37:
351:
344:
50:
250:
582:
553:
374:
391:
325:
283:
288:
310:
734:, and considered "choice" by several sources. The fruit bodies, even if mature, are typically free of insect larvae. Specimens collected in sandy soil, however, are difficult to clean, but cleaning may be facilitated by washing the fruit bodies in a bowl of water so that the sand sinks to the bottom. The blue color largely disappears after two minutes of
265:
601:
is 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) long by 1–2.5 cm (0.4–1.0 in) thick, and is either roughly equal in width throughout its length, or has a basal or middle swelling. The stem tissue is hard and brittle; it is initially stuffed with a soft pith that develops cavities, or becomes entirely
577:
is whitish to pale yellow, and has a brittle texture. On the underside of the cap, the pore surface is white to yellowish, sometimes with olive or tan tinges. There are roughly two circular pores per millimeter, and the tubes that comprise the pores are 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) deep, but
877:
652:
on the inner walls of the tubes) are light yellow brown in color, club shaped, infrequent, and measure 25–38 by 5.5-7.2 μm; the cheilocystidia (found on the tube edge) are colorless, numerous, and measure 32–47 by 7–10 μm.
572:
to yellowish to pale olive, occasionally with darker streaks of color. Its surface is uneven, sometimes with wrinkles and pits. The cap margin is initially curved inward, and sometimes splits in maturity. The
2231:
449:, roughly the same color as the cap or lighter, is hollowed out into chambers. All parts of the mushroom turn an intense blue color within a few moments of bruising or cutting. The mushroom is
699:, and was frequently confused with that species. It has a smaller fruit body, with a brownish cap up to 8 cm (3.1 in) in diameter. Its staining reaction involves a change from light
568:
is initially convex, but flattens out in maturity, sometimes becoming shallowly depressed; it reaches a diameter of 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in). The cap is dry, and ranges in color from
679:
is smaller, with a dull brownish-yellow cap. Although its flesh has a bluing reaction to injury, its yellow pore surface does not. It has larger spores, measuring 9–15 by 5–7 μm.
606:. It is initially covered in coarse hairs that tend to disappear in maturity to leave a relatively smooth surface. All parts of the fruit body stain blue when cut or injured. The
2168:
1997:
2049:
2116:
1896:
510:
227:
792:, the fungus tends to prefer sandy soil, and also frequents road banks and woodland edges. Fruiting occurs in summer and early autumn. Fruit bodies can be
470:
161:
2155:
1971:
738:. Cooked mushrooms have a meaty texture, and mild nutty flavor that is enhanced if fried to crispness. Drying the mushrooms strengthens the taste.
430:. First described from France in 1788, the species is found in Asia, Australia, Europe, and eastern North America, where it grows on the ground in
249:
709:
has brownish pores that undergo a slower blue staining reaction. If the fruit bodies are not uprooted and only the top of the cap is examined,
1526:
1472:
1739:
Besl H, Bresinsky A, Steglish W, Zipfel K (1973). "Pilzpigmente, XVII. Ăśber
Gyrocyanin, das blauende Prinzip des Kornblumenröhrlings (
578:
depressed around the top of the stem. Injury to the pores will cause them to stain first greenish yellow, then greenish blue or blue.
1553:
1499:
1434:
1406:
1318:
1259:
1234:
1202:
1160:
884:
The identity of the chemical causing bluing upon tissue injury was reported in 1973. The molecule, gyrocyanin, is a highly oxidized
2201:
2221:
686:
929:
2036:
1046:"Rysslands, Finlans och den Skandinaviska halföns Hattsvampar. Sednare Delen: Pip-, Tagg-, Hud-, Klubb- och Gelésvampar"
2211:
948:
673:
is typically readily recognized by its characteristic straw-yellow color and nearly instantaneous dark blue bruising.
1853:
691:
681:
201:
49:
2054:
675:
486:
1743:), und eine oxidative Ringverengung des Atromentins" [Fungus pigments .17. Gyrocyanin, blueing principle of
2216:
648:(spore-bearing cells) are club shaped, two- to four-spored, and measure 24–30 by 8–10 μm. Pleurocystidia (
798:
2236:
2206:
1864:
2196:
494:
445:
cap surface is fibrous and roughened, and reaches up to 12 cm (4.7 in) in diameter. The thick
205:
144:
457:
occurs where the color change is to deep violet rather than blue. The bluing reaction results from the
2147:
1963:
1932:
1830:
917:
216:
602:
hollow in maturity. Roughly the same color as the cap or lighter, the stem surface is dry and lacks
2028:
36:
2226:
1629:
1600:
Neuhof T, Berg A, Besl H, Schweche T, Dieckmann R, von Döhren H (2007). "Peptaibol production by
983:(in French). Vol. 8. Paris, France: Chez l'auteur, Didot, Debure, Belin. p. plate 369.
705:
174:
44:
2173:
2002:
689:, is similar in appearance, but lacks the bluing reaction. Newly described from China in 2003,
2129:
2075:
1919:
1721:
1621:
1582:
1549:
1543:
1522:
1516:
1495:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1430:
1402:
1396:
1314:
1308:
1255:
1230:
1198:
1192:
1156:
1111:
913:
849:
700:
561:
478:
431:
293:
1489:
1150:
1809:
1756:
1656:
1613:
1377:
1026:
984:
876:
777:
654:
607:
598:
581:
574:
454:
446:
330:
165:
2080:
1775:
1335:
552:
2062:
1279:
1003:
897:
837:
731:
669:
Although there are a few lookalike species with similar overall appearance, in the field,
450:
397:
2142:
1958:
1842:
1836:
901:
889:
806:
of the mushroom tissue, and a yellow color caused by the formation of large amounts of
769:
715:
529:
502:
91:
1660:
1381:
749:, and produces a light yellow, beige, gold, or brownish-orange color depending on the
2190:
2121:
1901:
909:
618:
590:
533:
81:
1675:
1633:
1130:
1045:
1020:
603:
1924:
978:
905:
896:. In contrast, the bluing of other boletes has been attributed to the oxidation of
824:
is found in Asia, Australia, North
America, and Europe. In China, it is known from
815:
781:
746:
569:
442:
435:
427:
2134:
2107:
2041:
2023:
1984:
735:
629:
541:
518:
381:
357:
1887:
1229:. Peterson Field Guides. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. p. 110.
1847:
1310:
The
Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province (Chinese University Press)
853:
793:
765:
641:
1813:
1760:
1725:
1586:
1115:
1945:
1030:
845:
825:
458:
121:
111:
101:
61:
1625:
1617:
988:
1700:
Nagasawa E. (2001). "Taxonomic studies of
Japanese boletes. I. The genera
2101:
2067:
2010:
1911:
1881:
1573:, a thermophilic hyphomycete parasitizing on fruit-bodies of Boletales".
956:
893:
833:
803:
649:
522:
315:
274:
255:
2160:
1976:
857:
841:
811:
807:
789:
750:
703:
to dark turquoise or dark blue. Its spores are 5–8.5 by 4–5.3 μm.
645:
637:
1989:
836:
woodland in
Australia. In North America, it is widespread east of the
2015:
1067:
Beck G. (1923). "Versuch einer systematischen
Gliederung der Gattung
829:
622:
423:
71:
1858:
1427:
North
American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
625:
when bruised. The odor and taste of the fruit bodies is indistinct.
1950:
1025:. Vol. 1. London, UK: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. p. 647.
1548:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 322.
1463:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. pp.
1197:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 189–91.
875:
785:
658:
633:
580:
551:
469:
The species was first described scientifically by French botanist
1155:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 59.
1398:
Edible Wild
Mushrooms of North America: A Field-to-Kitchen Guide
593:(seen in left vertical line) that quickly changes color to blue.
1937:
1862:
1313:. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. p. 468.
1132:
840:. The geographical distribution ranges from eastern Canada to
1494:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 47.
1401:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. pp. 100–2.
1491:
The
Rainbow Beneath my Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide
1135:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 553.
1008:(in Latin). Göttingen, Sweden: H. Dieterich. p. 508.
880:
The bluing reaction is caused by oxidation of gyrocyanin.
1747:, and an oxidative ring contraction of atromentin].
536:κύανoς, meaning "dark blue", while the varietal epithet
1545:
Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians
640:(translucent), and have dimensions of 8–10 by 5–6
848:, although it has been occasionally reported from the
544:
known as the bluing bolete or the cornflower bolete.
2232:
Taxa named by Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
1647:
Hilton RN. (1972). "Mycology in Western Australia".
1429:. Guilford, Connecticut: Falcon Guide. p. 367.
2091:
1871:
617:is nearly identical in appearance, but stains dark
388:
371:
340:
322:
307:
280:
262:
243:
1456:
1776:"Bluing components and other pigments of Boletes"
1254:. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p. 274.
1090:Watling R. (1969). "New fungi from Michigan USA.
556:Illustration from Bulliard's original description
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1420:
1418:
1302:
1300:
1104:Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
8:
1843:Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for July 2003
1714:Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute
1144:
1142:
1649:Bulletin of the British Mycological Society
1450:
1448:
1446:
1191:Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2000).
1050:Bidrag till Kännedom of Finlands Natur Folk
1859:
1252:Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America
852:, and one collection has been made in the
776:grow singly or scattered on the ground in
35:
24:
1273:
1271:
1227:A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America
511:GĂĽnther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau
318:attachment is irregular or not applicable
1022:A Natural Arrangement of British Plants
959:. International Mycological Association
940:
453:, despite its hard stem. A less common
1674:May, Christopher (11 September 2018).
1569:Ammer H, Besl H, Vilsmeier S (1997). "
892:that develops a blue color when it is
471:Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
240:
1800:Steglich W. (1975). "Pilzarbstoffe".
540:means "having a violet tinge". It is
7:
1307:Zhishu B, Zheng G, Taihui L (1993).
1676:"iNaturalist Observation #16410818"
1368:: easily overlooked in Hampshire".
916:used by fungi for the synthesis of
908:from intermediates supplied by the
784:. Often found in association with
14:
1604:strains parasitizing Boletales".
1225:McKnight VB, McKnight KH (1987).
1152:The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide
521:in 1969 from collections made in
461:of a chemical called gyrocyanin.
1488:Bessette A, Bessette AR (2001).
389:
372:
349:
342:
323:
308:
286:
281:
263:
248:
48:
1521:. Academic Press. p. 198.
1395:Bessette A, Fischer DH (1992).
1334:Li TH, Deng WQ, Song B (2003).
814:produced by extrusion from the
687:Gulf Coast of the United States
930:List of North American boletes
868:has been reported from Japan.
810:aleurioconidia (single-celled
1:
1661:10.1016/S0007-1528(73)80030-6
1425:Miller HR, Miller OK (2006).
1382:10.1016/S0269-915X(99)80009-3
1336:"A new cyanescent species of
1606:Chemistry & Biodiversity
1149:Smith AH, Weber NS (1980).
1005:Synopsis Methodica Fungorum
713:can be confused with young
256:Mycological characteristics
2253:
1850:Video of staining reaction
1749:Chemische Berichte/Recueil
1515:Smith SE, Read DJ (2008).
585:When bruised, the variety
1575:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Mykologie
1073:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Pilzkunde
768:species that has a broad
487:Christian Hendrik Persoon
180:
173:
150:
143:
45:Scientific classification
43:
34:
27:
1814:10.1002/ciuz.19750090404
1761:10.1002/cber.19731061012
1571:Sepedonium ampullosporum
832:. The fungus appears in
802:. Infection results in
799:Sepedonium ampullosporum
757:Ecology and distribution
692:G. brunneofloccosus
682:G. umbrinosquamosus
414:, commonly known as the
2202:Fungi described in 1788
1031:10.5962/bhl.title.43804
772:range. Fruit bodies of
676:G. phaeocyanescens
636:are ellipsoid, smooth,
2222:Fungi of North America
1802:Chemie in unserer Zeit
1618:10.1002/cbdv.200790099
1194:North American Boletes
989:10.5962/bhl.title.5365
977:Bulliard JBF. (1788).
881:
594:
557:
507:Leucoconius cyanescens
223:Leucoconius cyanescens
1518:Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
1278:Kuo M. (March 2003).
879:
584:
555:
513:in 1923. The variety
495:Samuel Frederick Gray
426:fungus in the family
1873:Gyroporus cyanescens
1831:Gyroporus cyanescens
1745:Gyroporus cyanescens
1741:Gyroporus cyanescens
1459:100 Edible Mushrooms
1366:Gyroporus cyanescens
1364:Mattock G. (1999). "
1286:. MushroomExpert.com
1282:Gyroporus cyanescens
1250:Phillips R. (2005).
1096:Gyroporus cyanescens
1002:Persoon CH. (1801).
980:Herbier de la France
951:Gyroporus cyanescens
918:aromatic amino acids
888:-phenol-substituted
822:Gyroporus cyanescens
774:Gyroporus cyanescens
762:Gyroporus cyanescens
728:Gyroporus cyanescens
671:Gyroporus cyanescens
532:is derived from the
491:Leccinum constrictum
475:Herbier de la France
411:Gyroporus cyanescens
245:Gyroporus cyanescens
197:Leccinum constrictum
154:Gyroporus cyanescens
29:Gyroporus cyanescens
1774:Nelson SF. (2010).
1044:Karsten P. (1882).
953:(Bull.) Quél. 1886"
657:are present in the
483:Boletus constrictus
190:Boletus constrictus
2212:Fungi of Australia
2093:Boletus cyanescens
1542:Roody WC. (2003).
882:
862:G. cyanescens
711:G. cyanescens
706:Suillus tomentosus
697:G. cyanescens
695:closely resembles
685:, found along the
611:G. cyanescens
595:
566:G. cyanescens
558:
499:Suillus cyanescens
422:, is a species of
212:Suillus cyanescens
183:Boletus cyanescens
136:G. cyanescens
2184:
2183:
2076:Open Tree of Life
1865:Taxon identifiers
1528:978-0-12-370526-6
1474:978-0-472-03126-9
1092:Paxillus vernalis
1019:Gray SF. (1821).
910:shikimate pathway
850:Pacific Northwest
655:Clamp connections
628:The color of the
517:was described by
441:The yellowish to
420:cornflower bolete
405:
404:
238:Species of fungus
236:
235:
231:
220:
209:
194:
187:
16:Species of fungus
2244:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2137:
2125:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2042:NHMSYS0001483473
2032:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1979:
1967:
1966:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1860:
1818:
1817:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1462:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1347:Fungal Diversity
1344:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1188:
1167:
1166:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1016:
1010:
1009:
999:
993:
992:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
945:
904:. Gyrocyanin is
632:is pale yellow.
530:specific epithet
393:
392:
376:
375:
353:
352:
346:
345:
327:
326:
312:
311:
290:
289:
285:
284:
267:
266:
252:
241:
225:
214:
199:
192:
185:
156:
53:
52:
39:
25:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2217:Fungi of Europe
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2063:Observation.org
2061:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1867:
1854:Image of spores
1826:
1821:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1716:(in Japanese).
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1455:Kuo M. (2007).
1454:
1453:
1444:
1437:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1212:
1205:
1190:
1189:
1170:
1163:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1129:Rea C. (1922).
1128:
1127:
1123:
1100:violaceotinctus
1089:
1088:
1084:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1001:
1000:
996:
976:
975:
971:
962:
960:
947:
946:
942:
938:
926:
914:metabolic route
874:
866:violaceotinctus
838:Rocky Mountains
759:
747:mushroom dyeing
743:violaceotinctus
725:
667:
665:Similar species
615:violaceotinctus
587:violaceotinctus
550:
538:violaceotinctus
515:violaceotinctus
467:
407:
406:
390:
373:
354:
350:
347:
343:
324:
309:
287:
282:
264:
258:
253:
239:
221:
210:
195:
188:
169:
158:
152:
139:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2237:Fungus species
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2033:
2020:
2007:
1994:
1981:
1968:
1955:
1942:
1929:
1916:
1906:
1893:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1837:Index Fungorum
1825:
1824:External links
1822:
1820:
1819:
1792:
1766:
1755:(10): 3223–9.
1731:
1692:
1666:
1639:
1612:(6): 1103–15.
1592:
1561:
1554:
1534:
1527:
1507:
1500:
1480:
1473:
1442:
1435:
1414:
1407:
1387:
1356:
1326:
1319:
1296:
1267:
1260:
1242:
1235:
1210:
1203:
1168:
1161:
1138:
1121:
1102:new variety".
1082:
1059:
1052:(in Swedish).
1036:
1011:
994:
969:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
925:
922:
906:biosynthesized
902:xerocomic acid
890:cyclopentenone
873:
870:
844:, and west to
758:
755:
724:
721:
716:Russula fellea
666:
663:
549:
546:
503:Petter Karsten
466:
463:
403:
402:
394:
386:
385:
377:
369:
368:
355:
348:
341:
338:
337:
328:
320:
319:
313:
305:
304:
291:
278:
277:
268:
260:
259:
254:
247:
237:
234:
233:
178:
177:
171:
170:
159:
148:
147:
141:
140:
133:
131:
127:
126:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
92:Agaricomycetes
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
41:
40:
32:
31:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2249:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Fungi of Asia
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1808:(4): 117–23.
1807:
1804:(in German).
1803:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:(in German).
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1581:(2): 127–32.
1580:
1577:(in German).
1576:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1555:0-8131-9039-8
1551:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1508:
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1501:0-8156-0680-X
1497:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:0-7627-3109-5
1432:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:0-292-72080-7
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1341:
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1327:
1322:
1320:962-201-556-5
1316:
1312:
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1303:
1301:
1297:
1285:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:1-55407-115-1
1257:
1253:
1246:
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1236:0-395-91090-0
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
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1206:
1204:9780815605881
1200:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:0-472-85610-3
1158:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1075:(in German).
1074:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1006:
998:
995:
990:
986:
982:
981:
973:
970:
958:
954:
952:
944:
941:
935:
931:
928:
927:
923:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
878:
871:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
817:
816:conidiophores
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:mixed forests
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
756:
754:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
722:
720:
718:
717:
712:
708:
707:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:
672:
664:
662:
660:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:
605:
604:reticulations
600:
592:
588:
583:
579:
576:
571:
567:
563:
554:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
534:Ancient Greek
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:in 1882, and
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
436:mixed forests
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:bluing bolete
413:
412:
401:
400:
396:Edibility is
395:
387:
384:
383:
378:
370:
367:
363:
359:
356:
339:
336:
332:
329:
321:
317:
314:
306:
303:
299:
295:
292:
279:
276:
272:
269:
261:
257:
251:
246:
242:
232:
229:
224:
218:
213:
207:
203:
198:
191:
184:
179:
176:
172:
167:
163:
157:
155:
149:
146:
145:Binomial name
142:
138:
137:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Basidiomycota
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
57:
56:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
26:
23:
19:
2197:Edible fungi
2092:
1872:
1835:
1829:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1786:
1782:
1769:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1720:(39): 1–27.
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:Boletinellus
1701:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1679:
1669:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1517:
1510:
1490:
1483:
1458:
1426:
1397:
1390:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1329:
1309:
1288:. Retrieved
1281:
1251:
1245:
1226:
1193:
1151:
1131:
1124:
1110:(1): 59–66.
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:new species
1091:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1021:
1014:
1004:
997:
979:
972:
961:. Retrieved
950:
943:
885:
883:
865:
861:
856:of southern
821:
820:
797:
796:by the mold
773:
761:
760:
742:
741:The variety
740:
727:
726:
714:
710:
704:
696:
690:
680:
674:
670:
668:
627:
614:
610:
596:
589:stains dark
586:
565:
559:
537:
527:
514:
506:
498:
490:
482:
474:
473:in his 1788
468:
440:
428:Gyroporaceae
419:
415:
410:
409:
408:
398:
380:
365:
361:
334:
301:
297:
270:
244:
222:
211:
196:
193:Pers. (1801)
189:
186:Bull. (1788)
182:
181:
153:
151:
135:
134:
122:
112:Gyroporaceae
28:
22:
18:
2024:NatureServe
1985:iNaturalist
1680:iNaturalist
1655:(1): 27–8.
1340:from China"
1079:(7): 141–9.
854:Sky Islands
794:parasitized
766:mycorrhizal
745:is used in
719:mushrooms.
630:spore print
548:Description
519:Roy Watling
382:mycorrhizal
379:Ecology is
358:Spore print
2191:Categories
1789:(4): 11–4.
1602:Sepedonium
1370:Mycologist
1290:2012-07-22
963:2012-07-22
936:References
898:variegatic
764:is an ecto
432:coniferous
78:Division:
2227:Boletales
2108:Q96635754
2029:2.1072280
1726:0388-8266
1710:Gyroporus
1587:0170-110X
1376:(2): 64.
1338:Gyroporus
1116:0080-4274
872:Chemistry
846:Minnesota
826:Guangdong
808:pigmented
778:deciduous
701:turquoise
497:in 1821,
489:in 1801,
459:oxidation
130:Species:
123:Gyroporus
102:Boletales
68:Kingdom:
62:Eukaryota
2174:11048757
2143:Fungorum
2122:60026603
2117:AusFungi
2102:Wikidata
2011:MycoBank
2003:10394728
1959:Fungorum
1909:BioLib:
1902:60026602
1897:AusFungi
1888:Q1462231
1882:Wikidata
1634:40865857
1626:17589879
1353:: 123–7.
1071:L. em".
957:MycoBank
924:See also
894:oxidized
834:eucalypt
804:necrosis
736:sautéing
650:cystidia
542:commonly
523:Michigan
481:include
479:synonyms
477:. Later
465:Taxonomy
316:Hymenium
275:hymenium
226:(Bull.)
217:P.Karst.
215:(Bull.)
175:Synonyms
108:Family:
58:Domain:
2161:5239561
1977:2524265
1848:Youtube
1706:Gyrodon
1685:8 April
1069:Boletus
858:Arizona
842:Florida
812:conidia
751:mordant
646:basidia
638:hyaline
608:variety
525:, USA.
455:variety
418:or the
118:Genus:
98:Order:
88:Class:
2148:207153
2016:356882
1990:335276
1964:356882
1951:GPRSCY
1938:195240
1724:
1632:
1624:
1585:
1552:
1525:
1498:
1471:
1465:169–71
1433:
1405:
1317:
1258:
1233:
1201:
1159:
1114:
830:Yunnan
790:poplar
753:used.
732:edible
659:hyphae
644:. The
634:Spores
623:indigo
451:edible
424:bolete
399:choice
366:yellow
298:convex
230:(1923)
219:(1882)
208:(1821)
168:(1886)
2169:IRMNG
2081:49501
2068:14744
2055:80648
1998:IRMNG
1925:3J32J
1912:60134
1783:FUNGI
1779:(PDF)
1630:S2CID
1343:(PDF)
864:var.
786:birch
619:lilac
613:var.
591:lilac
575:flesh
362:cream
331:Stipe
271:Pores
202:Pers.
166:Quél.
162:Bull.
72:Fungi
2156:GBIF
2135:MCGD
2050:NCBI
1972:GBIF
1946:EPPO
1722:ISSN
1708:and
1687:2024
1622:PMID
1583:ISSN
1550:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1157:ISBN
1112:ISSN
1098:var
1056:: 1.
912:, a
828:and
788:and
780:and
770:host
723:Uses
599:stem
597:The
570:buff
560:The
528:The
447:stem
443:buff
434:and
335:bare
302:flat
228:Beck
206:Gray
2130:CoL
2037:NBN
1933:EoL
1920:CoL
1834:in
1810:doi
1757:doi
1753:106
1712:".
1657:doi
1614:doi
1378:doi
1027:doi
985:doi
900:or
886:bis
818:).
730:is
621:to
564:of
562:cap
509:by
501:by
493:by
485:by
364:to
360:is
333:is
300:or
296:is
294:Cap
273:on
2193::
2171::
2158::
2145::
2132::
2119::
2104::
2078::
2065::
2052::
2039::
2026::
2013::
2000::
1987::
1974::
1961::
1948::
1935::
1922::
1899::
1884::
1785:.
1781:.
1704:,
1678:.
1651:.
1628:.
1620:.
1608:.
1467:.
1445:^
1417:^
1374:13
1372:.
1351:12
1349:.
1345:.
1299:^
1270:^
1213:^
1171:^
1141:^
1108:29
1106:.
1054:37
1048:.
955:.
920:.
860:.
661:.
642:ÎĽm
438:.
204:)
164:)
1816:.
1812::
1806:9
1787:3
1763:.
1759::
1728:.
1718:1
1689:.
1663:.
1659::
1653:7
1636:.
1616::
1610:4
1589:.
1579:5
1558:.
1531:.
1504:.
1477:.
1439:.
1411:.
1384:.
1380::
1323:.
1293:.
1284:"
1280:"
1264:.
1239:.
1207:.
1165:.
1118:.
1077:2
1033:.
1029::
991:.
987::
966:.
949:"
200:(
160:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
