323:
300:
197:
222:
574:
329:
228:
3529:
1511:. The activity of GDNF, as well as other GFLs, is mediated by RET receptor tyrosine kinase. In order for the receptor to modulate GDNF activity, GDNF must also be bound to GFRα1. The intensity and duration of RET signaling can likewise be monitored by the GPI-anchor of GFRα1 by interacting with compartments of the cell membrane, such as lipid rafts or cleavage by
1406:, PACE4, PC5A, PC5B, and PC7. Because multiple proteases can cleave the protein precursor, four different mature forms of GDNF can be produced. The proteolytic processing of GDNF requires SorLA, a protein sorting receptor. SorLA does not bind to any other GFLs. The mature form of the protein is a ligand for the product of the
42:
1542:
began a five-year clinical trial on
Parkinson's sufferers, in which surgeons introduced a port into the skull of each of the 41 participants through which the drug could be delivered, in order to enable it to reach the damaged cells directly. The results of the double-blind trial, where half the
1543:
participants were randomly assigned to receive regular infusions of GDNF and the other half placebo infusions, did not show a statistically significant difference between the active treatment group and those who received placebo, but did confirm the effects on damaged brain cells.
1410:(rearranged during transfection) protooncogene. In addition to the transcript encoding GDNF, two additional alternative transcripts encoding distinct proteins, referred to as astrocyte-derived trophic factors, have also been described. Mutations in this gene may be associated with
68:
1582:, which is the mechanism behind the alkaloid's anti-addictive effect. Rodent models for a non-psychedelic analogue of this compound show promise in promoting GDNF expression without the hallucinogenic or cardiotoxic effects well documented for ibogaine.
3203:
Haniu M, Hui J, Young Y, Le J, Katta V, Lee R, et al. (December 1996). "Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: selective reduction of the intermolecular disulfide linkage and characterization of its disulfide structure".
1378:, pro-GDNF. The pre-sequence leads the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum for secretion. While secretion takes place, the protein precursor folds via a sulfide-sulfide bond and dimerizes. The protein then is modified by
1428:. It prevents apoptosis in motor neurons during development, decreases the overall loss of neurons during development, rescues cells from axotomy-induced death, and prevents chronic degeneration.
4310:
3094:
Angrist M, Bolk S, Halushka M, Lapchak PA, Chakravarti A (November 1996). "Germline mutations in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and RET in a
Hirschsprung disease patient".
2770:
Schindelhauer D, Schuffenhauer S, Gasser T, Steinkasserer A, Meitinger T (August 1995). "The gene coding for glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) maps to chromosome 5p12-p13.1".
2410:
2380:
1479:, which occurs during the secretion of pro-GDNF, takes place at the tip of one of the finger-like structures. The C-terminal of mature GDNF plays an important role in binding with both
1523:(NCAM). GDNF can associate with NCAM through its GFRα1 GPI-anchor. The association between GDNF and NCAM results in the activation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and FAK.
2895:
Schaar DG, Sieber BA, Sherwood AC, Dean D, Mendoza G, Ramakrishnan L, et al. (December 1994). "Multiple astrocyte transcripts encode nigral trophic factors in rat and human".
3131:
Salomon R, Attié T, Pelet A, Bidaud C, Eng C, Amiel J, et al. (November 1996). "Germline mutations of the RET ligand GDNF are not sufficient to cause
Hirschsprung disease".
2850:
Oppenheim RW, Houenou LJ, Johnson JE, Lin LF, Li L, Lo AC, et al. (January 1995). "Developing motor neurons rescued from programmed and axotomy-induced cell death by GDNF".
1937:
Kotzbauer PT, Lampe PA, Heuckeroth RO, Golden JP, Creedon DJ, Johnson EM, et al. (December 1996). "Neurturin, a relative of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor".
1566:
manufactured the CED device on behalf of North
Bristol NHS Trust and provided additional technical and analytical support. The Gatsby Foundation provided a 3T MRI scanner.
2665:
Maier HB, Neyazi M, Neyazi A, Hillemacher T, Pathak H, Rhein M, et al. (February 2020). "Alcohol consumption alters Gdnf promoter methylation and expression in rats".
1753:
1558:. Study drug, additional project resources and supplementary funding was provided by MedGenesis Therapeutix Inc., who in turn received program funding support from the
336:
235:
6225:
1315:(RET) and by forming gradient with SCF it divides the spermatogonia into two cells. As the result there is retention of spermatogonia and formation of spermatocyte.
4303:
7185:
3782:
3569:
1593:
intake but downregulated during withdrawal from excessive alcohol intake. Specifically, one study showed that alcohol withdrawal alters the expression of Gdnf in
2969:
Bermingham N, Hillermann R, Gilmour F, Martin JE, Fisher EM (December 1995). "Human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) maps to chromosome 5".
6841:
5606:
4296:
962:
2932:
Lin LF, Doherty DH, Lile JD, Bektesh S, Collins F (May 1993). "GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons".
1703:
Lin LF, Doherty DH, Lile JD, Bektesh S, Collins F (May 1993). "GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons".
943:
5664:
1417:
GDNF has the ability to activate the ERK-1 and ERK-2 isoforms of MAP kinase in sympathetic neurons as well as P13K/AKT pathways via activation of its
158:
6526:
6216:
3820:
2360:
Vitamin D is a potent inducer of endogenous GDNF. The most prominent feature of GDNF is its ability to support the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
3006:
Gash DM, Zhang Z, Ovadia A, Cass WA, Yi A, Simmerman L, et al. (March 1996). "Functional recovery in parkinsonian monkeys treated with GDNF".
5821:
3426:"Regulation of natural cell death in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra by striatal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in vivo"
2079:"Regulation of natural cell death in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra by striatal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in vivo"
4806:
4489:
4045:
2402:
2372:
7204:
7154:
7125:
7072:
5559:
5426:
3508:
1685:
2512:"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor mediates the desirable actions of the anti-addiction drug ibogaine against alcohol consumption"
1667:
7242:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
4424:
4408:
4246:
4241:
4236:
2440:
322:
5152:
5071:
4938:
4855:
3528:
6867:
4228:
3787:
3562:
1991:
Ibáñez CF, Andressoo JO (January 2017). "Biology of GDNF and its receptors - Relevance for disorders of the central nervous system".
1222:
299:
6556:
5675:
5235:
4846:
3848:
3607:
1229:
4504:
4448:
4439:
1749:
7078:
4134:
4063:
1654:
1633:
7165:
7141:
6281:
5837:
5700:
4195:
3863:
2712:
Hofstra RM, Osinga J, Buys CH (1998). "Mutations in
Hirschsprung disease: when does a mutation contribute to the phenotype".
1531:
GDNF has been investigated as a treatment for
Parkinson's disease, though early research has not shown a significant effect.
1650:
2238:"Binding of GDNF and neurturin to human GDNF family receptor alpha 1 and 2. Influence of cRET and cooperative interactions"
221:
196:
65:
7131:
3555:
1559:
1520:
1436:
1629:
7175:
5571:
5453:
5443:
4122:
4117:
3813:
3750:
1508:
138:
3476:
6521:
4251:
4013:
3719:
1500:
6546:
2463:"Randomized trial of intermittent intraputamenal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson's disease"
335:
234:
7160:
4986:
4107:
4090:
4055:
3892:
3724:
1311:. It is also responsible for the determination of spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes, i.e. it is received by
6541:
3053:"GDNF-induced activation of the ret protein tyrosine kinase is mediated by GDNFR-alpha, a novel receptor for GDNF"
7068:
3501:
1418:
328:
227:
5252:
5168:
5087:
4954:
4871:
4277:
3837:
3480:
2034:
Airaksinen MS, Saarma M (May 2002). "The GDNF family: signalling, biological functions and therapeutic value".
1007:
146:
4686:
1411:
7252:
6852:
4599:
4474:
4256:
4040:
3806:
1555:
1551:
1335:
GDNF is highly distributed throughout both the peripheral and central nervous system. It can be secreted by
988:
6531:
7136:
6752:
6656:
6516:
6276:
5695:
4681:
4319:
3745:
3627:
1598:
1579:
1476:
1432:
1379:
1324:
2741:
Martucciello G, Ceccherini I, Lerone M, Jasonni V (July 2000). "Pathogenesis of
Hirschsprung's disease".
7210:
5407:
5051:
4691:
4330:
1539:
3547:
2318:
2236:
Cik M, Masure S, Lesage AS, Van Der Linden I, Van Gompel P, Pangalos MN, et al. (September 2000).
2510:
He DY, McGough NN, Ravindranathan A, Jeanblanc J, Logrip ML, Phamluong K, et al. (January 2005).
7150:
6536:
5468:
5417:
3586:
3494:
3015:
2941:
2859:
2812:
2572:
2279:"The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM is an alternative signaling receptor for GDNF family ligands"
2141:
1946:
1712:
210:
6286:
4361:
3235:"Glial-derived neurotrophic factor in human adult and fetal intestine and in Hirschsprung's disease"
3170:"De novo mutation of GDNF, ligand for the RET/GDNFR-alpha receptor complex, in Hirschsprung disease"
125:
6291:
5705:
5402:
4594:
4272:
3602:
1448:
1363:
1359:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1083:
1079:
1075:
5327:
6909:
6822:
6767:
6721:
6666:
6401:
6341:
5969:
5342:
5272:
4831:
4429:
4371:
4322:
3156:
3119:
3082:
3039:
2994:
2920:
2883:
2838:
2690:
2059:
2016:
1970:
1516:
1480:
1407:
1312:
713:
positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
170:
6904:
6782:
6681:
6467:
6356:
6156:
6116:
5864:
5783:
5645:
5586:
5548:
5493:
5488:
5478:
5352:
5347:
5317:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5163:
5082:
5021:
4949:
4928:
4913:
4866:
4519:
1362:. The recombinant form of this protein was shown to promote the survival and differentiation of
1205:
1172:
1156:
1118:
1097:
1087:
1071:
7004:
6862:
6797:
6777:
6696:
6676:
6391:
6371:
6351:
5994:
5322:
5046:
4579:
4376:
2432:
7247:
6827:
6817:
6772:
6726:
6716:
6671:
6596:
6495:
6462:
6442:
6406:
6396:
6346:
6306:
5778:
5758:
5725:
5508:
5357:
3457:
3412:
3369:
3326:
3291:
3256:
3221:
3191:
3148:
3111:
3074:
3031:
2986:
2957:
2912:
2875:
2830:
2787:
2758:
2729:
2682:
2647:
2598:
2541:
2492:
2300:
2259:
2218:
2169:
2110:
2051:
2008:
1962:
1914:
1891:
Glerup S, Lume M, Olsen D, Nyengaard JR, Vaegter CB, Gustafsen C, et al. (January 2013).
1873:
1809:
1728:
1602:
1547:
1424:
The most prominent feature of GDNF is its ability to support the survival of dopaminergic and
1387:
1375:
118:
58:
6787:
6686:
6581:
6485:
6437:
6430:
6416:
6361:
6331:
5811:
5801:
5753:
5735:
5498:
5337:
5282:
7014:
6146:
3447:
3437:
3402:
3394:
3359:
3351:
3316:
3281:
3246:
3213:
3181:
3140:
3103:
3064:
3023:
2978:
2949:
2904:
2867:
2820:
2779:
2750:
2721:
2674:
2637:
2629:
2588:
2580:
2531:
2523:
2482:
2474:
2349:
2290:
2249:
2208:
2200:
2159:
2149:
2100:
2090:
2043:
2000:
1954:
1904:
1863:
1853:
1799:
1720:
1340:
415:
346:
290:
245:
5538:
6626:
4174:
4169:
4027:
1606:
1383:
1352:
573:
390:
166:
2559:
Cameron LP, Tombari RJ, Lu J, Pell AJ, Hurley ZQ, Ehinger Y, et al. (January 2021).
1893:"SorLA controls neurotrophic activity by sorting of GDNF and its receptors GFRα1 and RET"
3303:
Eng C, Myers SM, Kogon MD, Sanicola M, Hession C, Cate RL, et al. (February 1998).
3019:
2945:
2863:
2816:
2799:
Tomac A, Lindqvist E, Lin LF, Ogren SO, Young D, Hoffer BJ, et al. (January 1995).
2576:
2189:"GDNF promotes hair formation and cutaneous wound healing by targeting bulge stem cells"
2145:
1950:
1716:
7200:
7121:
7063:
6757:
6606:
6601:
5715:
5710:
4356:
4346:
4341:
3612:
3582:
3578:
3452:
3442:
3425:
3364:
3339:
2642:
2617:
2593:
2560:
2536:
2511:
2487:
2462:
2213:
2188:
2164:
2129:
2105:
2095:
2078:
1868:
1841:
1590:
3407:
3382:
3251:
3234:
3069:
3052:
2295:
2278:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
661:
656:
651:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
7236:
6894:
6807:
6736:
6706:
6641:
6551:
6505:
6381:
6311:
6256:
6245:
5730:
5438:
5121:
5026:
4918:
3829:
3729:
3594:
3338:
Amiel J, Salomon R, Attié T, Pelet A, Trang H, Mokhtari M, et al. (March 1998).
2694:
2678:
1512:
1456:
1452:
1348:
1344:
602:
4288:
3160:
3123:
2998:
2924:
2020:
7220:
7190:
6929:
6919:
6812:
6711:
6566:
6386:
6321:
6236:
5740:
5543:
5382:
5377:
5297:
5247:
5061:
4815:
4796:
4775:
4746:
4469:
4464:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3383:"Casein kinase II interacts with the bZIP domains of several transcription factors"
3086:
3043:
2887:
2842:
2527:
2063:
1974:
1563:
1504:
1444:
408:
187:
150:
2461:
Whone A, Luz M, Boca M, Woolley M, Mooney L, Dharia S, et al. (March 2019).
2403:"GDNF clinical trial offers hope of restoring brain cells damaged in Parkinson's"
1909:
1892:
808:
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
174:
7180:
7146:
7044:
7034:
7029:
7019:
6969:
6792:
6691:
6452:
6366:
6296:
6191:
5954:
5919:
5869:
5832:
5768:
5650:
5581:
5533:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5397:
5392:
5387:
4765:
4676:
4666:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4609:
4569:
4534:
3270:"GFRalpha-2 and GFRalpha-3 are two new receptors for ligands of the GDNF family"
2801:"Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo"
1690:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1672:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1459:
by targeting resident hair follicle stem cells (BSCs) in the bulge compartment.
1425:
1391:
2433:"Pioneering trial offers hope for restoring brain cells damaged in Parkinson's"
2354:
2337:
2134:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1858:
1299:. GDNF is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of
491:
6999:
6964:
6959:
6949:
6939:
6857:
6646:
6621:
6611:
6457:
6411:
6271:
6097:
6066:
6035:
6004:
5949:
5924:
5904:
5889:
5879:
5773:
5690:
5483:
5463:
5362:
5307:
5302:
5126:
5031:
5016:
4811:
4770:
4742:
4711:
4671:
4574:
4529:
4524:
4499:
4494:
4484:
4397:
4391:
4381:
4078:
4073:
4068:
3755:
3305:"Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the human GDNFR-alpha gene"
2584:
2204:
2004:
1840:
Cintrón-Colón AF, Almeida-Alves G, Boynton AM, Spitsbergen JM (October 2020).
1468:
1395:
1336:
307:
204:
154:
3398:
3286:
3269:
1550:(Grant J-1102), with support from The Cure Parkinson’s Trust (whose founder,
7024:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6954:
6944:
6934:
6924:
6616:
6576:
6472:
6447:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6166:
6087:
6025:
5959:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5914:
5909:
5899:
5894:
5788:
5763:
5528:
5448:
5367:
5312:
5202:
5141:
5131:
5036:
4923:
4721:
4716:
4706:
4614:
4604:
4589:
4564:
4559:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4179:
4035:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3650:
3645:
3381:
Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Suzuki F, Takagi T, Hasegawa J, Handa H (August 1998).
3268:
Jing S, Yu Y, Fang M, Hu Z, Holst PL, Boone T, et al. (December 1997).
3186:
3169:
2953:
2323:
The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research | Parkinson's Disease
2154:
1724:
1594:
1532:
1367:
907:
551:
429:
374:
361:
273:
260:
162:
3461:
3321:
3304:
2908:
2783:
2762:
2754:
2686:
2651:
2602:
2545:
2496:
2478:
2338:"Vitamin D as an effective treatment approach for drug abuse and addiction"
2304:
2263:
2254:
2237:
2222:
2173:
2130:"GDNF is a fast-acting potent inhibitor of alcohol consumption and relapse"
2114:
2055:
2012:
1918:
1877:
1813:
3416:
3373:
3330:
3295:
3260:
3225:
3195:
3152:
3115:
3078:
3035:
2990:
2961:
2916:
2879:
2834:
2791:
2733:
1966:
1732:
1269:
1264:
728:
mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
7195:
6914:
6571:
6171:
6161:
6141:
6076:
6045:
6014:
5978:
5884:
5874:
5221:
4701:
4644:
4554:
4514:
3989:
1575:
1488:
1484:
1472:
1402:
that play a role in the proteolysis of pro-GDNF into mature GDNF include
1399:
1355:
during the development and growth of neurons and other peripheral cells.
1308:
1253:
1052:
1033:
7170:
6591:
6056:
5458:
4419:
4164:
4103:
3640:
3144:
3107:
3051:
Jing S, Wen D, Yu Y, Holst PL, Luo Y, Fang M, et al. (June 1996).
2982:
1371:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1019:
974:
848:
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
3217:
2725:
2633:
2561:"A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential"
1932:
1930:
1928:
1842:"GDNF synthesis, signaling, and retrograde transport in motor neurons"
1487:
receptor. The C-terminus forms a loop out of the interactions between
1421:. It can also activate Src-family kinases through its GFRα1 receptor.
95:
91:
87:
7083:
6747:
6636:
6561:
6266:
6261:
5685:
5680:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5262:
4801:
4479:
3660:
3027:
2871:
2825:
2800:
1958:
1440:
1237:
929:
129:, ATF1, ATF2, HFB1-HSCR3, glial cell derived neurotrophic factor, ATF
2187:
Lisse TS, Sharma M, Vishlaghi N, Pullagura SR, Braun RE (Jun 2020).
2128:
Carnicella S, Kharazia V, Jeanblanc J, Janak PH, Ron D (June 2008).
1986:
1984:
1804:
1787:
17:
3355:
2047:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7087:
6802:
6701:
6376:
6316:
6130:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5332:
5196:
5115:
5111:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4907:
4903:
4754:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3919:
3910:
3906:
1403:
3798:
1447:, and has a powerful and rapid negative (ameliorating) effect on
892:
888:
6586:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
4994:
4990:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4785:
4750:
4731:
3928:
3915:
3902:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3859:
3617:
1586:
1296:
142:
4292:
3802:
3551:
3490:
3340:"Mutations of the RET-GDNF signaling pathway in Ondine's curse"
688:
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
582:
41:
3486:
2373:"The radical drug trial hoping for a miracle Parkinson's cure"
1499:
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to
1471:. GDNF has two finger-like structures that interact with the
3233:
Bär KJ, Facer P, Williams NS, Tam PK, Anand P (April 1997).
1323:
GDNF was discovered in 1991, and is the first member of the
3168:
Ivanchuk SM, Myers SM, Eng C, Mulligan LM (December 1996).
2319:"Intermittent Bilateral Intraputamenal Treatment with GDNF"
1750:"Entrez Gene: GDNF glial cell derived neurotrophic factor"
1519:
members also have the ability to be activated through the
2616:
Barak S, Ahmadiantehrani S, Logrip ML, Ron D (May 2019).
828:
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
398:
7186:
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
1585:
There is evidence, that Gdnf is an alcohol-responsive
563:
1554:, was one of the participants) and was sponsored by
783:
positive regulation of cell population proliferation
723:
regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure
7053:
6840:
6735:
6504:
6244:
6235:
6215:
6129:
6106:
6075:
6044:
6013:
5977:
5968:
5820:
5663:
5596:
5558:
5425:
5416:
5234:
5211:
5151:
5070:
4937:
4854:
4845:
4784:
4730:
4643:
4447:
4438:
4407:
4329:
4265:
4227:
4194:
4131:
4100:
4089:
4054:
4026:
3984:
3945:
3889:
3845:
3836:
3738:
3712:
3659:
3626:
3593:
1186:
1149:
1111:
1070:
7132:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)
5990:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
5643:Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1560:Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research
636:chemoattractant activity involved in axon guidance
3537:: GLIAL CELL-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR FROM RAT
878:regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway
345:
244:
7166:Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)
1431:These neuronal populations die in the course of
763:postganglionic parasympathetic fiber development
758:branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
4807:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
4490:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
1394:due to a proteolytic consensus sequence in its
1374:. GDNF is synthesized as a 211 amino acid-long
843:negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
27:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1651:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022144
7218:Additional growth factor receptor modulators:
4304:
3814:
3563:
3502:
793:positive regulation of ureteric bud formation
743:positive regulation of monooxygenase activity
8:
5572:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
5454:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
5444:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)
2277:Paratcha G, Ledda F, Ibáñez CF (June 2003).
3477:Glial+Cell+Line-Derived+Neurotrophic+Factor
3424:Oo TF, Kholodilov N, Burke RE (June 2003).
2077:Oo TF, Kholodilov N, Burke RE (June 2003).
1630:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000168621
1574:Administration of the African hallucinogen
1282:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
788:positive regulation of cell differentiation
6241:
5974:
5422:
4851:
4444:
4311:
4297:
4289:
4097:
3842:
3821:
3807:
3799:
3570:
3556:
3548:
3509:
3495:
3487:
1578:potently increases GDNF expression in the
1067:
903:
598:
464:Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis
386:
285:
182:
76:
3479:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3451:
3441:
3406:
3363:
3320:
3285:
3250:
3185:
3068:
2824:
2641:
2592:
2535:
2486:
2353:
2294:
2253:
2212:
2163:
2153:
2104:
2094:
1908:
1867:
1857:
1803:
1358:The GDNF gene encodes a highly conserved
853:regulation of signaling receptor activity
768:positive regulation of dopamine secretion
7176:Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1781:
1779:
1744:
1742:
1467:GDNF has a structure that is similar to
1382:during packaging and preparation in the
733:negative regulation of apoptotic process
452:Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
4505:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)
3524:
2342:Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas
1617:
1398:end and is cleaved to 134 amino acids.
718:regulation of stem cell differentiation
7079:Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)
698:sympathetic nervous system development
31:
7142:Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)
1788:"Biotechnology: Crossing the barrier"
693:peripheral nervous system development
350:
311:
306:
249:
208:
203:
7:
1366:in culture, and was able to prevent
3274:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2242:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1292:that, in humans, is encoded by the
530:migratory enteric neural crest cell
3443:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05141.2003
3344:American Journal of Human Genetics
2714:European Journal of Human Genetics
2413:from the original on 27 March 2019
2383:from the original on 10 March 2019
2096:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05141.2003
1535:potently induces GDNF expression.
1491:Cys131, Cy133, Cys68, and Cys 72.
1183:
1146:
1108:
1043:
1024:
998:
979:
953:
934:
778:postsynaptic membrane organization
748:enteric nervous system development
657:intracellular anatomical structure
568:
486:
424:
403:
25:
616:protein homodimerization activity
7161:Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
3527:
2679:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.10.020
873:commissural neuron axon guidance
572:
334:
327:
321:
298:
233:
226:
220:
195:
40:
6329:Negative allosteric modulators:
4135:Relaxin family peptide hormones
2667:Journal of Psychiatric Research
2618:"GDNF and alcohol use disorder"
2443:from the original on 2019-03-27
1756:from the original on 2010-03-07
1515:. In cells that lack RET, some
6647:Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)
5838:Platelet-derived growth factor
2528:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3959-04.2005
1589:upregulated during short-term
858:dorsal spinal cord development
583:More reference expression data
552:More reference expression data
1:
6853:Placental growth factor (PGF)
3252:10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70154-9
3070:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81311-2
2296:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00435-5
1597:related brain areas like the
1521:neural cell adhesion molecule
1437:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
818:neuron projection development
803:regulation of gene expression
526:epithelium of small intestine
456:muscle layer of sigmoid colon
319:
218:
7137:Glia maturation factor (GMF)
5646:Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)
2743:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
2036:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
1910:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.12.011
1509:GDNF family receptor alpha 1
1370:of motor neurons induced by
1319:GDNF family of ligands (GFL)
7243:Genes on human chromosome 5
3430:The Journal of Neuroscience
2516:The Journal of Neuroscience
2083:The Journal of Neuroscience
1439:(ALS). GDNF also regulates
863:embryonic organ development
773:neural crest cell migration
7269:
7069:Colony-stimulating factors
7061:Additional growth factors:
4108:Insulin-like growth factor
2355:10.1016/j.jmhi.2013.02.001
1859:10.1007/s00441-020-03287-6
1609:of the Gdnf gene in rats.
738:nervous system development
631:signaling receptor binding
6417:SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)
5589:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
5551:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
3522:
2585:10.1038/s41586-020-3008-z
2205:10.1038/s41536-020-0098-z
2193:npj Regenerative Medicine
2005:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.021
1686:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1668:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1527:Potential as therapeutics
1419:receptor tyrosine kinases
1268:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1236:
1217:
1190:
1153:
1142:
1115:
1094:
1063:
1050:
1046:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1005:
1001:
986:
982:
973:
960:
956:
941:
937:
928:
913:
906:
902:
886:
708:adult locomotory behavior
601:
597:
580:
571:
562:
549:
502:medullary collecting duct
498:
489:
468:quadriceps femoris muscle
436:
427:
397:
389:
385:
368:
355:
318:
297:
288:
284:
267:
254:
217:
194:
185:
181:
136:
133:
123:
116:
111:
84:
79:
62:
57:
52:
48:
39:
34:
5253:Hepatocyte growth factor
4812:Neuregulins (heregulins)
4743:Neuregulins (heregulins)
4687:Trastuzumab duocarmazine
4400:(against angiopoietin 2)
4394:(against angiopoietin 3)
3481:Medical Subject Headings
3287:10.1074/jbc.272.52.33111
3174:Human Molecular Genetics
2336:Eserian JK (July 2013).
1846:Cell and Tissue Research
1786:Vastag B (August 2010).
1546:The study was funded by
1455:formation and cutaneous
683:ureteric bud development
444:tibialis anterior muscle
4600:Depatuxizumab mafodotin
3948:FGF homologous factors:
2954:10.1126/science.8493557
2155:10.1073/pnas.0711755105
1993:Neurobiology of Disease
1725:10.1126/science.8493557
1570:Neuropsychopharmacology
1556:North Bristol NHS Trust
1223:Chr 5: 37.81 – 37.84 Mb
868:chemoattraction of axon
813:metanephros development
7223:(neurotrophin mixture)
7211:Wnt signaling proteins
6892:Allosteric modulators:
6612:Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)
4832:5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)
4682:Trastuzumab deruxtecan
4320:Growth factor receptor
3399:10.1093/nar/26.16.3854
3387:Nucleic Acids Research
3322:10.1038/sj.onc.1201573
2909:10.1006/exnr.1994.1218
2897:Experimental Neurology
2784:10.1006/geno.1995.1202
2755:10.1053/jpsu.2000.7763
2255:10.1074/jbc.M000306200
1599:ventral tegmental area
1580:ventral tegmental area
1477:N-linked glycosylation
1412:Hirschsprung's disease
1380:N-linked glycosylation
1325:GDNF family of ligands
1230:Chr 15: 7.84 – 7.87 Mb
798:ureteric bud formation
626:growth factor activity
7151:T-cell growth factors
5408:Telisotuzumab vedotin
4692:Trastuzumab emtansine
3187:10.1093/hmg/5.12.2023
2437:University of Bristol
1540:University of Bristol
1451:. GDNF also promotes
1303:. It signals through
313:Chromosome 15 (mouse)
5736:EVT-901 (SAR-127963)
5469:Mecasermin rinfabate
4229:Vascular endothelial
3587:Neurotrophic factors
2479:10.1093/brain/awz023
2409:. 27 February 2019.
1364:dopaminergic neurons
652:extracellular region
534:genitourinary system
460:gastrocnemius muscle
211:Chromosome 5 (human)
80:List of PDB id codes
53:Available structures
3020:1996Natur.380..252G
2946:1993Sci...260.1130L
2864:1995Natur.373..344O
2817:1995Natur.373..335T
2577:2021Natur.589..474C
2146:2008PNAS..105.8114C
1951:1996Natur.384..467K
1717:1993Sci...260.1130L
1449:alcohol consumption
1433:Parkinson's disease
1360:neurotrophic factor
823:signal transduction
662:extracellular space
6902:Kinase inhibitors:
6765:Kinase inhibitors:
6664:Kinase inhibitors:
6339:Kinase inhibitors:
6154:Kinase inhibitors:
6114:Kinase inhibitors:
6095:Kinase inhibitors:
6064:Kinase inhibitors:
6033:Kinase inhibitors:
6002:Kinase inhibitors:
5862:Kinase inhibitors:
5476:Kinase inhibitors:
5270:Kinase inhibitors:
5059:Kinase inhibitors:
5052:Aprutumab ixadotin
4699:Kinase inhibitors:
4512:Kinase inhibitors:
4369:Kinase inhibitors:
3145:10.1038/ng1196-345
3108:10.1038/ng1196-341
2983:10.1007/BF00210297
1517:GDNF family ligand
1313:RET proto-oncogene
1008:ENSMUSG00000022144
753:mRNA stabilization
671:Biological process
645:Cellular component
609:Molecular function
510:muscularis mucosae
506:inner muscle layer
7230:
7229:
6836:
6835:
6597:N-Acetylserotonin
6496:ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)
6125:
6124:
5659:
5658:
5604:Binding proteins:
5263:Dihexa (PNB-0408)
5230:
5229:
4841:
4840:
4755:6 (neuroglycan C)
4475:EGF (urogastrone)
4453:
4286:
4285:
4190:
4189:
4022:
4021:
3796:
3795:
3545:
3544:
3218:10.1021/bi9605550
3212:(51): 16799–805.
2726:10.1159/000484760
2634:10.1111/adb.12628
2622:Addiction Biology
2571:(7842): 474–479.
1603:Nucleus Accumbens
1388:protein precursor
1376:protein precursor
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1248:
1247:
1213:
1212:
1180:
1179:
1138:
1137:
1105:
1104:
1059:
1058:
1040:
1039:
1014:
1013:
995:
994:
969:
968:
950:
949:
898:
897:
593:
592:
589:
588:
558:
557:
545:
544:
483:
482:
381:
380:
280:
279:
107:
106:
103:
102:
63:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
7260:
7042:Decoy receptors:
7015:Alacizumab pegol
6493:Decoy receptors:
6242:
6147:Stem cell factor
6088:Persephin (PSPN)
6026:Neurturin (NRTN)
5975:
5812:LEVI-04 (p75-Fc)
5809:Decoy receptors:
5423:
4852:
4451:
4445:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4290:
4196:Platelet-derived
4138:
4111:
4098:
3992:
3950:
3896:
3853:
3843:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3800:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3531:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3488:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3420:
3410:
3377:
3367:
3334:
3324:
3299:
3289:
3264:
3254:
3239:Gastroenterology
3229:
3199:
3189:
3164:
3127:
3090:
3072:
3047:
3028:10.1038/380252a0
3002:
2965:
2940:(5111): 1130–2.
2928:
2891:
2872:10.1038/373344a0
2846:
2828:
2826:10.1038/373335a0
2795:
2766:
2737:
2699:
2698:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2596:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2248:(36): 27505–12.
2233:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2157:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2031:
2025:
2024:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1959:10.1038/384467a0
1945:(6608): 467–70.
1934:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1861:
1837:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1783:
1774:
1773:Scott F. Gilbert
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1711:(5111): 1130–2.
1700:
1694:
1693:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1664:
1658:
1648:
1637:
1627:
1443:development and
1341:oligodendrocytes
1261:
1260:
1232:
1225:
1208:
1184:
1175:
1147:
1143:RefSeq (protein)
1133:
1109:
1100:
1068:
1044:
1025:
999:
980:
954:
935:
904:
599:
585:
576:
569:
554:
522:Bowman's capsule
494:
492:Top expressed in
487:
432:
430:Top expressed in
425:
404:
387:
377:
364:
353:
338:
331:
325:
314:
302:
286:
276:
263:
252:
237:
230:
224:
213:
199:
183:
177:
175:GDNF - orthologs
128:
121:
98:
77:
71:
50:
49:
44:
32:
21:
7268:
7267:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7258:
7257:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7171:Midkine (NEGF2)
7049:
6832:
6731:
6500:
6438:ABT-110 (PG110)
6231:
6211:
6121:
6102:
6071:
6040:
6009:
5964:
5816:
5754:ABT-110 (PG110)
5655:
5592:
5554:
5412:
5226:
5207:
5147:
5144:(against FGF23)
5066:
4933:
4837:
4780:
4726:
4639:
4450:
4434:
4403:
4325:
4317:
4287:
4282:
4261:
4223:
4186:
4132:
4127:
4101:
4092:
4085:
4050:
4028:EGF-like domain
4018:
3985:
3980:
3946:
3941:
3890:
3885:
3846:
3832:
3827:
3797:
3792:
3734:
3708:
3655:
3622:
3589:
3576:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3532:
3518:
3515:
3473:
3468:
3423:
3393:(16): 3854–61.
3380:
3337:
3302:
3280:(52): 33111–7.
3267:
3232:
3202:
3167:
3133:Nature Genetics
3130:
3096:Nature Genetics
3093:
3050:
3014:(6571): 252–5.
3005:
2968:
2931:
2894:
2858:(6512): 344–6.
2849:
2811:(6512): 335–9.
2798:
2769:
2740:
2711:
2707:
2705:Further reading
2702:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2033:
2032:
2028:
1999:(Pt B): 80–89.
1990:
1989:
1982:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1839:
1838:
1821:
1805:10.1038/466916a
1798:(7309): 916–8.
1785:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1649:
1640:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1607:DNA methylation
1572:
1529:
1497:
1465:
1445:spermatogenesis
1386:. Finally, the
1384:Golgi apparatus
1353:skeletal muscle
1333:
1321:
1307:, particularly
1270:View/Edit Mouse
1265:View/Edit Human
1228:
1221:
1218:Location (UCSC)
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
989:ENSG00000168621
882:
703:organ induction
666:
640:
621:protein binding
581:
550:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
514:renal corpuscle
512:
508:
504:
490:
479:
476:mucosa of ileum
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
440:muscle of thigh
428:
372:
359:
351:
341:
340:
339:
332:
312:
289:Gene location (
271:
258:
250:
240:
239:
238:
231:
209:
186:Gene location (
137:
124:
117:
86:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7266:
7264:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7235:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7214:
7213:
7208:
7201:Thrombopoietin
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7122:Erythropoietin
7119:
7081:
7076:
7066:
7064:Adrenomedullin
7057:
7055:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7038:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7008:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6898:
6897:
6888:
6887:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6846:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6741:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6660:
6659:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6527:4'-DMA-7,8-DHF
6524:
6519:
6510:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6489:
6488:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6421:
6420:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6335:
6334:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6300:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6287:Gambogic amide
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6250:
6248:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6221:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6135:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6091:
6090:
6081:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6060:
6059:
6057:Artemin (ARTN)
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6029:
6028:
6019:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5983:
5981:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5858:
5857:
5835:
5826:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5805:
5804:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5669:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5639:
5638:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5584:
5575:
5574:
5564:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5266:
5265:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5166:
5157:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5085:
5076:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
4952:
4943:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4869:
4860:
4858:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4660:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4455:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4395:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4362:Angiopoietin 3
4359:
4357:Angiopoietin 2
4350:
4349:
4347:Angiopoietin 4
4344:
4342:Angiopoietin 1
4335:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4293:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4095:
4093:Relaxin family
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3953:
3951:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3926:
3913:
3899:
3897:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3870:
3856:
3854:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3830:Growth factors
3828:
3826:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3583:Nervous tissue
3579:Cell signaling
3577:
3575:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3472:
3471:External links
3469:
3467:
3466:
3436:(12): 5141–8.
3421:
3378:
3356:10.1086/301759
3335:
3315:(5): 597–601.
3300:
3265:
3230:
3200:
3180:(12): 2023–6.
3165:
3128:
3091:
3063:(7): 1113–24.
3048:
3003:
2971:Human Genetics
2966:
2929:
2892:
2847:
2796:
2767:
2749:(7): 1017–25.
2738:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2657:
2628:(3): 335–343.
2608:
2551:
2502:
2473:(3): 512–525.
2453:
2439:. 2019-02-19.
2424:
2394:
2364:
2328:
2310:
2269:
2228:
2179:
2140:(23): 8114–9.
2120:
2089:(12): 5141–8.
2069:
2048:10.1038/nrn812
2026:
1980:
1924:
1883:
1819:
1775:
1766:
1738:
1695:
1677:
1659:
1638:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1601:(VTA) and the
1571:
1568:
1548:Parkinson’s UK
1528:
1525:
1513:phospholipases
1496:
1493:
1464:
1461:
1332:
1329:
1320:
1317:
1305:GFRα receptors
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1002:
996:
993:
992:
984:
983:
977:
971:
970:
967:
966:
958:
957:
951:
948:
947:
939:
938:
932:
926:
925:
920:
915:
911:
910:
900:
899:
896:
895:
884:
883:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
674:
672:
668:
667:
665:
664:
659:
654:
648:
646:
642:
641:
639:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
612:
610:
606:
605:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
578:
577:
566:
560:
559:
556:
555:
547:
546:
543:
542:
540:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
495:
484:
481:
480:
478:
477:
473:
472:gastric mucosa
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:deltoid muscle
445:
441:
437:
434:
433:
421:
420:
412:
401:
395:
394:
391:RNA expression
383:
382:
379:
378:
370:
366:
365:
357:
354:
349:
343:
342:
333:
326:
320:
316:
315:
310:
304:
303:
295:
294:
282:
281:
278:
277:
269:
265:
264:
256:
253:
248:
242:
241:
232:
225:
219:
215:
214:
207:
201:
200:
192:
191:
179:
178:
135:
131:
130:
122:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
82:
81:
73:
72:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7265:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6896:
6895:Cyclotraxin B
6893:
6890:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6808:Larotrectinib
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6707:Larotrectinib
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6642:Cyclotraxin B
6640:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6552:Amitriptyline
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6428:Against TrkA:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6382:Larotrectinib
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6312:Dexamethasone
6310:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6257:Amitriptyline
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5731:Dexamethasone
5729:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5439:des(1-3)IGF-1
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:Telisotuzumab
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5260:Potentiators:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Selpercatinib
5120:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:Selpercatinib
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Selpercatinib
4917:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Depatuxizumab
4593:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:hormone-like:
3983:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:Neurotrophins
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3536:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3245:(4): 1381–5.
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2903:(2): 387–93.
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:(3): 619–28.
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2412:
2408:
2407:Parkinsons UK
2404:
2398:
2395:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2289:(7): 867–79.
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:(5): 383–94.
2041:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1903:(1): 186–99.
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1538:In 2012, the
1536:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1457:wound healing
1454:
1453:hair follicle
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1426:motor neurons
1422:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:motor neurons
1346:
1345:Schwann cells
1342:
1338:
1330:
1328:
1327:(GFL) found.
1326:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:RefSeq (mRNA)
1062:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
985:
981:
978:
976:
972:
965:
964:
959:
955:
952:
946:
945:
940:
936:
933:
931:
927:
924:
921:
919:
916:
912:
909:
905:
901:
894:
890:
885:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
838:axon guidance
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
673:
670:
669:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
644:
643:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:Gene ontology
600:
596:
584:
579:
575:
570:
567:
565:
561:
553:
548:
538:Gonadal ridge
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:
497:
493:
488:
485:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:
435:
431:
426:
423:
422:
419:
417:
413:
411:
410:
406:
405:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
376:
371:
367:
363:
358:
352:15|15 A1
348:
344:
337:
330:
324:
317:
309:
305:
301:
296:
292:
287:
283:
275:
270:
266:
262:
257:
247:
243:
236:
229:
223:
216:
212:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
99:
97:
93:
89:
83:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7221:Cerebrolysin
7217:
7191:Pleiotrophin
7147:Interleukins
7060:
7041:
7011:
6930:Fruquintinib
6920:Cabozantinib
6901:
6891:
6849:
6813:Lestaurtinib
6764:
6744:
6712:Lestaurtinib
6663:
6653:
6634:Antagonists:
6633:
6567:Deoxygedunin
6522:3,7,8,2'-THF
6513:
6492:
6483:Against NGF:
6482:
6479:
6435:Against NGF:
6434:
6427:
6424:
6387:Lestaurtinib
6338:
6328:
6322:Testosterone
6304:Antagonists:
6303:
6253:
6153:
6138:
6113:
6094:
6084:
6063:
6053:
6032:
6022:
6001:
5989:
5986:
5946:
5861:
5829:
5808:
5799:Against NGF:
5798:
5795:
5751:Against NGF:
5750:
5747:
5741:Testosterone
5723:Antagonists:
5722:
5672:
5642:
5603:
5578:
5567:
5544:Teprotumumab
5505:
5475:
5434:
5383:Ficlatuzumab
5378:Emibetuzumab
5374:
5328:JNJ-38877605
5298:Cabozantinib
5269:
5259:
5248:Fosgonimeton
5243:
5218:
5160:
5138:
5079:
5062:Infigratinib
5058:
5043:
4946:
4863:
4797:Betacellulin
4793:
4776:Seribantumab
4762:
4739:
4698:
4663:
4657:Unknown/none
4656:
4652:
4586:
4511:
4470:Betacellulin
4465:Amphiregulin
4460:
4452:(ErbB1/HER1)
4416:
4388:
4368:
4354:Antagonists:
4353:
4338:
4331:Angiopoietin
4133:
4102:
4091:Insulin/IGF/
4056:TGFβ pathway
3986:
3947:
3891:
3849:FGF receptor
3847:
3635:
3534:
3433:
3429:
3390:
3386:
3350:(3): 715–7.
3347:
3343:
3312:
3308:
3277:
3273:
3242:
3238:
3209:
3206:Biochemistry
3205:
3177:
3173:
3139:(3): 345–7.
3136:
3132:
3102:(3): 341–4.
3099:
3095:
3060:
3056:
3011:
3007:
2977:(6): 671–3.
2974:
2970:
2937:
2933:
2900:
2896:
2855:
2851:
2808:
2804:
2778:(3): 605–7.
2775:
2771:
2746:
2742:
2720:(4): 180–5.
2717:
2713:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2445:. Retrieved
2436:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2406:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2376:
2367:
2359:
2348:(2): 35–39.
2345:
2341:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2039:
2035:
2029:
1996:
1992:
1942:
1938:
1900:
1897:Cell Reports
1896:
1886:
1852:(1): 47–56.
1849:
1845:
1795:
1791:
1769:
1758:. Retrieved
1708:
1704:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1584:
1573:
1564:Renishaw plc
1545:
1537:
1530:
1498:
1495:Interactions
1466:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1357:
1334:
1322:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1202:NP_001288286
1198:NP_001288262
1194:NP_001288261
1191:
1169:NP_001265027
1165:NP_001177398
1161:NP_001177397
1154:
1131:NM_001301357
1127:NM_001301333
1123:NM_001301332
1116:
1095:
1084:NM_001278098
1080:NM_001190469
1076:NM_001190468
1051:
1032:
1006:
987:
961:
942:
922:
917:
833:MAPK cascade
414:
407:
134:External IDs
85:
29:
7253:TGFβ domain
7181:Oncomodulin
7045:Aflibercept
7035:Ranibizumab
7030:Ramucirumab
7020:Bevacizumab
7012:Antibodies:
6970:Regorafenib
6910:Altiratinib
6823:ONO-5390556
6793:Entrectinib
6768:Altiratinib
6722:ONO-5390556
6692:Entrectinib
6667:Altiratinib
6453:Frunevetmab
6425:Antibodies:
6402:ONO-5390556
6367:Entrectinib
6342:Altiratinib
6297:Tavilermide
6192:Quizartinib
6131:SCF (c-Kit)
5955:Ramucirumab
5947:Antibodies:
5920:Quizartinib
5870:Avapritinib
5833:Becaplermin
5769:Frunevetmab
5748:Antibodies:
5651:Trofinetide
5582:Dusigitumab
5579:Antibodies:
5534:Robatumumab
5524:Figitumumab
5519:Dalotuzumab
5514:Cixutumumab
5506:Antibodies:
5398:Rilotumumab
5393:Onartuzumab
5388:Flanvotumab
5375:Antibodies:
5343:PF-04217903
5273:Altiratinib
5236:HGF (c-Met)
5139:Antibodies:
5044:Antibodies:
4766:Duligotumab
4763:Antibodies:
4677:Trastuzumab
4667:Ertumaxomab
4664:Antibodies:
4635:Zalutumumab
4630:Panitumumab
4625:Nimotuzumab
4620:Necitumumab
4610:Imgatuzumab
4587:Antibodies:
4570:Osimertinib
4535:Dacomitinib
4430:Dapiclermin
4389:Antibodies:
4372:Altiratinib
3756:Neuregulins
3713:CNTF family
3628:GDNF family
3517:PDB gallery
1605:as well as
1392:proteolysis
678:peristalsis
272:37,840,041
259:37,812,677
112:Identifiers
7237:Categories
7000:Vandetanib
6965:Rebastinib
6960:Pegaptanib
6950:Nintedanib
6940:Lenvatinib
6905:Agerafenib
6858:Ripretinib
6783:CH-7057288
6682:CH-7057288
6547:7,8,3'-THF
6542:7,8,2'-THF
6468:Ranevetmab
6458:Fulranumab
6412:Rebastinib
6357:CH-7057288
6272:Cenegermin
6157:Agerafenib
6117:Agerafenib
6098:Vandetanib
6067:Vandetanib
6036:Vandetanib
6005:Vandetanib
5950:Olaratumab
5925:Ripretinib
5905:Nintedanib
5890:Lenvatinib
5880:Crenolanib
5865:Agerafenib
5784:Ranevetmab
5774:Fulranumab
5691:Cenegermin
5665:LNGF (p75)
5587:Xentuzumab
5549:Xentuzumab
5494:NVP-AEW541
5489:NVP-ADW742
5484:Linsitinib
5479:BMS-754807
5464:Mecasermin
5363:Tivantinib
5353:PHA-665752
5348:PF-2341066
5318:Golvatinib
5308:Crizotinib
5303:Capmatinib
5293:BMS-777607
5288:Amuvatinib
5164:Ersofermin
5127:Sprifermin
5083:Ersofermin
5032:Sprifermin
5022:Repifermin
5017:Palifermin
4950:Ersofermin
4929:Velafermin
4914:Repifermin
4867:Ersofermin
4786:ErbB4/HER4
4771:Patritumab
4732:ErbB3/HER3
4712:Mubritinib
4672:Pertuzumab
4645:ErbB2/HER2
4575:Vandetanib
4530:Canertinib
4525:Brigatinib
4520:Agerafenib
4500:Nepidermin
4495:Murodermin
4485:Epiregulin
4440:EGF (ErbB)
4398:Nesvacumab
4392:Evinacumab
4382:Rebastinib
4323:modulators
4278:Hepatocyte
3838:Fibroblast
2447:2019-03-27
2199:(13): 13.
1760:2017-08-31
1657:, May 2017
1636:, May 2017
1613:References
1552:Tom Isaacs
1475:receptor.
1469:TGF beta 2
1396:C-terminus
1390:undergoes
1337:astrocytes
418:(ortholog)
373:7,867,056
360:7,840,327
155:HomoloGene
7025:Icrucumab
7005:WHI-P 154
6995:Tivozanib
6990:Toceranib
6985:Sunitinib
6980:Sorafenib
6975:Semaxanib
6955:Pazopanib
6945:Motesanib
6935:Lapatinib
6925:Cediranib
6863:Telbermin
6850:Agonists:
6798:GZ-389988
6778:CE-245677
6745:Agonists:
6697:GZ-389988
6677:CE-245677
6577:Diosmetin
6514:Agonists:
6480:Aptamers:
6473:Tanezumab
6448:Fasinumab
6392:Milciclib
6372:GZ-389988
6352:CE-245677
6254:Agonists:
6207:Toceranib
6202:Sunitinib
6197:Sorafenib
6187:Pazopanib
6182:Nilotinib
6177:Masitinib
6167:Dasatinib
6139:Agonists:
6085:Agonists:
6054:Agonists:
6023:Agonists:
5995:Liatermin
5987:Agonists:
5970:RET (GFL)
5960:Tovetumab
5940:Toceranib
5935:Sorafenib
5930:Sunitinib
5915:Radotinib
5910:Pazopanib
5900:Motesanib
5895:Masitinib
5830:Agonists:
5796:Aptamers:
5789:Tanezumab
5764:Fasinumab
5673:Agonists:
5529:Ganitumab
5449:IGF-1 LR3
5368:Volitinib
5323:INCB28060
5313:Foretinib
5219:Agonists:
5203:Trafermin
5161:Agonists:
5142:Burosumab
5132:Trafermin
5080:Agonists:
5047:Aprutumab
5037:Trafermin
4999:10 (KGF2)
4947:Agonists:
4924:Trafermin
4904:10 (KGF2)
4864:Agonists:
4794:Agonists:
4740:Agonists:
4722:Tucatinib
4717:Neratinib
4707:Lapatinib
4615:Matuzumab
4605:Futuximab
4590:Cetuximab
4580:WHI-P 154
4565:Neratinib
4560:Lapatinib
4550:Grandinin
4545:Gefitinib
4540:Erlotinib
4417:Agonists:
4377:CE-245677
4339:Agonists:
3651:Persephin
3646:Neurturin
2695:207964134
1595:addiction
1533:Vitamin D
1489:cysteines
1463:Structure
1400:Proteases
1368:apoptosis
1206:NP_034405
1173:NP_954701
1157:NP_000505
1119:NM_010275
1098:NM_199234
1088:NM_199231
1072:NM_000514
908:Orthologs
163:GeneCards
7248:Proteins
7207:instead)
7196:Renalase
7157:instead)
7128:instead)
7075:instead)
6915:Axitinib
6884:D (FIGF)
6828:PLX-7486
6818:ONO-4474
6773:AZD-6918
6727:PLX-7486
6717:ONO-4474
6672:AZD-6918
6654:Ligands:
6572:Deprenyl
6532:7,3'-DHF
6463:MEDI-578
6443:ASP-6294
6407:PLX-7486
6397:ONO-4474
6347:AZD-6918
6307:ALE-0540
6228:instead.
6172:Imatinib
6162:Axitinib
6142:Ancestim
6107:Unsorted
5885:Imatinib
5875:Axitinib
5779:MEDI-578
5759:ASP-6294
5726:ALE-0540
5568:Agonists
5509:AVE-1642
5435:Agonists
5358:SU-11274
5244:Agonists
5222:FGF15/19
5212:Unsorted
5177:2 (bFGF)
5096:2 (bFGF)
4963:2 (bFGF)
4880:2 (bFGF)
4702:Afatinib
4653:Agonists
4555:Icotinib
4515:Afatinib
4461:Agonists
3990:FGF15/19
3851:ligands:
3462:12832538
3309:Oncogene
3161:22375940
3124:24350470
2999:30960307
2925:37574956
2772:Genomics
2763:10917288
2687:31710958
2652:29726054
2603:33299186
2546:15659598
2497:30808022
2441:Archived
2417:10 March
2411:Archived
2387:10 March
2381:Archived
2377:BBC News
2305:12837245
2264:10829012
2223:32566252
2174:18541917
2115:12832538
2056:11988777
2021:17588722
2013:26829643
1919:23333276
1878:32897420
1814:20725015
1754:Archived
1653:–
1632:–
1576:ibogaine
1501:interact
1483:and the
1331:Function
1254:Wikidata
887:Sources:
7084:Ephrins
6788:DS-6051
6687:DS-6051
6592:LM22A-4
6582:DMAQ-B1
6537:7,8-DHF
6517:3,7-DHF
6486:RBM-004
6431:GBR-900
6362:DS-6051
6332:VM-902A
5802:RBM-004
5499:OSl-906
5459:Insulin
5338:MK-2461
5283:AMG-458
4420:Axokine
4165:Relaxin
4104:Insulin
3661:Ephrins
3641:Artemin
3453:6741204
3417:9685505
3374:9497256
3365:1376953
3331:9482105
3296:9407096
3261:9098026
3226:8988018
3196:8968758
3153:8896569
3116:8896568
3087:1724567
3079:8674117
3044:4313985
3036:8637574
3016:Bibcode
2991:8522325
2962:8493557
2942:Bibcode
2934:Science
2917:7867768
2888:2863274
2880:7830769
2860:Bibcode
2843:4340992
2835:7830766
2813:Bibcode
2792:7490108
2734:9359036
2673:: 1–9.
2643:6215739
2594:7874389
2573:Bibcode
2537:1193648
2488:6391602
2214:7293257
2165:2423415
2142:Bibcode
2106:6741204
2064:2480120
1975:4238843
1967:8945474
1947:Bibcode
1869:7529617
1733:8493557
1713:Bibcode
1705:Science
1655:Ensembl
1634:Ensembl
1591:alcohol
1372:axotomy
1301:neurons
1290:protein
1288:) is a
1020:UniProt
975:Ensembl
914:Species
893:QuickGO
518:Hindgut
393:pattern
119:Aliases
7054:Others
6748:BNN-20
6637:ANA-12
6562:BNN-20
6282:DHEA-S
6267:BNN-27
6262:BNN-20
5701:DHEA-S
5686:BNN-27
5681:BNN-20
5597:Others
4802:Epigen
4480:Epigen
4252:VEGF-D
4247:VEGF-C
4242:VEGF-B
4237:VEGF-A
4046:HB-EGF
3977:(FHF4)
3971:(FHF2)
3965:(FHF1)
3959:(FHF3)
3483:(MeSH)
3460:
3450:
3415:
3408:147779
3405:
3372:
3362:
3329:
3294:
3259:
3224:
3194:
3159:
3151:
3122:
3114:
3085:
3077:
3042:
3034:
3008:Nature
2997:
2989:
2960:
2923:
2915:
2886:
2878:
2852:Nature
2841:
2833:
2805:Nature
2790:
2761:
2732:
2693:
2685:
2650:
2640:
2601:
2591:
2565:Nature
2544:
2534:
2495:
2485:
2303:
2262:
2221:
2211:
2172:
2162:
2113:
2103:
2062:
2054:
2019:
2011:
1973:
1965:
1939:Nature
1917:
1876:
1866:
1812:
1792:Nature
1731:
1441:kidney
1351:, and
1240:search
1238:PubMed
1053:P48540
1034:P39905
930:Entrez
564:BioGPS
251:5p13.2
151:107430
143:600837
7203:(see
7153:(see
7124:(see
7071:(see
6803:K252a
6702:K252a
6377:K252a
6317:FX007
6077:GFRα4
6046:GFRα3
6015:GFRα2
5979:GFRα1
5607:IGFBP
5560:IGF-2
5539:R1507
5427:IGF-1
5333:K252a
5153:FGFR4
5072:FGFR3
4939:FGFR2
4856:FGFR1
4273:Nerve
4266:Other
4219:PDGFD
4214:PDGFC
4209:PDGFB
4204:PDGFA
4160:INSL6
4155:INSL5
4150:INSL4
4145:INSL3
4079:TGFβ3
4074:TGFβ2
4069:TGFβ1
4014:FGF23
4009:FGF21
4004:FGF19
3999:FGF15
3975:FGF14
3969:FGF13
3963:FGF12
3957:FGF11
3937:FGF20
3933:FGF16
3924:FGF18
3920:FGF17
3911:FGF22
3907:FGF10
3783:PACAP
3751:IGF-1
3739:Other
3157:S2CID
3120:S2CID
3083:S2CID
3040:S2CID
2995:S2CID
2921:S2CID
2884:S2CID
2839:S2CID
2691:S2CID
2467:Brain
2060:S2CID
2017:S2CID
1971:S2CID
1505:GFRA1
1503:with
1485:GFRα1
1473:GFRα1
1404:furin
1309:GFRα1
963:14573
923:Mouse
918:Human
889:Amigo
416:Mouse
409:Human
356:Start
291:Mouse
255:Start
188:Human
7205:here
7155:here
7126:here
7073:here
6868:VEGF
6842:VEGF
6758:NT-3
6753:DHEA
6737:TrkC
6657:DHEA
6627:TDP6
6607:NT-4
6602:NT-3
6587:HIOC
6557:BDNF
6506:TrkB
6277:DHEA
6246:TrkA
6226:here
6224:See
6217:TGFβ
5822:PDGF
5716:NT-4
5711:NT-3
5696:DHEA
5676:BDNF
4425:CNTF
4409:CNTF
4123:IGF2
4118:IGF1
4106:and
4064:TGFβ
4036:TGFα
3929:FGF9
3916:FGF8
3903:FGF7
3881:FGF6
3877:FGF4
3873:FGF3
3868:FGF5
3864:FGF2
3860:FGF1
3788:VEGF
3730:IL-6
3720:CNTF
3636:GDNF
3618:NT-4
3613:NT-3
3608:BDNF
3535:1agq
3458:PMID
3413:PMID
3370:PMID
3327:PMID
3292:PMID
3257:PMID
3222:PMID
3192:PMID
3149:PMID
3112:PMID
3075:PMID
3057:Cell
3032:PMID
2987:PMID
2958:PMID
2913:PMID
2876:PMID
2831:PMID
2788:PMID
2759:PMID
2730:PMID
2683:PMID
2648:PMID
2599:PMID
2542:PMID
2493:PMID
2419:2019
2389:2019
2301:PMID
2283:Cell
2260:PMID
2219:PMID
2170:PMID
2111:PMID
2052:PMID
2009:PMID
1963:PMID
1915:PMID
1874:PMID
1810:PMID
1729:PMID
1587:gene
1507:and
1435:and
1297:gene
1294:GDNF
1286:GDNF
944:2668
399:Bgee
347:Band
308:Chr.
246:Band
205:Chr.
167:GDNF
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