838:
1047:
2240:
cosmopolitan in origin and funding, did not exist until the
Kakatiya period. In the lowlands, where Brahmins were numerous, the temples had long benefited from a desire to build social networks for the purposes of domestic and foreign trade, as well as for obtaining grazing rights in the face of competition; in the uplands, the endowment of the buildings was often associated with the construction and continued maintenance of reservoirs and enabled a different type of networking based on political hierarchies. The strengthening of those hierarchies, which was achieved in part by donating land for the temples and then attending worship, was necessary as the inland agrarian society grew rapidly in number and location.
2110:, to defeat the defiant Kakatiya king in 1321. Khan's army was riven with internal dissension due to rumours of the king's death, which caused many officers to leave the army. This caused the siege on this occasion to last much longer — six months, rather than the few weeks that had previously been the case. The attackers were initially repulsed and Khan's forces retreated to regroup in Devagiri. Prataparudra celebrated the apparent victory by opening up his grain stores for public feasting. Khan returned in 1323 with his revitalised and reinforced army and, with few supplies left, Prataparudra was
1434:
2460:
2023:
2276:
much to create a new warrior class,develop social mobility and to extend the influence of the dynasty into areas of its kingdom that previously would have been untouched. The
Kakatiya kings, and in particular the last two, encouraged an egalitarian ethos. The entrenched landed nobility that had existed prior to the dynasty found its power to be on the wane; the royal gifting of lands formerly in the possession of nobles to people of lesser status did much to effect this dilution.
2220:
1441:
2530:
presented himself as a legitimate successor to
Prataparudra, by portraying both of them as righteous monarchs, meanwhile reconstructing Prataparudra's life and career favourably. By 1420, Muslim rulers had become accommodated to the Deccan society, and strong dichotomies between Hindus and Muslims were no longer useful. Muslim rulers were no longer conceived as diametrically opposed to the figure of Prataparudra, but rather as rulers of equal status.
51:
1901:
significantly expanded
Kakatiya lands during the 1230s when he launched a series of attacks outside the dynasty's traditional Telangana region and thus brought under Kakatiya control the Telugu-speaking lowland delta areas around the Godavari and Krishna rivers. The outcome in the case of all three dynasties, says historian Richard Eaton, was that they "catalysed processes of supralocal identity formation and community building".
6660:
5964:
2657:, then the Kakatiya capital. The Sanskrit inscription recording its foundation in 1163 contains an elaborate genealogy of Rudradeva's ancestry... Since it was the earliest of Rudradeva's inscriptions to omit any mention of the Chalukya dynasty of Kalyani, we can assume that the construction of the temple was meant to mark Rudradeva's new status as an overlord in his own right."
7472:
1933:
347:
2689:, p. 234): "Vennama, the son of Dāma, led his troops in a defeat of the Turks very probably during Ala-ud-din Khalji's first invasion of Telangana in 1303. This success against the Turkish arms took place in the battle of Upparapalli, where Potuganti Maili is said to have put the enemies to flight."
2624:, p. 234): "Vennama, the son of Dāma, led his troops in a defeat of the Turks very probably during Ala-ud-din Khalji's first invasion of Telangana in 1303. This success against the Turkish arms took place in the battle of Upparapalli, where Potuganti Maili is said to have put the enemies to flight."
2235:
A notable trend during the dynastic period was the construction of reservoirs for irrigation in the uplands, around 5000 of which were built by warrior families subordinate to the
Kakatiyas. This dramatically altered the possibilities for development in the sparsely populated dry areas. Many of these
854:
temples. They are particularly abundant for the period 1175–1324 CE, which is the period when the dynasty most flourished and are a reflection of that. The probability is that many inscriptions have been lost due to buildings falling into disuse and also the ravages of subsequent rulers, most notably
1037:
among the ancestors of
Durjaya, the progenitor of the Kakatiya family. The Malkapuram inscription of Visvesvara Sivacharya, the preceptor of Kakatiya rulers Ganapati-deva and Rudrama-devi, also connects the Kakatiyas to the solar dynasty (Sūryavaṃsa). The term "Kshatriya" in these panegyric records
2471:
Tughlaq control of the area lasted only for around a decade. The fall of the
Kakatiya dynasty resulted in both political and cultural disarray because of both disparate resistance to the sultanate and dissension within it. The structure of the Kakatiya polity disintegrated and their lands soon fell
2307:
preceptor
Ramesvara Panditabefor and established Shaivism as his family's religion. The Shaivism-affiliated personal names of the later Kakatiya kings (such as Rudra, Mahadeva, Harihara, and Ganapati) also indicate a shift towards Shaivism. This, according to Sastry, strengthens the theory that the
2541:
class of Telugu warriors and provided the elite of the
Vijayanagara empire with what Talbot has described as a "charter of legitimacy". This work claimed, contrary to all reasonable evidence, that he did not die after being taken prisoner but instead met with the sultan, was recognised as being an
2519:
period. This appears likely to be historical revisionism, dating from a genealogy published by the ruling family in 1703, because it records only eight generations spanning almost four centuries of rule. Such revisionism and tenuous claims of connection to the
Kakatiyas was not uncommon because it
1900:
Just as the Yadava and Hoysala dynasties took control of linguistically related areas during the 13th century, so too did the Kakatiyas under the rule of Ganapati. He is also known as Ganapathi Deva and, according to Sastry, reigned between 1199 and 1262; Sircar gives regnal dates of 1199–1260. He
1872:
According to Sastry, Prataparudra I reigned between around 1158 – 1195, while Sircar gives the dates 1163–1195. He was also known as Rudra Deva, Kakatiya Rudradeva, Venkata, and Venkataraya He was the son of Prola II, who had made efforts to assert greater Kakatiya influence on territories in
673:
title that denoted the warrior status. They recruited peasants into the military which resulted in a new warrior class and provided social mobility. Kakatiya era also saw the development of a distinct style of architecture which improved and innovated upon the existing modes. Most notable examples
2529:
According to Talbot and Eaton, a revisionist interpretation of Prataparudra II himself appeared much sooner, within a few years of his death, and for broadly similar reasons. A stone inscription dated 1330 mentions a Prolaya Nayaka, who was said to have restored order, as in Prataparudra days. He
2275:
The population became more settled in geographic terms. The growth of an agricultural peasant class subsumed many tribal people who previously had been nomadic. The nexus of politics and military was a significant feature of the era, and the Kakatiya recruitment of peasants into the military did
1324:
of ancient Andhra. According to Kakatiya inscriptions, he ruled from a town called Kakati, because of which his family was called Kakatishas ("lords of Kakati"). Not much is known about his successors Gunda I and Gunda II, who ruled during c. 815-865 CE. The Bayyaram tank inscription compares his
2259:
Caste itself seems to have been of low importance as a social identifier. There was a lack of consistency regarding the varna rank of Kakatiyas. In most of their inscriptions, no varna affiliation was specified. In the case of a few where it was specified, they were mostly recorded to have been
2160:
while the former was the haunt of "peasants, artisans and warriors". Under the Kakatiyas, cultural innovation often began in the uplands, was refined in the lowlands and then recycled back into the Deccan. This bi-directional flow of cultural influences brought into being a feeling of cultural
2086:
who had seen his reduced status as an opportunity for independence. Later, though, in 1318, he failed to provide the annual tribute to Delhi, claiming that the potential for being attacked on the journey made it impossible. The succeeding Sultan Mubarak Shah responded by sending another of his
2239:
Another notable architectural feature of the dynasty relates to temples. Even before the arrival of the dynasty, there were large, well-established and well-endowed Hindu places of worship in the relatively populous delta areas; however, the temples of the uplands, which were smaller and less
2006:, dating from the 16th century. His reign began in 1289 (alternative date: 1295) and ended with the demise of the dynasty in 1323. It is described by Eaton as the "first chapter in a larger story" that saw the style of polity in the Deccan change from being regional kingdoms to transregional
2256:. Colonial British administrators found much that appealed to them in the latter works but the Kakatiya inscriptions of Andhra Pradesh, which depict a far wider range of society and events, suggest that the reality was far more fluid and very different from the idealised image.
2066:
that ended with success in February 1310. Prataparudra was forced to make various symbolic acts of obeisance designed to demonstrate his new position as a subordinate but, as was Alauddin's plan, he was not removed as ruler of the area but rather forced thereafter to pay annual
1270:), and had adopted Garuda as their royal insignia. According to Sastry, this corroborates the theory that the Kakatiyas were associated with the Rashtrakuta family. Sastry further speculates that the Kakatiyas may have adopted the Garuda symbol because of Jain influence: the
795:
tank inscription from the reign of Ganapati-deva states that the Kakatiya chief Venna (c. 9th century) resided at Kakati, because of which his descendants came to be known as Kakatishas ("lords of Kakati"). Ganapati-deva's Garavapadu charter traces the family's ancestry to
2114:
after a five-month siege. The unprepared and battle-weary army of Orugallu was finally defeated, and Orugallu was renamed Sultanpur. It seems probable, from combining various contemporary and near-contemporary accounts, that Prataparudra committed suicide near the
1383:(r. c. 1000-1052 CE) accepted the Kalyani Chalukya suzerainty and received from them the fief of Anumakonda (modern Hanamakonda), which later became the Kakatiya capital. He distinguished himself in the Chalukya campaigns against the Cholas, during the reign of
2165:
where nothing of that nature had previously existed. The unification of the distinct upland and lowland cultures was their most significant political achievement, achieved through a process of binding many locally powerful figures in allegiance to the empire.
2099:, with his obeisance on this occasion being arranged by the sultanate to include a very public display whereby he bowed towards Delhi from the ramparts of Orugallu. The amount of his annual tribute was changed, becoming 100 elephants and 12,000 horses.
804:
king of ancient south India, arrived at a town called Kakati during a hunting expedition, and set up his camp there. The modern identity of Kakati is uncertain: different historians have variously attempted to identify it with modern Kakati village in
1953:, who visited India probably some time around 1289–1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms. She continued the planned fortification of the capital, raising the height of Ganapati's wall as well as adding a second earthen
2524:
He is said to have left for the northeast after anointing Prataparudra's son as king. Thus, the founder of the family fortunes in Bastar may very well have been a Telugu warrior from Telangana who was familiar with the prevalent legends about the
1371:(r. c. 955-995) helped the Vengi Chalukya prince Danarnava ascend the throne after a succession dispute. In 973 CE, after the collapse of the Rashtrakuta empire and the murder of Danarnava, he attempted to carve out an independent principality at
1174:
The significance of the suffix "Rashtrakuta" in the names of the early Kakatiya chiefs is debated. According to one theory, the suffix only implies that these chiefs were Rashtrakuta subordinates. This theory is based on the fact that the phrase
837:
1397:
1052-1076), the son of Beta I, participated in various Chalukya military campaigns, consolidated the Kakatiya control around Anumakonda by defeating local chiefs, and obtained Anumakonda as a hereditary fief. The Chalukya king granted his son
849:
Much of the information about the Kakatiya period comes from inscriptions, including around 1,000 stone inscriptions, and 12 copper-plate inscriptions. Most of these inscriptions document matters relating to religion, such as donations to
3942:
2296:. The 1123 Govindapuram Jain inscription of Polavasa, another family of feudatory chiefs, contains a similar account of how their ancestor Madhavavarman obtained military strength by the grace of the Jain goddess Yakshesvari.
1947:, also known as Rudramadevi, reigned around 1262–1289 CE (alternative dates: 1261–1295 CE) and is one of the few queens in Indian history. Sources disagree regarding whether she was the widow of Ganapati or his daughter.
1919:
Ganapati was keen to bolster the dynasty's economy. He encouraged merchants to trade abroad, abolishing all taxes except for a fixed duty and supporting those who risked their lives to travel afar. He created the man-made
1092:
tank by Ganapati's sister Mailama (or Mailamba), provides another genealogical list. The similarities of names mentioned in the Mangallu and Bayyaram inscriptions lists suggest that both of these refer to the same family:
667:. Kakatiya period also saw the construction of reservoirs for irrigation in the uplands called "tanks" many of which are still used today. They were egalitarian in nature and anyone, regardless of birth, could acquire the
2558:
from their allegiance to him and told them to become independent kings. The work also claims Vijayanagara to be an ally of Prataparudra, which is clearly anachronistic but served the purpose of elevating the role of the
829:). However, no other evidence supports this tradition. Later, the Kakatiya capital Orugallu (present-day Warangal) was also called "Kakati-pura" ("Kakati town"), as attested by some inscriptions of the dynasty.
863:
region. Inscriptions are still being discovered today but governmental agencies tend to concentrate on recording those that are already known rather than searching for new examples. A 1978 book written by
648:(i.e. Tughluq) in 1323 saw stiff resistance by the Kakatiyan army, but they were finally defeated. The demise of Kakatiya dynasty resulted in confusion and anarchy under alien rulers for sometime, before
2177:, of which the Kakatiyas were one. The four dynasties were in a constant state of warfare with each other, with the Kakatiyas eventually exercising control from close to Anagondi in the west to
4054:
970:
Besides epigraphs and literature, the forts, temples and tanks constructed during the Kakatiya period are an important source of information about contemporary society, art and architecture.
1212:, the name of a clan from which some Rashtrakutas claimed descent. He notes that some chiefs of Rashtrakuta origin adopted the title "Viṭṭi-narayana", which means "as great as Narayana (
2771:, then came into existence. In it was born the king named Prola, who was renowned for being exceedingly judicious.'... , the Kakatiyas are linked with the solar dynasty of the ancient
7500:
768:
Although the Hindu mythological texts do not mention any such form of Durga, the worship of a goddess named Kakati is attested by several other sources. For example, Vallabharaya's
753:
According to Kakatiya inscriptions, the family's name derives from the name of a place called Kakati. However, Kumarasvami Somapithin, in his 15th-century commentary on Vidynatha's
3247:
7495:
5981:
537:
776:
inscription mentions the reinstallation of the image of goddess Jaganmatruka (mother of the universe) and the lotus seat of the Kakatirajya, which had been destroyed by the
1316:
The regnal years of the early members of the Kakatiya family are not certain. The earliest known Kakatiya chief is Venna or Vanna (r. c. 800-815), who claimed descent from
4912:
555:
2272:. Although occupation does appear to have been an important designator of social position, the inscriptions suggest that people were not bound to an occupation by birth.
1983:
who had been selected for that purpose by her father. Having no son as an heir, Rudrama abdicated in favour of her grandson when it became apparent that the expansionist
1964:
language inscription also states that the Kakatiya general Bhairava defeated the Yadava army probably in or after 1263 CE, which may be a reference to his repulsion of
7314:
2266:
title to denote warrior statusKshatriy and this they did. There is also little evidence that Kakatiya society paid much regard to caste identities, in the sense of
2947:
7443:
7438:
7062:
1852:
7530:
7266:
663:
Kakatiyas unified the distinct upland and lowland cultures of Telugu lands, which brought into being a feeling of cultural affinity between those who spoke the
7453:
2442:
Had three children, including Mummadamba (married Kakati Mahadeva), Rudrama (married Yadava prince Ellana-deva), and Ruyyama (married Induluri Annaya-mantri)
1433:
2316:
The following members of the Kakatiya family are known from epigraphic evidence. The rulers are children of their predecessors, unless otherwise specified.
1417:. After the decline of the Chalukya power in the 12th century, they assumed sovereignty by suppressing other Chalukya subordinates in the Telangana region.
605:(r. 1199–1262) significantly expanded Kakatiya lands during the 1230s and brought under Kakatiya control the Telugu-speaking lowland delta areas around the
7448:
2799:, pp. 57–58) quotes from the Vilasa grant of Prolaya Nayaka: "hen Prataparudra of the Kakati family ruled, even such celebrated rulers of the past as
2042:
because of the possibility for plunder. The first foray into the Kakatiya kingdom was made in 1303 by Malik Chajju, the nephew of the Indian Muslim Wazir
601:
for more than two centuries. They assumed sovereignty under Prataparudra I in 1163 CE by suppressing other Chalukya subordinates in the Telangana region.
6491:
1904:
The Kakatiya capital at Orugallu, established in 1195, was not forgotten while Ganapati expanded his territory. He organised the building of a massive
7299:
7261:
6600:
7304:
2533:
This type of revisionism, which Talbot describes as "social memories" and which persist to the present day, reappeared in the 16th century with the
1046:
2520:
was perceived as legitimising the right to rule and a warrior status. Talbot notes that there is a record of a brother called Annamadeva and that:
6610:
6514:
5153:
1186:
was used for officers employed by the Rashtrakuta administration, not feudatory chiefs: the early records of the Kakatiya chiefs describe them as
530:
2912:
The Kakatiyas first issued inscriptions in Kannada that were very closely modelled on those of their imperial overlords, the Chalukyas of Kalyani
2248:
There is a disparity between analysis of inscriptions, of which the work of Cynthia Talbot has been in the vanguard and the traditional works of
621:, who visited India around 1289–1293, made note of Rudrama Devi's rule and nature in flattering terms. She successfully repelled the attacks of
7525:
6539:
4905:
5886:
1885:
chiefs of the Chalukyas. It is notable that inscriptions were henceforth written using the Kakatiya chiefs' vernacular Telugu rather than the
7319:
7039:
6665:
6595:
6590:
6380:
5968:
4762:
4742:
4702:
4679:
4655:
4543:
4509:
4486:
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3844:
3707:
3073:
2905:
1407:
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The new arrangements did not last long. Taking advantage of a revolution in Delhi that saw the Khalji dynasty removed and the Punjab-born
7309:
7253:
6896:
5952:
2062:, in an attempt to force Prataparudra into acceptance of a position subordinate to the sultanate at Delhi. Kafur organised a month-long
1081:). This suggests that Gunda IV was a Rashtrakuta general, and not a Vengi Chalukya subordinate, as assumed by some earlier historians.
4446:
2260:
Kshatriyas. A handful of the inscriptions however tried to portray them as kshatriyas. Anyone, regardless of birth, could acquire the
2169:
The area of land under Kakatiya control reached its zenith around the 13th century CE during the rule of Ganapati Deva. By this time,
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326:
50:
7458:
6868:
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around 1157/1158 while doing so. It was during Prataparudra's reign, in 1163, that the Kakatiyas declared an end to their status as
1865:
The 1149 Sanigaram inscription of Prola II is the last known record of the Kakatiyas as vassals. The 1163 Anumakonda inscription of
1300:. However, no other Kakatiya record mentions Karikala, and unlike the Telugu Chodas, the Kakatiyas did not claim to belong to the
1220:("Voddi family") in the Mangallu inscription may be same as "Viṣṭi". Sastry also believes that the early Kakatiya chiefs followed
1179:
appears in several Rashtrakuta-era copper-plate inscriptions, and refers to the officers and subjects of the Rashtrakuta kingdom.
7294:
7289:
6534:
6519:
6496:
6187:
2823:), which he had up to that time kept under check, flourished under them, as the conditions were very favourable for its growth."
765:. It is possible that the early Kakatiya chiefs resided at a place called Kakati, which had a shrine of their tutelary goddess.
7284:
6648:
6529:
6370:
6365:
6157:
2715:
1379:, who had usurped the power from the Rashtrakutas. The Kalyani Chalukya forces probably defeated and killed Gunda IV. His son
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242:
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203:
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and ruled for half a century. Surrounded by more significant states, by the 15th century these new entities had ceded to the
1182:
According to another theory, the suffix implies that the Kakatiyas were a branch of the Rashtrakuta family because the term
3026:
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1954:
1224:, which was also patronized by the Rashtrakutas, thus strengthening the view that the two dynasties were connected (see
841:
Vishnu with his mount, Garuda, his consort, Lakshmi, and attendants, 12-13th century, Kakatiya period. Kalyani region,
821:, a later literary work, states that the ancestors of the Kakatiya family lived at Kandarapura (identified with modern
7510:
7245:
6767:
6742:
6702:
6481:
6466:
6232:
4862:
4409:
Chakravarti, Ranabir (1991), "Horse Trade and Piracy at Tana (Thana, Maharashtra, India): Gleanings from Marco Polo",
2425:
2414:
2252:
that described pre-colonial India in terms of a reverent and static society that was subject to the strictures of the
987:. Many other ruling dynasties of Andhra also claimed descent from Durjaya. Nothing further is known about this chief.
602:
372:
5930:
2895:
2767:, p. 51): "An inscription reads: `The Kakatiya dynasty, praised by the entire world and belonging to the fourth
2669:
referred to the kingdom as Mutfili, which was the name for the area around a major port of the dynasty, now known as
868:
on the history of the Kakatiyas, published by the Government of Andhra Pradesh also constitutes one of the sources.
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6461:
2011:
1317:
984:
377:
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1528:
334:
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6752:
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4921:
2714:, p. 13) The linguistic mapping of regions of India continued to the present day and formed a part of the
699:
637:
566:
region in present-day India between 12th and 14th centuries. Their territory comprised much of the present day
4026:
3199:
Garavapadu plates trace the descent of the dynasty through Karikala, Anitalli's Kaluvacheru grant (A.D. 1423)
7377:
7004:
6689:
6554:
6109:
6036:
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states that Madhavavarman, an ancestor of the Kakatiyas, obtained military strength by the grace of goddess
2111:
2096:
2063:
1909:
1708:
1669:
1563:
1361:
1216:) of the Vitti (Vrishni) family. Sastry further proposes that the term "Voddi", which appears in the phrase
1078:
895:
literary works written during Kakatiya and post-Kakatiya period. The most notable among these works include
865:
598:
222:
6574:
4780:
Venkataramanayya, N.; Sarma, M. Somasekhara (1960). "The Kakatiyas of Warangal". In Yazdani, Ghulam (ed.).
2051:
1972:
with the Yadava symbols; this varaha may have been stuck on Mahadeva's coins to mark the Kakatiya victory.
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7024:
7014:
6939:
6051:
6026:
2732:
2577:
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edifices, often called "tanks", including the large examples at Pakala and Ramappa, are still used today.
2202:
1838:
1296:
among the family's ancestors, epigraphist C.R.K. Charlu theorised that the Kakatiyas were a branch of the
675:
622:
3670:
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2857:
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7397:
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2198:
2075:
diamond passed from Kakatiya ownership to that of Alauddin, along with 20,000 horses and 100 elephants.
2022:
1873:
the eastern parts of the declining Western Chalukyan empire and who died in a battle fought against the
1768:
1693:
1406:
996-1051) the Sabbi-1000 province (the historical Sabbi-nadu region with 1000 villages, centered around
499:
424:
4711:
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998), "Hearing Voices: Vignettes of Early Modernity in South Asia, 1400–1750",
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6448:
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4650:. Vol. 4 (Part 1) (1987 reprint ed.). Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
2507:
A brother of Prataparudra II, Annamaraja, has been associated with ruling what eventually became the
2107:
2047:
2043:
1965:
1869:
alias Prataparudra I is the earliest known record that describes the Kakatiyas as a sovereign power.
1414:
1376:
1282:
810:
711:
645:
338:
1251:-Beta, and "Garuda" here appears to refer to the family's emblem. In Hindu mythology, Garuda is the
772:
mentions an image of Kakatamma ("Mother Kakati") in the Kakatiya capital Orugallu. The 16th century
636:
invaded the Kakatiya territory which ended up as a disaster for the Turks. But after the successful
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2091:, to Orugallu with a force that bristled with technology previously unknown in the area, including
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785:
594:
479:
419:
291:
2653:, p. 128): "Soon after he came to power, Rudradeva had the Thousand Pillared temple built in
2219:
1281:
is represented by the Garuda symbol. However, when the Kakatiyas switched their allegiance to the
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5938:
5888:
Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"
5520:
5347:
5291:
5247:
4848:
4840:
4720:
4531:
4464:
4426:
3252:
2943:
2493:
2106:
installed as sultan, Prataparudra again asserted his independence in 1320. Tughlaq sent his son,
1736:
1649:
1625:
1353:
1235:
as their royal insignia, as attested by the Ekamranatha temple inscription of Ganapati-deva, the
1066:
404:
3192:
1344:-speaking region as commanders of the Rashtrakuta armies. The earliest of these was Venna's son
746:
may have been alternate names of Prataparuda I, with the former appearing on a coin in the form
7412:
7372:
7009:
6989:
6954:
6929:
6307:
6292:
6287:
6247:
6152:
6124:
6006:
5759:
5755:
5713:
5702:
5680:
5648:
5634:
5319:
4879:
4871:
4797:
4787:
4758:
4738:
4698:
4675:
4651:
4632:
4539:
4505:
4482:
4442:
4396:
4077:
3994:
3840:
3703:
3676:
3069:
3000:
2901:
2863:
2775:, stemming from Ikshvaku through Dasharatha and Rama... The lack of consistency regarding the
2710:
at least as early as 1053 and suggests an emerging correlation of linguistics and geography. (
1517:
1440:
998:. Examples include the Bothpur and Vaddamanu inscriptions of Ganapati's general Malyala Gunda
948:
881:
873:
494:
434:
277:
208:
4553:
3697:
2743:. The Yadavas, Hoysalas and Kakatiyas had carved up what had been the area controlled by the
2484:
who served as army chiefs for Kakatiya kingdom united the various Telugu clans and recovered
994:(social class) of the family, but the majority of the ones that do, proudly describe them as
714:
reveal that there was no contemporary standard spelling of the family name. Variants include
7407:
7362:
6994:
6979:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6924:
6569:
6355:
6207:
6182:
6177:
6119:
6099:
5644:
5629:
5625:
5578:
5574:
5534:
5500:
5496:
5315:
5139:
5111:
5103:
5049:
4867:
4830:
4418:
2293:
2174:
1976:
1886:
1552:
991:
956:
649:
474:
469:
464:
249:
92:
2132:
The Kakatiya base was the city of Orugallu in the dry uplands of northern Telangana on the
1957:
1.5 miles (2.4 km) in diameter and with an additional 150 feet (46 m)-wide moat.
1856:
Location of the Kakatiyas and neighbouring South Asian polities in 1175, on the eve of the
734:. The family name was often prefixed to the name of the monarch, giving constructs such as
7402:
7392:
7367:
7342:
7029:
6949:
6834:
6794:
6712:
6257:
6237:
6046:
5882:
5763:
5721:
5717:
5684:
5656:
5652:
5598:
5504:
5436:
5398:
5204:
2707:
2605:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2182:
2162:
2079:
2039:
2035:
1999:
1987:
1874:
1616:
1341:
1002:. The Kakatiyas also maintained marital relations with other Shudra families, such as the
964:
892:
664:
657:
633:
629:
504:
489:
454:
429:
409:
263:
84:
1013:
A few copper-plate inscriptions of the Kakatiya family describe them as belonging to the
5038:
1410:). He was succeeded by his sons, first Durga-raja and then Prola II (r. c. 1116–1157).
7347:
7200:
7085:
6944:
6881:
6747:
6669:
6634:
6227:
5618:
5491:
5388:
4989:
4586:
Rao, Velcheru Narayana (2003), "Court, Temple, and Public", in Pollock, Sheldon (ed.),
2736:
2572:
2508:
2477:
2224:
2206:
2145:
2137:
2133:
1824:
1809:
1660:
1637:
1505:
1490:
1293:
1240:
1236:
1038:
appears to signify the family's warrior-like qualities rather than their actual varna.
869:
842:
797:
777:
683:
606:
571:
563:
414:
356:
2082:
in the south, and he took advantage of that situation to quell some of his vassals in
7489:
7230:
7145:
7052:
6717:
6063:
5767:
5725:
5570:
5530:
5431:
5414:
5367:
5352:
5338:
5311:
5307:
5267:
5252:
5241:
5193:
4852:
4819:"Temples, Donors, and Gifts: Patterns of Patronage in Thirteenth-Century South India"
4644:
N. Venkataramanayya; P. V. P. Sastry (1957). "The Kākatīyas". In Sharma, R.S. (ed.).
4615:
Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India through European Eyes, 1250–1625
4527:
2740:
2262:
2210:
2186:
2153:
2149:
2116:
1857:
1607:
1598:
1297:
1030:
856:
691:
687:
669:
610:
484:
439:
352:
235:
5129:
7476:
7235:
7160:
6974:
6876:
6615:
6549:
6433:
5486:
5359:
5259:
5067:
5032:
5014:
5006:
4950:
2748:
2670:
2512:
2447:
2436:
2284:
Historian P.V.P. Sastry theorizes that the early Kakatiya chiefs were followers of
2178:
2088:
1944:
1937:
1724:
1413:
After the decline of the Rashtrakuta power, the Kakatiyas served as vassals of the
1384:
1375:. The Mudugonda Chalukyas, whom he had displaced from Kuravi, sought help from the
1022:
814:
614:
4073:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One
3977:, p. 160 "An earlier attack on Warangal in 1304 had been unsuccessful.".
1247:. The Bayyaram tank inscription calls the Kakatiya chief Beta I (son of Gunda IV)
4781:
4752:
4732:
4692:
4669:
4645:
4626:
4567:
4499:
4476:
4388:
3063:
7190:
7150:
6886:
6418:
5675:
5668:
5551:
5525:
5333:
5303:
4964:
4754:
Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra
2728:
2634:
2563:, whom it claimed to be ultimately subordinate to Vijayanagara during his time.
2516:
2170:
2141:
2059:
1921:
1892:
Mahadeva succeeded Prataparudra I as king, reigning probably from 1195 to 1199.
1475:
1326:
1278:
1275:
1059:
826:
773:
761:
states that the family was named after their tutelary goddess Kakati, a form of
509:
2450:(r. c. 1289-1323), son of Mummadamba, tributary to the Delhi Sultanate at times
1356:
kingdom around 895 CE. Krishna II captured the Kurravadi (possibly present-day
1259:. The Rashtrakutas and some other dynasties of Deccan claimed descent from the
7225:
7195:
7080:
7047:
6413:
6408:
5737:
5547:
2897:
Precolonial India in Practice Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra
2666:
2654:
2214:
2078:
In 1311, Prataparudra formed a part of the sultanate forces that attacked the
2072:
2027:
1980:
1950:
1539:
1349:
1010:
chiefs. All this evidence indicates that the Kakatiyas were of Shudra origin.
1003:
983:
The Kakatiya rulers traced their ancestry to a legendary chief or ruler named
801:
695:
679:
618:
579:
444:
4883:
4636:
1908:
wall around the city, complete with ramps designed for ease of access to its
7205:
7185:
7180:
7075:
6818:
6802:
6680:
6564:
6388:
6031:
5986:
5972:
5480:
4801:
4059:. Punjabi University. Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies. 1966. p. 152.
3194:
Sources of the History of India: Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh. Maharashtra. Goa
2408:
2384:
2337:
2304:
2228:
2092:
2055:
1990:
was encroaching on the Deccan and might in due course attack the Kakatiyas.
1882:
1866:
1587:
1345:
1321:
1197:
1074:
1026:
1014:
877:
860:
806:
575:
567:
360:
4890:
2396:
His children included Rudra, Mahadeva, Harihara, Ganapati and Repolla Durga
1340:
The c. 956 CE Mangallu inscription suggests that the Kakatiyas came to the
2431:
Had two children, including Ganapamba (married Kota Beta) and Rudrama-devi
2156:. According to Rao and Shulman, the latter contained a high proportion of
1360:) region from the Vengi Chalukyas, and probably appointed Gunda III's son
7215:
7135:
7125:
7115:
7110:
7090:
6559:
6544:
6438:
6428:
6423:
6393:
5907:
The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century
5558:
5441:
5299:
5125:
5117:
5071:
5062:
2485:
2390:
2357:
2300:
2050:, which was a disaster due to the resistance of the Kakatiya army in the
1878:
1756:
1368:
1334:
1301:
1208:
Viṣṭi. Historian P.V.P. Sastry theorises that "Viṣṭi" is a corruption of
1085:
1070:
1055:
1007:
952:
888:
792:
653:
587:
102:
88:
73:
4724:
4468:
1932:
17:
7165:
7155:
7140:
6810:
6403:
5639:
5565:
5466:
5447:
5295:
5168:
5121:
5083:
5076:
4844:
4430:
2609:
2411:(r. c. 1158-1195), son of Prola II, became a sovereign Tughlaq'sin 1163
2378:
2372:
2285:
2268:
2157:
2083:
2068:
1961:
1913:
1905:
1399:
1390:
1267:
1260:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1018:
822:
781:
641:
559:
346:
122:
106:
2783:
claims were put forth primarily in documents associated with gifts to
2779:
rank of the Kakatiya dynasty is noteworthy, as is the fact that their
7210:
7175:
7170:
7130:
7120:
7100:
6322:
5602:
5173:
5088:
5020:
4946:
4569:
Cultural Heritage of the Kakatiyas: A Medieval Kingdom of South India
2543:
2366:
2007:
1984:
1969:
1796:
1380:
1372:
1357:
1286:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1232:
1073:. The inscription names Gundyana's ancestors as Gundiya-Rashtrakuta (
995:
583:
399:
4835:
4818:
4422:
3248:"Tamil Inscription From Kakatiya Era Found In Medieval AP Port Town"
2999:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (b).
2862:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (b).
2472:
under the control of numerous families from communities such as the
1325:
successors - Gunda I, Gunda II, and Gunda III - to the three Ramas (
4671:
Some Epigraphical Records of the Medieval Period from Eastern India
2420:
Had three children, including Ganapati-deva, Mailamba, and Kundamba
7105:
7070:
2547:
2473:
2458:
2218:
2030:
diamond. The diamond was originally owned by the Kakatiya dynasty.
2021:
1931:
1305:
1045:
963:
also provides information about Prataparudra's relations with the
851:
836:
780:(Turkic people). According to one theory, Kakati was originally a
762:
449:
4786:. Vol. VIII: Yādavas of Seuṇadeśa. Oxford University Press.
2975:
2973:
1017:(warrior) varna. These inscriptions primarily document grants to
7220:
5133:
4974:
3371:. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Department of Archaeology. 1960.
1783:
1448:
1364:
as a governor there. Not much is known about Erra's son Betiya.
1330:
1034:
6630:
5934:
4894:
955:
describe Prataparudra's defeats against the Muslim armies. The
617:(r. 1262–1289) who is one of the few queens in Indian history.
738:. Some of the monarchs also had alternate names; for example,
640:
of Warangal in 1310, Prataparudra II was forced to pay annual
4734:
History of the Minor Chaḷukya Families in Medieval Andhradesa
4588:
Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia
2948:"Rise and fall of Kakatiyas, turning point in Indian history"
2550:, and was allowed to return to Orugallu. Once back home, the
1292:
Based on Ganapati-deva's Garavapadu inscription, which names
4269:
4267:
3924:
3922:
1308:. Therefore, Sastry dismisses Charlu's theory as untenable.
4455:
Desai, V. R. M. (1962), "Savings in Ancient Hindu Polity",
4122:
4120:
2727:
Aside from the Kakatiyas, the dominant Hindu monarchies in
3150:
3148:
3146:
3116:
3114:
3112:
1968:'s invasion. A coin of Mahadeva bears the Kakatiya emblem
3675:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 37, 147.
710:
Studies of the inscriptions and coinage by the historian
4439:
Representing the Other? Sanskrit Sources and the Muslims
4411:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
4107:
4105:
3733:
3731:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3087:
3085:
2747:, while the Pandyas controlled lands formerly under the
2537:
hagiography, which claimed him to be the founder of the
1088:
tank inscription, which records the construction of the
3858:
3856:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3497:
3495:
3470:
3468:
3455:
3453:
3392:
3390:
3313:
3311:
2387:
alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1108-1116), son of Beta II
2173:
and the Deccan was essentially under the aegis of four
1231:
The Kakatiyas seemed to have adopted the mythical bird
1069:
prince Dānārnava, at the request of the Kakatiya chief
1054:
According to an interpretation of the Mangallu and the
3897:
3895:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3774:
3772:
3770:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
1062:
vassals, but also a branch of the Rashtrakuta family.
1021:, and appear to be inspired by the genealogies of the
887:
Information about the Kakatiya period also comes from
4595:
Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David, eds. (2002),
4501:
The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History
2815:., Prataparudra set, the world was enveloped in the
2417:(r. c. 1196-1199), son of Prola II, married Bayyama
2328:
Venna, born in the family of Durjaya (r. c. 800-815)
2299:
According to tradition, Prola II was initiated into
2034:
The Kakatiya kingdom attracted the attention of the
1998:
The earliest biography of Rudrama Devi's successor,
788:) and later came to be regarded as a form of Durga.
7431:
7328:
7275:
7244:
7061:
7038:
6895:
6867:
6776:
6688:
6583:
6505:
6447:
6379:
6321:
6143:
6082:
5994:
5900:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
4387:Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia, eds. (2006),
2731:and the Deccan around the 13th century CE were the
2393:(r. c. 1116-1157), son of Beta II, married Muppama
312:
166:
156:
143:
131:
121:
113:
98:
80:
68:
60:
36:
4861:
4572:. Warangal: District Council for Cultural Affairs.
4504:(Reprinted ed.), Cambridge University Press,
1065:The 956 CE Mangallu inscription was issued by the
625:(Seuna) of Devagiri into the Kakatiyan territory.
4520:Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City
4056:Proceedings - Punjab History Conference Volume 1
3197:. Institute of Historical Studies. p. 167.
2979:
2752:
2136:. From there they expanded their influence into
2071:to Delhi. It was probably at this time that the
990:Most of the Kakatiya records do not mention the
4647:A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985–1206
4604:Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David (2012),
3974:
2522:
2439:(r. c. 1262-1289), married Chalukya Virabhadra
593:Early Kakatiya rulers served as feudatories to
7444:List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh
7439:List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population
3049:
2900:. Oxford University Press. 20 September 2001.
2796:
1050:Kubera, Hoysala-Kakatiya period, 1100-1350 CE.
652:united the various Telugu clans and recovered
7501:States and territories disestablished in 1323
6642:
5946:
4906:
3886:
3068:. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. pp. 33, 65.
2811:were completely forgotten."... "hen the Sun,
531:
8:
7454:List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh
4783:The Early History of the Deccan Parts VII–XI
4186:
3944:Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers:Volume 19
2500:, the latter of which evolved to become the
7449:List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh
4697:(Reprinted ed.), Motilal Banarsidass,
4631:. Hyderabad: Government of Andhra Pradesh.
4258:
3958:Marmaduke Pickthall, Muhammad Asad (1981).
3928:
2674:
586:. Their capital was Orugallu, now known as
7496:States and territories established in 1163
6649:
6635:
6627:
5953:
5939:
5931:
4913:
4899:
4891:
4606:Srinatha: The Poet Who Made Gods and Kings
4389:"The expansion of Turkic power, 1180–1350"
4273:
4138:
4126:
2119:while being taken as a prisoner to Delhi.
1058:inscriptions, the Kakatiyas were not just
538:
524:
321:
49:
33:
6601:List of urban agglomerations in Telangana
6596:List of cities in Telangana by population
4834:
4773:The Early Muslim Expansion in South India
4478:A Social History of the Deccan: 1300–1761
3065:The Art and Architecture of the Kākatīyas
2181:in the north-east, and down to Kanei and
1029:inscription of Ganapati counts legendary
55:Map of the Kakatiyas, circa 1150–1300 CE.
4934:
4930:
1095:
6611:List of urban local bodies in Telangana
5789:
4555:History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D.
4457:The Indian Journal of Political Science
3830:
3828:
3609:
2836:
2589:
2428:(r. c. 1199-1262), married Somala-devi
2381:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1076-1108)
2010:that survived until the arrival of the
947:. Chronicles by Muslim authors such as
613:rivers. Ganapati Deva was succeeded by
386:
333:
6336:Rachakonda-Bhuvanagiri, Hyderabad East
5470:Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
4357:
4321:
4297:
4285:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4210:
4111:
4076:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 95.
3874:
3862:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3722:
3699:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765
3656:
3644:
3621:
3597:
3585:
3573:
3561:
3549:
3537:
3525:
3513:
3501:
3486:
3474:
3459:
3444:
3432:
3420:
3408:
3396:
3381:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3266:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3178:
3166:
3154:
3137:
3120:
3103:
3091:
3041:
2930:
2843:
2764:
2686:
2650:
2638:
2621:
1975:Rudrama was married to Virabhadra, an
1367:As a Rashtrakuta vassal, Betiya's son
5667:
5484:
5413:
5386:
5337:
5332:
4597:Classical Telugu Poetry: An Anthology
4579:History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh
4369:
4345:
4333:
4309:
4198:
4174:
4162:
4150:
4096:
4041:
4013:
3913:
3901:
3837:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
3819:
3807:
3795:
3778:
3045:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2711:
2161:affinity between those who spoke the
1889:that had prevailed until that point.
1097:Genealogical list of early Kakatiyas
872:stone inscription from Kakatiya king
165:
155:
142:
138:
120:
7:
7531:12th-century establishments in India
4522:, Southern Illinois University Press
2095:-like machines. Prataparudra had to
1239:inscription of the Kakatiya general
6591:List of cities in Telangana by area
2882:
3696:Eaton, Richard M. (25 July 2019).
2991:For a map of their territory see:
2369:alias Garuda Beta (r. c. 996-1051)
2308:early Kakatiya chiefs were Jains.
25:
7459:List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh
4566:Rao, S. Nagabhushan, ed. (1993).
2360:alias Pindi-Gunda (r. c. 955-995)
1912:from within. A moat and numerous
7470:
6658:
5962:
5780:References and sources for table
4870:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
4599:, University of California Press
4590:, University of California Press
3839:. Primus Books. pp. 56–58.
3672:A Historical Atlas of South Asia
3669:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
3062:Singh, B. Satyanarayana (1999).
2996:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2993:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2859:A Historical Atlas of South Asia
2856:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
2706:, appeared as a synonym for the
1439:
1432:
1042:Relationship to the Rashtrakutas
345:
296:
282:
268:
254:
240:
215:
201:
29:12th–14th century Indian dynasty
4751:Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001),
4731:Suryanarayana, Kolluru (1986),
2716:States Reorganisation Act, 1956
1263:clan (associated with Vishnu's
6606:List of districts in Telangana
4878:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
4481:, Cambridge University Press,
4437:Chattopadhyaya, B. D. (1998),
4395:, Cambridge University Press,
4028:Gujarat State Gazetteer:Part 1
1289:symbol used by the Chalukyas.
1:
7526:Empires and kingdoms of India
4771:Ventakaramanayya, N. (1942),
3961:Islamic Culture:Volumes 55-56
1860:invasion of the subcontinent.
1403:
1394:
1225:
149:
6935:Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema
5909:, Cambridge University Press
5877:, Cambridge University Press
5607:Decline of Buddhism in India
5044:Northern Black Polished Ware
4823:The Journal of Asian Studies
4817:Talbot, Cynthia (May 1991).
4617:, Cambridge University Press
1158:Betiya (married Vandyanamba)
644:to Delhi. Another attack by
6995:Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore
5875:An Introduction to Hinduism
4757:, Oxford University Press,
4538:(4th ed.), Routledge,
3975:Kulke & Rothermund 2004
2334:Gunda II (r. c. ?-865)
755:Prataparudra-Yashobhushanam
562:that ruled most of eastern
7547:
6135:Asaf Jahi dynasty (Nizams)
5898:Hinduism. Past and present
5768:Chera Perumals of Makkotai
5726:Chera Perumals of Makkotai
5118:Rise of Shramana movements
4625:(1978). N. Ramesan (ed.).
4561:, Guntur: P. G. Publishers
4475:Eaton, Richard M. (2005),
3702:. Penguin UK. p. 38.
3025:T. V., Mahalingam (1957).
2196:
2152:rivers that feed into the
2012:British East India Company
1204:was born in the family of
1105:Bayyaram tank inscription
1102:Mangallu grant inscription
945:Velugotivari-vamsacharitra
7467:
6676:
5979:
5905:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010),
5777:
5674:
5653:Pandyan kingdom (revival)
5638:
5617:
5592:
5564:
5524:
5519:
5460:
5346:
5281:
5239:
5218:
5202:
5191:
5184:
5167:
5151:
5137:
5108:
5101:
5047:
5029:
5026:Painted Grey Ware culture
5011:
5003:
4987:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4942:
4937:
4928:
4628:The Kākatiyas of Warangal
4613:Rubiés, Joan-Pau (2000),
4608:, Oxford University Press
4552:Prasad, G. Durga (1988),
3947:. Andhra Pradesh (India).
1077:) and Eriya-Rashtrakuta (
180:
176:
139:
48:
43:
6341:Cyberabad-Hyderabad West
5873:Flood, Gavin D. (1996),
5462:"Golden Age of Hinduism"
5427:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
5343:Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
5104:Persian-Greek influences
4922:Middle kingdoms of India
4860:Talbot, Cynthia (2018).
4674:, Abhinav Publications,
4623:Sastry, P. V. Parabhrama
2633:Kakatiya coins bore the
1285:, they also adopted the
1192:(feudatory chiefs). The
7378:Western Chalukya Empire
6188:Jayashankar Bhupalpally
5896:Michaels, Axel (2004),
5594:Late-Classical Hinduism
4694:Studies in Indian Coins
4259:Asher & Talbot 2006
4070:Satish Chandra (2004).
3993:. KK Nair. p. 63.
3941:M. v Rajagopal (1976).
3929:Asher & Talbot 2006
3835:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
2944:Dr. Mamidi, Harikrishna
2745:Western Chalukya Empire
1916:were also constructed.
1200:states that his father
1168:Pindi-Gunda (Gunda IV)
905:Panditaradhya-charitamu
574:, and parts of eastern
223:Western Chalukya Empire
145:• Earliest rulers
6507:Municipal corporations
6158:Komaram Bheem Asifabad
4980:Middle Gangetic Plain
4876:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4775:, University of Madras
4441:, New Delhi: Manohar,
4274:Rao & Shulman 2012
4139:Rao & Shulman 2002
4127:Rao & Shulman 2012
3237:, pp. 11, 17, 19.
3191:Siba Pada Sen (1978).
2578:Kakatiya Kala Thoranam
2554:says, he released the
2535:Prataparudra Caritramu
2527:
2468:
2465:Kakatiya Kala Thoranam
2232:
2203:Thousand Pillar Temple
2112:forced into submission
2031:
2004:Prataparudra Caritramu
1941:
1312:Early feudatory chiefs
1184:Rashtrakuta-kutumbinah
1177:Rashtrakuta-kutumbinah
1051:
941:Velugotivari-vamsavali
846:
676:Thousand Pillar Temple
168:• Disestablished
7418:Sultanate of Golconda
7398:Eastern Ganga dynasty
7358:Vishnukundina dynasty
6905:Alluri Sitharama Raju
5509:Western Ganga Dynasty
5376: 1st century BCE
5364:Early Pandyan kingdom
5329: 2nd century BCE
5289:(ca. 200 BC - 300 CE)
5283:Preclassical Hinduism
5264:Early Pandyan kingdom
5236: 3rd century BCE
5181: 4th century BCE
5148: 5th century BCE
5058: 6th century BCE
4983:Lower Gangetic Plain
4971:Upper Gangetic Plain
2980:Ventakaramanayya 1942
2753:Ventakaramanayya 1942
2552:Prataparudra Caritamu
2462:
2331:Gunda I (r. c. 815-?)
2222:
2199:Kakatiya architecture
2052:Battle of Upparapalli
2025:
2014:in the 18th century.
1935:
1196:Darga inscription of
1049:
961:Kumara-Ramana-charita
917:Niti-sastra-muktavali
840:
819:Siddheshvara-Charitra
736:Kakatiya-Prataparudra
632:, the emperor of the
500:Sultanate of Golconda
81:Common languages
7521:History of Telangana
7315:Wildlife sanctuaries
6985:Parvathipuram Manyam
6827:Rose-ringed parakeet
6163:Bhadradri Kothagudem
5859:Michaels (2004) p.41
5850:Michaels (2004) p.40
5832:Michaels (2004) p.39
5814:Michaels (2004) p.39
5751:Kamboja-Pala dynasty
5383: 1st century CE
4737:, B. R. Publishing,
4518:Kalia, Ravi (1994),
4031:. 1989. p. 164.
3752:, pp. 119, 124.
3384:, pp. 2, 39–40.
2819:darkness. The evil (
2797:Chattopadhyaya (1998
2480:. As early as 1330,
2044:Nusrat Khan Jalesari
1853:class=notpageimage|
1283:Chalukyas of Kalyani
1090:Dharma-kirti-samudra
937:Palnativira-charitra
929:Siddhesvara-charitra
712:Dineshchandra Sircar
387:History and Kingdoms
7423:Vijayanagara Empire
7353:Salankayana dynasty
6787:Maa Telugu Thalliki
5710:Rashtrakuta dynasty
5162:Shaishunaga dynasty
5112:Second Urbanisation
4957:Indo-Gangetic Plain
4532:Rothermund, Dietmar
4393:India before Europe
4324:, pp. 192–193.
4300:, pp. 177–182.
3987:K. K. Nair (2013).
3050:Chattopadhyaya 1998
2946:(19 October 2023).
2502:Vijayanagara empire
2290:Siddhesvara-charita
2104:Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
2087:Gujarati generals,
1352:'s invasion of the
1243:, and Vidyanatha's
1128:Gundiya Rashtrakuta
1098:
1025:. For example, the
884:in Andhra Pradesh.
706:Etymology and names
480:Vijayanagara Empire
292:Vijayanagara Empire
158:• Established
7511:Dynasties of India
7383:Rashtrakuta Empire
7338:Satavahana dynasty
6851:Banginapalli Mango
6575:Meerpet–Jillelguda
6233:Medchal-Malkajgiri
5841:Hiltebeitel (2002)
5823:Hiltebeitel (2002)
5521:Hephthalite Empire
5357:(300 BCE – 200 CE)
5348:Satavahana dynasty
5334:Indo-Greek Kingdom
5257:(300 BCE – 200 CE)
5248:Satavahana dynasty
5221:Spread of Buddhism
4943:Northwestern India
4866:. In Fleet, Kate;
4863:"Kākatīya dynasty"
4536:A History of India
3990:By Sweat and Sword
3887:Suryanarayana 1986
3877:, pp. 50, 73.
3253:The Times of India
3048:, pp. 26–27;
2958:on 19 October 2023
2704:language of Andhra
2596:Sanskrit: काकतीय;
2494:Bahamani Sultanate
2469:
2233:
2032:
1942:
1348:, who died during
1096:
1052:
847:
784:goddess (possibly
558:: Kākatīya) was a
351:Chronology of the
7483:
7482:
7373:Eastern Chalukyas
6624:
6623:
6331:Hyderabad central
6110:Western Chalukyas
5928:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5760:Eastern Chalukyas
5756:Kalyani Chalukyas
5714:Eastern Chalukyas
5703:Gurjara-Pratihara
5696: 9th century
5681:Eastern Chalukyas
5664: 8th century
5649:Eastern Chalukyas
5635:Mlechchha dynasty
5614: 7th century
5596:(ca. CE 650-1100)
5543: 6th century
5516: 5th century
5476: 4th century
5422: 3rd century
5410: 2nd century
5320:Mahayana Buddhism
5287:"Hindu Synthesis"
5154:Persian conquests
5039:Shramanic culture
4975:Ganga-Yamuna doab
4764:978-0-19803-123-9
4744:978-8-17018-330-3
4704:978-8-12082-973-2
4681:978-8-17017-096-9
4657:978-81-7007-121-1
4545:978-0-41532-920-0
4511:978-0-52154-329-3
4488:978-0-52125-484-7
4402:978-0-52180-904-7
4372:, pp. 28–29.
4348:, pp. 27–28.
4336:, pp. 26–27.
4249:, pp. 30–36.
4213:, pp. 50–52.
4201:, pp. 15–16.
4187:Subrahmanyam 1998
4165:, pp. 14–15.
4099:, pp. 20–21.
4044:, pp. 18–19.
4016:, pp. 17–18.
3846:978-9-38060-734-4
3709:978-0-14-196655-7
3624:, pp. 48–49.
3576:, pp. 39–42.
3552:, pp. 37–39.
3516:, p. 19, 25.
3489:, pp. 20–21.
3447:, pp. 18–19.
3423:, pp. 17–18.
3356:, pp. 27–29.
3293:, pp. 12–13.
3181:, p. 22, 37.
3157:, pp. 22–23.
3123:, pp. 24–25.
3075:978-81-86050-34-7
2907:978-0-19-803123-9
2599:
2448:Prataparudra-deva
2375:(r. c. 1052-1076)
2340:(died before 900)
2288:. A story in the
2064:siege of Orugallu
2026:A replica of the
1977:Eastern Chalukyan
1715:
1700:
1415:Kalyani Chalukyas
1377:Kalyani Chalukyas
1172:
1171:
1165:Kakartya Gundyana
1150:Eriya Rashtrakuta
933:Somadeva-rajiyamu
882:Prakasam district
599:Western Chalukyas
548:
547:
495:Bahmani Sultanate
435:Eastern Chalukyas
378:Political history
320:
319:
308:
307:
304:
303:
278:Bahmani Sultanate
228:
227:
209:Eastern Chalukyas
16:(Redirected from
7538:
7506:Kakatiya dynasty
7477:India portal
7475:
7474:
7473:
7408:Musunuri Nayakas
7388:Kakatiya dynasty
7363:Chalukya dynasty
6663:
6662:
6661:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6628:
6570:Bandlaguda Jagir
6323:Commissionerates
6273:Rajanna Sircilla
6193:Jogulamba Gadwal
6120:Musunuri Nayakas
5967:
5966:
5965:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5932:
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5901:
5892:
5883:Hiltebeitel, Alf
5878:
5860:
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5842:
5839:
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5794:
5645:Badami Chalukyas
5640:Adivasi (tribes)
5630:Empire of Harsha
5626:Vakataka dynasty
5579:Kalabhra dynasty
5575:Badami Chalukyas
5566:Adivasi (tribes)
5535:Kalabhra dynasty
5501:Kalabhra dynasty
5497:Andhra Ikshvakus
5464:(ca. CE 320-650)
5448:Adivasi (tribes)
5316:Smarta Tradition
5169:Adivasi (tribes)
5084:Adivasi (tribes)
4940:cultural period
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4609:
4600:
4591:
4582:
4577:Rao, P. (1994),
4573:
4562:
4560:
4548:
4534:, eds. (2004) ,
4523:
4514:
4491:
4471:
4463:(1/4): 268–276,
4451:
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3270:
3269:, pp. 8–12.
3264:
3258:
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3256:. 2 August 2021.
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3053:
3052:, pp. 57–59
3039:
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3032:
3022:
3011:
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2983:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2954:. Archived from
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2675:Chakravarti 1991
2664:
2658:
2648:
2642:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2597:
2594:
2467:(Warangal Gate).
2403:Sovereign rulers
2320:Feudatory chiefs
2175:Hindu monarchies
2123:Characterization
2097:submit once more
2048:Fakhruddin Jauna
1887:Kannada language
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1396:
1228:section below).
1099:
921:Nrutya-ratnavali
748:Venkata-Kakatiya
650:Musunuri Nayakas
552:Kakatiya dynasty
540:
533:
526:
475:Pemmasani Nayaks
460:Kakatiya dynasty
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7403:Gajapati Empire
7393:Velanati Chodas
7368:Pallava dynasty
7343:Andhra Ikshvaku
7324:
7271:
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6835:Great Snakehead
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5399:Kuninda Kingdom
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4872:Rowson, Everett
4859:
4836:10.2307/2057210
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4811:Further reading
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3616:
3608:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3536:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3225:, pp. 3–6.
3221:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3144:
3136:
3127:
3119:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3044:, p. 178;
3040:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3014:
3007:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2982:, pp. 1–2.
2978:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2952:Telangana Today
2942:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2918:
2908:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2795:
2791:
2763:
2759:
2726:
2722:
2708:Telugu language
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2665:
2661:
2649:
2645:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2569:
2498:Sangama dynasty
2490:Delhi Sultanate
2482:Musunuri Nayaks
2457:
2405:
2322:
2314:
2282:
2246:
2217:
2197:Main articles:
2195:
2183:Ganjam district
2163:Telugu language
2130:
2125:
2040:Alauddin Khalji
2036:Delhi Sultanate
2020:
2000:Prataparudra II
1996:
1994:Prataparudra II
1988:Alauddin Khalji
1930:
1898:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1331:Dasharatha-Rama
1314:
1113:Durjaya family
1110:Kakatiya family
1044:
1023:Imperial Cholas
981:
976:
965:Kampili kingdom
925:Pratapa-charita
901:Krida-bhiramamu
897:Prataparudriyam
835:
770:Krida-bhiramamu
708:
665:Telugu language
658:Delhi Sultanate
634:Delhi Sultanate
630:Alauddin Khalji
582:, and southern
544:
515:
514:
505:Hyderabad State
490:Gajapati Empire
470:Recherla Nayaks
465:Musunuri Nayaks
455:Velanati Chodas
430:Pallava dynasty
410:Andhra Ikshvaku
395:
382:
364:
297:
283:
269:
264:Delhi Sultanate
255:
241:
216:
202:
172:9 November 1323
169:
159:
146:
91:
87:
56:
39:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7544:
7542:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7488:
7487:
7481:
7480:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7435:
7433:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7348:Ananda Gotrika
7345:
7340:
7334:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7300:National parks
7297:
7292:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7256:
7250:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7201:Tadepalligudem
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7086:Chilakaluripet
7083:
7078:
7073:
7067:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7044:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7005:Sri Sathya Sai
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6882:Coastal Andhra
6879:
6873:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6853:
6848:
6845:
6840:
6837:
6832:
6829:
6824:
6821:
6816:
6813:
6808:
6805:
6800:
6797:
6792:
6789:
6784:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6694:
6692:
6686:
6685:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6670:Andhra Pradesh
6656:
6654:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6631:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6511:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6487:National Parks
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6453:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6385:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6327:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6095:Vishnukundinas
6092:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5935:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5902:
5893:
5879:
5869:
5862:
5861:
5852:
5843:
5834:
5825:
5816:
5807:
5798:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5753:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5707:
5705:
5700:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5623:
5621:
5619:Indo-Sassanids
5616:
5610:
5609:
5591:
5583:
5582:
5568:
5563:
5561:
5556:
5554:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5494:
5492:Varman dynasty
5483:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5459:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5393:Indo-Parthians
5389:Indo-Scythians
5385:
5379:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5345:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5280:
5272:
5271:
5245:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5224:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5205:HISTORICAL AGE
5200:
5199:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5164:
5159:
5157:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5107:
5100:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5046:
5028:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4993:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4968:
4967:
4965:Southern India
4962:
4961:Central India
4959:
4954:
4941:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4868:Krämer, Gudrun
4857:
4829:(2): 308–340.
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4792:
4777:
4768:
4763:
4748:
4743:
4728:
4708:
4703:
4685:
4680:
4662:
4656:
4641:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4563:
4549:
4544:
4528:Kulke, Hermann
4524:
4515:
4510:
4496:Jackson, Peter
4492:
4487:
4472:
4452:
4448:978-8173042522
4447:
4434:
4417:(3): 159–182,
4406:
4401:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4362:
4360:, p. 175.
4350:
4338:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4288:, p. 177.
4278:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4227:
4225:, p. 174.
4215:
4203:
4191:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4143:
4131:
4116:
4114:, p. 176.
4101:
4089:
4082:
4062:
4046:
4034:
4018:
4006:
3999:
3979:
3967:
3950:
3933:
3918:
3906:
3891:
3889:, p. 163.
3879:
3867:
3852:
3845:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3783:
3766:
3764:, p. 184.
3754:
3742:
3740:, p. 130.
3727:
3715:
3708:
3688:
3681:
3661:
3649:
3626:
3614:
3612:, p. 578.
3602:
3590:
3588:, p. 199.
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3491:
3479:
3464:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3386:
3374:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3322:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3271:
3259:
3239:
3227:
3215:
3203:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3142:
3140:, p. 197.
3125:
3108:
3106:, p. 196.
3096:
3094:, p. 241.
3081:
3074:
3054:
3034:
3031:. p. 150.
3028:Seuna-Kakatiya
3012:
3005:
2984:
2969:
2935:
2916:
2906:
2887:
2875:
2868:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2789:
2757:
2720:
2691:
2679:
2659:
2643:
2626:
2614:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2573:Ramappa Temple
2568:
2565:
2509:princely state
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2310:
2281:
2278:
2250:Vedic Hinduism
2245:
2242:
2225:Ramappa Temple
2207:Ramappa Temple
2194:
2191:
2138:Coastal Andhra
2134:Deccan Plateau
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2080:Pandyan empire
2054:. In 1309 the
2046:of Delhi, and
2019:
2016:
1995:
1992:
1960:A fragmentary
1929:
1926:
1897:
1894:
1875:Velanati Choda
1851:
1850:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1743:
1734:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1706:
1691:
1680:
1667:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1585:
1574:
1561:
1550:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:Prataparudra I
1424:
1422:
1419:
1354:Vengi Chalukya
1313:
1310:
1294:Karikala Chola
1245:Prataparudriya
1241:Recharla Rudra
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1067:Vengi Chalukya
1043:
1040:
1033:kings such as
980:
977:
975:
972:
909:Sivayogasaramu
843:Andhra Pradesh
834:
831:
798:Karikala Chola
759:Prataparudriya
707:
704:
684:Ramappa Temple
572:Andhra Pradesh
560:Telugu dynasty
546:
545:
543:
542:
535:
528:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
425:Vishnukundinas
422:
417:
415:Ananda Gotrika
412:
407:
402:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
384:
383:
381:
380:
375:
369:
366:
365:
357:Andhra Pradesh
350:
342:
341:
335:Andhra Pradesh
331:
330:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
294:
288:
287:
280:
274:
273:
266:
260:
259:
252:
246:
245:
238:
229:
226:
225:
220:
212:
211:
206:
194:
193:
188:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7543:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7516:Telugu people
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7478:
7466:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7432:Related lists
7430:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7305:Hindu temples
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7231:Visakhapatnam
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7146:Machilipatnam
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7054:
7053:Visakhapatnam
7051:
7049:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7025:West Godavari
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7015:Visakhapatnam
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6940:East Godavari
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6652:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6638:
6633:
6632:
6629:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6584:Related lists
6582:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6313:Y.Bhuvanagiri
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5956:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5908:
5903:
5899:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5856:
5853:
5847:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5820:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5802:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5672:
5670:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5571:Vishnukundina
5569:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5531:Vishnukundina
5529:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5432:Kushan Empire
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:Kushan Empire
5411:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5353:Sangam period
5349:
5344:
5340:
5339:Shunga Empire
5335:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5312:Brahma Sutras
5309:
5308:Bhagavad Gita
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5253:Sangam period
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5242:Maurya Empire
5237:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5113:
5106:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5009:
5008:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4916:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4793:9788170691259
4789:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4719:(3): 75–104,
4718:
4714:
4709:
4706:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4689:Sircar, D. C.
4686:
4683:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4666:Sircar, D. C.
4663:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4564:
4557:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4453:
4450:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4371:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4315:
4312:, p. 22.
4311:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4276:, p. 16.
4275:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4261:, p. 43.
4260:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4237:, p. 24.
4236:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4180:
4177:, p. 12.
4176:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4156:
4153:, p. 14.
4152:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4132:
4129:, p. 17.
4128:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4083:9788124110645
4079:
4075:
4074:
4066:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4007:
4002:
4000:9788173049736
3996:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3937:
3934:
3931:, p. 40.
3930:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3904:, p. 16.
3903:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3865:, p. 73.
3864:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3822:, p. 21.
3821:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3801:
3798:, p. 17.
3797:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:, p. 13.
3780:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3647:, p. 36.
3646:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3600:, p. 46.
3599:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3564:, p. 39.
3563:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3540:, p. 37.
3539:
3534:
3531:
3528:, p. 45.
3527:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3504:, p. 21.
3503:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3477:, p. 20.
3476:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3462:, p. 19.
3461:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3435:, p. 17.
3434:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3411:, p. 30.
3410:
3405:
3402:
3399:, p. 16.
3398:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3344:, p. 27.
3343:
3338:
3335:
3332:, p. 29.
3331:
3326:
3323:
3320:, p. 51.
3319:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3305:, p. 53.
3304:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3284:
3281:, p. 12.
3280:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3216:
3213:, p. 23.
3212:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3169:, p. 22.
3168:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2933:, p. 25.
2932:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2885:, p. 22.
2884:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2849:
2846:, p. 26.
2845:
2840:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:: కాకతీయులు;
2607:
2603:
2593:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2561:Paadmanayakas
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2463:Ruins of the
2461:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:Ganapati-deva
2424:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2226:
2223:13th century
2221:
2216:
2212:
2211:Warangal Fort
2208:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2154:Bay of Bengal
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2117:Narmada River
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1858:Ghurid Empire
1854:
1846:
1844:
1832:
1830:
1817:
1815:
1802:
1800:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1774:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1718:
1717:
1703:
1701:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1498:
1496:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1456:
1454:
1442:
1435:
1425:
1421:As sovereigns
1420:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1320:, legendary
1319:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:Telugu Chodas
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1031:solar dynasty
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
978:
973:
971:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
876:was found in
875:
871:
867:
866:P.V.P. Sastry
862:
858:
857:Mughal Empire
853:
844:
839:
832:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
799:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
692:Golconda Fort
689:
688:Warangal Fort
686:in Palampet,
685:
681:
677:
672:
671:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:Ganapati Deva
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
541:
536:
534:
529:
527:
522:
521:
519:
518:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
485:Reddy dynasty
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Chola dynasty
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
391:
390:
385:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
368:
367:
362:
358:
354:
353:Telugu people
348:
344:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:
315:
313:Today part of
311:
295:
293:
290:
289:
281:
279:
276:
275:
267:
265:
262:
261:
253:
251:
248:
247:
239:
237:
236:Reddi Kingdom
234:
233:
230:
224:
221:
214:
213:
210:
207:
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
179:
175:
171:
161:
148:
134:
130:
126:
124:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
52:
47:
42:
35:
32:
27:
19:
7387:
7236:Vizianagaram
7161:Narasaraopet
7020:Vizianagaram
6877:North Andhra
6723:Demographics
6679:
6616:India Portal
6555:Jawaharnagar
6550:Peerzadiguda
6434:Secunderabad
6381:Major cities
6243:Nagarkurnool
6218:Mahabubnagar
6114:
6052:Language day
6017:Demographics
6002:Architecture
5985:
5906:
5897:
5887:
5874:
5865:
5864:
5855:
5846:
5837:
5828:
5819:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5784:
5783:
5747:Pala dynasty
5733:10th century
5732:
5695:
5663:
5613:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5542:
5515:
5487:Gupta Empire
5485:
5475:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5421:
5409:
5387:
5382:
5375:
5360:Early Cholas
5351:
5328:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5260:Early Cholas
5251:
5240:
5235:
5226:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5203:
5194:Nanda empire
5192:
5180:
5147:
5138:
5109:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5057:
5048:
5033:Vedic Period
5030:
5015:Vedic Period
5012:
5007:Vedic Period
5004:
4998:
4997:
4988:
4951:Sapta Sindhu
4938:Timeline and
4875:
4826:
4822:
4782:
4772:
4753:
4733:
4716:
4712:
4693:
4670:
4646:
4627:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4568:
4554:
4535:
4519:
4500:
4477:
4460:
4456:
4438:
4414:
4410:
4392:
4380:Bibliography
4365:
4353:
4341:
4329:
4317:
4305:
4293:
4281:
4254:
4242:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4170:
4158:
4146:
4141:, p. 4.
4134:
4092:
4072:
4065:
4055:
4049:
4037:
4027:
4021:
4009:
3989:
3982:
3970:
3960:
3953:
3943:
3936:
3909:
3882:
3870:
3836:
3815:
3803:
3757:
3745:
3725:, p. 2.
3718:
3698:
3691:
3671:
3664:
3659:, p. 6.
3652:
3617:
3610:Yazdani 1960
3605:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3545:
3533:
3521:
3509:
3482:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3377:
3368:Arch. Series
3367:
3361:
3349:
3337:
3325:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3262:
3251:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3099:
3064:
3057:
3037:
3027:
2995:
2987:
2960:. Retrieved
2956:the original
2951:
2938:
2911:
2896:
2890:
2878:
2858:
2851:
2839:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2765:Talbot (2001
2760:
2755:, p. 1)
2749:Chola Empire
2723:
2703:
2700:andhra bhasa
2699:
2694:
2687:Sharma (1957
2682:
2671:Masulipatnam
2662:
2651:Talbot (2001
2646:
2641:, p. 9)
2629:
2622:Sharma (1957
2617:
2601:
2592:
2560:
2556:Padmanayakas
2555:
2551:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2506:
2470:
2437:Rudrama-devi
2363:
2354:
2343:
2325:
2315:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2254:caste system
2247:
2238:
2234:
2193:Architecture
2185:in southern
2168:
2144:between the
2131:
2101:
2089:Khusrau Khan
2077:
2033:
2003:
1997:
1974:
1959:
1955:curtain wall
1949:
1945:Rudrama Devi
1943:
1938:Rudrama Devi
1928:Rudrama Devi
1918:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1871:
1864:
1840:
1826:
1811:
1798:
1785:
1770:
1758:
1747:
1726:
1709:
1695:
1684:
1671:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1554:
1541:
1530:
1519:
1507:
1492:
1478:
1463:
1450:
1412:
1389:
1385:Someshvara I
1366:
1339:
1315:
1291:
1274:of the Jain
1248:
1244:
1230:
1217:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1121:
1089:
1083:
1064:
1053:
1012:
999:
989:
982:
969:
960:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
886:
874:Prataparudra
848:
818:
815:Chhattisgarh
790:
769:
767:
758:
754:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
709:
668:
662:
627:
615:Rudrama Devi
595:Rashtrakutas
592:
551:
549:
459:
420:Salankayanas
191:Succeeded by
190:
185:
31:
26:
7191:Rajahmundry
7151:Madanapalle
7096:Dharmavaram
6887:Rayalaseema
6492:Sanctuaries
6419:Mahbubnagar
6278:Ranga Reddy
6253:Narayanapet
6213:Mahabubabad
6105:Rastrakutas
6090:Satavahanas
5891:, Routledge
5772:Rashtrakuta
5676:Pala Empire
5669:Kabul Shahi
5552:Kabul Shahi
5526:Alchon Huns
5304:Mahabharata
5227:Pre-history
5140:Pre-history
5050:Pre-history
4358:Talbot 2001
4322:Talbot 2001
4298:Talbot 2001
4286:Talbot 2001
4247:Sastry 1978
4235:Sastry 1978
4223:Talbot 2001
4211:Talbot 2001
4112:Talbot 2001
3875:Rubiés 2000
3863:Rubiés 2000
3762:Talbot 2001
3750:Prasad 1988
3738:Sircar 1979
3723:Sastry 1978
3657:Sastry 1978
3645:Sastry 1978
3622:Sastry 1978
3598:Sastry 1978
3586:Sharma 1957
3574:Sastry 1978
3562:Sastry 1978
3550:Sastry 1978
3538:Sastry 1978
3526:Sastry 1978
3514:Sastry 1978
3502:Sastry 1978
3487:Sastry 1978
3475:Sastry 1978
3460:Sastry 1978
3445:Sastry 1978
3433:Sastry 1978
3421:Sastry 1978
3409:Sastry 1978
3397:Sastry 1978
3382:Sastry 1978
3354:Sastry 1978
3342:Sastry 1978
3330:Sastry 1978
3318:Talbot 2001
3303:Talbot 2001
3291:Sastry 1978
3279:Sastry 1978
3267:Sastry 1978
3235:Talbot 2001
3223:Sastry 1978
3211:Sastry 1978
3179:Sastry 1978
3167:Sastry 1978
3155:Sastry 1978
3138:Sharma 1957
3121:Sastry 1978
3104:Sharma 1957
3092:Sircar 2008
3042:Talbot 2001
2931:Sastry 1978
2844:Talbot 2001
2729:South India
2639:Prasad 1988
2635:Nandinagari
2539:Padmanayaka
2517:British Raj
2515:during the
2171:South India
2060:Malik Kafur
1922:Pakhal Lake
1714:(RATNAPURA)
1652:GAHADAVALAS
1479:QARA KHITAI
1327:Parashurama
1279:Shantinatha
1276:tirthankara
1060:Rashtrakuta
855:the Muslim
827:Maharashtra
774:Shitap Khan
744:Venkataraya
578:, northern
510:British Raj
405:Satavahanas
186:Preceded by
7490:Categories
7320:Waterfalls
7226:Vijayawada
7196:Srikakulam
7081:Bhimavaram
7048:Vijayawada
7040:Metropolis
7000:Srikakulam
6910:Anakapalli
6708:Government
6535:Ramagundam
6520:Karimnagar
6497:Waterfalls
6414:Ramagundam
6409:Karimnagar
6361:Ramagundam
6346:Karimnagar
6303:Wanaparthy
6283:Sangareddy
6268:Peddapalli
6223:Mancherial
6203:Karimnagar
6168:Hanamkonda
6130:Qutb Shahi
6037:Government
5785:References
5738:Ghaznavids
5548:Nezak Huns
4581:, Sterling
4370:Eaton 2005
4346:Eaton 2005
4334:Eaton 2005
4310:Eaton 2005
4199:Eaton 2005
4175:Eaton 2005
4163:Eaton 2005
4151:Eaton 2005
4097:Eaton 2005
4042:Eaton 2005
4014:Eaton 2005
3914:Eaton 2005
3902:Eaton 2005
3820:Kalia 1994
3808:Desai 1962
3796:Eaton 2005
3779:Eaton 2005
3682:0226742210
3046:Eaton 2005
3006:0226742210
2962:30 October
2869:0226742210
2831:References
2809:Bhagiratha
2773:kshatriyas
2712:Eaton 2005
2702:, meaning
2667:Marco Polo
2655:Hanamkonda
2525:Kakatiyas.
2215:Kota Gullu
2108:Jauna Khan
2073:Koh-i-Noor
2028:Koh-i-Noor
2008:sultanates
1981:Nidadavolu
1979:prince of
1951:Marco Polo
1936:Statue of
1711:KALACHURIS
1696:KALACHURIS
1672:KACHCHAPA-
1544:GHAZNAVIDS
1531:CHAHAMANAS
1520:CHAULUKYAS
1464:KARAKHANID
1451:South Asia
1408:Vemulavada
1350:Krishna II
1218:Voddi-kula
1145:Gunda III
802:Sangam age
696:Kota Gullu
680:Hanamkonda
646:Ulugh Khan
619:Marco Polo
580:Tamil Nadu
445:Kota Vamsa
114:Government
72:Orugallu (
7246:Transport
7206:Tadipatri
7186:Proddatur
7181:Palakollu
7076:Anantapur
6920:Annamayya
6915:Anantapur
6897:Districts
6819:Blackbuck
6803:Kuchipudi
6768:Transport
6743:Education
6703:Geography
6681:Amaravati
6678:Capital:
6565:Badangpet
6530:Nizamabad
6515:Hyderabad
6399:Nizamabad
6389:Hyderabad
6356:Nizamabad
6298:Vikarabad
6263:Nizamabad
6198:Kamareddy
6173:Hyderabad
6145:Districts
6115:Kakatiyas
6100:Chalukyas
6083:Dynasties
6032:Geography
6027:Education
5987:Hyderabad
5973:Telangana
5689:Kalachuri
5481:Kidarites
4884:1873-9830
4853:161557646
4691:(2008) ,
4637:252341228
2781:kshatriya
2698:The term
2598:romanised
2584:Footnotes
2488:from the
2385:Durgaraja
2338:Gunda III
2312:Genealogy
2305:Kalamukha
2294:Padmakshi
2229:Telangana
2128:Geography
2093:trebuchet
2058:general,
2002:, is the
1883:feudatory
1867:Rudradeva
1843:SULTANATE
1759:KAMARUPAS
1748:NAGVANSIS
1699:(TRIPURI)
1685:CHANDELAS
1579:KAKATIYAS
1568:CHALUKYAS
1555:PARAMARAS
1346:Gunda III
1322:chieftain
1249:Garudamka
1198:Durgaraja
1138:Gunda II
1075:Gunda III
1027:Motupalli
1015:Kshatriya
878:Motupalli
861:Telangana
807:Karnataka
786:Padmavati
778:Turushkas
720:Kakatiyya
656:from the
628:In 1303,
576:Karnataka
568:Telangana
394:Dynasties
373:Geography
361:Telangana
339:Telangana
99:Religion
44:1163–1323
7413:Bahmanis
7310:Churches
7267:Seaports
7262:Roadways
7258:Railways
7254:Airports
7216:Tirupati
7136:Kakinada
7126:Hindupur
7116:Guntakal
7111:Gudivada
7091:Chittoor
7010:Tirupati
6990:Prakasam
6955:Kakinada
6930:Chittoor
6791:Language
6738:Politics
6713:Language
6560:Nizampet
6545:Boduppal
6540:Warangal
6457:Churches
6439:Suryapet
6429:Adilabad
6424:Nalgonda
6394:Warangal
6371:Warangal
6366:Siddipet
6308:Warangal
6293:Suryapet
6288:Siddipet
6248:Nalgonda
6153:Adilabad
6125:Bahmanis
6059:Politics
5885:(2002),
5559:Maitraka
5444:kingdom
5442:Kamarupa
5300:Ramayana
5126:Buddhism
5072:Panchala
5063:Gandhara
5023:culture)
4990:IRON AGE
4874:(eds.).
4802:59001459
4725:20027508
4713:Daedalus
4668:(1979),
4498:(2003),
4469:41853935
2883:Rao 1993
2785:brahmans
2739:and the
2737:Hoysalas
2637:script.(
2612:: ಕಾಕತೀಯ
2602:kākatīya
2567:See also
2496:and the
2486:Warangal
2415:Mahadeva
2391:Prola II
2358:Gunda IV
2301:Shaivism
2280:Religion
2158:Brahmins
2146:Godavari
2056:Gujarati
1966:Mahadeva
1914:bastions
1910:ramparts
1896:Ganapati
1879:Gonka II
1738:KARNATAS
1640:HOYSALAS
1628:KADAMBAS
1369:Gunda IV
1335:Balarama
1302:Kashyapa
1237:Palampet
1226:Religion
1189:samantas
1131:Gunda I
1086:Bayyaram
1071:Gunda IV
1056:Bayyaram
1019:Brahmans
1008:Natavadi
1006:and the
953:Firishta
913:Nitisara
889:Sanskrit
793:Bayyaram
716:Kakatiya
674:are the
654:Warangal
607:Godavari
588:Warangal
327:a series
325:Part of
117:Monarchy
103:Hinduism
89:Sanskrit
74:Warangal
18:Gunda II
7330:History
7277:Tourism
7166:Nellore
7156:Nandyal
7141:Kurnool
6980:Palnadu
6970:Nandyal
6965:Kurnool
6960:Krishna
6925:Bapatla
6869:Regions
6843:Jasmine
6811:Kabaddi
6777:Symbols
6758:Tourism
6748:Cuisine
6733:Economy
6728:Culture
6698:History
6525:Khammam
6477:Mosques
6472:Temples
6449:Tourism
6404:Khammam
6351:Khammam
6208:Khammam
6183:Jangaon
6178:Jagtial
6074:Tourism
6042:History
6022:Economy
6012:Culture
6007:Cuisine
5982:Capital
5866:Sources
5657:Pallava
5588:Culture
5467:Puranas
5456:Culture
5296:Puranas
5277:Culture
5214:Culture
5130:Ājīvika
5122:Jainism
5097:Culture
5077:Magadha
4999:Culture
4845:2057210
4431:3632243
2821:adharma
2817:Turuska
2805:Nabhaga
2741:Pandyas
2733:Yadavas
2610:Kannada
2478:Velamas
2474:Reddies
2379:Beta II
2373:Prola I
2364:Nripati
2355:Nripati
2344:Nripati
2303:by the
2286:Jainism
2244:Society
2179:Kalyani
2150:Krishna
2084:Nellore
2069:tribute
2018:Decline
1962:Kannada
1906:granite
1829:EMIRATE
1771:EASTERN
1662:GUHILAS
1618:PANDYAS
1566:WESTERN
1466:KHANATE
1453:1175 CE
1400:Beta II
1391:Prola I
1318:Durjaya
1268:Krishna
1261:Vrishni
1255:of god
1222:Jainism
1214:Krishna
1210:Vrishni
1206:Samanta
1202:Beta II
1194:Kazipet
985:Durjaya
974:History
957:Kannada
859:in the
845:, India
833:Sources
823:Kandhar
740:Venkata
732:Kakatya
700:Ghanpur
642:tribute
623:Yadavas
611:Krishna
363:history
132:History
107:Jainism
93:Kannada
69:Capital
64:Dynasty
7211:Tenali
7176:Ongole
7171:Nuzvid
7131:Kadapa
7121:Guntur
7101:Kadiri
7063:Cities
6950:Guntur
6839:Flower
6815:Animal
6795:Telugu
6763:Sports
6753:Cinema
6718:People
6690:Topics
6664:
6258:Nirmal
6238:Mulugu
6064:People
5995:Topics
5805:Samuel
5796:Samuel
5603:Tantra
5368:Cheras
5268:Cheras
5174:Assaka
5089:Assaka
5021:Srauta
4947:Punjab
4882:
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2801:Yayati
2735:, the
2606:Telugu
2544:avatar
2513:Bastar
2455:Legacy
2367:Beta I
2351:Betiya
2263:nayaka
2213:, and
2187:Orissa
2140:, the
2038:ruler
1985:sultan
1970:varaha
1877:ruler
1841:MAKRAN
1827:SOOMRA
1799:MARYUL
1773:GANGAS
1674:GHATAS
1609:CHERAS
1600:CHOLAS
1589:SHILA-
1508:KUMAON
1495:EMPIRE
1493:GHURID
1381:Beta I
1373:Kuravi
1358:Kuravi
1342:Telugu
1333:, and
1287:varaha
1272:yaksha
1265:avatar
1257:Vishnu
1253:vahana
1233:Garuda
1120:Venna-
1000:senani
996:Shudra
979:Origin
943:, and
893:Telugu
811:Kanker
728:Kakati
724:Kakita
670:nayaka
584:Odisha
564:Deccan
400:Assaka
359:, and
135:
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85:Telugu
61:Status
7295:Lakes
7290:Forts
7106:Eluru
7071:Adoni
6945:Eluru
6847:Fruit
6807:Sport
6799:Dance
6666:State
6482:Lakes
6467:Forts
6228:Medak
5969:State
5292:Epics
5031:Late
5013:Late
5005:Late
4849:S2CID
4841:JSTOR
4721:JSTOR
4559:(PDF)
4465:JSTOR
4427:JSTOR
2777:varna
2769:varna
2548:Shiva
2409:Rudra
2326:Nripa
2142:delta
1812:LOHA-
1727:SENAS
1591:HARAS
1306:gotra
1153:Erra
1122:nripa
1004:Kotas
992:Varna
959:text
949:Isami
870:Tamil
852:Hindu
763:Durga
638:siege
450:Chagi
316:India
7285:Dams
7221:Tuni
6859:Neem
6855:Tree
6831:Fish
6823:Bird
6783:Song
6462:Dams
6069:List
5134:Yoga
5068:Kuru
4880:ISSN
4798:OCLC
4788:ISBN
4759:ISBN
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4676:ISBN
4652:ISBN
4633:OCLC
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2964:2023
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2807:and
2476:and
2347:Erra
2269:jāti
2148:and
1786:GUGE
1542:LATE
1402:(r.
1393:(r.
1362:Erra
1084:The
1079:Erra
1035:Rama
951:and
891:and
809:and
800:, a
791:The
782:Jain
742:and
730:and
694:and
609:and
597:and
570:and
556:IAST
550:The
337:and
162:1163
123:King
7030:YSR
6975:NTR
6668:of
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