609:
70:
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54:
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permits are required to cross the East
Alligator River, the western boundary of Arnhem Land, and travel east to Gunbalanya, obtainable from offices in Darwin or Jabiru. These may take up to two weeks to finalise, and many visitors prefer to see Arnhem Land through an organised tour operation.
689:
In the Anime film "Mobile Suit Gundam
Hathaway", the town features as a rally point of an assembling group of "rebel" supporters, of the Group "Mafty", with over 30,000 supporters of the group having amassed at the time of the events in the film. The in world name of the town is spelled as
592:
The town is regarded as one of the major
Aboriginal towns in Arnhem Land, and includes a school (pre-school to Year 12), health clinic, service station, police station, aged care, recreational clubs, community arts centre (Injalak Arts), and various stores.
364:
him in order to chain him up with a group of others who were being sent to Darwin. Narlim was sent away under police escort, with his baby daughter on his shoulder. He never returned, but his daughter, Peggy did, and later became a community leader.
448:
Gunbalanya is the largest town in the area and the nearest population centre to
Awunbarna, also known as Mount Borradaile, a mountain about 120 metres (390 ft) above sea level about 34.9 kilometres (21.7 mi) away. Awunbarna is a
1974:
596:
The Stone
Country Festival (formerly Gunbalanya Cultural Open Day) is usually held in August and access for this is allowed without permit. Though an annual event, it is sometimes not able to be organised in a given year.
1967:
1960:
379:
390:
reported his ‘new’ discovery of cave paintings at Obiri—a shelter 18m long and 2.7m high which contained tens of thousands of figures. Mountford proposed that the site be made a national reserve.
356:
of the land, Nipper
Marakarra, Narlim, was born in 1909 and grew up at the mission. He continued to stay there as he wanted to have his children taught English, and also saw it as a way to stay
1884:
Birch, Bruce 'Erre
Mengerrdji Urningangk: Three Languages From The Alligator Rivers Region of North Western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia', Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation, 2006
660:
transferred their rock art skills to bark. These bark paintings are now held in art galleries in
Australia and across the world. Exhibitions of bark paintings include "Old Masters" at the
2080:
341:, with church, school, dispensary, garden, and store, to which they added pastoral work with feral cattle and horses. Among those who attended the mission school was the celebrated
1316:
608:
196:
184:
563:, and Oenpelli. The road is dirt from the East Alligator to just before Gunbalanya, a distance of about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi). While this road is generally navigable by
1610:
326:, the language of the people who now live there, who began moving into the area from the east following the Cahill's establishment of his cattle station there in 1909.
578:
Dry season travellers are able to drive the 300 kilometres (190 mi) from Darwin in about three hours and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Jabiru in under an hour.
160:
368:
In 1933, Nell Harris, a young woman of 29 years old, was taught
Kunwinkju by the local people, and, along with Hannah Mangiru and Rachel Maralngurra, translated the
508:
69:
2090:
1343:
Chapman, Denise; Russell, Suzy (2011). "The
Responsibilities of Leadership: The records of Charles P. Mountford". In Thomas, Martin; Neale, Margot (eds.).
102:
2075:
375:
Oenpelli remained a mission until 1975, when responsibility was transferred to an Aboriginal town council and the name was changed to Gunbalanya.
1928:
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1855:
1802:
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462:
2013:
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is a sealed all weather airstrip located in Gunbalanya, and a number of companies offer charter flights to and from this airport.
357:
1706:
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as traditional custodians. However, when a visiting policeman in the late 1930s found that Narlim had an infectious disease, he
2039:
1174:
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visited Oenpelli for three months and collected a large array of local artefacts, art, and specimens. Leader of the Expedition
1189:
2044:
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665:
512:
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was filmed in the area, and the story reflects some of the history of the region, including a fictionalised version of the
2049:
189:
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307:
1711:
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is named after nearby Injalak Hill, which has many rock art galleries and is the main tourist attraction in Gunbalanya.
172:
95:
2054:
2018:
497:
441:
peoples. At the 2016 Australian census, Gunbalanya had a population of 1,116. 88.6% of the population identified as
2008:
2003:
1821:
1321:
548:
233:
153:
516:
501:
1998:
1835:
334:
256:
1317:"How historically accurate is the film High Ground? The violence it depicts is uncomfortably close to the truth"
1394:
678:
1178:
450:
442:
287:
245:
141:
1611:"Introducing the Maliwawa Figures: a previously undescribed rock art style found in Western Arnhem Land"
579:
404:
221:
1952:
2085:
1925:
657:
560:
552:
383:
201:
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453:
and the location of a significant number of rock paintings. A study published in 2020 recording the
329:
Oenpelli, as it was known then, was established by the Rev. Alfred Dyer as a mission in 1925 by the
410:
1748:
1984:
1869:
323:
229:
165:
44:
37:
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690:"Oenbelli" due to a computing error during the towns registration in the space emigration era.
1851:
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353:
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303:
237:
1845:
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683:
649:
586:
564:
454:
346:
1932:
1865:
1557:
Grove, Margaret (2003). "Woman, man, land: an example from Arnhem Land, North Australia".
338:
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311:
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53:
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In the 1960s the mission at Oenpelli encouraged traditional rock painting artists to
600:
The local radio station is called "RIBS" for Remote Indigenous Broadcasting Service.
434:
264:
241:
1532:
629:
272:
1831:"The man who attended his own wake:Big Bill Neidjie, Kakadu Man, circa WWI-2002"
628:
Local artistic traditions are continued and adapted by the Injalak Arts Centre.
486:
225:
177:
555:. About 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) before Jabiru, the sealed road turns off to
572:
418:
399:
252:
1593:
1578:
337:, on the former cattle station. Dyer and his wife Mary established a typical
117:
104:
1315:
Gumurdul, Julie Narndal; Rademaker, Laura; May, Sally K. (9 February 2021).
458:
1570:
1417:"Wellington Range Project Northern Territory EL 5893 Relinquishment Report"
408:, shares the historic name of this community, as does Oenpelli bloodwood,
1458:...licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence.
622:
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422:
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260:
473:
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The area now known as Gunbalanya was originally called "Uwunbarlany" by
342:
315:
1260:
438:
607:
556:
472:
1595:
Ancient ochres: the Aboriginal rock paintings of Mount Borradaile
457:
describes paintings at 87 sites across western Arnhem Land from
1956:
1915:
480:
1415:
Ranford, Cath; Melville, Paul; Bentley, Craig (August 2008).
380:
1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land
1533:"Mt. Borradaile, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia"
1371:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
652:, and several important Aboriginal artists, including Lofty
621:
Western Arnhem Land is home to some of the most significant
16:
Aboriginal Australian town in Northern Territory, Australia
1947:
1937:
1920:
306:, who were its original inhabitants. Oenpelli was the way
232:
of Australia, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) east of
1367:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
425:
intrusive event occurred about 1,720 million years ago.
1795:
Exploring the Legacy of the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition
1771:"Climate statistics for Australian locations- OENPELLI"
1345:
Exploring the Legacy of the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition
612:
Wooden skull painted with clan designs, from Gunbalanya
1942:
1797:. Australian National University. pp. 313–335.
1609:
S.C.Taçon, Paul; May, Sally K. (30 September 2020).
314:
in the area, pronounced the local word. The present
2027:
1991:
1791:"The American Clever Man (Marrkijbu Burdan Merika)"
702:Climate data for Gunbalanya (Oenpelli) (1991–2013)
195:
183:
171:
159:
148:
133:
94:
23:
138:
2081:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory
1887:Aboriginal Arts Board of the Australia Council,
386:returned to Oenpelli in 1949, when the Adelaide
433:The local people speak Kunwinjku (a dialect of
236:. The main language spoken in the community is
29:
1592:Roberts, David Andrew; Parker, Adrian (2003),
1422:. Report No.: WR08-02. Cameco Australia Pty Lt
1968:
1707:"Old Masters: Australia's great bark artists"
1448:. Australian Government. Geoscience Australia
559:, the Border Store, Cahill's Crossing on the
58:A view of Gunbalanya from nearby Injalak Hill
8:
310:(c. 1863–1923), the founder of the original
515:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1975:
1961:
1953:
1793:. In Thomas, Martin; Neale, Margo (eds.).
1469:
1297:
1188:
698:
547:The sealed Arnhem Highway links Darwin to
267:. It has a range of services, including a
52:
20:
1148:Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology
535:Learn how and when to remove this message
1637:"A missing part of the rock art gallery"
1442:"Definition card for: Oenpelli Dolerite"
1310:
1308:
1306:
1285:
1267:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre
1246:
1179:"Gunbalanya (urban centre and locality)"
575:(November to April) and at high tides.
443:Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
248:, Gunbalanya had a population of 1,177.
1446:Australian Stratigraphic Units Database
1166:
571:which is closed by flooding during the
1347:. Canberra: ANU E Press. p. 263.
1234:
1921:Injalak Stone Country Arts and Crafts
1814:"Cahill, Patrick (Paddy) (1863–1923)"
1222:
7:
2091:Australian Aboriginal freehold title
1483:"2016 Census QuickStats: Gunbalanya"
513:adding citations to reliable sources
271:, school and community arts centre,
648:and travellers. This soon became a
644:. These painted barks were sold to
1983:Localities and communities of the
1829:Mackinolty, Chips (17 June 2002).
1818:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1635:Nichele, Amelia (4 October 2020).
345:elder and interpreter of culture,
251:Only accessible by air during the
216:, and historically referred to as
152:300 km (186 mi) east of
76:
14:
1369:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
567:vehicle, the river crossing is a
1487:quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au
1203:"SBS Australian Census Explorer"
485:
398:The large and uncommon Oenpelli
290:and the location of significant
75:
68:
2076:Towns in the Northern Territory
1898:, Nungalinya Publications, 1975
1655:"Mick Kubarrku oenpelli Artist"
1265:Bininj Kunwok online dictionary
1175:Australian Bureau of Statistics
469:Access, facilities, and tourism
1926:West Arnhem College Gunbalanya
1903:Arnhem Land: Places and People
1744:Art Gallery of New South Wales
1508:"Awunbarna (Mount Borradaile)"
666:Art Gallery of New South Wales
664:and "Crossing Country" at the
318:is an anglisation of the word
292:Indigenous Australian rock art
278:It is the nearest town to the
255:, Gunbalanya is known for its
1:
1844:Mulvaney, Derek John (2004).
1031:Average rainfall mm (inches)
437:), and are a grouping of the
352:The eldest son of the senior
1916:West Arnhem Regional Council
1870:West Arnhem Regional Council
1850:. Aboriginal Studies Press.
1712:National Museum of Australia
1391:"Eucalypt Diversity Gallery"
662:National Museum of Australia
421:event known as the Oenpelli
1948:Online Kunwinjku dictionary
891:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
821:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
2107:
1822:Melbourne University Press
1147:
701:
1836:The Sydney Morning Herald
1685:Aboriginal Bark Paintings
1659:Aboriginal Bark Paintings
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335:Church Missionary Society
63:
51:
1847:Paddy Cahill of Oenpelli
1395:Currency Creek Arboretum
394:Use of the name Oenpelli
1379:. ("Oenpelli", p. 193).
676:Parts of the 2020 film
185:Territory electorate(s)
30:
1889:Oenpelli Bark Painting
1812:Clinch, M. A. (1979).
1571:10.3828/bfarm.2003.2.6
1183:Australian Census 2021
613:
478:
288:Aboriginal sacred site
246:2021 Australian census
1938:Northern Land Council
1931:31 March 2015 at the
1896:A History of Oenpelli
1789:Birch, Bruce (2011).
611:
580:Northern Land Council
476:
405:Morelia oenpelliensis
298:Etymology and history
222:Aboriginal Australian
1156:Notes and references
751:Record high °C (°F)
656:, Mick Kubarrku and
561:East Alligator River
553:Kakadu National Park
509:improve this section
429:People and surrounds
304:Erre-speaking people
1751:on 28 February 2019
1687:. 28 September 2017
1225:, p. 313, n.3.
1101:Average rainy days
961:Record low °C (°F)
411:Corymbia dunlopiana
372:into the language.
197:Federal division(s)
114: /
1985:West Arnhem Region
1943:Kunwinjku language
1739:"crossing country"
614:
551:, the town within
479:
230:Northern Territory
166:West Arnhem Region
118:12.317°S 133.050°E
45:Northern Territory
2063:
2062:
1891:, Ure Smith, 1979
1857:978-0-855-75456-3
1804:978-1-921-66645-2
1719:on 3 January 2019
1681:"Dick Murramurra"
1661:. 26 October 2017
1377:978-1-4214-0135-5
1152:
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545:
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461:westwards to the
384:Charles Mountford
354:traditional owner
331:Church of England
207:
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1861:
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1747:. Archived from
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1715:. Archived from
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1177:(28 June 2022).
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684:Gan Gan massacre
650:cottage industry
587:Oenpelli Airport
565:four-wheel drive
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463:Wellington Range
455:Maliwawa Figures
284:Mount Borradaile
282:, also known as
259:, in particular
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2014:Van Diemen Gulf
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1879:Further reading
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1820:. Vol. 7.
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1773:. 8 July 2024.
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1559:Before Farming
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1299:
1294:
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1288:, p. 58.
1287:
1286:Mulvaney 2004
1282:
1279:
1266:
1262:
1261:"Kunbarlanja"
1255:
1252:
1249:, p. 37.
1248:
1247:Mulvaney 2004
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435:Bininj Kunwok
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265:bark painting
262:
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242:Bininj Kunwok
239:
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224:town in west
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19:
2034:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1866:"Gunbalanya"
1846:
1834:
1817:
1794:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:the original
1742:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:the original
1710:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1684:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1658:
1649:
1640:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
1604:
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1540:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
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1490:. Retrieved
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1457:
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1445:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1384:
1368:
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1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1320:
1293:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1264:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1208:27 September
1206:. Retrieved
1197:
1182:
1169:
688:
677:
675:
639:
630:Injalak Arts
627:
620:
599:
595:
591:
585:
577:
546:
531:
522:
507:Please help
495:
477:Injalak Hill
447:
432:
416:
409:
403:
397:
387:
377:
374:
367:
351:
347:Bill Neidjie
328:
319:
308:Paddy Cahill
301:
283:
279:
277:
273:Injalak Arts
250:
217:
213:
212:(also spelt
209:
208:
18:
2086:Arnhem Land
2040:Mamadawerre
2028:Communities
2019:West Arnhem
1565:(2): 1–15.
1235:Clinch 1979
679:High Ground
451:sacred site
322:current in
320:Kunbarlanja
226:Arnhem Land
214:Kunbarlanja
178:Arnhem Land
121: /
96:Coordinates
31:Kunbarlanja
2070:Categories
2045:Maningrida
2035:Gunbalanya
1992:Localities
1782:References
1598:, JB Books
1512:bonzle.com
1223:Birch 2011
1103:(≥ 1.0 mm)
573:wet season
419:geological
388:Advertiser
362:handcuffed
358:on Country
253:wet season
244:). At the
210:Gunbalanya
134:Population
83:Gunbalanya
25:Gunbalanya
2050:Minjilang
1755:3 January
1723:3 January
1691:3 January
1665:3 January
1620:4 October
1579:2056-3264
1542:4 October
1517:4 October
1492:4 October
1452:5 October
1426:5 October
1400:5 October
525:July 2024
496:does not
459:Awunbarna
324:Kunwinjku
280:Awunbarna
238:Kunwinjku
38:Gunwinggu
1929:Archived
1328:18 April
1096:(60.53)
1046:(10.56)
1041:(15.84)
1036:(15.15)
816:(106.9)
811:(103.8)
806:(106.9)
801:(106.0)
796:(102.9)
771:(100.8)
756:(100.0)
654:Bardayal
623:rock art
617:Rock art
569:causeway
423:Dolerite
261:rock art
220:) is an
218:Oenpelli
202:Lingiari
149:Location
109:133°03′E
2055:Warruwi
1999:Cobourg
1872:. 2016.
1271:16 June
1094:1,537.4
1091:(9.35)
1086:(4.25)
1081:(0.74)
1076:(0.17)
1071:(0.06)
1066:(0.00)
1061:(0.02)
1056:(0.42)
1051:(4.38)
1026:(49.6)
1021:(69.3)
1016:(64.4)
1011:(57.9)
1006:(53.8)
1001:(49.6)
996:(50.0)
991:(50.7)
986:(57.9)
981:(63.0)
976:(70.5)
971:(69.8)
966:(69.4)
956:(72.3)
951:(76.6)
946:(75.4)
941:(72.5)
936:(68.2)
931:(64.9)
926:(65.5)
921:(67.6)
916:(71.4)
911:(75.2)
906:(76.5)
901:(76.5)
896:(76.6)
886:(93.4)
881:(95.0)
876:(99.0)
871:(99.3)
866:(96.8)
861:(92.3)
856:(89.6)
851:(89.4)
846:(91.4)
841:(92.7)
836:(91.8)
831:(90.9)
826:(91.6)
791:(99.9)
786:(96.8)
781:(96.3)
776:(97.3)
766:(98.1)
761:(98.1)
694:Climate
672:In film
517:removed
502:sources
343:Gagudju
316:toponym
228:in the
190:Arafura
137:1,153 (
106:12°19′S
2009:Kakadu
2004:Jabiru
1854:
1801:
1577:
1375:
1351:
1187:
707:Month
549:Jabiru
439:Bininj
400:python
234:Darwin
173:Region
161:LGA(s)
154:Darwin
34:
1420:(PDF)
1161:Notes
1143:86.9
1140:15.0
1113:16.8
1110:18.0
1107:18.6
1089:237.4
1084:108.0
1049:111.3
1044:268.1
1039:402.3
1034:384.9
746:Year
557:Ubirr
286:, an
1852:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1757:2019
1725:2019
1693:2019
1667:2019
1622:2020
1575:ISSN
1563:2003
1544:2020
1519:2020
1494:2020
1454:2020
1428:2020
1402:2020
1373:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1330:2022
1273:2019
1210:2022
1137:7.1
1134:1.7
1131:0.5
1128:0.2
1125:0.0
1122:0.1
1119:1.5
1116:7.4
1079:18.8
1054:10.6
1019:20.7
1014:18.0
1009:14.4
1004:12.1
994:10.0
989:10.4
984:14.4
979:17.2
974:21.4
969:21.0
964:20.8
954:22.4
949:24.8
944:24.1
939:22.5
934:20.1
929:18.3
924:18.6
919:19.8
914:21.9
909:24.0
904:24.7
899:24.7
894:24.8
884:34.1
879:35.0
874:37.2
869:37.4
864:36.0
859:33.5
854:32.0
849:31.9
844:33.0
839:33.7
834:33.2
829:32.7
824:33.1
814:41.6
809:39.9
804:41.6
799:41.1
794:39.4
789:37.7
784:36.0
779:35.7
774:36.3
769:38.2
764:36.7
759:36.7
754:37.8
743:Dec
740:Nov
737:Oct
734:Sep
731:Aug
728:Jul
725:Jun
722:May
719:Apr
716:Mar
713:Feb
710:Jan
500:any
498:cite
378:The
263:and
142:2021
1567:doi
1074:4.3
1069:1.5
1064:0.1
1059:0.6
1024:9.8
999:9.8
511:by
333:'s
139:UCL
2072::
1868:.
1833:.
1816:.
1741:.
1709:.
1683:.
1657:.
1639:.
1613:.
1573:.
1561:.
1535:.
1510:.
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1393:.
1319:.
1305:^
1263:.
1181:.
686:.
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465:.
445:.
417:A
414:.
402:,
349:.
294:.
275:.
1976:e
1969:t
1962:v
1860:.
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1569::
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1300:.
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1212:.
1185:.
538:)
532:(
527:)
523:(
519:.
505:.
144:)
40:)
36:(
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