379:). This approach was primarily analytical, focusing on the analysis, characterisation, and classification of vegetation independently of habitat factors, which were to be considered subsequently. Du Rietz would later carry on the research traditions of the "Uppsala school". Du Rietz taught high-level material without being difficult to understand, and became popular among botany students. Under his supervision, the plant biology seminar flourished. According to his biographer, the Swedish plant ecologist Hugo Sjörs, Du Rietz was regarded as an inspiring academic teacher. It is reported that his students were inclined to undertake large and challenging projects, often requiring considerable time to complete. Du Rietz valued thorough documentation and comprehensive reporting of research materials. The scope of plant groups and environments studied by the students was diverse, predominantly involving field research. Although Du Rietz insisted on formal accuracy, he reportedly did not often intervene directly with the content of students' dissertations. This approach is said to have fostered a supportive environment that contributed to the development of doctoral students into independent researchers. A few of his students,
549:
640:, he authored numerous summarising works and delivered factual yet engaging lectures, often enhanced with vivid colour photographs. As an inspirational teacher, Du Rietz guided his students through complex field research, fostering a significant degree of independence and shaping them into researchers with broad expertise. His dedication to the field and his students impacted the direction and development of plant geographical studies in Sweden, leaving a legacy in both academic and conservation communities.
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phytosociology and botanical studies in Sweden but also aimed to provide an accessible resource to a global audience, reflecting the international reach and influence of his work. Decades after his death, his botanical collections from riverbanks and lakeshores in northwestern Sweden have been instrumental in expanding the known distributions of several species. Ultimately, his collections were distributed among the
35:
690:
331:, a popular lecturer who pioneered the study of plant ecology at the institution. One of Du Rietz's earliest publication was on the material collected by Sernander in Norway. Du Rietz later continued Sernander's work. From 1917 to 1923, Du Rietz served as an associate assistant professor at the Department of Plant Biology. He then transitioned to the role of
173:–the study of groups of species of plants that are usually found together–and is recognised for his role in advancing this field of science and for mentoring future lichenologists. He led the Swedish Australasian Botanical Expedition of 1926–27, a seven-month research tour of various locations. He was married to
611:
were an integral part of a major revision of that genus published in 1988. He was the first to report on the existence of bipolar lichens (i.e., identical taxa in the polar or subpolar regions of the
Northern and Southern hemispheres) in New Zealand. Bipolar lichens were a particular interest of his,
460:, after five years of engagement. In addition to a son who died at an early age, they had three children: Kerstin, Rolf and Ingrid. They were divorced in 1951 after a few difficult years. He later remarried Margareta Witting (1920–2006) who was one of his former students. She studied the chemistry of
668:
50, 1965), recognising him as the foremost explorer of
Swedish vegetation. The volume, a tribute to Du Rietz's significant scientific contributions, includes 43 articles encompassing a wide spectrum of Swedish vegetation. This compilation served not only as an acknowledgment of Du Rietz's impact on
491:
islands, with visits to a large part of
Australia and Java. The purpose of trip, known as the Swedish Australasian Botanical Expedition, was to compare vegetation across the visited countries. One of Du Rietz's research objectives was to determine whether a detailed study of mountain lichens could
374:
in the early 1960s), and as the director of the institute. He had served temporarily in this latter position since
Sernander's retirement in November 1931. Sernander established the "Uppsala school", known for treating plant communities as tangible entities rather than abstract constructs and for
583:
Although Greta
Sernander Du Rietz was an accomplished lichenologist in her own right, she did not have any formal university training in the subject, having been taught instead by her father, who was Professor of Botany at Uppsala University. In New Zealand, she primarily collated and preserved
343:, and general secretary of the international plant geographical excursion through Scandinavia in 1925. Du Rietz undertook several study trips within and outside Sweden, scientific expeditions to New Zealand and Australia and in his research mainly devoted on plant sociology and
636:' nature conservation committee, he played a key role in surveying and documenting Swedish natural habitats, particularly those threatened by industrial expansion. Despite being more theoretical in his approach to vegetation research and not producing major vegetation
601:, who had sent him lichen samples for identification in 1925. Du Rietz returned with about 3,000 specimens that he was unable to fully process due to his academic commitments in Sweden. Nevertheless, some of his collections were included in
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so his voice could be heard over the wind. Sjörs regarded these events as the fourth pinnacle in Du Rietz's professional career, following his doctoral dissertation, the 1925 field trip, and achieving his professorial qualifications.
224:, the engineer Hjalmar Du Rietz and Charlotta Sofia Mathilda (born Kullman). His younger brother, Carl Du Rietz (1905–1986), pursued a career as a high school teacher. Du Rietz finished grade school in 1912, and became a
418:
in 1950. Einar was then responsible for the plant geography section as well as for its excursions and the many guide books for these that were published. He personally led a series of excursions: from
937:
Du Rietz, G. Einar (1924). "Studien ĂĽber die
Vegetation der Alpen, mit derjenigen Skandinaviens verglichen" [Studies on the vegetation of the Alps, compared with that of Scandinavia].
177:, who was also a lichenologist. During the expedition, Du Rietz and his wife researched the vegetation in New Zealand, Australia, and Java, focusing on mountain lichens and their potential as
1070:———————— (1965). "Biozönosen und Synusien in der Pflanzensoziologie" [Biocoenoses and Synusia in Plant Sociology]. In TĂĽxen, R. (ed.).
1947:
1599:
Du Rietz, G.E. (1926). "Den subantarktiska florans bipolära element i lichenologisk belysning" [The bipolar elements of the sub-Antarctic flora in lichenological illumination].
504:, the fear of a possible wood shortage was an environmental concern causing widespread anxiety in New Zealand at that time. A local newspaper report noted his interest in studying
590:, reported Du Rietz's visit, and described him as "virtually the founder of the important Swedish school of ecology" and "probably the foremost expert regarding lichens".
315:, i.e., principles regarding the regular occurrence of certain plant species within specific types of vegetation communities or habitats). In 1922 Du Rietz was awarded a
1078:]. Berichte über die Internationalen Symposia der Internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde (in German). Vol. 4. The Hague: Springer. pp. 23–42.
735:, writing "I take great pleasure dedicating this to my friend Einer Du Rietz, who first pointed out to me some of the physiologic and ecologic implications of the
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advocating an empirical, inductive approach that emphasised life forms, stratification, dominance, and the significance of smaller non-flowering plants and fungi (
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Between the years 1912–1966, Einar Du Rietz published about 250 scientific works. Many are listed in Sjörs' biography of him; some of his major works include:
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and coastal areas, passions that he maintained throughout his life. He especially liked to explore the lifeforms present in the outer archipelago of the
656:
committee, he organized surveys of the shores of the lakes and river stretches that were threatened by the ongoing expansion of hydroelectric power in
1912:
1874:
Arvidsson, Lars (1999). "A survey of lichenologists in Sweden during the 19th century". In
Mattsson, Jan-Eric; Wedin, Mats; Hedberg, Inga (eds.).
336:
299:. Although logical and impressive for its era, the dissertation was quite schematic and faced criticism, particularly regarding the so-called
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1254:
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960:. Svenska Växtsociologiska Sällskapets Handlingar (in German). Vol. 2. Uppsala: Svenska växtsociologiska sällskapet. pp. 1–65.
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specimens collected by her husband, and only began writing about lichens after their divorce, later in her life. The local newspaper,
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increase the recognised Arctic elements within New
Zealand's flora. He also aimed to evaluate whether certain lichens could serve as
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190:
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for environmental conditions. They collected around 3000 specimens, contributing significantly to the study of bipolar lichens and
1057:———————— (1957). "Linne som myrforskare" [Linnaeus as a bog researcher].
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411:
1927:
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660:. When Du Rietz, as emeritus, turned 70, many of his former students gathered to write a 300-page collection of papers titled
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624:, academic teaching, and plant sociology. In addition to mentoring numerous students, he was deeply committed to preserving
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508:(lichens that grow on tree leaves), which are rare outside tropical regions. Du Rietz's New Zealand itinerary included the
701:
283:, held in Uppsala in spring 1921, was reportedly dramatic. The thesis focused on the methodological foundations of modern
1932:
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Du Rietz's lichen collections 1956–1965 from riverbanks and shores of lakes in connection with planned water regulations
1922:
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292:
219:
1460:"Providing guideline principles: Botany and ecology within the State Forest Service of New Zealand during the 1920s"
1855:
Tibell, Leif (1999). "Swedish lichen collectors abroad". In
Mattsson, Jan-Eric; Wedin, Mats; Hedberg, Inga (eds.).
532:. He was already somewhat familiar with New Zealand lichens, having previously corresponded with plant geographer
214:
1937:
839:
757:". Isao Yoshimura tried to promote this subgenus to a genus in 1998, but it is not an accepted name as it is a
751:
737:
517:
131:
881:
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for economic reasons, reflecting the scientific language preference in the Nordic countries at the time. The
1661:. Thunbergia. Vol. 32. Uppsala: Botany Section, Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University. pp. 1–25.
830:
567:
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in 1917. The seventeen-year-old who registered at
Uppsala University developed a varied interest in outdoor
1023:———————— (1940). "Problems of bipolar plant distribution".
908:
854:
681:. An obituary described Du Rietz as "one of the leading and most dynamic lichen taxonomists of the 1920s".
1859:. Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis. Vol. 32. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. pp. 61–102.
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339:, a position he held from 1924 to 1927. Du Rietz was also the leader of the biological geological work at
1878:. Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis. Vol. 32. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. pp. 23–60.
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Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel, in Zürich I
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levels. This research intended to identify which forest tree species could replenish areas cleared by
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and he wrote about species he encountered in Arctic areas and cool areas of the Southern Hemisphere.
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since 1921, in 1934 Du Rietz was appointed as both professor of plant ecology at Uppsala University (
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185:, despite challenges in processing all the samples upon return to Sweden. Several species have been
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were also influenced by the Uppsala school of phytogeography even though they were associated with
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256:
194:
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1514:
709:
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252:
158:
124:
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1249:]. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 107. Stuttgart: J. Cramer. p. 33.
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1301:[G. Einar Du Rietz – lichen researcher, plant sociologist, nature conservationist]
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in Uppsala on 7 March 1967, at the age of 72. He was outdoors, walking on his way to work.
1752:
Gyelnik, V. (1935). "De familia Heppiacearum, II" [On the family Heppiaceae, II].
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In 1926–27, Du Rietz and his wife conducted a research trip to New Zealand, including its
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The New Zealand part of the trip was coordinated by Leonard Cockayne, working for the
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Du Rietz resumed his international contacts on a large scale during the first major
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1646:. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica. Vol. 50. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells.
1561:. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series. Vol. 17.
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1801:(C.W. Dodge) Yoshim., Recollecting Edvard August Vainio (SĂŁo Paulo): 90 (1998)"
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1497:"The study of lichens. Swedish botanists visit. Extensive tour of New Zealand"
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Du Rietz has also had several species named after him, including the lichens
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After this phase of his career, Du Rietz started researching the plant genus
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1775:. Nova Hedwigia Beihefte. Vol. 12. Weinheim: J. Cramer. p. 146.
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Some Lichens of Tropical Africa: IV: Dermatocarpaceae to Pertusariaceae
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and small cryptogams, which he valued as much as the more conspicuous
1698:(1979). "Deceased lichenologists: their abbreviations and herbaria".
1397:"Three centuries of botany at the University of Lund, a short survey"
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1040:[Main units and main boundaries in Swedish mire vegetation]
540:, the latter of whom had sent lichen samples to Du Rietz for study.
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excursion, and a very frequently visited mountain excursion in the
1425:"Greta Sernander-DuRietz. Sveriges första lavforskare lavforskare"
762:
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Einar Du Rietz's legacy is marked by significant contributions to
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Du Rietz, G.E. (1940). "Problems of bipolar plant distribution".
1189:] (in Swedish). Vol. 2. Stockholm: Bonnier. p. 283.
1036:———————— (1949).
1006:———————— (1931).
986:———————— (1930).
965:———————— (1925).
946:———————— (1925).
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1674:"Three species new to Sweden in material collected by Du Rietz"
1299:"G. Einar Du Rietz – lavforskare, växtsociolog, naturskyddsman"
461:
316:
275:). The dissertation was translated into German and printed in
262:
Zur methodologischen Grundlage der modernen Pflanzensoziologie
210:
1572:
Galloway, David J. (2008). "Austral lichenology: 1690–2008".
1503:. Vol. 112, no. 127. 25 November 1926. p. 17.
969:[The Regional Division of Scandinavian Vegetation]
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are two lichens that were originally described by Du Rietz.
149:(25 April 1895 – 7 March 1967) was a Swedish botanist and
1532:
Magnusson, A.H. (1943). "Some lichens from New Zealand".
967:"Die regionale Gliederung der skandinavischen Vegetation"
1141:
Biographisch-bibliographisches Handbuch der Lichenologie
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1343:
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In 1924, Du Rietz married Greta Sernander, daughter of
327:
One of Du Rietz's professors at Uppsala University was
1825:
Hertel, Hannes; Gärtner, Georg; Lőkös, László (2017).
1754:
Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis
1038:"Huvudenheter och huvudgränser i svensk myrvegetation"
981:. Uppsala: Svenska växtsociologiska sällskapet: 1–60.
1243:
Gattungseponyme bei Flechten und Lichenicolen Pilzen
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1829:[Investigators of Austria's lichen flora]
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1247:Generic eponyms in lichens and lichenicolous fungi
652:. As a member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences'
1521:. Vol. 63, no. 19508. 11 December 1926.
1143:(in German). Lehre: J. Cramer. pp. 472–473.
1948:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
749:, and argued for its recognition as a taxonomic
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975:Svenska Växtsociologiska Sällskapets Handlingar
708:after Du Rietz; this genus has since been made
209:on 25 April 1895. He was the second son of the
1187:Swedish men and women. Biographical Dictionary
1182:Svenska män och kvinnor. Biografisk Uppslagbok
1179:Lindman, Sigurd (1944). Dahl, Thorsten (ed.).
1008:"Life-forms of terrestrial flowering plants I"
988:"The fundamental units of biological taxonomy"
448:(eyebrights), both local and foreign species.
1464:International Review of Environmental History
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464:water; Du Rietz would sometimes hand-squeeze
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244:, a nature reserve on the island of Gotland.
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1423:Jørgensen, Per M.; Lindblom, Louise (2006).
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1515:"Distinguished Botanist. Study in Dominion"
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483:Swedish–Australasian botanical expedition
472:and bring it to her in tubes for study.
1827:"Forscher an Ă–sterreichs Flechtenflora"
1637:Editorial committee (1965). "Preface".
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605:'s 1943 report, and his collections of
395:, later became notable lichenologists.
189:. In 1949, Du Rietz was elected to the
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597:. Du Rietz had also corresponded with
270:Fundamental Methods of Plant Sociology
1558:(lichens). I. The New Zealand species
648:In 1949, Du Rietz was elected to the
259:the same year. His thesis was titled
7:
1115:"Du Rietz, Gustaf Einar (1895–1967)"
434:area; in the latter, he brought a
350:Svenska Växtgeografiska Sällskapet
341:Abisko Scientific Research Station
205:Gustaf Einar Du Rietz was born in
153:. His research interests included
14:
650:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
634:Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences
358:Swedish Phytogeographical Society
193:and contributed significantly to
191:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
165:. He was a leading figure in the
595:New Zealand State Forest Service
556:
547:
412:International Botanical Congress
1913:20th-century Swedish scientists
1119:International Plant Names Index
949:Gotländische Vegetationsstudien
414:after the Second World War, in
808:Arv. & D.J.Galloway (1981)
1:
1733:(2): 282–283. 26 April 1967.
1620:Acta Phytogeographica Suecica
1574:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1059:Uppsala Universitet Ă…rsskrift
1025:Acta Phytogeographica Suecica
1012:Acta Phytogeographica Suecica
666:Acta Phytogeographica Suecica
850:P.James & Henssen (1975)
347:. In 1929 he co-founded the
215:Stockholms Benmjölsfabrik AB
132:Author abbrev. (botany)
1477:10.22459/IREH.05.01.2019.07
1084:10.1007/978-94-011-7597-5_4
895:Cockayne & Allan (Ohan)
840:Pseudocyphellaria durietzii
337:Botanical Museum in Uppsala
1964:
1771:Dodge, Carroll W. (1964).
954:Gotland Vegetation Studies
287:, covering topics such as
247:Du Rietz graduated with a
1943:Uppsala University alumni
1918:Scientists from Stockholm
1712:10.1017/s0024282979000037
1640:The Plant Cover of Sweden
1601:Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift
1586:10.1080/00288250809509781
1534:Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift
1432:Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift
1324:Verdoon, F., ed. (1933).
1307:Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift
1046:Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift
995:Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift
662:The Plant Cover of Sweden
530:fjords of northwest Otago
255:in 1921, and received an
140:
99:
32:
1362:Arvidsson, Lars (1994).
1139:Grummann, Vitus (1974).
882:Xanthoparmelia durietzii
201:Early life and education
1672:Nordon, Anders (2004).
1657:Nordin, Anders (2002).
1551:Galloway, D.J. (1988).
1458:Sveding, Anton (2019).
1241:Hertel, Hannes (2012).
888:; the flowering plants
761:of Gyelnik's name; the
702:Vilmos KĹ‘faragĂł-Gyelnik
257:associate professorship
1928:Swedish lichenologists
1381:10.1006/lich.1994.1016
831:Placopsis durietziorum
765:is now known as genus
697:
693:A flower of the plant
568:Kaernefeltia merrillii
349:
301:
261:
39:Einar Du Rietz in 1932
1395:Almborn, Ove (1980).
928:Selected publications
909:Euphrasia durietziana
855:Umbilicaria durietzii
743:cortex in species of
720:Carroll William Dodge
692:
632:. As a member of the
496:for assessing forest
147:Gustaf Einar Du Rietz
27:Gustaf Einar du Rietz
941:(in German): 31–138.
918:Fragilaria durietzii
873:Verrucaria durietzii
777:Acarospora durietzii
603:Adolf Hugo Magnusson
297:field boundary lines
1933:Swedish taxonomists
1876:Swedish Lichenology
1857:Swedish Lichenology
900:Euphrasia durietzii
835:D.J.Galloway (2004)
786:Caloplaca durietzii
654:nature conservation
622:nature conservation
574:Parmotrema arnoldii
506:foliicolous lichens
475:Du Rietz died of a
197:efforts in Sweden.
195:nature conservation
187:named in his honour
1923:Swedish biologists
1725:"News and Notes".
1519:New Zealand Herald
1401:Botankiska Notiser
891:Celmisia durietzii
822:Lecidora durietzii
698:
695:Celmisia durietzii
518:Canterbury College
253:Uppsala University
226:Filosofie kandidat
125:Uppsala University
95:Uppsala University
1797:"Record Details:
1782:978-3-7682-5412-0
1700:The Lichenologist
1556:Pseudocyphellaria
1368:The Lichenologist
1364:"Gunnar Degelius"
1330:Chronica Botanica
1326:"Sweden: Uppsala"
1256:978-3-443-58086-5
1150:978-3-7682-0907-6
1093:978-94-011-7598-2
915:; and the diatom
846:Psoroma durietzii
843:Galloway (1983);
813:Lecidea durietzii
804:Degelia durietzii
795:Collema durietzii
608:Pseudocyphellaria
514:research stations
510:Tararua Mountains
389:Torsten Hasselrot
310:laws of constancy
249:licentiate degree
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101:Scientific career
18:Swedish biologist
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1938:Phytogeographers
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704:named the genus
630:flowering plants
599:Henry A. Gleason
587:The Evening Post
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534:Leonard Cockayne
458:Rutger Sernander
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329:Rutger Sernander
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1689:
1678:Graphis Scripta
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1495:
1494:
1485:
1457:
1456:
1443:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1264:
1257:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1151:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1069:
1056:
1041:
1035:
1022:
1005:
990:
985:
970:
964:
957:
945:
936:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
877:I.M.Lamb (1948)
876:
867:
864:Usnea durietzii
858:
849:
834:
825:
816:
807:
798:
789:
780:
756:
742:
687:
646:
618:
581:
580:
579:
578:
563:
562:
561:
553:
552:
485:
454:
405:Lund University
385:Gunnar Degelius
360:
357:
354:
325:
323:Academic career
312:
309:
306:
302:Konstanzgesetze
285:plant sociology
272:
269:
266:
217:
203:
175:Greta Sernander
92:Alma mater
79:
74:
70:
61:
56:
50:
48:
40:
28:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1885:978-9155441081
1884:
1871:
1866:978-9155441081
1865:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1817:
1805:Index Fungorum
1788:
1781:
1763:
1744:
1727:The Bryologist
1717:
1687:
1664:
1649:
1629:
1610:
1591:
1580:(4): 433–521.
1564:
1543:
1524:
1506:
1483:
1470:(1): 113–128.
1441:
1434:(in Swedish).
1410:
1387:
1374:(2): 205–207.
1354:
1339:
1316:
1309:(in Swedish).
1262:
1255:
1228:
1216:
1212:Arvidsson 1999
1204:
1192:
1164:
1149:
1131:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1067:
1061:(in Swedish).
1054:
1048:(in Swedish).
1033:
1020:
1003:
983:
962:
943:
929:
926:
817:H.Magn. (1943)
790:H.Magn. (1953)
781:H.Magn. (1924)
759:junior homonym
750:
736:
686:
683:
673:] of Uppsala,
645:
642:
617:
614:
565:
564:
555:
554:
546:
545:
544:
543:
542:
484:
481:
453:
450:
393:Rolf Santesson
366:Having been a
324:
321:
319:for his work.
293:stratification
202:
199:
183:forest ecology
171:phytosociology
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
115:phytosociology
108:
104:
103:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
73:(aged 71)
67:
63:
62:
57:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
26:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1837:(in German).
1836:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:Laundon, J.R.
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:(4): 256–260.
1437:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1352:, p. 78.
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1313:(2): 123–128.
1312:
1308:
1300:
1297:Sjörs, Hugo.
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1226:, p. 82.
1225:
1220:
1217:
1214:, p. 50.
1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:, p. 81.
1201:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:Biosoziologie
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1001:(3): 333–426.
1000:
996:
989:
984:
980:
977:(in German).
976:
968:
963:
955:
951:
950:
944:
940:
935:
934:
933:
927:
925:
922:A.Cleve-Euler
920:
919:
911:
910:
902:
901:
893:
892:
884:
883:
875:
874:
868:Motyka (1937)
866:
865:
857:
856:
848:
847:
842:
841:
833:
832:
826:Motyka (1996)
824:
823:
815:
814:
806:
805:
799:Degel. (1974)
797:
796:
788:
787:
779:
778:
772:
770:
769:
764:
760:
755:
748:
747:
741:
734:
733:
728:
725:
722:proposed the
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
696:
691:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
643:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
615:
613:
610:
609:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
588:
576:
575:
570:
569:
559:
550:
541:
539:
536:and botanist
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:bioindicators
490:
489:sub-Antarctic
482:
480:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
451:
449:
447:
446:
440:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:Västergötland
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
397:Stig Waldheim
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
369:
364:
351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
320:
318:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
263:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
221:
216:
212:
208:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:bioindicators
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:plant ecology
152:
151:lichenologist
148:
139:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
68:
64:
60:
55:25 April 1895
47:
43:
36:
31:
24:
21:
16:
1875:
1856:
1838:
1834:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1798:
1791:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1706:(1): 1–26 .
1703:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1467:
1463:
1435:
1431:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1246:
1242:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1186:
1181:
1140:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1109:
1076:Biosociology
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
998:
994:
978:
974:
953:
948:
938:
931:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
838:
829:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
773:
766:
744:
730:
726:
713:
705:
699:
694:
665:
661:
647:
619:
606:
592:
585:
582:
572:
566:
516:operated by
486:
477:heart attack
474:
455:
443:
441:
409:
365:
326:
246:
204:
163:biogeography
146:
145:
121:Institutions
100:
71:(1967-03-07)
69:7 March 1967
20:
15:
1908:1967 deaths
1903:1895 births
1841:(2): 36–37.
1554:Studies in
1407:: 451–474 .
1350:Tibell 1999
1224:Tibell 1999
1200:Tibell 1999
886:Hale (1987)
859:Frey (1949)
718:. In 1964,
644:Recognition
538:Harry Allan
428:archipelago
401:Ove Almborn
381:Sten Ahlner
345:lichenology
218: [
111:Lichenology
84:Nationality
1897:Categories
1760:: 307–313.
1626:: 215–282.
1607:: 299–303.
1540:: 277–286.
1336:: 257–258.
1102:References
1065:(5): 3–80.
1052:: 274–309.
1031:: 215–282.
1018:(1): 1–95.
768:Lobariella
710:synonymous
638:monographs
528:, and the
526:Mount Cook
512:, montane
502:sawmilling
466:microalgae
377:cryptogams
289:life forms
238:Baltic Sea
169:school of
51:1895-04-25
1799:Durietzia
753:character
729:of genus
727:Durietzia
706:Durietzia
700:In 1935,
679:Stockholm
445:Euphrasia
436:megaphone
416:Stockholm
157:, lichen
1684:: 20–22.
746:Parmelia
724:subgenus
715:Ionaspis
671:herbaria
658:Norrland
626:biotopes
522:Hokitika
498:humidity
452:Personal
372:emeritus
242:Jungfrun
159:taxonomy
136:Du Rietz
1835:Stapfia
1810:1 March
1739:3240963
1159:1375447
1124:1 March
732:Lobaria
685:Eponymy
468:out of
424:Uppland
335:at the
333:curator
281:defence
240:and on
234:lichens
167:Uppsala
87:Swedish
77:Uppsala
1882:
1863:
1779:
1737:
1253:
1157:
1147:
1090:
956:]
906:, and
904:Yamam.
739:rimose
677:, and
616:Legacy
432:Abisko
391:, and
368:docent
277:Vienna
230:botany
207:Bromma
161:, and
107:Fields
59:Bromma
1831:(PDF)
1735:JSTOR
1644:(PDF)
1428:(PDF)
1303:(PDF)
1245:[
1185:[
1074:[
1042:(PDF)
991:(PDF)
971:(PDF)
958:(PDF)
952:[
763:taxon
712:with
426:, an
251:from
222:]
1880:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1812:2022
1777:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1155:OCLC
1145:ISBN
1126:2024
1088:ISBN
1063:1957
913:Ohwi
675:Lund
571:and
470:moss
399:and
66:Died
45:Born
1839:104
1708:doi
1582:doi
1472:doi
1436:100
1405:133
1376:doi
1080:doi
462:bog
422:to
363:).
317:PhD
213:of
211:CEO
1899::
1833:.
1803:.
1758:38
1756:.
1731:70
1729:.
1704:11
1702:.
1682:16
1680:.
1676:.
1624:13
1622:.
1605:20
1603:.
1578:46
1576:.
1538:37
1536:.
1517:.
1499:.
1486:^
1466:.
1462:.
1444:^
1430:.
1413:^
1403:.
1399:.
1372:26
1370:.
1366:.
1342:^
1332:.
1328:.
1311:96
1305:.
1265:^
1231:^
1167:^
1153:.
1117:.
1086:.
1050:43
1044:.
1029:13
1027:.
1014:.
1010:.
999:24
997:.
993:.
973:.
924:.
897:,
879:;
870:;
861:;
852:;
837:;
828:;
819:;
810:;
801:;
792:;
783:;
771:.
524:,
520:,
407:.
387:,
383:,
291:,
220:sv
113:,
1888:.
1869:.
1814:.
1785:.
1741:.
1714:.
1710::
1588:.
1584::
1480:.
1474::
1468:5
1384:.
1378::
1334:1
1259:.
1161:.
1128:.
1096:.
1082::
1016:3
979:8
664:(
361:'
355:'
353:(
313:'
307:'
305:(
273:'
267:'
265:(
53:)
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
