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1506:(c. 1805) chose to reiterate Ghulam Husain Khan's argument at large: he states that the Guru gained thousands of followers of soldiers and horsemen during his travels between 1672 and 1673 in southern Punjab, essentially having a nomadic army, and provided shelter to rebels who were resistant to Mughal representatives. Aurangzeb was warned about such activity as a cause of concern that could possibly lead to insurrection or rebellion and to eliminate the threat of the Guru at the earliest opportunity.
1416:) for the sake of the frontal mark and sacred thread. He offered all he had for the holy. He gave up his head, but did not utter a sigh. He suffered martyrdom for the sake of religion. He laid down his head, but not his honor. Real men of God do not perform tricks like showmen. Having broken the pitcher on the head of the Emperor of Delhi, he departed to the world of God. No one has ever performed a deed like him. At his departure, the whole world mourned, while the heavens hailed it as a victory.
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1479:(traditional accounts) written during the eighteenth century indirectly support the narrative in the Persian sources, saying that "the Guru was in violent opposition to the Muslim rulers of the country" in response to the dogmatic policies implemented by Aurangzeb. Both Persian and Sikh sources agree that Guru Tegh Bahadur militarily opposed the Mughal state and was therefore targeted for execution in accordance with Aurangzeb's zeal for punishing enemies of the state.
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give them 500 coins. Every "guru" he met accepted the two gold coins and bid him farewell. Then he discovered that Tegh
Bahadur also lived at Bakala. Makhan Shah gave Tegh Bahadur the usual offering of two gold coins. Tegh Bahadur blessed him and remarked that his offering was short of the promised five hundred. Makhan Shah made good the difference and ran upstairs. He began shouting from the rooftop, "
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1472:— one of the closest confidantes of Aurangzeb — and might have been providing an "official justification". Also, the Guru's alleged association with Hafiz Adam is anachronistic. Chandra further writes that Ghulam Husain's account places Guru Tegh Bahadur's confinement and execution in Lahore, while Sikh tradition places it in Delhi, and Chandra finds no reason to reject said tradition.
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court poet of Guru Gobind Singh, the son of Guru Teg
Bahadar. In his composition called Sri Gur Sobha, Sainapati described the martyred Guru as 'Srisht ki Chadar', or the protector of humanity. 'Pargat Bhae Gur Teg Bahadar, Sagal Srisht Pe Dhaapi Chadar,' the poet wrote, meaning 'Guru Tegh Bahadar was revealed, and protected the whole creation.'
1516:
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Take for instance, the description of Guru Teg
Bahadar as 'Hind di Chadar' in present-day parlance and 'Dharam di Chadar' some 100 years ago. That appears to be a departure from how he was originally described in contemporaneous poetic texts after his execution in 1675. Chandra Sain Sainapati was a
1235:
had vowed to give 500 gold coins to the Sikh Guru upon escaping a shipwreck some time ago, and he came to Bakala in search of the ninth guru. He met each claimant he could find, making his obeisance and offering them two gold coins in the belief that the right guru would know of his silent promise to
1534:
Louis E. Fenech refuses to pass any judgement, in light of the paucity of primary sources; however, he notes that these Sikh accounts had coded martyrdom into the events, with an aim to elicit pride rather than trauma in readers. He further argues that Tegh
Bahadur sacrificed himself for the sake of
1520:
Detail of a mural from
Gurdwara Baba Atal Rai depicting Guru Tegh Bahadar and a young Guru Gobind Singh (then known as Gobind Das or Gobind Rai) receiving a delegation of Kashmiri Pandits whom petition their help against religious persecution of Kashmiri Hindus by the Mughal Empire. This fresco has
1357:
by Mughal officials but was arrested at Ropar and put to jail in
Sirhind. Four months later, in November 1675, he was transferred to Delhi and asked to perform a miracle to prove his nearness to God or convert to Islam. The Guru declined, and three of his colleagues, who had been arrested with him,
1549:
notes that Tegh
Bahadur's familial ties to Dara Shikoh (Aurangzeb summoned both Guru Har Rai and later Guru Har Krishan to his court to account for their rumored support to Shikoh), along with his proselytization and being a military organizer, invoked both political and Islamic justifications for
1453:
Tegh
Bahadur, the eighth successor of (Guru) Nanak became a man of authority with a large number of followers. (In fact) several thousand persons used to accompany him as he moved from place to place. His contemporary Hafiz Adam, a faqir belonging to the group of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi's followers,
3417:
Fenech argues that the twentieth-century Tat Khalsa wrongly treated the martyrdom of Guru Tegh
Bahadur as a sacrifice to save Hinduism. In his view, the tilak and janju in the passage under consideration refer to the frontal mark and the sacred thread of Guru Tegh Bahadur himself. In other words,
1530:
Satish
Chandra expresses doubt about the authenticity of these meta-narratives, centered on miracles — Aurangzeb was not a believer in them, according to Chandra. He further expresses doubt pertaining to the narrative of the persecution of Hindus in Kashmir within Sikh accounts, remarking that no
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identity". Wilfred Smith stated that "the attempt to forcibly convert the ninth Guru to an externalized, impersonal Islam clearly made an indelible impression on the martyr's nine-year-old son, Gobind, who reacted slowly but deliberately by eventually organizing the Sikh group into a distinct,
1839:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 236–245, 444–446, Quote: "This second martyrdom helped to make 'human rights and freedom of conscience' central to its identity." Quote: "This is the reputed place where several Kashmiri Pandits came seeking protection from Aurangzeb's army.".
1353:, where one of them is said to have had a dream where Shiva instructed the Pandits to seek out the ninth Sikh guru for assistance in their plight and hence a group was formed for carrying out the task. Guru Tegh Bahadur left from his base at Makhowal to confront the persecution of
1859:
Gill, Sarjit S., and Charanjit Kaur (2008), "Gurdwara and its politics: Current debate on Sikh identity in Malaysia", SARI: Journal Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Vol. 26 (2008), pages 243–255, Quote: "Guru Tegh Bahadur died in order to protect the freedom of India from invading
1454:
had also come to have a large number of murids and followers. Both these men (Guru Tegh Bahadur and Hafiz Adam) used to move about in Punjab, adopting a habit of coercion and extortion. Tegh Bahadur used to collect money from Hindus and Hafiz Adam from Muslims. The royal
1440:
Persian and non Sikh sources maintain that the Guru was a bandit whose plunder and rapine of Punjab along with his rebellious activities precipitated his execution. According to Chandra, the earliest Persian source to chronicle his execution is
1482:
Bhimsen, a contemporary chronicler of Guru Gobind Singh, wrote (c.1708) that the successors of Guru Nanak maintained extravagant lifestyles, and some of them, including Tegh Bahadur, rebelled against the state: Tegh Bahadur proclaimed himself
1432:
More Sikh accounts of Guru Tegh Bahadur's execution, all claiming to be sourced from the "testimony of trustworthy Sikhs", only started emerging in around the late eighteenth century, and are thus, often conflicting, according to historian
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1228:", meaning his successor was to be found in Bakala. Taking advantage of the ambiguity in the words of the dying guru, many installed themselves in Bakala, claiming to be the new guru. Sikhs were puzzled to see so many claimants.
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In another, the historian Satish Chandra pointed out that the 'official explanation' for the execution of the Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur by the Mughal court was that he had 'resorted to plunder and rapine'.
1677:). In certain parts of India, this day of the year is a public holiday. Guru Tegh Bahadur is remembered for giving up his life to protect the freedom of the oppressed to practice their own religion.
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Most of the non Sikh sources mention Guru Tegh Bahadur's militancy as the reason for Aurangzeb's action. By contrast, the Sikh sources dwell exclusively on the religious dimension of the situation.
1610:(pages 219–1427) by his son, Guru Gobind Singh. They cover a wide range of spiritual topics, including human attachments, the body, the mind, sorrow, dignity, service, death, and deliverance.
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Chandra writes that in contrast to this dominating theme in Sikh literature, some pre-modern Sikh accounts had laid the blame on an acrimonious succession dispute: Ram Rai, elder brother of
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Gurdwara Sisganj Sahib in Punjab marks the site where, in November 1675, the head of the martyred Guru Tegh Bahadur was cremated after being brought there by Bhai Jaita (renamed
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In August 1664, a Sikh congregation led by Diwan Dargha Mal, son of a well-known devotee of Har Krishan, arrived in Bakala and appointed Tegh Bahadur as the ninth guru of Sikhs.
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1458:(news reporter and intelligence agent) wrote to the Emperor Alamgir ... of their manner of activity, adding that if their authority increased they could become even refractory.
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written in 1723, claimed Tegh Bahadur's religious inclinations along with his life of splendor and conferral of sovereignty by his followers had him condemned and executed.
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1408:, a memoir of Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Tegh Bahadur's son, dated between late 1680s and late 1690s. Guru Tegh Bahadur's son and successor recalled the Guru's execution:
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1274:, the first Sikh guru. The places he visited and stayed in became sites of Sikh temples. During his travels, he started a number of community water wells and
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from Kashmir requested help against Aurangzeb's oppressive policies, and Guru Tegh Bahadur decided to protect their rights. According to Trilochan Singh in
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The execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur hardened the resolve of Sikhs against Muslim rule and persecution. Pashaura Singh states that "if the martyrdom of
1513:, was held to have instigated Aurangzeb against Tegh Bahadur by suggesting that he prove his spiritual greatness by performing miracles at the Court.
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was cut into pieces. Thereafter on 11 November, Tegh Bahadur was publicly beheaded in Chandni Chowk, a market square close to the Red Fort.
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in the foothills of the Himalayas. In 1672, Tegh Bahadur traveled in and around the Malwa region to meet the masses as the persecution of
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A mid-17th-century portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur painted by Ahsan, the royal painter of Shaista Khan, governor of Bengal, circa 1668–69
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had helped bring the Sikh Panth together, Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom helped to make the protection of human rights central to its
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were 500 in number and were led by a certain Pandit Kirpa Ram, who recounted tales of religious oppression under the governorship of
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now stands. There he helped end the war between Raja Ram Singh of Bengal and Raja Chakardwaj of Ahom state (later Assam).
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by Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Guru Tegh Bahadur was surrounded by armed bodyguards, but he otherwise lived an austere life.
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1636:, also in Delhi, is built where one of Guru Tegh Bahadur's disciples burned his house down to cremate the Guru's body.
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Mahalla nawan: compositions of Guru Tegh Bahādur-the ninth guru (from Sri Guru Granth Sahib): Bāṇī Gurū Tega Bahādara
1154:) in Amritsar on 1 April 1621. He was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth guru. His family belonged to the
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sitting on his throne, receiving the news of the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Guru’s companions,
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mentioned in a passage in the Bachittar Natak refer to Tegh Bahadur's own sacred thread and frontal mark.
1468:
Chandra cautions against taking Ghulam Husain's argument at face value, as Ghulam Husain was a relative of
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c. 1782, where Tegh Bahadur's (alleged) oppression of subjects is held to have incurred Aurangzeb's wrath:
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Sikh tradition has a legend about how Tegh Bahadur was selected as the ninth guru. A wealthy trader named
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In the 1640s, nearing his death, Guru Hargobind and his wife Nanaki moved to his ancestral village of
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3851:, Jeevan Singh Deol, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(2): 193–203, (Apr. – Jun., 2001)
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SK Chatterji (1975), Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Sis Ganj Gurdwara, Sikh Review, 23(264): 100–09
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concluded it to be the work of multiple court poets; there is a rough consensus to date the text.
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in Delhi mark the places of execution and cremation of Guru Tegh Bahadur. His day of martyrdom (
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The Sikh Ẓafar-nāmah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire
3352:
1613:
Guru Tegh Bahadur built the city of Anandpur Sahib and was responsible for saving a faction of
1345:. The Kashmiri Pandits decided to meet with the Guru after they first sought the assistance of
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Fenech, Louis E. (2001). "Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources".
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and acquired a large following, as a result, Aurangzeb had him executed. Muhammad Qasim's
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Many scholars identify the traditional Sikh narrative as follows: A congregation of Hindu
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After the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, a number of Sikh
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3547:"Guru Tegh Bahadur — the ninth Sikh guru who sacrificed himself for religious freedom"
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After his visit to Assam, Bengal, and Bihar, Guru Tegh Bahadur visited Rani Champa of
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Medieval Panjab in Transition Authority, Resistance and Spirituality C.1500 – C.1700
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Religious Violence Today: Faith and Conflict in the Modern World [2 Volumes]
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3508:"Guru Tegh Bahadur's Martyrdom Day 2022: 8 powerful quotes by the ninth Sikh Guru"
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Tegh Bahadur visited the towns of Mathura, Agra, Allahabad and Varanasi. His son,
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Fresco art depicting head of Guru Tegh Bahadar being brought to Anandpur by Sikhs
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When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799
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3670:"Guru Tegh Bahadur Martyrdom Day 2022: Revelation From Guru Granth Sahib Ji"
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The social space of language vernacular culture in British colonial Punjab
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Non-Canonical Compositions Attributed to the Seventh and Ninth Sikh Gurus
1754:
Guru Tegh Bahadur painting from the family workshop of Nainsukh of Guler.
1659:
formal, symbol-patterned community". It inaugurated the Khalsa identity.
1573:
1484:
1221:
1087:
1060:
895:
885:
833:
694:
519:
72:
6120:
1766:
Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur from the last quarter of the 19th century.
1673:
In India, 24 November is observed as Guru Tegh Bahadur's Martyrdom Day (
1337:, the convoy of Kashmiri Pandits who tearfully pleaded with the Guru at
4420:
4382:
4139:
3932:
1190:
1174:
1079:
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324:
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739:
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729:
699:
514:
479:
445:
229:
3418:
Guru Tegh Bahadur sacrificed his life for the sake of his own faith.
3229:. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Vikas Pub. House. p. 407.
1224:. When his followers asked who would lead them after him, he said, "
2945:
2133:
2104:
6544:
5945:
5808:
4927:
4903:
3927:
3761:"HP Government – Holidays – Government of Himachal Pradesh, India"
3376:
Fenech, Louis E. (2013). "The Historiography of the Ẓafar-nāmah".
1552:
1515:
1412:
In this dark age, Tegh Bahadur performed a great act of chivalry (
1393:
1377:
1346:
1313:
1286:
1267:
1263:
1182:
1155:
1114:
454:
342:
124:
90:
3283:
Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King
1993:
1531:
contemporary sources mentioned the persecution of Hindus there.
1258:
Guru Tegh Bahadur traveled extensively in different parts of the
4843:
1933:"Explained - The legacy of Guru Teg Bahadar and its revisionism"
1655:
1602:
6321:
6124:
4976:
4112:
3889:
3570:
Harbans Singh (1992), "History of Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib", in
1173:
Tegh Bahadur was brought up in the Sikh culture and trained in
4972:
4954:
2032:
2120:
Fenech, Louis E. (1997). "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition".
1074:; 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) was the ninth of ten
3695:"Letter from Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, U.T."
2368:
The Oxford encyclopedia of women in world history, Volume 2
1240:", meaning "I have found the Guru, I have found the Guru".
4108:
3018:
Pluralism and Democracy in India: Debating the Hindu Right
1246:
As had been the custom among Sikhs after the execution of
1382:
Painting depicting the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur in
3621:. C. Shackle, Inc OverDrive. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
3403:
Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk
2992:
Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk
2149:
McLeod, Hew (1999). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab".
1662:
In one of his poetic works, the classical Punjabi poet
3401:
Grewal, J. S. (2020). "New Perspectives and Sources".
3256:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II
2990:
Grewal, J. S. (2020). "New Perspectives and Sources".
1129:) is commemorated in India every year on 24 November.
3351:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
2372:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p.
1742:
Guru Tegh Bahadur, Pahari painting. Gouache on paper.
3461:. Allied Publishers. pp. xxviii–xxxiii, 15–27.
1647:) in defiance of the Mughal authority of Aurangzeb.
6578:
6537:
6513:
6452:
6314:
6246:
6210:
6160:
6058:
5829:
5789:
5747:
5721:
5661:
5455:
5448:
5412:
5340:
5314:
5282:
5249:
5216:
5173:
5065:
5056:
5010:
4965:
4842:
4586:
4464:
4396:
4278:
4228:
4159:
1606:(musical measures), and these were included in the
1402:The primary nucleus of Sikh narratives remains the
300:
290:
282:
277:
262:
257:
245:
212:
187:
173:
163:
153:
143:
133:
99:
54:
49:
23:
3074:Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prophet and Martyr: A Biography
2813:
2794:. Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. pp. 293–300.
2792:Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prophet and Martyr: A Biography
2660:Gobind Singh (Translated by Navtej Sarna) (2011).
2365:
1730:19th century painting depicting Guru Tegh Bahadur.
1706:Portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur in the Pahari style.
1624:were built in his and his associates' memory. The
1366:was thrown into a cauldron of boiling liquid, and
1181:. He was also taught the old classics such as the
3457:Tegh Bahadur (Translated by Gopal Singh) (2005).
1572:. Painting by Basahatullah, court painter of the
1166:(Brave Sword) after Tyag Mal showed valor in the
6663:People executed for refusing to convert to Islam
3430:Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2002).
3015:Doniger, Wendy; Nussbaum, Martha Craven (2015).
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2559:Guru Tegh Bahadur : testimony of conscience
2271:The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
2232:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6, 122–123.
1994:"The Ninth Master Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675)"
1285:, who would be the tenth Sikh guru, was born in
1082:and was the leader of Sikhs from 1665 until his
3837:Peer reviewed publications on Guru Tegh Bahadur
2851:. Oxford University Press. pp. 33, 36–37.
2531:History of the Sikhs: The Sikh Gurus, 1469–1708
2190:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)
1960:. Manchester University Press. pp. 32–33.
1883:The Routledge handbook of religion and security
1788:considered the work to be Guru Gobind Singh's,
1632:, Delhi, was built over where he was beheaded.
1451:
1410:
2884:Pashaura Singh (2014). Louis E. Fenech (ed.).
2268:William Owen Cole; Piara Singh Sambhi (1995).
2182:
2180:
6333:
6136:
4988:
4124:
3901:
3163:Chandavarkar, Rajnayaran (3 September 2009).
3076:. Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p. 311.
2890:. Oxford University Press. pp. 236–238.
2514:Singh, Fauja; Talib, Gurbachan Singh (1975).
2064:. Oxford University Press. pp. 236–238.
1020:
8:
6678:17th-century executions by the Mughal Empire
6570:List of places named after Guru Gobind Singh
1694:Guru Tegh Bahadur, fresco from Qila Mubarak.
1617:, who were being persecuted by the Mughals.
1094:, India in 1621 and was the youngest son of
3169:. Cambridge University Press. p. 192.
3139:. Indian History Congress. pp. 12–13.
1718:18th century painting of Guru Tegh Bahadur.
1600:Guru Tegh Bahadur composed 116 hymns in 15
1105:Tegh Bahadur was executed on the orders of
196:Executed under the reign of Mughal Emperor
6340:
6326:
6318:
6143:
6129:
6121:
5452:
5062:
4995:
4981:
4973:
4131:
4117:
4109:
3908:
3894:
3886:
3854:
3653:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3649:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3436:. Cambridge University Press. p. 21.
3226:Encyclopaedia of Sikh religion and culture
2994:. Oxford University Press. pp. 9–10.
2687:Guru Tegh Bahadur: testimony of conscience
2639:. Discovery Publishing House. p. 88.
2466:Guru Tegh Bahadur: testimony of conscience
2151:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
1027:
1013:
311:
38:
20:
5304:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
3286:. Stanford University Press. p. 48.
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3072:Singh, Trilochan (1967). "Chapter XXIV".
2790:Singh, Trilochan (1967). "Chapter XXII".
2459:
2457:
2274:. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 32–35.
2157:(sup001). Taylor & Francis: 155–165.
2128:(4). American Oriental Society: 623–642.
6698:Executions of Sikhs by the Mughal Empire
6688:People executed by India by decapitation
3587:On Understanding Islam: Selected Studies
3380:. Oxford University Press. p. 108.
3021:. Oxford University Press. p. 261.
2934:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2605:
2603:
2440:. Atlantic Publishers. pp. 621–22.
2122:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2093:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2058:Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014).
2029:"Religions – Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur"
2023:
2021:
2019:
1957:Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism
1910:. Atlantic Publishers. pp. 653–91.
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1835:Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech (2014).
1588:
1358:were tortured to death in front of him:
1038:
3259:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 296.
2820:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
2586:. Hemkunt Publishers. pp. 139–40.
2552:
2550:
2099:(1). American Oriental Society: 20–31.
1822:
1777:
1684:
1193:. He was married on 3 February 1632 to
323:
3642:
3330:
3318:
3306:
3204:from the original on 18 September 2021
3040:
3038:
2785:
2783:
2207:from the original on 20 September 2020
1830:
1828:
1826:
3540:
3538:
3248:
3246:
3194:"Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin – Banglapedia"
2985:
2983:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2664:. Penguin Books. pp. xviii–xix.
2518:. Punjabi University. pp. 24–26.
2516:Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and Teacher
2305:
2303:
2263:
2261:
1974:from the original on 18 February 2020
1931:Singh, Harmeet Shah (21 April 2022).
1670:", an honorific title for a warrior.
1335:Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet and Martyr
1102:, which is the main text of Sikhism.
1069:
7:
3771:from the original on 1 November 2016
3166:History, Culture and the Indian City
1666:, referred to Guru Tegh Bahadur as "
1463:Ghulam Husain, Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin
1295:Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib
2968:from the original on 6 October 2018
2887:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
2689:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 25–27.
2561:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 37–41.
2468:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 13–15.
2310:Bhatia, H.S.; Bakshi, S.R. (2000).
2061:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
2004:from the original on 7 January 2019
1885:. New York: Routledge. p. 96.
1837:The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies
1278:(community kitchens for the poor).
3731:"LIST OF RESTRICTED HOLIDAYS 2016"
2930:"Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition"
2714:. Hemkunt Publishers. p. 21.
2493:. Hemkunt Publishers. p. 85.
2229:Sikhism: a Very Short Introduction
2039:from the original on 14 April 2017
1805:Ghulam Muhiuddin Bute Shah in his
1784:The authorship is disputed. While
14:
3872:20 March 1665 – 24 November 1675
3572:Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Volume 1
3545:John, Rachel (24 November 2019).
3136:Sikh History From Persian Sources
2403:. Hemkunt Press. pp. 21–22.
2246:from the original on 9 March 2017
16:Ninth Sikh guru from 1665 to 1675
6673:17th-century Indian philosophers
6624:
6616:
6107:
6106:
6098:
5909:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
3917:Writers of the Guru Granth Sahib
3822:
3808:
3794:
3280:Truschke, Audrey (16 May 2017).
2739:. Lotus Press. pp. 121–24.
2614:. Lotus Press. pp. 187–89.
2316:. Deep & Deep Publications.
2288:from the original on 28 May 2020
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1308:. There, he founded the city of
994:
331:
273:(1635) Skirmish Of Dhubri (1669)
249:
6278:Battle of Anandpur Sahib (1701)
6099:
4950:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
3102:"Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom"
2904:from the original on 4 May 2019
2865:from the original on 4 May 2019
2637:Sikhism and Indian civilization
2417:from the original on 4 May 2019
2343:. Scarecrow Press. p. 88.
2078:from the original on 4 May 2019
1535:his own faith, saying that the
6003:Sikhism and sexual orientation
2337:McLeod, W. H. (24 July 2009).
2193:. Hemkunt Press. p. 169.
1071:[gʊɾuːt̯eːɣbəɦaːd̯ʊɾᵊ]
1:
6375:Chandi Charitar Ukat(i) Bilas
3668:NEWS, SA (24 November 2022).
3590:. Walter De Gruyter. p.
1289:in 1666 while he was away in
1270:, to preach the teachings of
1212:Installation as Guru of Sikhs
3615:Bullhe Shāh,?-1758? (2015).
3486:. Lotus Press. p. 170.
2533:. Vol. 1. p. 188.
2438:History of Sikh gurus retold
1908:History of Sikh gurus retold
1238:Guru ladho re, Guru ladho re
1117:, India. Sikh holy premises
3405:. Oxford University Press.
2712:The encyclopedia of Sikhism
2584:The encyclopedia of Sikhism
2491:The encyclopedia of Sikhism
1426:Bachittar Natak: Apni Katha
1142:Guru Tegh Bahadur was born
964:Sikhism and other religions
643:
634:
625:
6719:
6530:Jamshed Khan and Wasil Beg
5363:British East India Company
3433:A Concise History of India
3051:. Routledge. p. 384.
2760:Jerryson, Michael (2020).
2313:The Sikh Gurus and Sikhism
1809:reiterates this narrative.
193:Hymns to Guru Granth Sahib
6614:
6355:
6294:Battle of Chamkaur (1704)
6289:Battle of Anandpur (1704)
6096:
5775:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
5755:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
5704:Johann Martin Honigberger
5563:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
4146:
3923:
3874:
3865:
3857:
3484:The history of Sikh gurus
2928:Fenech, Louis E. (1997).
2766:. Abc-Clio. p. 684.
2737:The history of Sikh gurus
2612:The history of Sikh gurus
2163:10.1080/00856408708723379
1634:Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib
1594:Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib
1498:, the court historian of
1151:
1123:Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib
138:Execution by decapitation
37:
30:
6586:Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib
6299:Battle of Bichhora Sahib
6272:First Battle of Anandpur
5765:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
5760:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
3253:Chandra, Satish (2005).
3045:Singh, Surinder (2022).
2685:Kohli, Mohindar (1992).
2557:Kohli, Mohindar (1992).
2464:Kohli, Mohindar (1992).
2226:Eleanor Nesbitt (2016).
1119:Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib
1086:in 1675. He was born in
31:
6284:Battle of Basoli (1702)
5770:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
5648:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
4573:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
2845:Purnima Dhavan (2011).
2816:The Sikhs of the Punjab
2436:Gandhi, Surjit (2007).
1906:Gandhi, Surjit (2007).
1626:Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib
1045:Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib
447:Selected revered saints
223:("Shield of The World")
6668:Executed Indian people
6266:Battle of Guler (1696)
5603:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
5588:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
5578:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
5558:Sher Singh Attariwalla
5553:Sham Singh Attariwalla
5449:Officials and warriors
5358:Emirate of Afghanistan
5264:Battle of Chillianwala
4489:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
4238:Beliefs and principles
3584:Wilfred Smith (1981).
3482:Singh, Prithi (2006).
2735:Singh, Prithi (2006).
2610:Singh, Prithi (2006).
2364:Smith, Bonnie (2008).
1881:Seiple, Chris (2013).
1597:
1581:
1522:
1466:
1430:
1399:
1391:
1067:Punjabi pronunciation:
1047:
941:Jathedar of Akal Takht
267:Early Mughal-Sikh Wars
6606:Gurdwara Paonta Sahib
6596:Takht Sri Patna Sahib
6591:Takht Sri Hazur Sahib
5941:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
5684:François Henri Mouton
5674:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
5513:Khushal Singh Jamadar
5300:Panchayati Revolution
5296:Hill States–Sikh Wars
5251:Second Anglo-Sikh War
4563:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
3223:Dogra, R. C. (1995).
3133:Grewal, J.S. (2001).
2812:J. S. Grewal (1998).
2710:Singha, H.S. (2000).
2582:Singha, H.S. (2000).
2489:Singha, H.S. (2000).
2340:The A to Z of Sikhism
2187:H. S. Singha (2000).
1954:W. H. McLeod (1984).
1592:
1580:, circa 19th century.
1556:
1519:
1502:, in his magisterial
1443:Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin
1397:
1381:
1316:reached new heights.
1170:against the Mughals.
1042:
283:Period in office
6693:Indian city founders
6683:People from Amritsar
5722:Influential families
5679:Claude Auguste Court
5669:Jean-François Allard
5583:Surat Singh Majithia
5573:Lehna Singh Majithia
5378:Hill States Alliance
5231:Battle of Ferozeshah
5218:First Anglo-Sikh War
4938:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
4916:Piara Singh Bhaniara
4795:United Arab Emirates
4533:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
4263:Cannabis and Sikhism
3343:Mir, Farina (2010).
2635:Pruthi, Raj (2004).
2397:H.S. Singha (2005).
1585:Legacy and memorials
971:Sikhism and Hinduism
6013:Idolatry in Sikhism
5931:Nanakshahi calendar
5926:Sikh Light Infantry
5568:Amar Singh Majithia
5503:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
5294:, Katoch–Sikh War,
3845:Ranbir Singh (1975)
3735:Arunachalipr.gov.in
3114:on 28 February 2002
2529:H.R. Gupta (1994).
1790:Gurinder Singh Mann
1293:, Assam, where the
1260:Indian subcontinent
1168:Battle of Kartarpur
1001:Religion portal
981:Sikhism and Jainism
931:Nanakshahi calendar
271:Battle of Kartarpur
6505:Prasadi (elephant)
6254:Battle of Bhangani
6228:Guru Maneyo Granth
5914:11th Sikh Regiment
5729:Sandhawalia family
5643:Sultan Mahmud Khan
5628:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
5613:Sangat Singh Saini
5508:Dewan Mokham Chand
5383:Kingdom of Mankera
5259:Battle of Ramnagar
5203:Battle of Peshawar
5198:Battle of Nowshera
5075:Battle of Bhangani
4553:Nanak Shahi bricks
4456:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
4248:Sikh Rehat Maryada
4243:Guru Maneyo Granth
3741:on 8 November 2016
3514:. 23 November 2022
3198:en.banglapedia.org
1598:
1582:
1526:Scholarly analysis
1523:
1447:Ghulam Husain Khan
1400:
1392:
1233:Makhan Shah Labana
1057:: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ
1048:
685:Sikh Rehat Maryada
652:Guru Maneyo Granth
6633:
6632:
6448:
6447:
6410:Sabad patshahi 10
6380:Chandi Charitar 2
6305:Battle of Muktsar
6168:Guru Tegh Bahadur
6153:Guru Gobind Singh
6118:
6117:
5799:Bandi Chhor Divas
5783:
5782:
5717:
5716:
5689:Alexander Gardner
5608:Kahan Singh Nakai
5593:Akali Phula Singh
5473:Diwan Bhawani Das
5310:
5309:
5241:Battle of Sobraon
5193:Battle of Shopian
4678:Jammu and Kashmir
4578:Well of Dina Nath
4406:Guru Granth Sahib
4219:Guru Granth Sahib
4214:Guru Gobind Singh
4209:Guru Tegh Bahadur
4106:
4105:
4098:Guru Tegh Bahadur
3884:
3883:
3878:Guru Gobind Singh
3875:Succeeded by
3843:Guru Tegh Bahadur
3628:978-0-674-25966-9
3493:978-81-8382-075-2
3468:978-81-7764-897-3
3443:978-0-521-63974-3
3362:978-0-520-26269-0
3293:978-1-5036-0259-5
3266:978-81-241-1066-9
3236:978-0-7069-8368-5
3176:978-1-139-48044-4
3146:978-81-89487-18-8
3100:Chandra, Satish.
3028:978-0-19-539553-2
2897:978-0-19-100411-7
2858:978-0-19-987717-1
2831:978-0-521-63764-0
2746:978-81-8382-075-2
2721:978-81-7010-301-1
2696:978-81-7201-234-2
2671:978-0-670-08556-9
2646:978-81-7141-879-4
2621:978-81-8382-075-2
2593:978-81-7010-301-1
2568:978-81-7201-234-2
2500:978-81-7010-301-1
2475:978-81-7201-234-2
2447:978-81-269-0858-5
2410:978-81-7010-245-8
2383:978-0-19-514890-9
2350:978-0-8108-6344-6
2281:978-1-898723-13-4
2239:978-0-19-874557-0
2200:978-81-7010-301-1
2071:978-0-19-969930-8
1917:978-81-269-0858-5
1892:978-0-415-66744-9
1846:978-0-19-969930-8
1608:Guru Granth Sahib
1504:Umdat ut Tawarikh
1422:Guru Gobind Singh
1362:was sawn in two,
1283:Guru Gobind Singh
1206:Amritsar district
1100:Guru Granth Sahib
1064:
1051:Guru Tegh Bahadur
1043:Interior view of
1037:
1036:
976:Sikhism and Islam
906:Nirgun and Sargun
784:Guru Granth Sahib
433:Guru Granth Sahib
428:Guru Gobind Singh
423:Guru Tegh Bahadur
310:
309:
305:Guru Gobind Singh
168:Guru Gobind Singh
25:Guru Tegh Bahadur
6710:
6628:
6620:
6425:Shastar Nam Mala
6342:
6335:
6328:
6319:
6260:Battle of Nadaun
6145:
6138:
6131:
6122:
6110:
6109:
6102:
6101:
6038:Punjabi language
5998:Women in Sikhism
5538:Balbhadra Kunwar
5498:Hari Singh Nalwa
5488:Misr Diwan Chand
5478:Diwan Buta Singh
5453:
5393:Barakzai dynasty
5368:Kingdom of Nepal
5322:Sikh Khalsa Army
5274:Battle of Gujrat
5236:Battle of Aliwal
5208:Battle of Jamrud
5188:Battle of Multan
5183:Battle of Attock
5175:Afghan–Sikh wars
5067:Mughal-Sikh Wars
5063:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4974:
4854:Sects of Sikhism
4820:Northern Ireland
4548:Moti Bagh Palace
4523:Bahadurgarh Fort
4221:(Sikh holy book)
4204:Guru Har Krishan
4133:
4126:
4119:
4110:
3993:Bhagat Trilochan
3963:Bhagat Parmanand
3910:
3903:
3896:
3887:
3861:Guru Har Krishan
3858:Preceded by
3855:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3818:
3816:Biography portal
3813:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3767:. 13 June 2016.
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3737:. Archived from
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3711:on 6 August 2016
3710:
3704:. Archived from
3699:
3691:
3685:
3684:
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3640:
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3209:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3110:. Archived from
3097:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2987:
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2328:
2327:
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2298:
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2295:
2293:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2145:
2116:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2025:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1878:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1810:
1807:Tarikh- i-Punjab
1803:
1797:
1782:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1641:Bhai Jiwan Singh
1615:Kashmiri Pandits
1521:since been lost.
1511:Guru Har Krishan
1464:
1428:
1355:Kashmiri Pandits
1218:Guru Har Krishan
1153:
1078:who founded the
1073:
1068:
1058:
1029:
1022:
1015:
999:
998:
965:
880:
827:
821:
776:
678:
646:
637:
628:
610:
525:Bhagat Trilochan
495:Bhagat Parmanand
448:
418:Guru Har Krishan
376:
335:
312:
295:Guru Har Krishan
278:Religious career
258:Military service
253:
226:Dharam-di-Chadar
221:Srisht-di-Chadar
213:Other names
128:
110:
108:
103:11 November 1675
94:
69:
67:
42:
21:
6718:
6717:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6638:
6637:
6634:
6629:
6610:
6574:
6533:
6509:
6490:Baba Deep Singh
6470:Bhai Mani Singh
6444:
6430:Charitropakhyan
6351:
6346:
6310:
6242:
6206:
6185:Mata Sahib Kaur
6156:
6149:
6119:
6114:
6092:
6054:
5825:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5743:
5734:Majithia family
5713:
5694:Paolo Avitabile
5657:
5638:Fakir Azizuddin
5548:Mehta Basti Ram
5468:Diwan Dina Nath
5444:
5408:
5388:Namgyal dynasty
5336:
5315:Military forces
5306:
5278:
5269:Siege of Multan
5245:
5226:Battle of Mudki
5212:
5169:
5058:
5052:
5028:Nau Nihal Singh
5006:
5001:
4961:
4846:and communities
4845:
4838:
4582:
4568:Ramgarhia Bunga
4479:Harmandir Sahib
4460:
4392:
4274:
4270:Diet in Sikhism
4224:
4155:
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3674:SA News Channel
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3512:Hindustan Times
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2017:
2007:
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1992:
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1683:
1587:
1566:Bhai Dayala Das
1547:Barbara Metcalf
1528:
1465:
1462:
1429:
1420:
1405:Bachittar Natak
1376:
1351:Amarnath shrine
1327:
1322:
1256:
1216:In March 1664,
1214:
1140:
1135:
1066:
1033:
993:
986:
985:
966:
963:
956:
955:
881:
876:
869:
868:
839:Harmandir Sahib
829:
825:
819:
811:
810:
778:
774:
766:
765:
680:
676:
668:
667:
612:
608:
600:
599:
470:Bhagat Ramanand
450:
446:
438:
437:
378:
374:
269:
233:
224:
219:
217:
129:
122:
121:
112:
106:
104:
95:
84:
83:
70:
65:
63:
61:
60:
45:
33:
32:ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6716:
6714:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6640:
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6631:
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6622:Sikhism portal
6615:
6612:
6611:
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6593:
6588:
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6550:Anandpur Sahib
6547:
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6539:
6535:
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6532:
6531:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6495:Pir Budhu Shah
6492:
6487:
6482:
6480:Mata Bhag Kaur
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6449:
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6443:
6442:
6437:
6432:
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6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6395:Chaubis Avatar
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6370:Bachitar Natak
6367:
6362:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6345:
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5711:
5709:Henry Lawrence
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5656:
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5653:Sohan Lal Suri
5650:
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5625:
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5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5404:Maqpon Dynasty
5401:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5353:Durrani Empire
5350:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5288:Nepal–Sikh War
5286:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5247:
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4962:
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4957:
4947:
4942:
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4940:
4935:
4933:Damdami Taksal
4925:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
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4800:United Kingdom
4797:
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4772:
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4462:
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4459:
4458:
4453:
4451:Sukhmani Sahib
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4416:Sarbloh Granth
4413:
4408:
4402:
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4345:
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4335:
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4305:
4300:
4295:
4293:Sikh practices
4290:
4284:
4282:
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4275:
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4266:
4265:
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4194:Guru Hargobind
4191:
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3990:
3985:
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3978:Bhagat Sadhana
3975:
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3948:Bhagat Bhikhan
3945:
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3935:
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3859:
3853:
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3839:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3819:
3805:
3789:
3788:External links
3786:
3783:
3782:
3752:
3722:
3686:
3660:
3627:
3607:
3601:978-9027934482
3600:
3576:
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3492:
3474:
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3422:
3411:
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3386:
3368:
3361:
3335:
3323:
3321:, p. 110.
3311:
3309:, p. 105.
3299:
3292:
3272:
3265:
3242:
3235:
3215:
3185:
3175:
3155:
3145:
3125:
3079:
3064:
3057:
3034:
3027:
3007:
3000:
2979:
2946:10.2307/606445
2915:
2896:
2876:
2857:
2837:
2830:
2797:
2779:
2772:
2752:
2745:
2727:
2720:
2702:
2695:
2677:
2670:
2652:
2645:
2627:
2620:
2599:
2592:
2574:
2567:
2546:
2539:
2521:
2506:
2499:
2481:
2474:
2453:
2446:
2428:
2409:
2389:
2382:
2356:
2349:
2329:
2322:
2299:
2280:
2257:
2238:
2218:
2199:
2176:
2134:10.2307/606445
2105:10.2307/606726
2070:
2050:
2015:
1985:
1966:
1946:
1923:
1916:
1898:
1891:
1862:
1852:
1845:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1798:
1794:Purnima Dhavan
1776:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:Shaheedi Diwas
1586:
1583:
1550:the execution.
1527:
1524:
1496:Sohan Lal Suri
1460:
1435:Satish Chandra
1418:
1375:
1374:Historiography
1372:
1364:Bhai Dayal Das
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1310:Anandpur Sahib
1255:
1252:
1213:
1210:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1127:Shaheedi Divas
1096:Guru Hargobind
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
988:
987:
984:
983:
978:
973:
967:
962:
961:
958:
957:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
882:
878:General topics
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
849:Keshgarh Sahib
846:
841:
836:
830:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
801:
798:Sarbloh Granth
794:
787:
779:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
681:
674:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
660:
655:
648:
639:
630:
621:
613:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
490:Bhagat Bhikhan
487:
485:Bhagat Sadhana
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
460:Bhagat Ravidas
457:
451:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
408:Guru Hargobind
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
379:
372:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
337:
336:
328:
327:
321:
320:
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
275:
274:
264:
260:
259:
255:
254:
247:
243:
242:
235:Hind-di-Chadar
214:
210:
209:
208:
207:
205:Anandpur Sahib
201:
194:
189:
188:Known for
185:
184:
178:Guru Hargobind
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
134:Cause of death
131:
130:
113:
111:(aged 54)
101:
97:
96:
71:
58:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6715:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6636:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6613:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6560:Muktsar Sahib
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6500:Neela (horse)
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6485:Bhai Kanhaiya
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6475:Banda Bahadur
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6460:Bhai Nand Lal
6458:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6420:Khalsa Mahima
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6385:Chandi Di Var
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6343:
6338:
6336:
6331:
6329:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6313:
6306:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6239:
6238:The 52 Hukams
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6194:Zorawar Singh
6191:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6146:
6141:
6139:
6134:
6132:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6113:
6105:
6095:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6078:Kesgarh Sahib
6076:
6074:
6073:Damdama Sahib
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6048:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5921:Sikh Regiment
5919:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5739:Tiwana family
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5699:Josiah Harlan
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:Jawahar Singh
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5518:Zorawar Singh
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:Harkishangarh
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5348:Mughal Empire
5346:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5292:Sino-Sikh war
5289:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Gurdas Nangal
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:Chappar Chiri
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4993:
4991:
4986:
4984:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Agrahari Sikh
4921:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4844:Groups, sects
4841:
4833:
4832:U.S. Military
4830:
4829:
4828:
4827:United States
4825:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:Khanda museum
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4515:
4514:North America
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4343:Three Pillars
4341:
4339:
4338:Antam Sanskar
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Amrit Sanchar
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4253:The 52 Hukams
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:Guru Amar Das
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Bhatt Mathura
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Bhatt Harbans
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:Bhatt Kalshar
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Guru Amar Das
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3953:Bhagat Dhanna
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3869:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3830:Punjab portal
3820:
3817:
3806:
3803:
3792:
3787:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3412:9780199494941
3408:
3404:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3387:9780199931439
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3339:
3336:
3333:, p. 13.
3332:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3216:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3142:
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1562:Bhai Mati Das
1559:
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1470:Alivardi Khan
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1384:Chandni Chowk
1380:
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1369:
1368:Bhai Sati Das
1365:
1361:
1360:Bhai Mati Das
1356:
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1348:
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1343:Iftikhar Khan
1340:
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854:Damdama Sahib
852:
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761:Antam Sanskar
759:
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751:Amrit Sanskar
749:
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570:Bhatt Mathura
568:
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555:Bhatt Harbans
553:
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548:
546:
543:
541:
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536:
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531:
530:Bhatt Kalshar
528:
526:
523:
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520:Bhagat Jaidev
518:
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515:Bhagat Surdas
513:
511:
508:
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505:Bhagat Dhanna
503:
501:
498:
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480:Bhagat Namdev
478:
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393:Guru Amar Das
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126:
123:(present-day
120:
119:Mughal Empire
116:
102:
98:
92:
88:
85:(present-day
82:
81:Mughal Empire
78:
74:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
29:
22:
19:
6703:Sikh martyrs
6635:
6621:
6555:Paonta Sahib
6390:Gian Parbodh
6349:Dasam Granth
6190:Jujhar Singh
6181:Mata Sundari
6167:
6050:Sacred trees
5831:Other topics
5804:Hola Mohalla
5633:Ilahi Bakhsh
5493:Diwan Mulraj
5483:Pratap Singh
5440:Zorawar Fort
5095:2nd Anandpur
5090:1st Anandpur
5048:Duleep Singh
5023:Kharak Singh
5018:Ranjit Singh
4911:Mazhabi Sikh
4770:South Africa
4538:Kesgarh Qila
4484:Janam Asthan
4466:Architecture
4411:Dasam Granth
4378:Charhdi Kala
4258:Prohibitions
4208:
4199:Guru Har Rai
4184:Guru Ram Das
4097:
4063:Bhatt Gayand
4023:Guru Ram Das
3866:
3802:India portal
3773:. Retrieved
3764:
3755:
3743:. Retrieved
3739:the original
3734:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3706:the original
3701:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3673:
3663:
3617:
3610:
3586:
3579:
3571:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3550:
3528:
3516:. Retrieved
3511:
3502:
3483:
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3458:
3452:
3432:
3425:
3416:
3402:
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3371:
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3338:
3326:
3314:
3302:
3282:
3275:
3255:
3225:
3218:
3208:18 September
3206:. Retrieved
3197:
3188:
3180:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3135:
3128:
3116:. Retrieved
3112:the original
3105:
3073:
3067:
3047:
3017:
3010:
2991:
2970:. Retrieved
2937:
2933:
2906:. Retrieved
2886:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2847:
2840:
2815:
2791:
2762:
2755:
2736:
2730:
2711:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2661:
2655:
2636:
2630:
2611:
2583:
2577:
2558:
2530:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2490:
2484:
2465:
2437:
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2400:Sikh Studies
2399:
2392:
2367:
2359:
2339:
2332:
2312:
2290:. Retrieved
2270:
2248:. Retrieved
2228:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2189:
2154:
2150:
2125:
2121:
2096:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2060:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2006:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1956:
1949:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1907:
1901:
1882:
1855:
1836:
1806:
1801:
1786:W. H. McLeod
1780:
1674:
1672:
1661:
1649:
1638:
1619:
1612:
1601:
1599:
1570:Chandi Chowk
1545:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1508:
1503:
1500:Ranjit Singh
1493:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1467:
1455:
1452:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1425:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1401:
1334:
1328:
1299:
1280:
1275:
1262:, including
1257:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1199:
1179:horsemanship
1172:
1164:Tegh Bahadur
1163:
1146:(Tīāg Mal) (
1143:
1141:
1126:
1113:emperor, in
1109:, the sixth
1104:
1050:
1049:
803:
796:
791:Dasam Granth
789:
782:
690:Prohibitions
663:Five Virtues
658:Five Thieves
650:
644:Charhdi Kalā
616:
550:Bhatt Gayand
465:Bhagat Farid
455:Bhagat Kabir
422:
413:Guru Har Rai
398:Guru Ram Das
263:Battles/wars
237:("Shield of
234:
228:("Shield of
225:
220:
216:Ninth Master
77:Lahore Subah
62:1 April 1621
18:
6653:1675 deaths
6648:1621 births
6405:Rudar Avtar
6400:Brahm Avtar
6247:The Warrior
6233:The Five Ks
6198:Fateh Singh
6088:Patna Sahib
6083:Hazur Sahib
5618:Hukma Singh
5533:Gulab Singh
5463:Dhian Singh
5435:Lahore Fort
5425:Multan Fort
5420:Jamrud Fort
5373:Qing Empire
5341:Adversaries
5327:Fauj-i-Khas
5004:Sikh Empire
4967:Sikh Empire
4945:Singh Sabha
4874:Nanakpanthi
4785:Switzerland
4775:South Korea
4735:New Zealand
4730:Netherlands
4601:Afghanistan
4431:Japji Sahib
4363:The Five Ks
4358:Vand Chhako
4323:Anand Karaj
4078:Bhatt Kirat
4073:Bhatt Jalap
4058:Bhatt Bhika
4053:Bhatt Bhalh
4038:Balvand Rai
4013:Baba Sundar
3983:Bhagat Sain
3968:Bhagat Pipa
3943:Bhagat Beni
3679:24 November
3618:Sufi lyrics
3518:24 November
3331:Grewal 2001
3319:Grewal 2001
3307:Grewal 2001
2292:23 November
2008:23 November
1978:14 November
1937:India Today
1664:Bulleh Shah
1568:at Delhi’s
1494:Chronicler
1456:waqia navis
1314:non-Muslims
1226:Baba Bakala
1220:contracted
864:Hazur Sahib
859:Patna Sahib
756:Anand Karaj
715:The Five Ks
635:Vand Chakkō
595:Balvand Rai
585:Baba Sundar
565:Bhatt Kirat
560:Bhatt Jalap
545:Bhatt Bhika
540:Bhatt Bhalh
510:Bhagat Pipa
500:Bhagat Sain
475:Bhagat Beni
291:Predecessor
218:Ninth Nanak
203:Founder of
182:Mata Nanaki
6658:Sikh gurus
6642:Categories
6601:Nada Sahib
6579:Gurudwaras
6526:Wazir Khan
6465:Panj Pyare
6453:Associates
6435:Zafarnamah
6415:33 Swayyae
6365:Akal Ustat
6360:Jaap Sahib
6223:Panj Pyare
6211:The Leader
6202:Ajit Singh
6172:Mata Gujri
6068:Akal Takht
6008:In Fiction
5993:Ravidassia
5961:Dharamyudh
5884:Literature
5874:Panj Pyare
5814:Mela Maghi
5662:Foreigners
5623:Veer Singh
5598:Chandu Lal
5332:Fauj-i-Ain
5038:Sher Singh
5033:Chand Kaur
4889:Sewapanthi
4616:Bangladesh
4588:By country
4558:Pul Kanjri
4528:Fateh Burj
4441:Jaap Sahib
4426:Mul Mantar
4348:Kirat Karo
4333:Amrit Velā
4318:Naam Karan
4298:Sikh rites
4230:Philosophy
4189:Guru Arjan
4174:Guru Angad
4169:Guru Nanak
4093:Bhatt Salh
4088:Bhatt Nalh
4048:Bhatt Balh
4033:Satta Doom
4028:Guru Arjan
4018:Baba Farid
4003:Guru Angad
3998:Guru Nanak
3775:20 October
3745:20 October
3715:20 October
3702:Dnh.nic.in
3637:1240164691
3556:25 January
3118:20 October
2972:2 December
2940:(4): 633.
2323:8176291307
2211:30 October
2043:20 October
1817:References
1652:Guru Arjan
1645:Sikh rites
1622:gurudwaras
1489:Ibratnama,
1272:Guru Nanak
1248:Guru Arjan
1189:, and the
1187:Upanishads
1138:Early life
916:Literature
901:Panj Pyare
844:Akal Takht
805:Five Banis
746:Naam Karan
705:Amrit Velā
626:Kirat Karō
609:Philosophy
590:Satta Doom
580:Bhatt Salh
575:Bhatt Nalh
535:Bhatt Balh
403:Guru Arjan
388:Guru Angad
383:Guru Nanak
375:Sikh gurus
158:Mata Gujri
107:1675-11-12
6521:Aurangzeb
6514:Opponents
6315:The Saint
6177:Mata Jito
6018:Criticism
5936:Ramananda
5791:Festivals
5528:Lal Singh
5523:Tej Singh
5400:of Poonch
5150:Jalalabad
5059:conflicts
5043:Jind Kaur
4884:Nirankari
4765:Singapore
4695:Indonesia
4631:Vancouver
4606:Australia
4398:Scripture
4353:Naam Japo
4280:Practices
3973:Ramananda
3868:Sikh Guru
3645:cite book
3574:, pg. 547
3107:The Hindu
2954:0003-0279
2908:24 August
2869:24 August
2662:Zafarnama
2171:0085-6401
1998:sikhs.org
1860:Mughals."
1558:Aurangzeb
1475:The Sikh
1325:Narrative
1320:Execution
1133:Biography
1107:Aurangzeb
1084:beheading
936:Criticism
775:Scripture
677:Practices
618:Naam Japo
301:Successor
286:1664–1675
246:Signature
198:Aurangzeb
174:Parent(s)
6565:Chamkaur
6440:Hikayats
6112:Category
6042:Gurmukhī
6033:Punjabis
5976:Hinduism
5904:Politics
5864:Waheguru
5859:Ik Onkar
5821:Vaisakhi
5748:Treaties
5130:Sadhaura
5100:Chamkaur
5057:Military
4899:Ramraiya
4869:Namdhari
4810:Scotland
4790:Thailand
4750:Pakistan
4720:Malaysia
4596:Diaspora
4474:Gurdwara
4149:Glossary
3958:Jayadeva
3769:Archived
3551:ThePrint
3202:Archived
2966:Archived
2902:Archived
2863:Archived
2415:Archived
2286:Archived
2244:Archived
2205:Archived
2076:Archived
2037:Archived
2002:Archived
1972:Archived
1574:Maharaja
1461:—
1419:—
1339:Anandpur
1302:Bilaspur
1254:Journeys
1222:smallpox
1158:clan of
1144:Tyag Mal
1088:Amritsar
1061:Gurmukhi
896:Waheguru
886:Ik Onkar
834:Gurdwara
742:(Turban)
363:Glossary
317:a series
315:Part of
164:Children
144:Religion
73:Amritsar
59:Tyag Mal
50:Personal
6274:,(1700)
6262:,(1687)
6256:,(1688)
6104:Outline
6028:History
5971:Jainism
5844:Culture
5839:History
5456:Natives
5398:Sudhans
5145:Lohgarh
5125:Sirhind
5115:Sonepat
5110:Muktsar
4894:Nirmala
4805:England
4663:Germany
4653:Finland
4643:Denmark
4621:Belgium
4611:Austria
4436:Chaupai
4421:Gurbani
4383:Dasvand
4153:History
4140:Sikhism
3933:Ravidas
2421:28 June
2250:9 March
2082:12 June
1681:Gallery
1596:, Delhi
1485:Padshah
1349:at the
1331:Pandits
1276:langars
1191:Puranas
1175:archery
1160:Khatris
1152:ਤਿਆਗ ਮਲ
1148:Punjabi
1055:Punjabi
710:Dasvand
358:History
353:Outline
325:Sikhism
148:Sikhism
105: (
66:1621-04
64: (
6538:Places
6218:Khalsa
6161:Family
6023:Punjab
5956:Dastar
5951:Sardar
5899:Places
5869:Khanda
5283:Others
5120:Samana
5085:Basoli
5080:Nadaun
5011:Rulers
4879:Nihang
4859:Khalsa
4780:Sweden
4760:Poland
4755:Panama
4745:Norway
4688:Punjab
4668:Greece
4658:France
4626:Canada
4509:Europe
4499:Africa
4446:Rehras
4388:Jhatka
4368:Simran
4313:Langar
4308:Kirtan
4288:Khalsa
3938:Namdev
3635:
3625:
3598:
3490:
3465:
3440:
3409:
3384:
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3263:
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3173:
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2960:
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2828:
2770:
2743:
2718:
2693:
2668:
2643:
2618:
2590:
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2537:
2497:
2472:
2444:
2407:
2380:
2347:
2320:
2278:
2236:
2197:
2169:
2142:606445
2140:
2113:606726
2111:
2068:
1964:
1914:
1889:
1843:
1477:sakhis
1306:rupees
1291:Dhubri
1202:Bakala
1185:, the
1111:Mughal
1092:Punjab
911:Khanda
891:Khalsa
826:Takhts
820:Places
740:Dastar
735:Nitnem
730:Simran
720:Langar
700:Kirtan
348:Topics
343:People
230:Dharma
154:Spouse
87:Punjab
6545:Patna
6060:Takht
5988:Sikhs
5966:Islam
5946:Kabir
5894:Names
5889:Music
5879:Films
5854:Music
5809:Maghi
5413:Forts
5165:Delhi
5155:Jammu
5140:Rahon
5105:Sarsa
4928:Jatha
4904:Udasi
4815:Wales
4725:Nepal
4715:Japan
4710:Italy
4683:Kochi
4673:India
4638:China
4303:Ardās
4161:Gurus
3928:Kabir
3709:(PDF)
3698:(PDF)
3355:–37.
2958:JSTOR
2824:–73.
2138:JSTOR
2109:JSTOR
1772:Notes
1668:Ghazi
1603:ragas
1578:Nabha
1541:tilak
1537:janju
1388:Delhi
1347:Shiva
1287:Patna
1268:Assam
1264:Dhaka
1195:Gujri
1183:Vedas
1156:Sodhi
1115:Delhi
1076:gurus
951:Sects
926:Names
921:Music
695:Ardās
239:India
125:India
115:Delhi
91:India
5981:Rama
4864:Mina
4740:Niue
4705:Iraq
4700:Iran
4648:Fiji
4504:Asia
4494:List
4373:Sewa
4151:and
3777:2016
3747:2016
3717:2016
3681:2022
3655:link
3651:link
3633:OCLC
3623:ISBN
3596:ISBN
3558:2023
3520:2022
3488:ISBN
3463:ISBN
3438:ISBN
3407:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3357:ISBN
3288:ISBN
3261:ISBN
3231:ISBN
3210:2021
3171:ISBN
3141:ISBN
3120:2016
3053:ISBN
3023:ISBN
2996:ISBN
2974:2017
2950:ISSN
2910:2018
2892:ISBN
2871:2018
2853:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2768:ISBN
2741:ISBN
2716:ISBN
2691:ISBN
2666:ISBN
2641:ISBN
2616:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2563:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2470:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2423:2018
2405:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2345:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2294:2016
2276:ISBN
2252:2017
2234:ISBN
2213:2016
2195:ISBN
2167:ISSN
2084:2017
2066:ISBN
2045:2016
2010:2014
1980:2013
1962:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1792:and
1656:Sikh
1564:and
1539:and
1414:saka
1266:and
1177:and
1121:and
823:and
725:Sewa
180:and
100:Died
55:Born
5849:Art
4955:3HO
3988:Sur
3592:191
3353:207
2942:doi
2938:117
2374:410
2159:doi
2130:doi
2126:117
2101:doi
2097:121
2033:BBC
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1445:by
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