4474: 4455: 4448: 4433: 3512: 2462: 2350: 1675: 1491: 1401: 1393: 1369:, despite the high costs and severe regulatory barriers imposed on shooters in Australia. 1358: 1314: 1251: 1096:

A 2008 study on the effects of the firearm buybacks by Wang-Sheng Lee and Sandy Suardi of

1059: 1039: 863: 653: 614: 473: 335: 158: 114: 511:, may be reclassified into Category D or R/E if it is deemed to cosmetically resemble an 5409:"Maintaining a watching brief on gun control – Activist adds law studies to her arsenal" 1309:

documentary series alleging that the party was soliciting financial assistance from the

5329: 3971: 3946: 3751: 3718: 1454: 1411: 1377: 1318: 1126: 565: 418: 343: 339: 303: 4728: 4370: 3586:

Report Submitted to the National Commission on the Causes & Prevention of Violence

2561:

Dore, Christopher (6–27 May 1997). "The Smoking Guns Buyback". The Weekend Australian.

2199:"Australian gun control audit finds states failed to fully comply with 1996 agreement" 1341:

said that none of the activities shown in the documentary violated section 326 of the

1115:

was found for Australian data, the quality of which is noticeably less satisfactory."

5862: 5476: 4413: 4347: 4023: 3387: 3212: 2431: 1643: 1366: 1334: 1208: 1079: 1064: 781: 736: 649: 512: 503: 481: 4378: 4323: 4074: 3899: 3220: 17: 4828: 4296: 1462: 1119: 991: 634: 493: 477: 373: 347: 270: 249: 67: 54:

and voluntary surrenders and State Governments' gun amnesties before and after the

4940:"One Nation's response to NRA sting gives us a rare look into the secretive party" 4163: 4119: 4468:

John Howard's address to the Council of Small Business Organisations of Australia

4426: 3883: 3673: 3625: 1891: 4859: 4824:"Pauline Hanson to take action over James Ashby and Steve Dickson – but not yet" 4657: 2988:"National gun amnesty called amid 'deteriorating national security environment'" 1330: 1204: 780:

to raise the predicted cost of A$ 500 million through a one-off increase in the

744: 582: 465: 422: 394: 295: 266: 241: 51: 4973: 4237: 4179: 3099:"Federal government launches permanent gun amnesty to improve community safety" 5144: 4405: 4050: 2397:"Australia's gun numbers climb: men who own several buy more than ever before" 1362: 1295: 921: 874: 870: 828: 718: 602: 434: 369: 358: 307: 262: 253: 138: 5217:"Australian gun lobby invests in rightwing parties in push to weaken reforms" 4331: 4280: 4245: 4187: 4058: 4015: 4007: 3742: 3699: 3651: 3488: 3468: 3407: 3267: 2866: 2689: 2477:"Prevention of Violent Crime: The Work of the National Committee on Violence" 1639: 1577:"The four things you need to know about Wednesday's national cabinet meeting" 5524:

Firearm-related violence: the impact of the Nationwide Agreement on Firearms

4996:"Ten years after the National Firearms Agreement of 1996 Australian Shooter" 1337:, who were featured in the documentary. In response to the documentary, the 1322: 701: 606: 496: 5059: 4339: 4288: 4066: 3980: 3962: 3891: 3760: 3734: 2855:"Adler shotgun explainer: what's the big deal about lever-action firearms?" 4101: 3994:

Tait, Gordon; Carpenter, Belinda (2009). "Firearm suicide in Queensland".

2801:"New firearms restrictions and bail laws for NSW after Martin Place siege" 2455: 2273:

Christopher Halls 1974, Guns in Australia, Paul Hamlyn Pty Ltd Dee Why NSW

4733: 4706: 4493:

have weapons. We do not want the American disease imported into Australia

3840: 3386:

Mouzos, Jenny; Rushforth, Catherine (November 2003). Makkai, Toni (ed.).

2587:

Atkins, Dennis (26 June 1996). "Libs on Alert for Pro-Gun Infiltration".

2465:, by Rick Sarre, Associate Professor, University of South Australia, 1996 2169:"Australia's tough gun laws have been weakened by the states, new report" 1618: 941:

In July 2021, the Federal Government introduced a permanent gun amnesty.

735:

The Port Arthur massacre took place in 1996 when the 29 year old gunman,

714: 598: 438: 426: 299: 237: 168: 5500: 4272: 2364:"Police gun data shows extent of private arsenals in suburban Australia" 5304: 5025: 4912: 4110: 3367: 3021:"Terms of Reference for the 2017 National Firearms Amnesty in Victoria" 1354: 684:

From 1984 to 1996, multiple killings aroused public concern. The 1984

410: 331: 5527: 4203:"Australia has 260,000 illegal firearms in circulation, inquiry told" 2546:

Nicholson (17 June 1996). "'E's carrying on like some kind of Nazi".

5465:

Porter, Barney; Jackson, Elizabeth; Browne, Roland (27 April 2006).

3626:"The licensing and registration status of firearms used in homicide" 2060:"Australia bans bolt action rifle because of its scary 'appearance'" 273:

firearms made after 1 January 1901 and lever-action shotguns with a

77:

agreed to implement a national firearms register within four years.

4793:"Australia's One Nation offered 'change to voting system' for cash" 4221: 2572:

Reardon, Dave (10 June 1996). "Progun Liberals Recruit for Party".

353:

Handguns allowed for target shooting are divided into four classes:

3438:"3309.0.55.001 – Suicides: Recent Trends, Australia, 1992 to 2002" 3047:"Australians hand over 51,000 firearms in illegal weapons amnesty" 2120:

Queensland Police – Firearms – Queensland Eligibility Requirements

1952:(Qld) Schedule 2; In SA: for definition of 'antique firearm', see 902: 564: 229: 372:

handgun with a calibre of .38 inches (9.7 mm) or less, or a

5245:"Australian gun lobby as big and cashed-up as NRA, report finds" 4729:"Australian gun laws: One Nation party 'sought NRA money' in US" 4678:"Members of NSW Parliament: Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party" 3074:

Briefing Paper. Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers

318:

competitions. This is generally limited to second-hand shotguns.

was a major incident in a series of conflicts between various "

4164:"Mass shootings in Australia and the United States, 1981–2013" 4162:

Lemieux, Frederic; Bricknell, Samantha; Prenzler, Tim (2015).

2456:

Firearms carriage by police in Australia – Policies and issues

1702:

The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Directorate

1530: 1329:. Similar sentiments were echoed by the One Nation officials, 1212: 974: 581:

Firearms were introduced to Australia with the arrival of the

4848: 4846: 3556:. Perth: University of Western Australia Press. p. 119. 2109:

Victoria Police – Firearms – Victora Eligibility Requirements

934:

It has been estimated that, as at 2017, there were 3,158,795

5122:. Sporting Shooters Association of Australia. Archived from 2432:"A Shot in the Dark A Report on Kangaroo Harvesting Authors" 1982:(Vic) section 3, for licensing, see sections 22–23; In Tas: 831:

length limit of not less than 120 mm (4.72 inches) for

85:

Following the shooting incidents at Port Arthur in 1996 and

4855:"One Nation leader Pauline Hanson exposed by hidden camera" 4633:"Victoria Police to get military-style semi-automatic guns" 4222:"Do fewer guns lead to less crime? Evidence from Australia" 2827:

Barbour, regional affairs reporter Lucy (19 October 2016).

2602:"Shooter Rejected". Border Mail – Albury. 22 February 1997. 2250:"Should kids have 'permits', 'licences' or no guns at all?" 1611:

Bricknell, Samantha (30 September 2008). Putt, Judy (ed.).

1238:

to combat terrorism and the increase in gun-related crime.

633:

In New South Wales, handguns were effectively banned after

625:

Gun laws were the responsibility of each colony and, since

4817: 4815: 4813: 4519:"The Role of Government: John Howard 1995 Headland Speech" 2086:"Reclassification of Riverman OAF Rifle from Item 2 to 12" 1910:"International Practical Shooting Confederation Australia" 1909: 1382:

The World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities

644:

In some jurisdictions, individuals may also be subject to

5274: 5147:. Shooting Industry Foundation of Australia. 24 July 2017 5120:"Prevention, not gun buy-backs, key to suicide reduction" 4545:"Interview with Karl Stefanovic Today Show, Channel Nine" 3719:"Firearm related deaths: the impact of regulatory reform" 2829:"What is the Adler shotgun? Five things you need to know" 2671:

Firearm trafficking and serious and organised crime gangs

916:

of an unarmed police civilian finance worker outside the

334:

can be owned for a number of "genuine reasons" including

3608:

Gun law reform in New South Wales:Better late than never

1129:

and Mary Vriniotis of Harvard University, funded by the

502:

Certain states, firearms that "substantially duplicates

4168:

Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice

3945:

Chapman, Simon; P Alpers, P; Agho, K; Jones, M (2006).

1381: 1325:

and announced that she had filed a complaint with the

1221:

Lazarus Rising: A Personal and Political Autobiography

5381:. Churchill Fellowship Research Paper. Archived from 437:

must be at least 100 mm (3.94 in) long for

269:, pump-action and lever-action (not semi-automatic), 103:

National Firearm Trafficking Policy Agreement (2002)

5840: 5819: 5713: 5647: 5581: 5565: 5100:

The impact of gun-control laws called into question

4631:Tomazin, Farrah; Houston, Cameron (28 March 2018). 3678:

Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice

3630:

Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice

2529:"Anger lingers among those who lost their firearms" 2418:

larger than it was before the Port Arthur massacre.

2390: 2388: 2362:Knowles, Lorna; Branley, Alison (11 October 2017). 2009:"Appearance Law Inconsistencies – Sporting Shooter" 1372:The largest organisation of firearms owners is the 569:Firearms were used by European settlers during the 5439: 5297: 3672:Mouzos, Jenny (7 June 2002). Graycar, Adam (ed.). 3624:Mouzos, Jenny (11 May 2000). Graycar, Adam (ed.). 3533:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 May 2017 3360: 3305: 3129: 2986: 2799: 2743: 2192: 2190: 907:Advertising for the 2017 National Firearms Amnesty 5376:"Handguns: Laws, Violence and Crime in Australia" 4762:"How to sell a massacre: NRA's playbook revealed" 3362:"We can't afford to be complacent about gun laws" 3334:"The killer quirk hiding in Australia's gun laws" 3332:O'Malley, Nick; Nicholls, Sean (7 October 2017). 3307:"The killer quirk hiding in Australia's gun laws" 3304:O'Malley, Nick; Nicholls, Sean (7 October 2017). 774:Section 51(xxxi) of the Constitution of Australia 5515:Australian Institute of Criminology report, 1999 5325:"Rebecca Peters: Nations disarm as laws tighten" 4133:Hemenway, David; Vriniotis, Mary (Spring 2011). 3184: 3182: 3131:"Study shows NRA is wrong about Aussie gun laws" 1976:In Vic: definition of an 'antique firearm', see 1294:(represented in the House of Representatives by 1278:A number of minor political parties such as the 39:, with the importation of guns regulated by the 5441:"Howard's sights set on reducing gun ownership" 5243:Knowles, Lorna; Blucher, Alex (27 March 2019). 4822:Murphy, Katharine; Karp, Paul (27 March 2019). 2162: 2160: 882:Adler A110 shotgun recategorisation controversy 819:, a high-security hospital for up to 25 years. 5090:, SSAA presentation at Goroka Gun Summit, 2005 4582:. SSAA National. November 2007. Archived from 4439:, Jeff Brazil and Steve Berry, 27 August 1997. 4039:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 3389:Firearm related deaths in Australia, 1991–2001 2890: 2888: 1486:On 26 August 2013, NCGC was incorporated into 1476:, and that licensed private firearm ownership 5543: 5413:Journal of the Law Society of New South Wales 5192:. Pauline Hanson's One Nation. Archived from 3802:"The terrorism debate: balance v the bogyman" 2722:"New South Wales: High Calibre Pistol Permit" 2342:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission, 2315:"Terror suspects slapped with strict gun ban" 1849:Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 1467:Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 1327:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation 900:The surrendered firearms were all destroyed. 205:Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 46:Gun laws were largely aligned in 1996 by the 35:are predominantly within the jurisdiction of 8: 5349:"1996 Human Rights Medal and Awards Winners" 4608:. SSAA National. August 2010. Archived from 2961:"National Firearms Amnesty starts on July 1" 2619:. Australian Auditor-General. Archived from 1527:"Gun control: Change is possible – and fast" 4458:John Howard radio interview, 20 March 1998. 4437:Australia's Answer to Carnage: a Strict Law 3431: 3429: 1044:NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 543:Compliance with National Firearms Agreement 5550: 5536: 5528: 3577:Newton, George; Zimring, Franklin (1968). 1374:Sporting Shooters Association of Australia 1032:Monash University Accident Research Centre 721:remained relatively relaxed for longarms. 106:National Handgun Control Agreement (2002). 5467:"Call for greater control over hand-guns" 4226:International Review of Law and Economics 4109: 3970: 3750: 3202: 2954: 2952: 1695:"Firearms-control legislation and policy" 1480:presents a threat to women and children. 1234:were set to be armed with military-style 1154:International Review of Law and Economics 997:Please consider summarizing the material. 3667: 3665: 3579:"Firearms and Violence in American Life" 3554:Firearms and Violence in Australian Life 3327: 3325: 3299: 3297: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3260: 3232: 3230: 2248:Gothe-Snape, Jackson (12 October 2017). 91:Council of Australian Governments (COAG) 3915:"Study No Excuse to shoot down the law" 3467:Bricknell, Samantha (1 December 2008). 3392:. Australian Institute of Criminology. 3339:per cent thought they were "too strong" 3159: 3157: 2674:. Australian Institute of Criminology. 2338: 2336: 1517: 1427:National Rifle Association of Australia 1267:. The party also holds one seat in the 3774:Wainwright, Robert (29 October 2005). 3508: 3498: 3290:. Essential Research. 1 November 2016. 1671: 1661: 1265:2013 Western Australian state election 1261:Western Australian Legislative Council 1175:A 2017 oral presentation published in 807:student killed two fellow students at 4521:. australianpolitics.com. 6 June 1995 3776:"Gun laws fall short in war on crime" 2482:. Australian Institute of Criminology 1862: 1860: 1858: 1687: 1685: 1321:condemned the documentary as a Qatar 1311:National Rifle Association of America 1280:Liberal Democratic Party of Australia 1250:is a political party that started in 441:, and 120 mm (4.72 in) for 29:Overview of the gun laws in Australia 7: 3800:Weatherburn, Don (1 November 2005). 2815:well as unlicensed milling machines. 2668:Bricknell, Samantha (29 June 2012). 1575:Roberts, Georgia (6 December 2023). 1118:A 2010 study by Christine Neill and 601:also used firearms in conflict with 5472:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 5296:Hudson, Phillip (25 October 2002). 5109:, SSAA media release, November 2004 4394:Journal of Experimental Criminology 4220:Taylor, Benjamin; Li, Jing (2015). 3913:Don Weatherburn (16 October 2006). 3682:Australian Institute of Criminology 3634:Australian Institute of Criminology 3270:. Essential Research. 21 July 2015. 2742:Hudson, Phillip (1 February 2004). 2527:Guerrera, Orietta (28 April 2006). 2503:"I Went After Guns. Obama Can, Too" 2197:Wahlquist, Calla (4 October 2017). 2153:Firearm Dealer's Licence – Victoria 1257:New South Wales Legislative Council 1248:Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party 1138:Australian Institute of Criminology 1024:Australian Institute of Criminology 561:European settlement to 19th century 5454:from the original on 7 April 2024. 5374:Lee, Samantha (7 December 2004) . 5353:Australian Human Rights Commission 5312:from the original on 7 April 2024. 5166:Nicholls, Sean (22 October 2018). 5026:"SSAA National membership figures" 4741:from the original on 26 March 2019 4606:"Australian Labor Party statement" 4576:"Australian Labor Party statement" 4201:Jabour, Bridie (13 October 2014). 3706:from the original on 7 April 2024. 3658:from the original on 7 April 2024. 3495:from the original on 7 April 2024. 3470:Firearm theft in Australia 2006–07 3456:from the original on 7 April 2024. 3375:from the original on 7 April 2024. 3318:from the original on 7 April 2024. 3009:– via Sydney Morning Herald. 2756:from the original on 7 April 2024. 2696:from the original on 7 April 2024. 1711:from the original on 7 April 2024. 1451:National Coalition for Gun Control 1435:Australian Clay Target Association 1107:In 2009, a study published in the 474:full automatic self-loading rifles 25: 5438:Coorey, Phillip (27 April 2006). 5407:Liverani, Mary Rose (July 2005). 5323:Peters, Rebecca (28 April 2006). 5255:from the original on 7 April 2024 5215:McGowan, Michael (6 March 2018). 4950:from the original on 7 April 2024 4907:Hanson, Pauline (26 March 2019). 4881:Clarke, Melissa (27 March 2019). 4772:from the original on 7 April 2024 4371:10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.11 3414:from the original on 7 April 2024 3138:from the original on 7 April 2024 3109:from the original on 7 April 2024 3001:from the original on 7 April 2024 2967:from the original on 7 April 2024 2937:from the original on 7 April 2024 2907:from the original on 7 April 2024 2873:from the original on 7 April 2024 2853:Farrell, Paul (19 October 2016). 2779:from the original on 7 April 2024 2767:Norman, Jane (17 December 2014). 2708:National Handgun Buyback Act 2003 2645:Topsfield, Jewel (18 June 2004). 2407:from the original on 7 April 2024 2370:from the original on 7 April 2024 2167:O'Malley, Nick (5 October 2017). 1589:from the original on 7 April 2024 1537:from the original on 7 April 2024 1469:'s Community Human Rights award. 950:Trends in related social problems 656:since 1973, and are also used in 445:, unless the pistols are clearly 37:Australian states and territories 4938:Crabb, Annabel (27 March 2019). 4853:Wolfe, Natalie (28 March 2019). 4791:Charley, Peter (28 March 2019). 4760:Charley, Peter (26 March 2019). 4427:Los Angeles Times Special Report 4261:The Medical Journal of Australia 3213:10.1111/j.1465-7287.2009.00165.x 3173:The Medical Journal of Australia 3164:Large, Matthew; Nielssen, Olav. 3128:Chapman, Simon (13 March 2018). 3082:Civilian Firearms Holdings, 2017 2897:"National Firearms Amnesty 2017" 2798:Coultan, Mark (28 August 2015). 2395:Alpers, Philip (28 April 2016). 1089:The Medical Journal of Australia 979: 786:Australian National Audit Office 778:Medicare Levy Amendment Act 1996 768:Supreme Court of South Australia 731:Port Arthur massacre (Australia) 4324:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00093 3473:. © Commonwealth of Australia. 3446:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3436:Pink, Brian (2 December 2003). 2745:"State's gun owners reap $ 21m" 2501:John Howard (17 January 2013). 1525:Alpers, Philip (11 June 2014). 1343:Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 1339:Australian Electoral Commission 1022:In 2002, Jenny Mouzos from the 862:On 15–16 December 2014, gunman 535:firearms licence is cancelled. 70:by serial number to the owner. 3829:British Journal of Criminology 3076:. June 2018 by Aaron Karp. Of 2933:. Niche Media. 23 March 2010. 2927:"Gun Amnesty goes Gangbusters" 1585:. National firearms register. 1398:2017 Queensland state election 1345:since they occurred overseas. 1151:A 2015 journal article in the 1084:Australian Medical Association 1052:British Journal of Criminology 1030:In 2003, researchers from the 815:but ordered to be detained in 652:. FPOs have been available in 277:capacity of up to five rounds. 81:National legislative structure 1: 5032:. SSAA National. October 2013 3854:Interview with Damien Carrick 3674:"Firearms theft in Australia" 2344:Illicit firearms in Australia 1868:"National Firearms Agreement" 1416:2018 Victorian state election 1273:2018 Victorian state election 1271:, having won the seat at the 1269:Victorian Legislative Council 1263:, having won the seat at the 611:Castle Hill convict rebellion 547:A 2017 study commissioned by 409:) may acquire handguns up to 199:, and associated regulations. 4135:"The Australian Gun Buyback" 3884:10.1080/13811118.2012.667330 3872:Archives of Suicide Research 3191:Contemporary Economic Policy 2895:Brew, Nigel (27 June 2017). 2313:Mills, Tammy (5 June 2018). 1737:Weapons Prohibition Act 1998 1622:Australian Capital Territory 1380:and is a founding member of 918:New South Wales Police Force 912:Cafe siege in 2014, and the 869:In August 2015, NSW Premier 838:Metallic silhouette shooting 639:1956 Melbourne Olympic Games 189:Australian Capital Territory 125:, and associated regulations 123:Weapons Prohibition Act 1998 5058:. June 2008. Archived from 5002:. June 2006. Archived from 4667:. Accessed 12 October 2013. 2804:. News Corp. The Australian 1207:frequently referred to the 1142:Federal Assault Weapons Ban 793:Monash University shootings 749:National Firearms Agreement 680:1984–1996 multiple killings 460:Restricted weapons include 256:(including semi-automatic). 197:Prohibited Weapons Act 1996 98:National Firearms Agreement 48:National Firearms Agreement 5895: 5299:"Handgun curbs on the way" 5190:"Firearms and Gun Control" 4238:10.1016/j.irle.2015.01.002 4180:10.1108/JCRPP-05-2015-0013 2647:"Monash gunman not guilty" 2131:Firearm prohibition orders 2013:www.sportingshooter.com.au 1136:In a 2013 report from the 858:2014 Sydney hostage crisis 855: 852:2014 Sydney hostage crisis 799:Monash University shooting 796: 728: 646:firearm prohibition orders 185:and associated regulations 175:and associated regulations 165:and associated regulations 155:and associated regulations 145:and associated regulations 135:and associated regulations 50:. In two federally funded 5874:Gun politics in Australia 5447:The Sydney Morning Herald 5105:23 September 2009 at the 5086:27 September 2009 at the 4406:10.1007/s11292-017-9313-3 4051:10.1007/s00127-008-0435-9 3920:The Sydney Morning Herald 3552:Harding, Richard (1981). 2614:"The gun buy back scheme" 2589:The Brisbane Courier Mail 2173:The Sydney Morning Herald 1962:Firearms Regulations 2017 1292:Katter's Australian Party 1159:difference in differences 1148:exploded during testing. 994:and excessively detailed. 936:firearms in private hands 492:(generally muzzleloading 417:shooting is approved for 87:Monash University in 2002 4703:"Issues: Firearm Policy" 4477:, Canberra, 28 May 2002. 4008:10.1177/1440783309337673 3717:Ozanne-Smith, J (2004). 2649:. Fairfax Media. The Age 2475:Duncan Chappell (2004). 2142:Firearm Dealer's Licence 1423:Field and Game Australia 1357:, collecting and target 1284:Outdoor Recreation Party 571:Australian frontier wars 5869:Firearms law by country 5499:Reynolds, Christopher. 4970:"SSAA Research Archive" 4663:17 October 2013 at the 2901:Parliament of Australia 2283:Collins, David (1804). 1098:University of Melbourne 817:Thomas Embling Hospital 690:outlaw motorcycle gangs 524:least 18 years of age. 4658:Shooters Party website 4454:24 August 2006 at the 3963:10.1136/ip.2006.013714 3735:10.1136/ip.2003.004150 3239:Justice Policy Journal 1960:, for exemption, see: 1445:Anti gun organisations 1439:Target Rifle Australia 908: 842:Single Action Shooting 833:semi-automatic pistols 708:and shotguns. In the 694:Hoddle Street massacre 578: 443:semi-automatic pistols 403:Single Action Shooting 5520:25 April 2013 at the 4432:25 March 2006 at the 3925:John Fairfax Holdings 3613:(Report). p. 32. 2461:12 March 2018 at the 2349:24 March 2018 at the 1691:Library of Congress: 1488:Gun Control Australia 1349:Pro-gun organisations 1236:semi-automatic rifles 1218:In his autobiography 906: 760:bullet-resistant vest 698:Queen Street massacre 568: 549:Gun Control Australia 504:military-style rifles 288:self-loading shotguns 61:A person must have a 33:Gun laws in Australia 5170:. ABC - Four Corners 4586:on 21 September 2009 4312:Violence and Victims 3996:Journal of Sociology 3341:. Fairfax Media. SMH 1474:conflict of interest 1390:Winchester Australia 1197:Port Arthur massacre 1168:In 2016, a study by 1109:Journal of Sociology 945:Efficacy measurement 873:and Police Minister 725:Port Arthur massacre 710:Strathfield massacre 597:European-Australian 312:clay target shooters 56:Port Arthur Massacre 18:Gun law of Australia 5559:Gun laws by country 5126:on 28 November 2010 5081:Trouble in Paradise 4976:on 2 September 2012 4612:on 28 November 2010 4473:10 May 2006 at the 4273:10.5694/mja16.00293 4144:(4). Archived from 4102:10.1093/aler/ahq013 2574:The West Australian 2064:Washington Examiner 1892:"Firearms Registry" 1614:Australian gun laws 1102:La Trobe University 803:In October 2002, a 706:self-loading rifles 407:Metallic Silhouette 215:Firearms categories 5277:. Pistol Australia 5275:"Pistol Australia" 5249:ABC Investigations 5222:Guardian Australia 5006:on 9 November 2012 5000:Australian Shooter 3858:ABC Radio National 3856:, The Law Report, 3841:10.1093/bjc/azl084 3606:Harding, Richard. 2626:on 13 January 2016 1431:IPSC Australia Inc 1191:Federal government 909: 579: 179:Northern Territory 41:federal government 5856: 5855: 5419:on 31 August 2006 5355:. 31 January 2013 4737:. 26 March 2019. 4709:on 26 August 2012 4363:Injury Prevention 3951:Injury Prevention 3860:, 31 October 2006 3723:Injury Prevention 3691:978-0-642-24265-5 3643:978-0-642-24162-7 3480:978-1-921532-05-4 3371:. 16 April 2019. 3086:publications home 3078:Small Arms Survey 3068:Small Arms Survey 3055:. 6 October 2017. 3052:Independent.co.uk 2963:(Press release). 2681:978-1-922009-09-8 1992:Firearms Act 1973 1984:Firearms Act 1996 1979:Firearms Act 1996 1954:Firearms Act 2015 1940:Firearms Act 1996 1932:Firearms Act 1996 1835:Firearms Act 1996 1807:Firearms Act 1996 1793:Firearms Act 2015 1779:Firearms Act 1973 1751:Firearms Act 1996 1723:Firearms Act 1996 1560:Firearms Act 1996 1457:, Roland Browne, 1394:Beretta Australia 1242:Political parties 1201:Howard government 1178:Injury Prevention 1082:published in the 1012: 1011: 813:mental impairment 809:Monash University 756:Howard government 686:Milperra massacre 609:such as the 1804 316:practical shotgun 292:Primary producers 265:rifles including 193:Firearms Act 1996 183:Firearms Act 1997 173:Firearms Act 1996 163:Firearms Act 2015 153:Firearms Act 1973 149:Western Australia 133:Firearms Act 1996 119:Firearms Act 1996 73:In December 2023 16:(Redirected from 5886: 5879:Law of Australia 5552: 5545: 5538: 5529: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5481: 5480: 5475:. 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In 1987, the 594:accounted for". 575:Eureka Rebellion 490:antique firearms 470:rocket launchers 462:military weapons 143:Weapons Act 1990 75:National Cabinet 21: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5836: 5815: 5776:North Macedonia 5725:Czech Republic 5709: 5643: 5577: 5561: 5556: 5522:Wayback Machine 5505: 5503: 5498: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5484: 5479:on 13 May 2017. 5464: 5463: 5459: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5422: 5420: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5388:on 20 June 2005 5385: 5378: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5129: 5127: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5107:Wayback Machine 5098: 5094: 5088:Wayback Machine 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5062:on 28 June 2009 5050: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5024: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4852: 4851: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4821: 4820: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4665:Wayback Machine 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4639:. 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Fairfax. SMH 3792: 3778:. Fairfax. 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The 390: 381: 380: 377: 367: 361: 355: 354: 351: 344:security guard 329: 326: 322: 319: 304:firearm safety 281: 278: 260: 257: 246:semi-automatic 234:semi-automatic 224: 216: 213: 201: 200: 186: 176: 166: 156: 146: 136: 126: 108: 107: 104: 101: 82: 79: 28: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5891: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5629:United States 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5548: 5546: 5541: 5539: 5534: 5533: 5530: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5502: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5461: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5442: 5434: 5431: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5400: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5367: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5319: 5316: 5311: 5308:. Melbourne. 5307: 5306: 5300: 5292: 5289: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5236: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5211: 5208: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5182: 5169: 5162: 5159: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5061: 5057: 5056:SSAA National 5053: 5047: 5044: 5031: 5027: 5021: 5018: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4962: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4931: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4900: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4874: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4798: 4794: 4787: 4784: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4753: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4695: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4654: 4651: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4624: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4423: 4420: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4158: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3987: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3957:(6): 365–72. 3956: 3952: 3948: 3941: 3938: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3909: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3803: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3777: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3620: 3617: 3609: 3602: 3599: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3570: 3565: 3563:0-85564-190-8 3559: 3555: 3548: 3545: 3532: 3528: 3527:"Gun Runners" 3522: 3519: 3514: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3463: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3439: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3399:0-642-53821-2 3395: 3391: 3390: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3363: 3356: 3353: 3340: 3335: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3137: 3132: 3124: 3121: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2936: 2932: 2931:Marketing Mag 2928: 2922: 2919: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2849: 2846: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2802: 2794: 2791: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2738: 2735: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2664: 2661: 2648: 2641: 2638: 2622: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2598: 2595: 2590: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2568: 2565: 2557: 2554: 2549: 2542: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2520: 2508: 2504: 2497: 2494: 2478: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2437: 2433: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2320: 2316: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2297: 2294: 2289: 2288: 2279: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2255: 2251: 2244: 2241: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2174: 2170: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2105: 2102: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1946:(1); In Qld: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1912:. Ipsc.org.au 1911: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1869: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1707: 1703: 1696: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1665: 1658: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1631:9781921185908 1627: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1521: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1461:and Reverend 1460: 1459:Simon Chapman 1456: 1452: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1409:state premier 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1367:public safety 1364: 1360: 1356: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335:Steve Dickson 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1209:United States 1206: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1186:Major players 1185: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1170:Adam Lankford 1166: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1080:meta-analysis 1076: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1033: 1028: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1006: 995: 993: 988:This section 986: 977: 976: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 949: 944: 942: 939: 937: 932: 930: 925: 923: 919: 915: 914:2015 shooting 905: 901: 897: 891:Gun amnesties 890: 888: 881: 879: 876: 872: 867: 865: 859: 851: 849: 845: 843: 839: 834: 830: 826: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 800: 792: 790: 787: 783: 782:Medicare levy 779: 775: 771: 769: 765: 764:Liberal Party 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 741: 738: 737:Martin Bryant 732: 724: 722: 720: 716: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 642: 640: 636: 631: 628: 620: 618: 616: 613:and the 1854 612: 608: 604: 600: 595: 592: 591:David Collins 587: 584: 576: 572: 567: 560: 555: 553: 550: 542: 540: 536: 532: 529: 525: 518: 516: 514: 513:assault rifle 510: 505: 500: 498: 495: 491: 483: 479: 478:flamethrowers 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 456: 455: 451: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 387: 383: 382: 378: 375: 371: 368: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 352: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 330: 327: 323: 320: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 282: 279: 276: 272: 271:muzzleloading 268: 264: 261: 258: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 228: 225: 222: 221: 220: 214: 212: 210: 206: 198: 194: 190: 187: 184: 180: 177: 174: 170: 167: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 116: 113: 112: 111: 105: 102: 99: 96: 95: 94: 92: 88: 80: 78: 76: 71: 69: 64: 59: 57: 53: 49: 44: 42: 38: 34: 27: 19: 5848:Soviet Union 5573:South Africa 5504:. 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Retrieved 1904: 1895: 1886: 1874:. Retrieved 1847: 1843: 1833: 1829: 1821:Firearms Act 1819: 1815: 1805: 1801: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1773: 1763: 1759: 1749: 1745: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1717: 1701: 1655: 1648:. Retrieved 1644:the original 1613: 1606: 1598: 1591:. Retrieved 1580: 1570: 1559: 1555: 1546: 1539:. Retrieved 1520: 1506: 1502: 1485: 1482: 1477: 1471: 1463:Tim Costello 1448: 1420: 1386: 1371: 1352: 1300: 1277: 1245: 1229: 1226: 1219: 1217: 1194: 1176: 1174: 1167: 1163: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1135: 1124: 1120:Andrew Leigh 1117: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1095: 1087: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1051: 1048: 1037: 1029: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1000: 989: 965: 961: 957: 953: 940: 933: 926: 910: 898: 894: 885: 868: 861: 846: 821: 802: 777: 772: 753: 742: 734: 683: 674: 670: 666: 662: 643: 635:World War II 632: 624: 621:20th century 596: 588: 580: 546: 537: 533: 530: 526: 522: 501: 494:black powder 487: 466:machine guns 457:Category R/E 385: 374:black powder 348:prison guard 340:occupational 296:farm workers 250:lever-action 218: 204: 202: 196: 192: 182: 172: 162: 152: 142: 132: 122: 118: 109: 84: 72: 60: 52:gun buybacks 45: 32: 31: 26: 5832:New Zealand 5796:Switzerland 5729:Current law 5700:Philippines 4860:News.com.au 4365:: A4.2–A4. 4111:10419/36943 3930:21 November 3509:|work= 3418:6 September 3005:7 September 2971:7 September 2941:26 December 2808:26 December 2783:17 December 2653:26 December 2512:19 February 2039:ssaa.org.au 1990:(1); In WA: 1414:during the 1331:James Ashby 1205:John Howard 1078:In 2007, a 1003:August 2021 745:John Howard 603:bushrangers 583:First Fleet 395:fingerprint 359:Air handgun 284:Pump-action 267:bolt-action 242:pump-action 5863:Categories 5680:Kazakhstan 5655:Azerbaijan 5281:30 January 5130:2010-09-01 5036:12 October 4797:Al Jazeera 4766:Al Jazeera 4745:19 January 3591:8 February 3345:10 January 3285:"Gun laws" 3268:"Gun laws" 2630:23 October 2441:19 January 2259:13 October 2228:NSW Police 2224:"Silencer" 2208:13 October 2179:13 October 1512:References 1363:scapegoats 1307:Al Jazeera 1296:Bob Katter 924:, Sydney. 922:Parramatta 875:Troy Grant 871:Mike Baird 719:Queensland 627:Federation 607:rebellions 605:and armed 370:Centrefire 328:Category H 325:producers. 321:Category D 308:collectors 306:officers, 280:Category C 263:Centrefire 259:Category B 254:air rifles 223:Category A 139:Queensland 68:registered 5827:Australia 5766:Lithuania 5639:Venezuela 5609:Guatemala 5589:Argentina 5259:11 August 5200:11 August 5174:11 August 5151:11 August 5010:31 August 4980:31 August 4713:31 August 4616:10 August 4414:149097193 4348:207266615 4332:0886-6708 4281:0025-729X 4246:0144-8188 4232:: 72–78. 4188:2056-3841 4142:Bulletins 4059:0933-7954 4024:145483362 4016:1440-7833 3743:1353-8047 3700:0817-8542 3652:0817-8542 3531:4 Corners 3511:ignored ( 3501:cite book 3489:1836-2095 3408:0817-8542 3199:CiteSeerX 2867:0261-3077 2690:1836-2079 2321:. 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