768:
845:, Tomás, recklessly, fled through the streets of Lima, with his face covered and wearing a civilian hat, shouting "Viva Pardo" with the intention of going unnoticed. To his bad luck, he ran into a group of officers who recognized him immediately. Upon being arrested, he claimed that he had been incited to rebel by prominent politicians and military men, who abandoned him and claimed to know nothing of the assassination of President Balta. They advanced a few blocks, while they were followed by a mob that shouted threats, and when they reached the
131:
101:
225:
206:
187:
168:
114:
141:
860:
776:
852:, the soldiers who arrested him could not protect him any further and hid him in a pharmacy, immediately closing the doors. The crowd broke through the doors and searched for Tomás, whom they found hiding in a tub. He was then shot dead, and his body taken out to the street. There, the corpse was undressed and shot, as well as slashed across the chest by an unknown man, who was alleged to have said, alluding to the
669:
751:. On the night of July 24, desertions increased, with the soldiers handing their rifles to the locals. On the night of the 25th, people started cheering Pardo and shouting death chants against the Gutiérrez brothers. Gutiérrez and Casós issued a decree creating a special jury, claiming that subversive actions had been taking place against Gutiérrez's army, such as the issuing of false
29:
158:
149:
731:. He obtained Gutiérrez's guarantee that he would handle all political aspects of the government, while Gutiérrez would oversee all military affairs. He also obtained his guarantee that the city's legations, then filled with refugees, would be respected. Casós summoned the city's bank managers requesting funds that later disappeared.
1032:
Felipe José Pereira Leal for eight days, and thus managed to save himself from being lynched. Marcelino coordinated with his wife, with her reaching Callao first, and him travelling accompanied by a friendly colonel. An assistant of the prefecture detained him, directing him to then
Prefect, Colonel
810:
It is alleged that in retaliation, Marceliano Gutiérrez, who was guarding Balta in the San
Francisco barracks, ordered the assassination of the imprisoned president, although such an assertion has not been proven. Nonetheless, Balta was riddled with bullets by three riflemen in the early afternoon,
549:
taking office on
December 7, 1871. This appointment did not get Arenas' blessing, and its reception by the Civilista Party's press was that of alarm. Since Balta's presidency was the result of his revolt, and since the Gutiérrez brothers had provided his government with stability thus far, it was
578:
On the morning of July 22, 1872, Balta met with Tomás Gutiérrez and definitively refused any subversive action in what was described as a "stormy scene." According to some witnesses, his brother
Silvestre acted on his mood, urging him to proceed with the coup as the Congress was on the eve of
885:
the following day, naked and covered with wounds, at a height of more than 20 meters; a spectacle never before seen in the capital. Hours later the ropes that supported them were broken, the bodies falling to the ground, which crashed against the sidewalk. The remains were burned in a
370:
distinguished himself by being even more of an athlete, more brusque and more ignorant, with a defect in his right eye, for which he was called the "one-eyed," and with a very powerful voice and an imposing presentation, which attracted the public on the days of troop maneuvering.
434:
Silvestre and
Marceliano were not as well known, with the former being remembered for his important role in Balta's revolt in the north that put him in power, being wounded in action in Chiclayo. The aforementioned brothers were put on trial for the crime of
818:, where his brother, Colonel Marcelino Gutiérrez, was staying. There he suffered the siege of the population. The two brothers then decided to leave the barracks at night, amidst rifle and cannon fire. Meanwhile, the other brother, Marceliano, went to
612:(also called the San Francisco de Asís barracks), and his brother Pedro, married to one of the Gutiérrez sisters, expressed his disbelief when he learned that the president was not involved in the coup. Meanwhile, Tomás asked for the support of the
636:
prepared a statement condemning the events, and was later interrupted in the evening by Major José Luis
Elcorrobarrutia. Rufino Echenique, president of the Senate, told his colleagues where and when to meet clandestinely to continue debating.
309:
was to take office as the country's first civilian president. The coup was initially successful, although a violent crowd headed by brothers
Baltazar and José La Torre ultimately murdered three of the Gutiérrez brothers.
937:, in addition to the aforementioned, the windows and doors of Tomás's house were removed, and water was poured into the building to turn it into a barren terrain. Tomás's wife was hidden at her mother's house, in the
1051:
The four-day regime of Tomás Gutiérrez did not halt the increasing control of civilians in the
Peruvian government. Just one week after Gutiérrez's overthrow, Pardo assumed the presidency and his party, the
917:), was looted and reduced to rubble in both the inside and outside. Another building—a home and a bakery—belonging to Marceliano also suffered the same fate, this one located at the corner of
519:
and Manuel Amunátegui, imprisoned. The former was imprisoned in one of the barracks under one of the Gutiérrez brothers, who threatened him with death. Amunátegui was also threatened with an
640:
Meanwhile, another detachment unsuccessfully searched Pardo's home to detain him, as he had been warned of the events. He left the next day for the nearby southern coast, where, aboard a
489:
Both the elections and Balta's ending government were a turbulent period, as controversies arose, and Balta had repressed any opposition to his government, with the pro-Pardo newspapers
898:, next to Government Palace, in the path towards the train station) that was destroyed by the crowd, and in the afternoon a third corpse was thrown into the fire, that of Marceliano.
957:(fifth block of the Jirón de la Unión) was also attacked, with some claiming Tomás was inside. The house that was looted, number 69, later housed the headquarters of the newspaper
1415:
1059:
An
Argentine diplomat in the city claimed that three quarters of the city's population took part in the violent events that ended the brothers' lives, with total impunity.
1384:
1160:
557:
According to the confessions of Manuel Santa María to
Echenique while the two took refuge in the same legation during the coup, Balta initially supported the
720:
625:
609:
1036:
Captured days later, he served prison for some time and was released by an amnesty law; he then moved back to his hometown and in 1879 participated in
1021:" (Revolution in Lima), which served as an extremely important reference for documentation of the event as it was published shortly after the revolt.
712:
issued a statement which made it clear that they would not support the new regime. This statement was signed by notable figures, such as Miguel Grau.
1028:, described as the most peaceful of the brothers, who took refuge in a friendly house for either two or three days, later moving to the home of the
981:
made his entrance into the capital and assumed the presidency of the country on August 2, 1872. He then made a speech that began with the words:
439:
against Colonel Juan Manuel Garrido and watchman Luis Montejo, respectively. The former's trial caused a public scandal, being represented by
1337:
1312:
1144:
1033:
Javier de Osma, with his wife later joining him alongside the aforementioned assistant. He was prohibited from boarding a ship and detained.
1029:
1180:
1130:(2014). "10. La victoria del Partido Civil en las elecciones de 1872. ¿Quiénes asesinaron a los Gutiérrez y profanaron sus cadáveres?".
838:), and that the shot came from one of his own men. At 5:15 in the afternoon, part of the Gutiérrez army surrendered in the barracks.
767:
590:
and arrested President Balta in the presence of his wife and daughter Daría, who was to be married that afternoon. Meanwhile at the
616:
and accused Balta of being unfit for the presidency, while refusing to cede the office to a criminal, alluding to Balta's trial in
1131:
1410:
656:
482:. Echenique, in consideration of the public's disapproval, declined Balta's nomination, with Balta instead supporting jurist
375:, thinner and whiter, with curly hair, had more intelligence and enlightenment, but he believed him to be hard and sinister.
815:
841:
The mob took over the Government Palace at 5:30 in the afternoon. While Marcelino took refuge in a friendly house at
536:
391:
Of the brothers, Tomás had been the most distinguished: his signature appeared on both the document that started the
961:; Marceliano's home and bakery later was rebuilt with the numbers of 185 and 199. Marcelino's home, located at the
788:
527:
392:
294:
1068:
978:
878:
520:
471:
302:
79:
692:, paid no attention to the revolt. Telegrams accepting the new order reached the capital from provinces such as
946:
814:
Seeing that the atmosphere had turned against him, Tomás Gutiérrez left the Government Palace and moved to the
587:
514:
451:
407:
gave him some renown as a sagacious man, complementing the great notoriety he had as a brave and good soldier.
253:
811:
while he was resting in his bed after having lunch, and the news of his death quickly spread throughout Lima.
716:
467:
440:
1007:
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910:
873:
697:
509:
367:
332:
210:
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1025:
864:
846:
792:
531:
376:
372:
348:
336:
328:
229:
191:
1420:
747:
had, by this point, abandoned their offices. The Civilista Party was accused of wasting their money and
728:
613:
491:
444:
906:
650:
546:
363:
324:
290:
172:
723:, which he accepted. Casós later claimed that he opposed the coup and accepted the office to avoid an
447:
ruled against him, he was separated from his battalion, to which he returned shortly before the coup.
827:
830:, he was fatally shot in the stomach. It is said that his last words were "another brave man dies" (
1385:"Dante Trujillo: "no debemos quedarnos con una sola versión de la historia, sino problematizarla""
496:
366:
was corpulent and had a reputation for being abrupt, impetuous, haughty, ignorant and determined;
1154:
1037:
748:
504:
424:
396:
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newspapers remained closed on this date, stores were half-closed, and some newspapers, such as
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1308:
1234:
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877:. Hours later he was joined by the corpse of his brother Silvestre, brought from the nearby
831:
705:
633:
479:
420:
278:
214:
195:
176:
1176:¿Sabías que el presidente José Balta fue asesinado días antes del cambio de mando en 1872?
1053:
475:
306:
270:
660:
shortly after, as Grau's ship kept sailing south in order to form a resistance movement.
542:
859:
775:
985:
People of Lima! What you've done is a terrible act, but nevertheless an act of justice.
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693:
483:
140:
1404:
1127:
966:
950:
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located at the center of the square, made from wood taken from Silvestre's bakery on
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709:
629:
416:
408:
384:
356:
352:
298:
245:
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135:
70:
1222:(in Spanish). Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Lima: Editorial Milla Batres. p. 189.
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784:
701:
673:
641:
579:
concluding their qualifying tasks, and Pardo's presidency would begin on August 2.
562:
436:
942:
871:
He was immediately dragged into the plaza and hung from a lantern in front of the
795:
got into an verbal altercation with a pro-Balta crowd, firing at them once with a
668:
466:, sought to continue the military's presence in the government, proposing General
1369:"Perú, Arequipa, Registro Civil, 1860-1976", database with images, FamilySearch (
1354:
1298:
1276:
1199:
1017:
as its director, published a complete chronicle of this revolt under the title "
645:
526:
These controversial events caused the consecutive resignation of two of Balta's
28:
1389:
1174:
822:
to stop a revolt. During the events, while attempting to light a high-caliber
799:
and wounding protestor Jaime Pacheco, who in turn shot him in the left arm. A
454:, who exaggeratedly considered Pardo's presidency a disaster to their duties.
340:
450:
In 1872, 7,000 well-armed men were at the command of the Gutiérrez brothers'
1304:
740:
551:
1251:
755:
and incitements to violence. On July 25, Silvestre quelled a rebellion in
1041:
800:
796:
404:
400:
355:, with Tomás distinguishing himself above the others. Peruvian historian
1184:
1024:
The only one of the Gutiérrez brothers who managed to save himself was
1003:
901:
The brothers' houses were also affected. Tomás's house, located at the
887:
804:
605:
1056:, would be a dominant force in Peruvian politics for decades to come.
624:
company. Only some politicians (such as Fernando Casós, who served as
823:
819:
756:
752:
617:
999:
858:
774:
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in 1872, with a pro-Gutiérrez poster to the right of its entrance.
667:
621:
771:
Silvestre was fatally shot at this train station, now demolished.
561:
plan. However, after seeking advice from friends of his, such as
106:
54:
379:, on the other hand, was distinguished by a peaceful character.
807:
Francisco Verdejo fatally shooting Gutiérrez in the head.
582:
At 2 p.m., Silvestre, at the head of two companies of the
1204:(in Spanish). Vol. 2. Librería Studium. p. 113.
419:, gave him the highest military position and proposed to
395:
and the constitution of that year. The commissions that
881:. Both bodies were then hanged from the towers of the
1359:(in Spanish). Impr. Torres Aguirre. pp. 367–368.
1235:"The Lima's neighborhood in the decades of 1920-1940"
423:
his promotion to general, thus ratifying the acts of
76:
Three of the Gutiérrez brothers are ultimately killed
1220:
Historia General del Perú. La República (1844-1879)
339:—were four brothers who were originally from the
1371:https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2C49-RP4
1356:Los generales Díez-Canseco: episodios históricos
508:being shut down and their respective directors,
297:, and his three brothers against then president
1278:La revolución de los Gutierrez en julio de 1872
983:
361:
21:
431:. However, the respective law was not issued.
33:A mob carries the body of Marceliano Gutiérrez
1373: : 3 March 2021), Marcelino Gutierres, .
8:
708:, signed by local military authorities. The
1281:(in Spanish). Imp. C. Ruiz. pp. 40–42.
1040:, rehabilitating himself. He later died in
715:In the afternoon, Tomás Gutiérrez summoned
73:is overthrown and later executed on July 26
1292:
1290:
1288:
1159:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
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1112:
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600:battalion—proclaimed his brother Tomás as
550:widely believed that Balta would launch a
18:
1383:Vadillo Vila, José Antonio (2023-02-26).
1332:. Peru: Espacio Tiempo. pp. 45–175.
1250:
1181:Archivo General de la Nación del Perú AGN
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
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470:for the 1872 elections against civilian
1270:
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1264:
1262:
1139:. Vol. 7. Peru. pp. 106–121.
1080:
523:if he decided to reopen his newspaper.
1152:
856:: "You want a sash? Take your sash."
7:
1416:1870s coups d'état and coup attempts
1330:El Valle de Majes: Origen e Historia
1300:Una historia breve, extraña y brutal
953:belonging to a Mr. Leveratto in the
565:, he changed his mind on the issue.
486:, who was not popular with voters.
462:Balta, then in his final months as
283:Rebelión de los coroneles Gutiérrez
759:, returning to Lima in the night.
14:
1133:Historia de la República del Perú
929:(first block of Marañón, between
779:Balta is fatally shot in his bed.
1328:Del Carpio Medina, Juan (2019).
1233:Zanutelli Rosas, Manuel (2017).
977:A day after the violent events,
863:Tomás Gutiérrez and his brother
223:
204:
185:
166:
156:
147:
139:
129:
112:
99:
27:
1198:Tamayo Vargas, Augusto (1976).
1128:Basadre Grohmann, Jorge Alfredo
632:agreed to support him. and The
596:, Marceliano—in command of the
1353:Díez Canseco, Ernesto (1950).
905:(currently the third block of
719:and offered him the office of
1:
783:On July 26, while taking the
602:Supreme Chief of the Republic
478:, supported by a majority of
275:Gutiérrez Brothers' rebellion
82:becomes president on August 2
22:Gutiérrez Brothers' rebellion
933:and Chiclayo. According to
359:describes them as follows:
254:Battalion "Pichincha" No. 2
1437:
443:. When in August 1871 the
393:Peruvian Civil War of 1867
258:Battalion "Ayacucho" No. 4
1183:. 2024-01-15 – via
1069:Manuel Pardo (politician)
803:thus began, resulting in
608:. Balta was moved to the
521:execution by firing squad
267:1872 Peruvian coup d'état
250:Crowds of armed civilians
235:
122:
92:
37:
26:
1297:Trujillo, Dante (2022).
1275:Silva, Faustino (1927).
789:San Juan de Dios Station
256:Battalion "Zepita" No. 3
16:1872 coup d'état in Peru
1008:Héctor Florencio Varela
994:The weekly publication
816:Santa Catalina barracks
586:battalion, entered the
323:The Gutiérrez brothers—
271:Peruvian historiography
1411:Military coups in Peru
1252:10.20453/ah.v59i0.3043
1179:(Video) (in Spanish).
987:
969:, was left untouched.
868:
835:
780:
772:
677:
654:. He was moved to the
644:, he was picked up by
610:San Francisco barracks
510:Andrés Aramburú Sarrio
389:
319:The Gutiérrez brothers
282:
123:Commanders and leaders
919:Calle de las Campanas
879:Church of the Orphans
862:
778:
770:
729:military dictatorship
717:Fernando Casós Flores
671:
628:) and members of the
468:José Rufino Echenique
441:Fernando Casós Flores
1216:Vargas Ugarte, Rubén
874:Portal de Escribanos
828:Real Felipe Fortress
739:On these dates some
532:Juan Francisco Balta
399:gave him in 1868 in
211:Marceliano Gutiérrez
925:streets, under the
907:Huancavelica street
836:Muere otro valiente
606:General of the Army
351:and had joined the
230:Marcelino Gutiérrez
192:Silvestre Gutiérrez
66:Government victory
1201:Literatura peruana
1038:War of the Pacific
1030:Brazilian minister
1019:Revolución de Lima
939:Calle de la Concha
869:
781:
773:
678:
458:The 1872 elections
425:Juan Antonio Pezet
397:Pedro Diez Canseco
289:headed by General
118:Gutiérrez brothers
107:Government of Peru
1339:978-612-47797-8-7
1314:978-612-5020-47-5
1146:978-612-306-353-5
947:Municipal Theatre
883:Cathedral of Lima
854:presidential sash
843:Mariquitas street
721:Secretary General
626:Secretary General
604:, in the rank of
588:Government Palace
464:president of Peru
413:Inspector General
345:Castilla Province
301:, shortly before
263:
262:
153:Baltazar La Torre
88:
87:
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941:(third block of
892:Calle Pescadería
743:took place, and
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1307:. p. 265.
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955:Calle Espaderos
949:is located). A
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547:Tomás Gutiérrez
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476:Civilista Party
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307:Civilista Party
295:Minister of War
291:Tomás Gutiérrez
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45:22–26 July 1872
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1303:(in Spanish).
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1239:Acta Herediana
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903:Calle de Ortiz
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735:July 24 and 25
733:
725:ultramontanist
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593:Plaza de Armas
575:
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545:), leading to
484:Antonio Arenas
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429:Ramón Castilla
411:appointed him
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1006:journalist
965:street, in
935:El Nacional
894:(currently
727:and strict
686:La Sociedad
648:aboard the
646:Miguel Grau
559:coup d'état
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513: [
505:El Comercio
495: [
492:El Nacional
287:coup d'état
269:, known in
1405:Categories
1390:El Peruano
1075:References
909:, between
741:desertions
409:José Balta
368:Marceliano
341:Huancarqui
333:Marceliano
314:Background
299:José Balta
136:José Balta
71:José Balta
1305:Alfaguara
1155:cite book
1048:in 1904.
1026:Marcelino
1004:Uruguayan
990:Aftermath
943:Jirón Ica
865:Silvestre
848:La Merced
793:Silvestre
690:La Patria
584:Pichincha
552:self-coup
377:Marcelino
373:Silvestre
337:Marcelino
329:Silvestre
285:), was a
1218:(1984).
1063:See also
1042:Arequipa
931:Trujillo
915:Cailloma
896:Carabaya
801:shootout
797:revolver
698:Trujillo
682:Pardista
634:Congress
480:Congress
421:Congress
405:Huancayo
401:Chiclayo
382:—
353:military
349:Arequipa
343:area of
50:Location
1185:YouTube
973:July 27
911:Torrico
888:bonfire
832:Spanish
826:in the
805:Captain
763:July 26
753:cheques
749:alcohol
706:Chincha
664:July 23
651:Huáscar
620:with a
574:July 22
474:of the
415:of the
305:of the
293:, then
279:Spanish
273:as the
217:†
198:†
179:†
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820:Callao
757:Callao
618:London
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1002:with
1000:Paris
923:Breña
694:Piura
622:Guano
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517:]
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364:Tomás
325:Tomás
1334:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1161:link
1141:ISBN
921:and
913:and
785:tram
710:Navy
704:and
688:and
680:The
672:The
630:Army
569:Coup
541:and
502:and
427:and
417:Army
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42:Date
1247:doi
1044:of
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