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them later to the last decade of the 19th century (1890s) since Mehtab Singh, a traditional Sikh muralist who was born in 1871, had worked on them. Kang also provides other arguments for his later dating of the artwork: 1) the style of the
Gurmukhi calligraphy inscribed on the paintings belong to his suggested late 19th century dating, and, 2) there exists a painting that depicts and references a certain Pandit Brij Nath, a supposed teacher shown as instructing Nanak in the image but references to this person only began to exist in Janamsakhi literature produced in and after the early 19th century.
178:, Atal Rai revived a friend named Mohan who was bitten by a snake and subsequently died as a result of the injury. Upon hearing the news of the event, his father was displeased as the performance of miracles is rebuked by the Sikh gurus. After being admonished by his father for the miracle, Atal Rai retired himself to the bank of Kaulsar and died on 13 September 1628 with the aim of leaving this world. His remains were cremated on the bank of Kaulsar. The tower was built in his memory and to commemorate his short life. Even though Atal Rai died as a child, he was given the
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octagonal structure ceases after the sixth floor, but they continue until the ninth for the interior octagonal structure. The ninth floor is topped off with a golden dome. A double staircase, using the wall breadth, takes one to the top of the building. At the ground floor, there are four entry doors on each of the main directions. The main entrance of these four entry doors is the one facing in the eastward direction. There is a central room on the ground floor that also has four doors and the
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398:" renovations in the structure. In 1971, poor-quality "renovations" led to the murals being repainted with gaudy paint made with artificial chemicals rather than using the naturally-sourced, traditional method of producing paint. This led to the decay in quality of many of the works and artificially-sourced paint is not as hardy or long lasting as compared to naturally-sourced paint. Renovations of
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that the present-day, nine-story tower was constructed. However, Kanwarjit Singh Kang believes the present-day tower had been erected between circa 1775–1800 (last quarter of the 18th century). Repairs, extensions, and renovations to the structure were conducted in the coming years from time to time.
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in the 19th century. Some of the artists who painted the frescoes back then were Jaimal Singh
Naqqash, Mehtab Singh Naqqash, and Hukum Singh. Michael Edwardes had dated the mural paintings of the tower to the early 19th century but this dating was rebuked by Kanwarjit Singh Kang, who rather dates
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is displayed within this room placed on a brass canopy. The doors of the structure are brass and silver and feature intricate embossed artwork on them. There are various brass plaques, which are embossed, depicting Sikh and Hindu themes throughout the structure. Groupings of three embossed brass
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Embossed brass plaques were donated by worshipers beginning in the middle of the 19th century onwards as a sign of their devotion. Some of these embossed plaques are inscribed with the names and addresses of the devotee who donated them and the date of the donation. One plaque even contains an
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The building is octagonal in shape, with a double-octagonal structure. One octagonal structure is the bigger of the two and rises externally and the other, smaller one rises internally, with the external one being circumambulatory to the interior one. The accompanying stories of the exterior
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Also on the Walk route is 'Baba Atal' which took 113 years to come up. It was built in the memory of Guru
Hargobind's son Atal Rai. The historic building still retains some of its original splendour, as does Ramgarhia Bunga (mansion), a three-storeyed marvel of the Sikh school of
165:
Fresco depicting Baba Atal Rai, son of Guru
Hargobind, surrounded by other figures, from Gurdwara Baba Atal in Amritsar, circa late-19th century. One of the depicted figures is Mohan, whom Atal is said to have revived through the performance of a miracle after Mohan died from a
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continue to threaten the unprotected works and they are slowly disappearing. By 1988, only around 42 fresco panels survived in the structure with the rest having been destroyed. The murals located at the first entrance of the shrine (known as
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357:(treasury). Most of the figuratives depicted in the murals are shown in profile-view, except for Nanak. Colours and materials used to paint the images were Indian red, ochre, other earthly colours, and touchings of gold.
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and many pilgrims and destitute people visited it to partake in it, where it was freely distributed to all visitors. This led to the coining of a saying related to Baba Atal in the local
Amritsari vernacular:
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201:. In India, it is a common practice for the tombs of saintly individuals to be gradually transformed into religious shrines as time goes by. It was during the time of
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Many of the paintings have been damaged or decayed in the decades since Indian independence due to apathy to them or deliberate defacement. Historical
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The structure is located in the southern direction of the Golden Temple. It is approximately 135 metres away from the Sarai Guru Ram Das building.
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Built some four centuries ago, the Baba Atal
Gurdwara is a touching commemoration of the young life of Baba Atal Rai (1619–1628), the son of
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838:. New Delhi: The Director of Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 13–14.
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monogram wrought in brass identifying the craftsman who created it. These embossed brass plaques were likely crafted by the
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341:. One painting depicted all of the ten Sikh gurus. Another mural displayed the entire lineage of the prominent Sikh saint,
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paintings of important figures and events from Sikh history. Especially numerous are artwork relating to the life of
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174:. Its nine stories echo his nine years of life before his death in 1628. According to Sikh legend narrated in the
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ceremony. Scenes from Guru Nanak's childhood are also depicted, such as him at school. One fresco depicts the
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127:. It consists of nine stories and is around forty metres in height. It is just a short walk from the famous
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According to Satpal Danish, the artwork had originally been commissioned and completed during
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892:. Vol. 2: E-L. Patiala, Punjab, India: Punjab University, Patiala. pp. 395–6.
307:(age of darkness). The last fresco painting in the series depicts Guru Nanak appointing
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Architectural drawing of the tower complex of
Gurdwara Baba Atal in Amritsar, ca.1900's
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The first two stories of the tower were constructed under the purview and direction of
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197:(Indic cenotaph) was constructed at the site, which eventually transformed into a
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have been whitewashed or covered by bathroom tiles and plaster during supposed "
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requesting the divine to send a worthy person to humanity to bring them out of
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Guru
Hargobind (middle) depicted alongside Ani Rai (left) and Atal Rai (right)
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Mural fresco depiction of Baba Atal Rai (centre) located in
Gurdwara Baba Atal
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662:. Vol. 1, A–D. Patiala, Punjab, India: Punjab University. p. 208.
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Woodcut of a Sikh family visiting
Gurdwara Baba Atal, Amritsar (circa 1870)
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Photograph of Gurdwara Baba Atal and the tank of Kaulsar in Amritsar by
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Mural featuring floral motifs from Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai in Amritsar
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Artwork depicting the tower complex of Gurdwara Baba Atal in Amritsar
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327:. Other themes of the frescoes are depictions of prominent Sikh
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Kang, Kanwarjit Singh (1988). "15. Gurdwara Baba Atal Sahib".
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Damaged, dilapidated, and dirtied fresco showing floral motifs
410:) were in an advanced state of neglect, vandalism, and decay.
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Video of frescoes from the upper-stories of Gurdwara Baba Atal
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337:). There further existed murals depicting Baba Atal and the
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literature. The first fresco painting in the series depicts
860:"Guru's legacy muralled on wall in Gurdwara Baba Attal Rai"
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Frescoes depicting events related to the life of Guru Nanak
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Frescoes depicting events related to the life of Guru Nanak
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Frescoes depicting events related to the life of Guru Nanak
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plaques are adhered to each of the four exterior doors.
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685:"Walk the extra mile to discover Amritsar's heritage"
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90:late 18th or early 19th century (nine-story tower)
378:guilds and craftsman that were located in the
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922:Bakshi, Artika Aurora; Dhillon, Ganeev Kaur.
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2265:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
979:Kang, Kanwarjit Singh (21 October 2007).
345:. There also existed portrayals of both
950:"Murals of Gurdwara Baba Atal Sahib Ji"
858:Teja, Charanjit Singh (29 March 2021).
813:. Atma Ram & Sons. pp. 75–79.
683:Chopra, Rajni Shaleen (18 April 2011).
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3105:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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543:Fresco of the compilation of the
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2870:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
1021:Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai, Amritsar
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239:Baba Atal sends prepared meals.
119:dedicated to Atal Rai, a son of
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3162:Tourist attractions in Amritsar
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1911:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
584:Decaying and dilapidated fresco
572:Decaying and dilapidated fresco
213:The gurdwara was famed for its
80:
2964:Sikhism and sexual orientation
948:Sodhi, Jiwan (17 March 2014).
531:Singhs from Gurdwara Baba Atal
1:
87:early 17th century (samadhi)
890:The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism
888:. In Siṅgh, Harbans (ed.).
660:The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism
658:. In Siṅgh, Harbans (ed.).
382:neighbourhood of Amritsar.
16:Gurdwara in Amritsar, India
3188:
3152:Gurdwaras in Punjab, India
3084:
2324:British East India Company
924:"The Mural Arts of Panjab"
3057:
2736:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
2716:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
2665:Johann Martin Honigberger
2524:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
1107:
864:Tribuneindia News Service
176:Gurbilas Chhevin Patshahi
42:
30:
2726:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
2721:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
928:Nishaan Nagaara Magazine
311:as his successor in the
246:—local Amritsari saying
2731:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
2609:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
1534:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
3167:17th-century gurdwaras
2564:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
2549:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
2539:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
2519:Sher Singh Attariwalla
2514:Sham Singh Attariwalla
2410:Officials and warriors
2319:Emirate of Afghanistan
2225:Battle of Chillianwala
1450:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
1199:Beliefs and principles
886:"Jodh Siṅgh Rāmgaṛhīā"
834:G.S., Randhir (1990).
811:Punjab Art and Culture
276:
237:
231:pakkīā̃ pakāīā̃ chall.
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24:Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai
2902:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
2645:François Henri Mouton
2635:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
2474:Khushal Singh Jamadar
2261:Panchayati Revolution
2257:Hill States–Sikh Wars
2212:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1524:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
1056:31.61722°N 74.87722°E
1031:24 March 2019 at the
1016:at Wikimedia Commons
836:Sikh shrines in India
453:Bourne & Shepherd
274:
203:Maharaja Ranjit Singh
164:
2683:Influential families
2640:Claude Auguste Court
2630:Jean-François Allard
2544:Surat Singh Majithia
2534:Lehna Singh Majithia
2339:Hill States Alliance
2192:Battle of Ferozeshah
2179:First Anglo-Sikh War
1899:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
1877:Piara Singh Bhaniara
1756:United Arab Emirates
1494:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
1224:Cannabis and Sikhism
981:"From metal to form"
291:, as relayed in the
208:Jodh Singh Ramgarhia
2974:Idolatry in Sikhism
2892:Nanakshahi calendar
2887:Sikh Light Infantry
2529:Amar Singh Majithia
2464:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
2255:, Katoch–Sikh War,
1052: /
1026:Gurudwara Baba Atal
323:, the four sons of
283:consisting of many
279:The tower contains
99:Gurdwārā Bābā Aṭṭal
52:Architectural style
47:General information
2875:11th Sikh Regiment
2690:Sandhawalia family
2604:Sultan Mahmud Khan
2589:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
2574:Sangat Singh Saini
2469:Dewan Mokham Chand
2344:Kingdom of Mankera
2220:Battle of Ramnagar
2164:Battle of Peshawar
2159:Battle of Nowshera
2036:Battle of Bhangani
1514:Nanak Shahi bricks
1417:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
1209:Sikh Rehat Maryada
1204:Guru Maneyo Granth
1061:31.61722; 74.87722
1014:Gurdwara Baba Atal
689:The Indian Express
277:
191:Initially a small
168:
26:ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਬਾਬਾ ਅਟੱਲ
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2650:Alexander Gardner
2569:Kahan Singh Nakai
2554:Akali Phula Singh
2434:Diwan Bhawani Das
2271:
2270:
2202:Battle of Sobraon
2154:Battle of Shopian
1639:Jammu and Kashmir
1539:Well of Dina Nath
1367:Guru Granth Sahib
1180:Guru Granth Sahib
1175:Guru Gobind Singh
1170:Guru Tegh Bahadur
1012:Media related to
339:Battle of Muktsar
325:Guru Gobind Singh
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150:Guru Granth Sahib
96:
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56:Sikh architecture
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2999:Punjabi language
2959:Women in Sikhism
2499:Balbhadra Kunwar
2459:Hari Singh Nalwa
2449:Misr Diwan Chand
2439:Diwan Buta Singh
2414:
2354:Barakzai dynasty
2329:Kingdom of Nepal
2283:Sikh Khalsa Army
2235:Battle of Gujrat
2197:Battle of Aliwal
2169:Battle of Jamrud
2149:Battle of Multan
2144:Battle of Attock
2136:Afghan–Sikh wars
2028:Mughal-Sikh Wars
2024:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1815:Sects of Sikhism
1781:Northern Ireland
1509:Moti Bagh Palace
1484:Bahadurgarh Fort
1182:(Sikh holy book)
1165:Guru Har Krishan
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956:. Archived from
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2695:Majithia family
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2599:Fakir Azizuddin
2509:Mehta Basti Ram
2429:Diwan Dina Nath
2405:
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2349:Namgyal dynasty
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2276:Military forces
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2230:Siege of Multan
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2187:Battle of Mudki
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2013:
1989:Nau Nihal Singh
1967:
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1807:and communities
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1440:Harmandir Sahib
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1231:Diet in Sikhism
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1033:Wayback Machine
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3011:Sacred trees
2792:Other topics
2765:Hola Mohalla
2594:Ilahi Bakhsh
2454:Diwan Mulraj
2444:Pratap Singh
2401:Zorawar Fort
2056:2nd Anandpur
2051:1st Anandpur
2009:Duleep Singh
1984:Kharak Singh
1979:Ranjit Singh
1872:Mazhabi Sikh
1731:South Africa
1499:Kesgarh Qila
1445:Janam Asthan
1427:Architecture
1372:Dasam Granth
1339:Charhdi Kala
1219:Prohibitions
1160:Guru Har Rai
1145:Guru Ram Das
1037:
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988:. Retrieved
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958:the original
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62:Town or city
18:
3049:Patna Sahib
3044:Hazur Sahib
2579:Hukma Singh
2494:Gulab Singh
2424:Dhian Singh
2396:Lahore Fort
2386:Multan Fort
2381:Jamrud Fort
2334:Qing Empire
2302:Adversaries
2288:Fauj-i-Khas
1965:Sikh Empire
1928:Sikh Empire
1906:Singh Sabha
1835:Nanakpanthi
1746:Switzerland
1736:South Korea
1696:New Zealand
1691:Netherlands
1562:Afghanistan
1392:Japji Sahib
1324:The Five Ks
1319:Vand Chhako
1284:Anand Karaj
1059: /
990:7 September
985:The Tribune
343:Baba Buddha
227:Bābā Atall,
166:snake-bite.
125:Mata Nanaki
3146:Categories
3029:Akal Takht
2969:In Fiction
2954:Ravidassia
2922:Dharamyudh
2845:Literature
2835:Panj Pyare
2775:Mela Maghi
2623:Foreigners
2584:Veer Singh
2559:Chandu Lal
2293:Fauj-i-Ain
1999:Sher Singh
1994:Chand Kaur
1850:Sewapanthi
1577:Bangladesh
1549:By country
1519:Pul Kanjri
1489:Fateh Burj
1402:Jaap Sahib
1387:Mul Mantar
1309:Kirat Karo
1294:Amrit Velā
1279:Naam Karan
1259:Sikh rites
1191:Philosophy
1150:Guru Arjan
1135:Guru Angad
1130:Guru Nanak
1047:74°52′38″E
1044:31°37′02″N
638:References
546:Adi Granth
527:Fresco of
355:toshākhānā
351:Lakhmi Das
320:Sahibzadas
314:guru gaddi
309:Guru Angad
294:Janamsakhi
289:Guru Nanak
180:honourific
2979:Criticism
2897:Ramananda
2752:Festivals
2489:Lal Singh
2484:Tej Singh
2361:of Poonch
2111:Jalalabad
2020:conflicts
2004:Jind Kaur
1845:Nirankari
1726:Singapore
1656:Indonesia
1592:Vancouver
1567:Australia
1359:Scripture
1314:Naam Japo
1241:Practices
964:28 August
869:7 January
362:Sikh rule
347:Sri Chand
82:Completed
37:Baba Atal
3073:Category
3003:Gurmukhī
2994:Punjabis
2937:Hinduism
2865:Politics
2825:Waheguru
2820:Ik Onkar
2782:Vaisakhi
2709:Treaties
2091:Sadhaura
2061:Chamkaur
2018:Military
1860:Ramraiya
1830:Namdhari
1771:Scotland
1751:Thailand
1711:Pakistan
1681:Malaysia
1557:Diaspora
1435:Gurdwara
1110:Glossary
1029:Archived
400:kar seva
396:kar seva
392:frescoes
376:Thathera
330:shaheeds
281:Sikh art
199:gurdwara
135:Location
117:Amritsar
113:Gurdwara
66:Amritsar
3065:Outline
2989:History
2932:Jainism
2805:Culture
2800:History
2417:Natives
2359:Sudhans
2106:Lohgarh
2086:Sirhind
2076:Sonepat
2071:Muktsar
1855:Nirmala
1766:England
1624:Germany
1614:Finland
1604:Denmark
1582:Belgium
1572:Austria
1397:Chaupai
1382:Gurbani
1344:Dasvand
1114:History
1101:Sikhism
529:Shaheed
414:Gallery
335:martyrs
255:Artwork
194:samadhi
157:History
106:Punjabi
72:Country
2984:Punjab
2917:Dastar
2912:Sardar
2860:Places
2830:Khanda
2244:Others
2081:Samana
2046:Basoli
2041:Nadaun
1972:Rulers
1840:Nihang
1820:Khalsa
1741:Sweden
1721:Poland
1716:Panama
1706:Norway
1649:Punjab
1629:Greece
1619:France
1587:Canada
1470:Europe
1460:Africa
1407:Rehras
1349:Jhatka
1329:Simran
1274:Langar
1269:Kirtan
1249:Khalsa
933:26 May
896:
817:
666:
408:deohri
304:Kalyug
260:Murals
215:langar
3097:This
3021:Takht
2949:Sikhs
2927:Islam
2907:Kabir
2855:Names
2850:Music
2840:Films
2815:Music
2770:Maghi
2374:Forts
2126:Delhi
2116:Jammu
2101:Rahon
2066:Sarsa
1889:Jatha
1865:Udasi
1776:Wales
1686:Nepal
1676:Japan
1671:Italy
1644:Kochi
1634:India
1599:China
1264:Ardās
1122:Gurus
403:babas
285:mural
76:India
3103:stub
2942:Rama
1825:Mina
1701:Niue
1666:Iraq
1661:Iran
1609:Fiji
1465:Asia
1455:List
1334:Sewa
1112:and
992:2023
966:2023
935:2023
894:ISBN
871:2023
815:ISBN
664:ISBN
349:and
185:baba
123:and
2810:Art
1916:3HO
115:in
102:Rāi
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