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Gymnarthrids are relatively elongate with short limbs. The skulls of gymnarthrids are also small, with a single row of large conical teeth on the margin of the jaw (a feature that distinguishes them from other microsaurs). In some genera, such as
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219:. It was placed in a new suborder, Gymnarthria. Case initially considered gymnarthrids to be reptiles, but later recognized them to be amphibians, placing
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1381:
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1401:
333:
Anderson, J.S.; Reisz, R.R. (2003). "A new microsaur (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli) from the Lower
Permian of Richards Spur (Fort Sill), Oklahoma".
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J. D. Pardo, M. Szostakiwskyj, P. E. Ahlberg and J. S. Anderson (2017). "Hidden morphological diversity among early tetrapods".
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362:"New or little known reptiles and amphibians from the Permian (?) of Texas"
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423:(2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–687.
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314:
Carroll, R. L.; Gaskill, P. (1978). "The Order
Microsauria".
388:"Revision of the Gymnarthridae: American Permian microsaurs"
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233:after having previously been assigned to the basal
386:Gregory, J.T.; Peabody, F.E.; Price, L.I. (1956).
369:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
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316:Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society
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299:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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215:in 1910 to include the newly described
1387:Prehistoric tetrapods of North America
292:
7:
1312:
1310:
229:was placed within Gymnarthridae by
211:Gymnarthridae was first erected by
161:. Remains have been found from the
1330:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
335:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
181:. Previously they were considered
14:
1322:This article about a prehistoric
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255:
44:
1382:Prehistoric tetrapods of Europe
145:. Gymnarthrids are known from
1:
1402:Prehistoric tetrapod families
395:Yale Peabody Museum Bulletin
16:Extinct family of tetrapods
1423:
1407:Prehistoric tetrapod stubs
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1157:
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41:Scientific classification
39:
23:
1392:Carboniferous tetrapods
421:Vertebrate Paleontology
401:: 1–77. Archived from
1289:Paleobiology Database
153:and existed from the
419:Romer, A.S. (1945).
360:Case, E.C. (1910).
263:Paleontology portal
243:Edward Drinker Cope
155:Late Carboniferous
29:Late Carboniferous
1397:Permian tetrapods
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1338:
1304:
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1276:Open Tree of Life
1205:Taxon identifiers
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1195:
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1043:Brachystelechidae
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917:Hapsidopareiidae
634:Altenglanerpeton
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27:Temporal range:
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778:Ostodolepididae
772:
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622:
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525:Tetrapodomorpha
510:Tetrapodomorpha
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223:in the family.
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1233:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1178:Tuditanomorpha
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1163:Batrachomorpha
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1017:Infernovenator
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926:Hapsidopareion
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890:Odonterpetidae
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872:Leiocephalikon
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851:Cardiocephalus
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568:
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552:Reptiliomorpha
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537:Reptiliomorpha
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408:on 2010-06-27.
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341:(4): 499–505.
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221:Cardiocephalus
206:labiolingually
201:Cardiocephalus
163:Czech Republic
137:is an extinct
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1173:Recumbirostra
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1080:Quasicaecilia
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1024:Megamolgophis
1021:
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992:Chthonosauria
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958:Rhynchonkidae
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842:Gymnarthridae
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296:
288:
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277:
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264:
253:
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239:Captorhinidae
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202:
197:
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189:
187:
184:
183:tuditanomorph
180:
176:
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168:
164:
160:
159:Early Permian
156:
152:
151:North America
148:
144:
143:Recumbirostra
141:of the group
140:
136:
135:Gymnarthridae
127:
121:
120:Gymnarthridae
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Recumbirostra
102:
99:
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69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
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53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
33:Early Permian
30:
24:Gymnarthridae
22:
19:
1377:Gymnarthrids
1332:expanding it
1321:
1306:
1212:
1168:Lepospondyli
1128:
1103:Lissamphibia
1091:Lissamphibia
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1030:
1022:
1015:
1010:Brachydectes
1008:
979:
972:
965:
947:Saxonerpeton
945:
938:
931:
924:
906:Odonterpeton
904:
899:Joermungandr
897:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
841:
829:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
785:
767:Trachystegos
765:
758:
751:
731:
724:
717:
696:
689:
684:Steenerpeton
682:
675:
670:Microbrachis
668:
661:
654:
647:
639:
632:
592:
492:Superclass:
420:
414:
403:the original
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295:cite journal
286:
282:
231:Alfred Romer
224:
220:
216:
210:
208:compressed.
199:
193:
190:
157:through the
134:
133:
119:
97:
18:
1073:Diabloroter
1059:Bromerpeton
981:Rhynchonkos
974:Dvellecanus
879:Pariotichus
816:Pelodosotis
809:Ostodolepis
787:Huskerpeton
760:Stegotretus
710:Tuditanidae
698:Utaherpeton
663:Kirktonecta
656:Hyloplesion
649:Cymatorhiza
641:Archerpeton
619:Microsauria
595:Microsauria
564:Microsauria
463:Microsauria
226:Pariotichus
217:Gymnarthrus
195:Bolterpeton
167:Nova Scotia
91:Microsauria
1371:Categories
1161:See also:
1052:Batropetes
1001:Lysorophia
967:Aletrimyti
933:Llistrofus
831:Tambaroter
823:Proxilodon
802:Nannaroter
795:Micraroter
744:Pantylidae
691:Trihecaton
573:see below↓
375:: 163–181.
289:: 642–646.
249:References
213:E. C. Case
186:microsaurs
733:Tuditanus
494:Tetrapoda
480:Kingdom:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1324:tetrapod
1228:Q4845066
1222:Wikidata
1188:Category
1066:Carrolla
940:Ricnodon
865:Euryodus
858:Elfridia
753:Pantylus
726:Crinodon
677:Sparodus
488:Chordata
486:Phylum:
482:Animalia
179:Oklahoma
171:Illinois
113:Family:
78:Chordata
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
1281:4948387
1255:3241223
1242:4358650
237:family
235:amniote
84:Order:
1268:102148
1032:Nagini
283:Nature
177:, and
147:Europe
139:family
124:Case,
1326:is a
1294:37293
1263:IRMNG
406:(PDF)
391:(PDF)
365:(PDF)
175:Texas
98:Clade
1328:stub
1250:GBIF
1101:see
719:Boii
550:see
523:see
301:link
198:and
149:and
126:1910
1237:EoL
343:doi
320:126
287:546
241:by
1373::
1291::
1278::
1265::
1252::
1239::
1224::
399:10
397:.
393:.
373:28
371:.
367:.
339:40
337:.
318:.
297:}}
293:{{
285:.
273:^
245:.
188:.
173:,
169:,
165:,
100::
31:-
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1334:.
1093:?
1027:?
826:?
790:?
701:?
644:?
621:"
617:"
597:"
593:"
465:"
461:"
454:e
447:t
440:v
349:.
345::
322:.
303:)
117:†
104:†
88:†
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
