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For example, in Bravo's
Command Mode, pressing "I" entered Insert Mode. In that mode, pressing character keys typed characters into a holding area ("buffer") until the Escape key was pressed, at which time the buffer contents were inserted before the selection and the editor returned to Command Mode.
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of Gypsy was radically different. In both Bravo and Gypsy, a command operated on the current selection. But Bravo had modes and Gypsy didn't. In Bravo, the effect of pressing a character key depended on the current mode, while in Gypsy, pressing a character key by itself always typed the character.
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In Gypsy, no command or buffer was needed to insert new text. The user simply selected an insertion point with the mouse and typed the new text. Each inserted character went directly into the document at the insertion point, which was automatically positioned after the new character.
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In addition to cut-copy-paste, Gypsy introduced double-click to select a word as well as the ability to change the style of a text selection to bold, italic or underlined by pressing the
Control key (also called "Look") while pressing "B", "I", or
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To select text in Bravo, the user clicked the first and last characters to be selected, each with a different mouse button. In Gypsy, the user could drag from the first to the last character while holding a mouse button
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To minimize memorization and modes, the least frequently used commands in Gypsy appeared in a clickable menu. Each menu item could have parameters as in dialog boxes today. For example, the
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and
Timothy Mott, with advice from Dan Swinehart and other colleagues. The code was built on Bravo as a base and the developers of Bravo, including Tom Malloy,
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216:(find) command took one parameter, which the user entered modelessly before clicking the command name, "Scan".
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Fumbling the Future: How Xerox
Invented, Then Ignored, the First Personal Computer
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Among other differences between Gypsy and the then-current version of Bravo were:
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Drag-through selection, double-click, and cut-copy-paste were quickly adopted by
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Although similar in capabilities to the then-current version of Bravo, the
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Larry Tesler demonstrating cut, copy, and paste in Gypsy on a Xerox Alto
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332:"Gypsy" an investigation of the Ginn computer-assisted editing system
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provided technical support to the effort. It was produced for use at
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and spread from there to most modern document preparation systems.
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Dealers of
Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age
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236:"The Smalltalk-76 programming system design and implementation"
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to take advantage of those technologies to virtually eliminate
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100:. Its operation would be familiar to any user of a modern
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294:Smith, Douglas K.; Robert C. Alexander (1988).
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298:. New York: William Morrow. pp. 105–112.
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:This article includes a list of general
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311:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp.
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285:. New York: HarperCollins. pp.
123:It was designed and implemented at
262:. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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327:Gypsy: The Ginn Typescript System
394:of early word processor programs
253:Lampson, Butler (October 1976).
23:
767:The First XLEnt Word Processor
1:
234:Ingalls, Dan (January 1978).
277:Hiltzik, Michael A. (1999).
86:document preparation system
16:Document preparation system
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881:
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886:Category:Word processors
863:IBM Displaywriter System
303:Moggridge, Bill (2007).
152:Lexington, Massachusetts
94:graphical user interface
682:MobiSystems OfficeSuite
646:Atlantis Word Processor
373:Word processor programs
53:more precise citations.
307:Designing Interactions
184:Differences from Bravo
112:, a successor to the
108:document preparation
737:Atari Word Processor
692:Scientific WorkPlace
625:Nisus Writer Express
256:Alto User's Handbook
104:. It was the second
240:ACM Digital Library
120:personal computer.
858:Friden Flexowriter
772:IBM Lotus Symphony
747:Bank Street Writer
659:IBM Lotus Word Pro
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893:
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651:Corel WordPerfect
545:Corel WordPerfect
102:personal computer
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762:Electric Pencil
752:Cut & Paste
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672:Microsoft Works
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654:(since v. 10.0)
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568:Kingsoft Writer
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137:Charles Simonyi
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757:davka writer
727:Apple Writer
715:Discontinued
599:Nisus Writer
540:Adobe InCopy
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129:Larry Tesler
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797:SpeedScript
742:AtariWriter
615:Apple Pages
553:Google Docs
465:LibreOffice
430:GNU TeXmacs
405:Open-source
166:Dan Ingalls
127:in 1975 by
88:based on a
51:introducing
901:Categories
848:AlphaSmart
815:StarOffice
782:Magic Desk
732:AppleWorks
667:(enhanced)
526:Commercial
509:(standard)
470:OpenOffice
389:Comparison
221:References
174:Apple Lisa
148:subsidiary
125:Xerox PARC
118:Xerox Alto
59:March 2023
34:references
868:IBM MT/ST
830:NeoOffice
787:PaperClip
677:Nota Bene
583:TextMaker
578:Scrivener
514:TextMaker
178:Macintosh
170:Smalltalk
159:textbooks
156:published
841:Hardware
807:WordStar
777:MacWrite
722:1st Word
687:PolyEdit
563:Ichitaro
481:Freeware
450:TextEdit
154:, which
811:Writer
702:XyWrite
697:WordPad
639:Windows
412:AbiWord
287:201–210
116:on the
110:program
106:WYSIWYG
47:improve
802:Sprint
620:Mellel
558:Hangul
517:(2008)
455:Writer
36:, but
912:Xerox
825:Go-oo
664:Jarte
608:macOS
506:Jarte
435:KWord
313:48–54
260:(PDF)
205:down.
145:Xerox
114:Bravo
98:modes
90:mouse
82:Gypsy
873:Wang
498:Bean
417:Bean
384:List
214:Scan
209:"U".
176:and
168:for
143:, a
135:and
92:and
445:Ted
440:LyX
150:in
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358:t
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66:(
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