519:, geospatial imagery, maps and charts, major GIS commercial software packages, and GIS combinations of these products. A user can also edit and format existing NGA/GIS products and maps to create, print, and download new products that fulfill current decisionmaker requirements. Ultimately, this results in the faster production of timely and relevant GEOINT data. This program allowed the NGA to change its focus from simply generating cartographic products to providing updated, accurate GEOINT to support the national security and military requirements of its customers.
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agency and a member of the IC, it uses GIS to produce precise, up-to-date GEOINT for members of the U.S. Armed Forces, the IC, and other government agencies. Web-enabled GIS applications allow for fast, efficient sharing and disseminating of geospatial data, products, and intelligence from the NGA to its allies, warfighters, partners, and other agencies across the World Wide Web. The NGA and Esri have successfully collaborated on providing timely, accurate, and relevant GEOINT in support of U.S. national security for the past 20 years.
208:(IMINT), is an intelligence collection discipline that applies to national security intelligence, law enforcement intelligence, and competitive intelligence. For example, an analyst can use GEOINT to identify the route of least resistance for a military force in a hostile country, to discover a pattern in the locations of reported burglaries in a neighborhood, or to generate a map and comparison of failing businesses that a company is likely to purchase. GEOINT is also the geospatial product of a
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160:, and satellite imagery. A user can also convert digital information into forms that a GIS can identify and utilize, such as census tabular data or Microsoft Excel files. Users can easily capture digital data in a GIS. If the data is not digital, then users will need to employ various techniques to capture the data, such as digitizing maps by hand-tracing with a computer mouse, utilizing a
460:(C2I) systems. National security intelligence and defense organizations use ArcGIS Military Analyst extension to integrate geospatial data with other defense data, analyze digital terrains, and prepare for battle. This program also enables such users to manage and analyze geospatial data and relationships between mission planning, logistics, and C2I.
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disadvantages of GEOINT are that imagery is only a snapshot of a moment in time, can be too compelling and lead to ill-informed decisions that ignore other intelligence, is static and vulnerable to deception and decoys, does not depict the intentions of a target, and is expensive and subject to environmental problems.
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software applications includes Esri
Production Mapping, Esri Nautical Solution, Esri Aeronautical Solution, and Esri Defense Mapping programs that provide quality control, easier and consistent map production, database sharing, and efficient workflow management for each program's specific type of mapping or charting.
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Grid
Manager enables the national security intelligence or defense user to create accurate, realistic grids that contain geographic location indicators based on specified shapes, scales, coordinate systems, and units. This program allows the user to create multiple grids, graticules, and borders for
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When
Tracking Server and ArcGIS Tracking Analyst are used together, a user can monitor changes in data as they occur in real-time. A national security intelligence or defense user can subscribe to real-time data over the Internet from GPS and custom data feeds to support GEOINT requirements, such as
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The
Tracking Server program is an kanye enterprise technology that integrates real-time data with GIS to disseminate information quickly and easily to decisionmakers. This program enables the user to obtain data in any format and transmit it to the necessary consumer or ArcGIS Tracking Analyst user,
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PLTS for ArcGIS Specialized
Solutions is a group of software applications that extends ArcGIS to facilitate database driven cartographic production for geospatial and mapping agencies, nautical and aeronautical chart production, foundation mapping, and defense mapping requirements. The collection of
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that is used to solve GEOINT-related problems. GIS provides a structure for map and data production that allows a user to add other data sources, such as satellite or UAV imagery, as new layers to a geodatabase. The geodatabase can be disseminated and operated across any network of associated users
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A majority of national security intelligence decisions involve geography and GEOINT. GIS allows the user to capture, manage, exploit, analyze, and visualize geographically referenced information, physical features, and other geospatial data. GIS is thus a critical infrastructure for the GEOINT and
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A GIS is a system that incorporates software, hardware, and data for collecting, managing, analyzing, and portraying geographically referenced information. It allows the user to view, understand, manipulate, and visualize data to reveal relationships and patterns that solve problems. The user can
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collection, and to perform highly developed analysis and visual production of geospatial data. Therefore, GIS produces up-to-date and more reliable GEOINT to reduce uncertainty for a decisionmaker. Since GIS programs are Web-enabled, a user can constantly work with a decision maker to solve their
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The NGA has created a grouping of web-based capabilities called GEOINT Online. This program allows a user to search and access all NGA GEOINT documents from wherever they are stored and from wherever the user is. GEOINT Online provides quick, easy, and reliable access to current NGA intelligence
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The advantages of GEOINT are that imagery is easily consumable and understood by a decisionmaker, has low human life risk, displays the capabilities of a target and its geographical relationship to other objects, and that analysts can use imagery world-wide in a short time. On the other hand, the
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The NGA uses GIS products to create digital nautical, aeronautical, and topographic charts and maps, to perform geotechnical and coordinate system analysis, and to help solve a large variety of national security and military problems. Since the NGA is a U.S. Department of
Defense combat support
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In GEOINT, users employ geoprocessing in similar ways. They can make geoprocessing tools resemble analytic techniques to transform large amounts of data into actionable information. In national security intelligence and defense organizations, geoprocessing notifies users to events occurring in
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military symbology in a map. This allows for easier and faster identification, understanding, and movement of ally and hostile forces on a map by combining GIS spatial analysis techniques with common military symbols. MOLE provides a clearer visualization of mission planning and goals for the
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The ArcGIS Tracking
Analyst extension enables the user to create time series visualizations to analyze time and location sensitive information. It creates a visible path from incorporated data that shows movement through space and time. The program allows the national security intelligence or
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is based on a framework of data transformation in GIS and is a collection of hundreds of GIS tools that manipulate geospatial or other data in GIS. A geoprocessing tool performs an operation (often the name of the tool, such as "Clip") on an existing GIS dataset and produces a new dataset as a
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The map and chart production agency and imagery intelligence agency, the principal two agencies of GEOINT, use GIS to efficiently work together to solve decisionmaker's geospatial questions, to communicate effectively between their unique departments, and to provide constantly updated, accurate
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GIS enables efficient management of geospatial data, the fusion of geospatial data with other forms of intelligence collection, and advanced analysis and visual production of geospatial data. This produces faster, corroborated, and more reliable GEOINT that aims to reduce uncertainty for a
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databases through a common Web-based interface. This gives the users the capability to quickly and easily identify, overlay, and fuse georeferenced data from various sources to create maps or support geospatial analysis.
227:(UAV) and drones, handheld cameras, maps, or GPS coordinates. Recently the NGA and IC have increased the use of commercial satellite imagery for intelligence support, such as the use of the
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national security community in manipulating and interpreting spatial knowledge in an information system. GIS extracts real world geographic or other information into datasets, maps,
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defense user to track assets (such as vehicles or personnel), monitor sensors, visualize change over time, play back events, and analyze historical or real-time temporal data.
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to search massive amounts of geospatial and intelligence data using low-bandwidth Web services for data discovery, dissemination, and horizontal fusion of data and products."
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220:(IC), defines GEOINT as "information about any object—natural or man-made—that can be observed or referenced to the Earth, and has national security implications."
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Chido, Diane E. "Structured
Analysis of Competing Hypotheses Theory and Application," p. 9. Erie: Mercyhurst College Institute of Intelligence Studies Press, 2005.
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result of the utilized tool. GIS users utilize these tools to create a workflow model that quickly and easily transforms raw data into the desired product.
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specific areas of interest and enables domain-specific analysis applications, such as radio frequency analysis, terrain analysis, and network analysis.
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that is focused externally, designed to reduce the level of uncertainty for a decisionmaker, and that uses information derived from all sources. The
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Another important aspect of GIS is its ability to fuse geospatial data with other forms of intelligence collection, such as signals intelligence (
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designed the technology for inexperienced GIS users of national security intelligence and defense organizations in order to provide a Web-based
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GIS applies to the geographical facets of various aspects of everyday life, such as transportation, logistics, medicine, marketing, sociology,
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for publishing, distributing, and exploiting GEOINT data among designated organizations. According to Esri, the DGInet technology "uses
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MOLE is a set of command components that enables national security intelligence and defense users to easily create, display, and edit
286:(i.e. from the GEOINT analyst to the warfighter) and engenders a common spatial capability for all defense and intelligence domains.
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Lowenthal, Mark M. "Intelligence: From
Secrets to Policy, Fourth Edition," p. 82. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2009.
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such map products as MGRS coordinates and tourist, topographic, parcel, street, nautical, and aeronautical maps.
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Some of the sources of collected imagery information for GEOINT are imagery satellites, cameras on airplanes,
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A user can enter different kinds of data in map form into a GIS to begin their analysis, such as
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Analysis and exploitation of collected imagery or intelligence
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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GIS use in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
456:(MGRS) conversion. This program also provides a basis for
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for efficient project management and information sharing.
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GEOINT to their national security and warfighter domains.
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GIS for Defense and Intelligence: Geospatial Intelligence
216:(NGA), who has overall responsibility for GEOINT in the
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satellites. These sources produce digital imagery via
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Esri Supports Strategic Geospatial Initiatives at NGA
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Esri Supports Strategic Geospatial Initiatives at NGA
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Distributed Geospatial Intelligence Network (DGInet)
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GIS use in GEOINT and national security intelligence
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Fusion of multiple forms of intelligence collection
974:ArcGIS Defense Solutions: Military Overlay Editor
951:ArcGIS Defense Solutions: ArcGIS Military Analyst
768:GIS for Defense and Intelligence: Solutions Guide
334:SIGINT, GEOINT, MASINT, and other sensor analysis
1182:Applications of geographic information systems
106:used in GEOINT and national security, such as
1144:NGA: Providing On-Time Geospatial Information
29:The examples and perspective in this article
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281:, data models, and workflow models within a
612:Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Poster
297:), measurement and signature intelligence (
704:GIS for Defense and Intelligence: Overview
82:(GIS) play a constantly evolving role in
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
97:, to combine GEOINT with other forms of
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569:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
506:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
214:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
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134:Geographic information systems (GIS)
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458:command, control, and intelligence
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887:GIS for Defense and Intelligence
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807:GIS for Defense and Intelligence
791:GIS for Defense and Intelligence
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720:GIS for Defense and Intelligence
452:analysis, terrain analysis, and
305:), or open source intelligence (
194:Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT)
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454:Military Grid Reference System
80:Geographic information systems
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544:Geographic information system
175:, pure and applied sciences,
140:Geographic information system
204:GEOINT, known previously as
185:law enforcement intelligence
218:U.S. Intelligence Community
86:(GEOINT) and United States
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355:: Geospatial intelligence
166:Global Positioning System
225:Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
189:competitive intelligence
1187:Geospatial intelligence
1121:GEOINT Online: Overview
1020:Digital Nautical Chart®
935:ArcGIS Tracking Analyst
903:ArcGIS Tracking Analyst
549:Geospatial intelligence
436:ArcGIS Military Analyst
325:Data and map production
301:), human intelligence (
241:electro-optical systems
200:Geospatial intelligence
84:geospatial intelligence
875:ESRI Developer Network
871:What is geoprocessing?
1043:Geotechnical Analysis
360:Related Esri Products
116:GeoNetwork opensource
104:types of GIS software
855:Mapping and Charting
564:Imagery intelligence
206:imagery intelligence
177:emergency management
49:create a new article
41:improve this article
380:enterprise solution
168:(GPS) coordinates.
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598:What is GIS?
597:
592:
559:Google Earth
517:Intellipedia
513:
509:
494:
491:Grid Manager
467:
439:
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384:thin clients
368:
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108:Google Earth
99:intelligence
78:
63:
57:October 2013
54:
30:
487:databases.
353:Stewardship
344:Suitability
283:geodatabase
259:imageries.
181:criminology
1176:Categories
585:References
129:Background
92:geospatial
1109:Esri News
1093:Esri News
889:, p. 17,
825:, p. 16,
809:, p. 16,
793:, p. 15,
738:, p. 15,
722:, p. 15,
450:hillshade
45:talk page
1124:Archived
1069:Archived
1046:Archived
1023:Archived
1000:Archived
977:Archived
954:Archived
771:Archived
616:Archived
523:See also
475:and the
321:Source:
279:metadata
272:Overview
249:infrared
39:You may
554:GeoTime
233:Landsat
210:process
173:ecology
529:ArcGIS
480:APP-6A
446:raster
442:vector
303:HUMINT
299:MASINT
295:SIGINT
229:IKONOS
187:, and
179:, and
123:ArcGIS
118:, and
317:Roles
307:OSINT
255:, or
245:radar
235:, or
47:, or
1152:Esri
1008:Esri
985:Esri
962:Esri
939:Esri
923:Esri
907:Esri
891:Esri
859:Esri
843:Esri
827:Esri
811:Esri
795:Esri
779:Esri
756:Esri
740:Esri
724:Esri
708:Esri
624:USGS
539:Esri
444:and
376:Esri
346:and
237:SPOT
120:Esri
95:data
1132:NGA
1077:NGA
1054:NGA
1031:NGA
1178::
1150:,
1146:,
1130:,
1075:,
1052:,
1029:,
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983:,
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706:,
247:,
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125:.
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55:(
37:.
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