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4, 1775, a spring-gun set by the
British to protect the military stores in the Magazine in Williamsburg, Virginia, wounded two young men who had broken in. The subsequent outrage by the local population proved to be the final act of the Gunpowder Incident, leading Governor Dunmore to flee the city to a British warship and declare the Commonwealth of Virginia in a state of rebellion. On June 8, Dunmore and his family fled the
625:, promising to deliver the money to "the Virginia Delegates at the General congress". On May 6 Dunmore issued a proclamation charging Henry with extortion of the £330, and forbidding the citizenry to assist Henry in any way. Henry was offered protection by several counties, and was escorted by several companies of militia to the Maryland border as he made his way to
568:
544:. The act was discovered by townsfolk while underway, and they sounded an alarm. Local militia rallied to the scene, and riders spread word of the incident across the colony. Dunmore had as a precaution armed his servants with muskets, and it was only the calming words of Patriot leaders, including the Speaker of the
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Unrest however persisted in
Williamsburg and spread throughout the countryside. After a second crowd was convinced to disperse by Patriot leaders, Dunmore reacted angrily, warning on April 22 that if attacked, he would "declare Freedom to the Slaves, and reduce the City of Williamsburg to Ashes." He
649:
The incident burnished Henry's reputation while worsening
Dunmore's popularity. Although his family briefly returned to Williamsburg on May 12 as a sign of good faith, relations between Dunmore and the House of Burgesses continued to deteriorate. During the night of June 3 or early morning of June
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militia, led by
Patrick Henry, voted on May 2 to march on Williamsburg. Henry dispatched a small company to the home of Richard Corbin, who was the Deputy Collector of the Royal Revenue in Virginia, in a bid to force him to pay for the powder from Crown revenue in his possession; the remainder of
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on March 23 that
Dunmore " it prudent to remove some Gunpowder which was in a Magazine in this place." Although British Army troops had been withdrawn from Virginia in the wake of the Powder Alarm, there were several Royal Navy ships in the Virginia waters of
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589:, a longtime leader of the Virginia militia, concurred. In response to their advice, the Fredericksburg militia voted by a narrow margin not to march. However, militia from other parts of the colony did march to Williamsburg. The
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556:. Dunmore demurred, stating that he was moving the powder as protection against its seizure during a rumored slave uprising, and would eventually return it. This seemed to satisfy the assembled crowd, and it dispersed peacefully.
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had flocked to the area in response to false rumors that violence had been involved. One consequence of this action was that the
Congress called for the colonies to organize militia companies for their defense. Another was that
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for £330 signed by a wealthy plantation owner, as payment for the powder (he refused the offer of payment from Crown accounts). Henry then departed to take his place as a member of
Virginia's delegation to the
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On the early morning of April 21, 1775 Royal Navy sailors went to the
Williamsburg powder magazine, loaded fifteen half barrels of powder into the governor's wagon, and transported it to the eastern end of the
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616:, Corbin's son-in-law and a Patriot member of the House of Burgesses, not to enter the city, while Braxton rode into the city and negotiated a payment. The next day, May 4, Henry received a
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the
Hanover County militia, numbering about 150, marched toward Williamsburg, arriving about 15 miles (24 km) away on May 3. That day Dunmore's family escaped Williamsburg to
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led a small militia force toward
Williamsburg to force return of the gunpowder to the colony's control. The matter was resolved without conflict when a payment of
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In early 1775, Virginians began to organize militia companies and seek out military supplies (weapons, ammunition, and gunpowder) to arm and equip them.
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330 was made to Henry. Dunmore, fearing for his personal safety, later retreated to a naval vessel, ending royal control of the colony.
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By April 29, militia mobilizing in the countryside had learned of the battles at Lexington and Concord. Nearly 700 men mustered at
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that he had "once fought for the Virginians" but "By God, I would let them see that I could fight against them."
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Kibler, J. Luther (April 1931). "Numerous Errors in Wilstach's 'Tidewater Virginia' Challenge Criticism".
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Corbin was not at home—he was in Williamsburg, meeting with Dunmore. Henry was advised by
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This action sparked local unrest, and militia companies began mustering throughout the colony.
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to divide the colonies. In the wake of Dunmore's flight, the Burgesses rejected the proposal.
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Dunmore continued to make vigorous attempts to regain control of the colony, but after
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began to be implemented in the colonies. The colonies, in solidarity with the
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and quartered them in the governor's mansion. Dunmore then ordered Captain
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839:(2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 152–156.
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The powder magazine in Williamsburg from which the gunpowder was removed
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Colonial Williamsburg – Magazine (including the Gunpowder Incident)
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Give Me Liberty: the Uncompromising Statesmanship of Patrick Henry
703:. The Gunpowder incident placed in sequence and strategic context.
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in July 1775; Patrick Henry became the independent state's first
574:, portrait by George Bagby Matthews c. 1891 after an original by
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a decisive defeat of British forces at Great Bridge in December
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in the middle of the night and took up residence aboard the
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Old Virginia Gazette article on the Gunpowder Incident
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1820:Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War
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989:The American Revolution in the Southern colonies
1850:18th-century controversies in the United States
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27:1775 conflict of the American Revolutionary War
1048:. Nashville, TN: Cumberland House Publishing.
527:Drawing of the octagonal Williamsburg Magazine
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701:American Revolutionary War §Early Engagements
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1021:. Williamsburg, VA: Colonial Williamsburg.
658:. The Burgesses had been deliberating the
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1015:Selby, John E; Higginbotham, Don (2007).
1603:Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial
662:, a proposal that was an attempt by the
384:. On April 21, 1775, two days after the
123:British sailors remove military supplies
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423:Military tensions began to rise in the
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1018:The Revolution in Virginia, 1775–1783
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1552:1776 Virginia gubernatorial election
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125:Militia uprising peacefully resolved
1825:Virginia in the American Revolution
1650:Patrick Henry International Airport
1514:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention
1129:Virginia in the American Revolution
470:Secretary of State for the Colonies
1506:Give me Liberty, or give me Death!
1213:Give me liberty, or give me death!
1088:Proclamation against Patrick Henry
942:Selby and Higginbotham, pp. 52,121
25:
18:Gunpowder Incident of Williamsburg
1855:Gun politics in the United States
915:Selby and Higginbotham, pp. 41–43
425:British colonies of North America
1764:Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
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489:Give me liberty or give me death
386:Battles of Lexington and Concord
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1234:Formation of Ethiopian Regiment
1224:Formation of Culpeper Minutemen
447:. In early September, General
1835:1775 in the Colony of Virginia
1478:Sons of Liberty (Philadelphia)
1300:Virginia Declaration of Rights
898:Colonial Williamsburg Magazine
364:) was a conflict early in the
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1815:1775 in the Thirteen Colonies
1536:Virginia Ratifying Convention
924:Selby and Higginbotham, p. 44
459:), and militia from all over
433:Province of Massachusetts Bay
1364:Battle of Spencer's Ordinary
992:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
870:Selby and Higginbotham, p. 5
819:Selby and Higginbotham, p. 4
793:Selby and Higginbotham, p. 3
784:Selby and Higginbotham, p. 2
752:Selby and Higginbotham, p. 1
372:, the Royal Governor of the
1787:St. John's Episcopal Church
986:Russell, David Lee (2000).
963:. Princeton, NJ: Auerbach.
955:Richmond, Robert P (1971).
641:Portrait of Dunmore by Sir
623:Second Continental Congress
1871:
1635:Emory and Henry University
1500:Second Virginia Convention
1451:First Continental Congress
1259:Fourth Virginia Convention
1249:Second Virginia Convention
832:William and Mary Quarterly
493:Second Virginia Convention
441:First Continental Congress
366:American Revolutionary War
49:American Revolutionary War
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1645:Patrick Henry High School
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1285:Fifth Virginia Convention
1280:Formation of Lee's Legion
1254:Third Virginia Convention
1186:First Virginia Convention
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560:also told a Williamsburg
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104:37.2707389°N 76.6999944°W
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1746:Sarah Winston Syme Henry
1740:Dorothea Dandridge Henry
1490:(1774, co-wrote, signed)
1379:Battle of the Chesapeake
1339:Skirmish at Waters Creek
1239:Battle of Kemp's Landing
536:to be loaded aboard the
30:Not to be confused with
1494:Continental Association
1044:Vaughan, David (1997).
660:Conciliatory Resolution
109:37.2707389; -76.6999944
1830:Williamsburg, Virginia
1719:(2002 animated series)
1630:Patrick Henry Building
1605:(home and burial site)
1593:Leatherwood Plantation
1441:(1776-1779, 1784-1786)
1369:Battle of Green Spring
1244:Battle of Great Bridge
1229:Dunmore's Proclamation
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519:Removing the gunpowder
455:(in a location now in
398:Williamsburg, Virginia
83:Williamsburg, Virginia
1758:Annie Henry Christian
1640:Patrick Henry College
1359:Raid on Point of Fork
1202:Fincastle Resolutions
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1488:Petition to the King
1439:Governor of Virginia
1344:Battle of Cape Henry
1155:Virginia Association
602:, and from there to
228:Moore's Creek Bridge
1734:Sarah Shelton Henry
1354:Action at Osborne's
1349:Battle of Blandford
1290:Augusta Declaration
675:Committee of Safety
201:Savage's Old Fields
100: /
1776:William Wirt Henry
1625:Camp Patrick Henry
1519:Gunpowder Incident
1275:Burning of Norfolk
1219:Gunpowder Incident
933:Russell, pp. 68–76
903:2005-12-03 at the
719:Russell, pp. 45–46
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1588:Governor's Palace
1483:Virginia Resolves
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1384:Siege of Yorktown
1374:Francisco's Fight
1149:Virginia Resolves
1055:978-1-888952-22-3
1028:978-0-87935-233-2
999:978-0-7864-0783-5
970:978-0-87769-073-3
959:Powder Alarm 1774
761:Williamson, p. 54
652:Governor's Palace
587:George Washington
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1770:William H. Roane
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1782:Rural Plains
1736:(first wife)
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47:Part of the
1711:(1939 film)
1703:(1936 film)
1453:(1774–1775)
835:. 2nd Ser.
596:Porto Bello
542:James River
461:New England
453:Charlestown
449:Thomas Gage
334:Baton Rouge
314:Stono Ferry
304:Brier Creek
107: /
1809:Categories
1778:(grandson)
1772:(grandson)
1692:Depictions
1620:Fort Henry
1583:Scotchtown
1573:Pine Slash
1568:Birthplace
949:References
600:York River
457:Somerville
419:Background
402:Royal Navy
233:Rice Boats
1845:Gunpowder
1754:(brother)
1708:Old Glory
1679:USS
1663:CSS
1613:Namesakes
1598:Salisbury
1545:Elections
1037:124076712
1008:248087936
633:Aftermath
604:HMS
554:the Crown
392:from the
390:gunpowder
319:Fort Bute
294:Van Creek
172:1775–1779
1766:(sister)
1760:(sister)
1748:(mother)
1671:SS
1658:(packet)
1447:Delegate
1064:36372369
901:Archived
689:See also
683:governor
562:alderman
538:Magdalen
512:Magdalen
481:Virginia
394:magazine
368:between
289:Beaufort
78:Location
1727:Related
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380:led by
378:militia
223:Norfolk
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376:, and
120:Result
1561:Homes
1136:Early
849:JSTOR
708:Notes
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606:Fowey
400:to a
1327:1781
1311:1779
1268:1776
1195:1775
1174:1774
1060:OCLC
1050:ISBN
1033:OCLC
1023:ISBN
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994:ISBN
975:OCLC
965:ISBN
510:HMS
487:'s "
356:(or
352:The
283:1779
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181:1775
70:Date
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