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There is no ring or other veil remnant. The red-brownish stem is often lighter at the top and can grow to about 15 cm long, sometimes rooting. At least when older the stem typically becomes inflated and deeply furrowed and also develops a distinctive tough consistency. Sometimes a new clump
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Most authors do not consider this species worthwhile for the table, but although this mushroom soon becomes tough, the caps (only) are said to be edible and good when young. Note that with its resistant texture
572:
Appearing from summer to autumn, it is distributed throughout Europe, where it varies locally between quite common and quite rare. Also the fungus is spreading as a disease to North
America, particularly on
503:
This mushroom is very variable, though it is easy to recognize on close examination, at least when not young, due to the distinctive tough stem. The following sections use the given references throughout.
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553:
This mushroom grows in often large clumps at the base of trees, or on roots or stumps. It is always associated with wood, which may however be buried and not immediately visible. Its main host is
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can often appear collectable after several months of growth, but due to the normal development of organisms of putrescence during that time, such specimens could cause
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published his "Natural
Arrangement of British Plants" (including fungi) in which he allocated the species to the already existing genus
425:
by which it was generally known for many years. In much later work culminating in 1997, AntonĂn and
Noordeloos found that the genus
886:
801:
1353:
513:
The cap, growing from about 3 cm to 10 cm, is smooth and dark red-brown, or may be paler, sometimes with dark spots.
372:
mushroom which is quite common in Europe and often grows in large clumps. It is variable but easy to recognize because the
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had already given it the
English name "Spindle naked-foot", but that suggestion never gained much popularity.
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The
English name "Spindle Shank" has been given to this species. Earlier in 1821
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and they proposed a fundamental rearrangement. They resurrected the genus
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of these mushrooms grows from the stem bases left from the previous year.
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The usually well-spaced gills are whitish and may be flecked with spots.
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881:. Translated by Simon Plant. London: Roger Phillips. p. 154.
734:, which provides hyperlinks to records with geographical location.
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523:
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The ellipsoidal spores are around 4.5-6 μm by 3–4.5 μm.
794:
The
Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe
1069:
979:
650:
Vol. 1. London: Baldwin, Craddock & Joy. p. 604.
627:(in French). Paris: Bulliard, Didot, Debure, Belin. plate 106.
598:
594:. Any rancid smell is a sign that the mushrooms are too old.
554:
449:, and so its current name has reverted to Gray's combination,
453:. There was also an alternative move to reclassify it under
480:
indicates that the stem is spindle-shaped (from the Latin
771:
The
Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe
429:
as defined at that time was unsatisfactory due to being
851:
Funga
Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera
376:
soon becomes distinctively tough, bloated and ridged.
411:
However Gray's book was not very popular and in 1872
1349:
Taxa named by Jean
Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
1210:
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664:for full details. The most important reference is
338:
310:
290:
272:
254:
236:
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824:(in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 258.
908:"Gymnopus fusipes (Bull.) Gray - Spindleshank"
902:
900:
898:
815:
813:
732:Global Biodiversity Information Facility page
666:AntonĂn V, Halling RE, Noordeloos ME (1997).
8:
930:
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459:, but that has not generally been accepted.
647:A natural arrangement of British plants ...
976:
849:Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2008).
28:
17:
384:This species was originally described by
447:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
796:. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 178.
610:
544:are present in all parts of the fungus.
853:. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 297.
726:
724:
636:
634:
619:Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
565:on dead wood and it is also a serious
388:in his 1793 "Herbier de la France" as
194:
844:
842:
784:
782:
780:
7:
820:Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013).
668:"Generic concepts within the groups
557:, but sometimes it is also found on
773:. Book Club Associates. p. 54.
549:Distribution, habitat & ecology
1329:Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
14:
822:Champignons de France et d'Europe
396:mushrooms were assigned to genus
963:
339:
316:
311:
292:
273:
255:
237:
217:
202:
41:
942:(in French). Jean Yves Bernoux
1:
597:It is a serious parasite of
368:) is a parasitic species of
710:. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
601:trees, causing a root rot.
533:Microscopic characteristics
437:for some species including
415:put this mushroom in genus
210:Mycological characteristics
1375:
879:Keys to Agarics and Boleti
836:Also available in English.
528:Illustration by M. C.Cooke
173:
166:
143:
136:
38:Scientific classification
36:
27:
20:
1354:Fungi described in 1793
769:Roger Phillips (1981).
362:(formerly often called
529:
484:meaning "spindle" and
642:Samuel Frederick Gray
527:
421:, giving it the name
402:Samuel Frederick Gray
972:at Wikimedia Commons
662:the WP Collybia page
624:Herbier de la France
561:. This mushroom is
392:at a time when all
936:"Collybia fusipes"
530:
1316:
1315:
1195:Open Tree of Life
982:Taxon identifiers
968:Media related to
860:978-87-983961-3-0
831:978-2-603-02038-8
542:Clamp connections
488:meaning "foot").
476:The species name
355:
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192:Species of fungus
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1212:Agaricus fusipes
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1174:BMSSYS0000007518
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1020:Gymnopus fusipes
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970:Gymnopus fusipes
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708:Species Fungorum
702:Gymnopus fusipes
696:
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652:
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638:
629:
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592:gastro-enteritis
575:Northern Red Oak
463:Gymnopus fusipes
451:Gymnopus fusipes
443:Species Fungorum
423:Collybia fusipes
400:. Then in 1821
390:Agaricus fusipes
365:Collybia fusipes
359:Gymnopus fusipes
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199:Gymnopus fusipes
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176:Collybia fusipes
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147:Gymnopus fusipes
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22:Gymnopus fusipes
18:
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1344:Fungi of Europe
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129:G. fusipes
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1359:Fungus species
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958:External links
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940:ChampYves site
924:
914:. Pat O'Reilly
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875:Meinhard Moser
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85:Agaricomycetes
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494:
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469:of the genus
468:
464:
460:
458:
457:
456:Rhodocollybia
452:
448:
444:
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436:
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428:
424:
420:
419:
414:
413:Lucien Quélet
409:
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346:Edibility is
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138:Binomial name
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105:Omphalotaceae
103:
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75:Basidiomycota
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59:
56:
53:
50:
49:
44:
39:
35:
31:
26:
23:
19:
16:
1339:Edible fungi
1211:
989:
944:. Retrieved
939:
916:. Retrieved
912:First Nature
911:
878:
869:
850:
821:
793:
770:
764:
753:. Retrieved
748:
739:
712:. Retrieved
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584:
581:Human impact
571:
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481:
477:
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470:
467:type species
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431:polyphyletic
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332:saprotrophic
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128:
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115:
21:
15:
1156:NatureServe
1117:iNaturalist
1014:Wikispecies
751:. Wikimedia
676:sensu lato"
499:Description
323:Ecology is
301:Spore print
1323:Categories
946:2017-04-03
918:2017-04-03
790:Marcel Bon
755:2017-04-02
749:Wiktionary
714:2017-04-02
605:References
588:G. fusipes
95:Agaricales
71:Division:
1227:Q29366934
1161:2.1071671
688:: 359–68.
681:Mycotaxon
670:Marasmius
326:parasitic
123:Species:
61:Kingdom:
55:Eukaryota
1301:MycoBank
1293:11004056
1262:Fungorum
1241:60024321
1236:AusFungi
1221:Wikidata
1143:MycoBank
1135:10398360
1091:Fungorum
1041:BioLib:
1034:60024320
1029:AusFungi
999:Wikidata
877:(1983).
792:(1987).
730:See the
674:Collybia
644:(1821).
621:(1793).
567:parasite
563:saprobic
471:Gymnopus
445:and the
435:Gymnopus
427:Collybia
418:Collybia
406:Gymnopus
398:Agaricus
386:Bulliard
263:Hymenium
231:hymenium
168:Synonyms
116:Gymnopus
101:Family:
51:Domain:
1280:5243760
1109:5243758
745:"fusus"
508:General
478:fusipes
465:is the
439:fusipes
111:Genus:
91:Order:
81:Class:
1306:230529
1267:230529
1200:106239
1148:431669
1122:157994
1096:431669
1083:COLYFU
1070:197790
1005:Q42052
885:
857:
828:
800:
394:gilled
380:Naming
370:gilled
349:edible
267:adnate
249:convex
161:(1821)
1288:IRMNG
1254:65MZL
1187:93828
1130:IRMNG
1057:6KVRN
1044:60325
704:page"
559:beech
482:fusus
374:stipe
305:white
281:Stipe
226:Gills
184:Quél.
180:Bull.
155:Bull.
65:Fungi
1275:GBIF
1182:NCBI
1104:GBIF
1078:EPPO
883:ISBN
855:ISBN
826:ISBN
798:ISBN
672:and
660:See
493:Gray
285:bare
159:Gray
1249:CoL
1169:NBN
1065:EoL
1052:CoL
599:oak
555:oak
486:pes
329:or
303:is
283:is
265:is
247:is
245:Cap
229:on
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1001::
938:.
927:^
910:.
897:^
841:^
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779:^
747:.
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706:.
686:63
684:.
678:.
633:^
577:.
569:.
473:.
408:.
182:)
157:)
949:.
921:.
891:.
863:.
834:.
806:.
758:.
717:.
700:"
178:(
153:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
