216:
31:
204:. In October they tested for the first time their gaseous oxygen - methyl alcohol rocket motor. They used an area of the Arroyo Seco on the western edge of Pasadena, "a stone’s throw from the present-day Jet Propulsion Laboratory." After a series of tests, they tested the motor in that location for the last time in January 1937; it ran for 44 seconds at a chamber pressure of 75 psi. In March,
636:. Essays on the History of rocketry and astronautics: proceedings of the third through the sixth Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics. NASA conference publication, 2014. Vol. 2 Part III The Development of Liquid- and Solid-propellant Rockets, 1880–1945. Washington, D.C.: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Office (published September 1977). p. 153.
169:
208:, then an assistant in the Astrophysical Laboratory at Caltech, joined the group as a photographer. Tests of a motor that used nitrogen dioxide as the oxidizer were conducted in the GALCIT lab. A misfire of that motor gained the project the nickname, "The Suicide Squad." During 1938 Smith went to work for
279:
established the ORDCIT Project, and JPL/GALCIT was formally organized to carry out this work. Later, in a history of early rocketry Malina wrote that the work of the JPL was "considered to include" the research carried out by the GALCIT Rocket
Research Group from 1936 on.
81:, GALCIT was once again renamed, taking on the new name Graduate Aerospace Laboratories of the California Institute of Technology (while continuing to maintain the acronym GALCIT) in order to reflect its vigorous re-engagement with space engineering and with
183:
began part-time work at the GALCIT ten-foot wind tunnel, the
Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel. In 1935 he became a Graduate Assistant in the lab. In early 1936, with the aid of a graduate assistant to von Kármán,
692:
255:
asked GALCIT to study the possible use of rockets to propel long-range missiles. In response, Malina and Tsien wrote a report dated 20 November 1943, which was the first document to use the
259:
name. Von Kármán added a cover memorandum, signing it as "Director, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory," but as far as Caltech was concerned JPL did not yet formally exist. In early 1944 the
77:
In 1961 the GALCIT acronym was retained while the name changed to
Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories at the California Institute of Technology. In 2006, during the directorship of
231:
In early 1939, the
National Academy of Sciences provided $ 1,000 to von Kármán and the Rocket Research Group to research rocket-assisted take-off of aircraft. This
469:
149:
702:
212:. Arnold left Caltech for New York. Tsien devoted more of his time to completing his doctorate. Malina, Parsons and Forman continued with the project.
687:
501:
Millikan, Clark B. (1948). High-Speed
Testing in the Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel. Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences. 15(2): 69-88.
117:
603:
697:
104:
on June 16, 1926. Between 1926 and 1930 the fund disbursed $ 3 million, making grants that established schools or research centers at
66:
began there in 1936. GALCIT was the first—and from 1936 to 1940 the only—university-based rocket research center. Based on GALCIT's
43:
572:
453:
389:
362:
276:
524:
125:
405:
252:
672:
473:
215:
256:
173:
153:
71:
290:
59:
296:
121:
489:
Millikan, Clark B. (1945) The
Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel. Engineering and Science. 8 (7): 3.
145:
137:
513:
Gally, Sid. (1 August 2010). Southern
California Cooperative Wind Tunnel. Pasadena Star News. Pasadena, CA.
320:
302:
236:
189:
113:
157:
235:
research was the first rocket research to receive financial support from the U.S. government. In 1942,
148:, convinced von Kármán to emigrate to the United States and become director of GALCIT. Eventually, the
144:, and the California Institute of Technology. It was the Guggenheims who, along with Caltech president
62:
accepted the directorship of the lab and emigrated to the United States. Under his leadership, work on
30:
662:
152:(NACA) became so concerned about GALCIT's growing influence over West coast aviation, it erected the
185:
141:
133:
109:
105:
633:
The U.S. Army Air Corps Jet
Propulsion Research Project, GALCIT Project No. 1, 1939–1946: A Memoir
196:—began the GALCIT Rocket Research Project. They were soon joined by two GALCIT graduate students,
272:
268:
260:
205:
129:
51:
239:
was hired to work in mechanical design on the
Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel under
637:
631:
610:
568:
449:
385:
264:
93:
209:
193:
160:
in part to deter an ever-widening aeronautical gap that had formed between NACA and GALCIT.
97:
314:
308:
197:
78:
366:
219:
Take-off on August 12, 1941 of America's first "rocket-assisted" fixed-wing aircraft, an
589:
240:
681:
528:
263:
asked GALCIT to develop missiles for field use, which led to the development of the
627:
409:
201:
180:
55:
604:"Development of the Corporal: the embryo of the army missile program, volume 1"
74:
was established under a contract with the United States Army in November 1943.
549:
527:. l'Observatoire Leonardo pour les Arts et les Techno-Sciences. Archived from
430:
641:
345:
176:
commemorating the first GALCIT liquid propellant rocket engine test firing.
168:
550:"Orders of Magnitude - A History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990, Ch. 2"
431:"Orders of Magnitude - A History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990, Ch. 1"
657:
220:
17:
63:
214:
167:
34:
The Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory building at Caltech in 2017
29:
470:"Daniel and Harry Guggenheim – Supporters of Aviation Technology"
667:
232:
224:
67:
346:"NASA Sounding Rockets, 1958-1968: A Historical Summary, Ch. 2"
82:
382:
To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S. Launch Vehicles
693:
California Institute of Technology buildings and structures
590:"Von Karman, Malina laid the groundwork for the future JPL"
609:. Army Ballistic Missile Agency. p. 7. Archived from
497:
495:
485:
483:
102:
Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics
472:. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from
27:
Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology
509:
507:
565:This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age
446:This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age
223:fitted with a GALCIT developed solid propellant
525:"Memoir on the GALCIT Rocket Research Project"
8:
150:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
384:. University of Kentucky. pp. 39–42.
357:
355:
54:created in 1926, at first specializing in
340:
338:
334:
188:, Malina and two rocket enthusiasts --
58:research. In 1930, Hungarian scientist
118:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
44:California Institute of Technology
40:Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory
25:
703:1926 establishments in California
688:Aeronautical engineering schools
630:(1969). Hall, R. Cargill (ed.).
567:. Modern Library. p. 111.
126:Georgia Institute of Technology
448:. Modern Library. p. 88.
100:(an aviator), established the
1:
563:Burrows, William E. (1999).
444:Burrows, William E. (1999).
406:"GALCIT: The First 75 Years"
325:2015–present, Morteza Gharib
719:
698:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
673:Verein für Raumschiffahrt
523:Malina, Frank J. (1967).
257:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
174:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
72:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
70:project at the time, the
408:. GALCIT. Archived from
297:Clark Blanchard Millikan
122:University of Washington
380:Launius, Roger (2002).
164:Rocket Research Project
146:Robert Andrews Millikan
138:Northwestern University
365:. NASA. Archived from
321:Guruswami Ravichandran
303:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
228:
177:
114:University of Michigan
35:
363:"Theodore von Karman"
218:
171:
158:Sunnyvale, California
33:
663:Ernest Edwin Sechler
291:Theodore von Kármán
275:missiles. The Army
142:University of Akron
134:Syracuse University
110:Stanford University
106:New York University
60:Theodore von Kármán
261:United States Army
247:U.S. Army missiles
243:and Hap Richards.
229:
178:
130:Harvard University
52:research institute
36:
94:Daniel Guggenheim
16:(Redirected from
710:
646:
645:
624:
618:
617:
615:
608:
600:
594:
593:
585:
579:
578:
560:
554:
553:
546:
540:
539:
537:
536:
520:
514:
511:
502:
499:
490:
487:
478:
477:
466:
460:
459:
441:
435:
434:
427:
421:
420:
418:
417:
402:
396:
395:
377:
371:
370:
359:
350:
349:
342:
210:Douglas Aircraft
194:Edward S. Forman
172:A plaque at the
98:Harry Guggenheim
21:
718:
717:
713:
712:
711:
709:
708:
707:
678:
677:
654:
649:
626:
625:
621:
613:
606:
602:
601:
597:
587:
586:
582:
575:
562:
561:
557:
548:
547:
543:
534:
532:
522:
521:
517:
512:
505:
500:
493:
488:
481:
468:
467:
463:
456:
443:
442:
438:
429:
428:
424:
415:
413:
404:
403:
399:
392:
379:
378:
374:
361:
360:
353:
344:
343:
336:
332:
315:Ares J. Rosakis
309:Hans G. Hornung
286:
253:Army Air Forces
249:
198:Tsien Hsue-shen
181:Frank J. Malina
166:
154:Ames Laboratory
91:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
716:
714:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
680:
679:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
653:
650:
648:
647:
619:
616:on 2009-03-26.
595:
580:
573:
555:
541:
515:
503:
491:
479:
476:on 2006-10-11.
461:
454:
436:
422:
397:
390:
372:
369:on 2007-06-02.
351:
333:
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
293:
285:
282:
277:Ordnance Corps
248:
245:
241:Mark Serrurier
186:William Bollay
165:
162:
90:
87:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
715:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
683:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
643:
639:
635:
634:
629:
628:Malina, F. J.
623:
620:
612:
605:
599:
596:
591:
588:Bluth, John.
584:
581:
576:
574:0-375-75485-7
570:
566:
559:
556:
552:. NASA. 1989.
551:
545:
542:
531:on 2012-02-05
530:
526:
519:
516:
510:
508:
504:
498:
496:
492:
486:
484:
480:
475:
471:
465:
462:
457:
455:0-375-75485-7
451:
447:
440:
437:
433:. NASA. 1989.
432:
426:
423:
412:on 2007-04-15
411:
407:
401:
398:
393:
391:0-813-12245-7
387:
383:
376:
373:
368:
364:
358:
356:
352:
348:. NASA. 1971.
347:
341:
339:
335:
329:
324:
322:
318:
316:
312:
310:
306:
304:
300:
298:
294:
292:
288:
287:
283:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
246:
244:
242:
238:
237:Rolf Sabersky
234:
226:
222:
217:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
175:
170:
163:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:and his son,
95:
88:
86:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
632:
622:
611:the original
598:
583:
564:
558:
544:
533:. Retrieved
529:the original
518:
474:the original
464:
445:
439:
425:
414:. Retrieved
410:the original
400:
381:
375:
367:the original
251:In 1943 the
250:
230:
202:A.M.O. Smith
190:Jack Parsons
179:
101:
92:
79:Ares Rosakis
76:
47:
39:
37:
319:2009–2015,
313:2004-2009,
307:1987–2003,
301:1972-1985,
295:1949-1966,
289:1930-1949,
206:Weld Arnold
56:aeronautics
682:Categories
644:. CP 2014.
535:2007-04-10
416:2007-04-15
330:References
284:Directors
50:), was a
652:See also
273:Sergeant
269:Corporal
227:booster.
89:Founding
658:Aerojet
642:5354560
265:Private
221:Ercoupe
64:rockets
42:at the
640:
592:. JPL.
571:
452:
388:
271:, and
140:, the
124:, the
120:, the
116:, the
112:, the
48:GALCIT
18:GALCIT
614:(PDF)
607:(PDF)
668:NACA
638:OCLC
569:ISBN
450:ISBN
386:ISBN
233:JATO
225:JATO
200:and
192:and
68:JATO
38:The
156:in
83:JPL
684::
506:^
494:^
482:^
354:^
337:^
267:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
108:,
85:.
577:.
538:.
458:.
419:.
394:.
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
