24:
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355:(Roscosmos) initially ordered 27 GLONASS-K satellites from ISS Reshetnev, the developer of all the previous GLONASS satellites. On 7 December 2010, the company announced it had completed ground tests of the first GLONASS-K1 development satellite. The satellite was launched to orbit on 26 February 2011 as
399:
These spacecraft differ from their predecessors in that they possess enhanced navigation functions. They will have a new design and amenities, and more accurate chronometers. GLONASS K2 will emit new signals code division that will provide greater accuracy in determining the coordinates of the users,
371:
limited the supply of radiation-resistant electronics. And thus, they had decided to launch an additional nine GLONASS-K1 as a fleet replacement while they finished the GLONASS-K2 design. In a May 2015 presentation, Mr. Testoyedov expected the serial production of GLONASS-K1 to start flying in early
366:
On a May 28, 2014, interview, Nikolay
Testoyedov — president of ISS Reshetnev — stated that production of GLONASS-M would end in 2015, with GLONASS-K being exclusively produced after that final batch. In a December 14, 2014 interview with GPS World, he stated that while the original idea
387:
controlled parts, the
Russian industry had been ordered to initiate an import substitution program. In the case of the GLONASS-K1, the foreign components were up to 90% of the electronics. And thus without substitution, the modernization program could not make modern spacecraft. He stated that the
372:
2018, just after the launch of the first GLONASS-K2 prototype. The presentation showed at least eleven additional GLONASS-K1 satellites flying until 2020. On April 2, 2015, he affirmed that the first GLONASS-K2 prototype was expected to fly in 2018 and feature
347:, introduced in 2001, stipulated the development of a third-generation navigation satellite design, called GLONASS-K, as part of the overall GLONASS upgrade program in the time frame 2005–2011. The new satellite followed the second generation
396:, ISS Reshetnev held a Council on electronic components. They specifically worked out a plan with ISS Reshetnev on the provisioning of high-quality electronic components in compliance with the state-run import substitution programs.
404:
signals are transmitted at frequencies L3, as well as L1 and L2. In addition, the GLONASS K2 is installed with equipment that will provide functionality for the COSPAS-SARSAT international search and rescue system.
388:
first generation of GLONASS spacecraft was created under such a ban and thus had been an inferior product with just 3 years of expected life. A situation that was not acceptable now. During May 27 and 28, 2015, in
842:
The long-delayed flight of the first
Glonass-K2 (serial number 13L) is now set for the first quarter of next year, with a second satellite (nr. 14L) expected to follow later in 2023.
368:
1714:
384:
638:
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On May 21, 2015, during an interview with
Izvestia, ISS Reshetnev CEO, Andrey Tyulina, stated that the new GLONASS-K2 were expected to use Russian
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third-generation satellites, adding CDMA signals, improving accuracy and increasing power. It is 70% heavier and has 170% more power.
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376:
compatible equipment. The first launch was later delayed to 2019, and then further to 2022, and has been launched on 7 August 2023.
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23:
400:
and more accurate binding in those systems, such as computer systems, where accurate time references are important. Thus,
352:
1709:
480:
973:
313:(Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems), the first satellite was successfully launched on 7 August 2023 from the
687:
92:
784:
359:. On 30 November 2014, the second and supposedly last GLONASS-K1 development satellite was put to orbit as
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On July 16, 2016, the satellite developer announced that the first flight model had entered the
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was to have just two GLONASS-K1 prototypes to be followed by the GLONASS-K2 production, the
139:
706:
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with an expected production period of ten years. It is an evolution of the previous
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is the next-generation satellite design intended to support the
Russian
970:
330:
302:
102:
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471:
752:[Production of GLONASS-M to be finished in 2015]. 2014-03-28
882:[GLONASS Satellites to Remove Foreign Components]. Izvestia
639:"Glonass-K - a prospective satellite of the current GLONASS system"
798:
389:
334:
879:
401:
943:
825:"The secret payloads of Russia's Glonass navigation satellites"
644:. Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems. 2007. Archived from
901:"ISS-Reshetnev Company holds Council on electronic components"
345:
Federal
Targeted Program "Global Navigation System" 2002-2011
383:
components. Given the sanctions that banned the transfer of
721:"Next-generation Glonass-K satellite launched into orbit"
880:"Из спутников "Глонасс" уберут импортные комплектующие"
855:"Запуск новейшего навигационного аппарата "Глонасс-К2""
785:"First Launch of GLONASS-K2 Satellite Planned for 2018"
750:"Производство ГЛОНАСС-М решено прекратить в 2015 году"
28:
Glonass-K2 satellite model at the Army-2023 exhibition
563:"Space Navigation in Russia: History of Development"
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707:"Russia launches key satellite on second attempt"
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339:Launching the first GLONASS-K2 satellite in 2023.
618:"GLONASS Space Segment Status and Modernization"
612:
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606:
604:
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771:"Sanctions Delay Russia's GLONASS-K2 Program"
8:
799:"Russia to launch next-generation satellite"
688:"ISS-Reshetnev completes tests on Glonass-K"
16:
662:Harvey, Brian (2007). "Military programs".
962:
948:
940:
419:
531:(Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems)
664:The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program
540:
150:CDMA signals: L1OC, L1SC, L2SC and L3OC
148:FDMA signals: L1OF, L1SF, L2OF and L2SF
15:
7:
823:Hendrickx, Bart (19 December 2022).
59:JSC «Navigation-Information Systems»
666:(1st ed.). Germany: Springer.
561:Testoyedov, Nikolay (2015-05-18).
160:Space Environment Detection System
14:
1715:Satellites using the Ekspress bus
593:Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2014-03-25).
513:
22:
1:
878:Cheberko, Ivan (2015-05-21).
275:
907:. 2015-05-29. Archived from
727:. 2014-12-01. Archived from
353:Russian Federal Space Agency
929:Zak, Anatoly (2016-07-14).
1731:
705:Dmitry Zaks (2011-02-26).
351:, introduced in 2003. The
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77:
73:
33:
21:
787:. GPS World. 2015-04-02.
773:. GPS World. 2014-12-17.
595:"Uragan-K2 (GLONASS-K2)"
426:Launch date/time (UTC)
369:international sanctions
931:"GLONASS-K2 Satellite"
410:thermal vacuum chamber
340:
338:
309:system. Developed by
154:Search & Rescue (
933:. Russian Space Web.
450:Status / Retirement
307:satellite navigation
315:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
152:Space Laser Ranging
18:
1710:GLONASS satellites
521:Spaceflight portal
381:radiation-hardened
341:
256:Related spacecraft
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673:978-0-387-71354-0
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48:Country of origin
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568:. Archived from
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859:glonass-iac.ru
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651:on 2011-07-13.
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500:Commissioning
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922:
911:on 2015-07-17
910:
906:
905:ISS Reshetnev
902:
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731:on 2015-07-17
730:
726:
725:ISS Reshetnev
722:
716:
713:
708:
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698:
694:. 2010-12-07.
693:
692:ISS Reshetnev
689:
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680:
675:
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658:
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631:
627:. 2012-11-09.
626:
625:ISS Reshetnev
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575:on 2015-07-16
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529:ISS Reshetnev
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461:7 August 2023
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435:Launch block
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394:Moscow region
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374:COSPAS-SARSAT
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311:ISS Reshetnev
308:
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279:←
277:
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243:7 August 2023
242:
240:Maiden launch
238:
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203:In production
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156:COSPAS-SARSAT
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99:Constellation
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50:
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43:
42:ISS Reshetnev
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
1680:
924:
913:. Retrieved
909:the original
895:
884:. Retrieved
873:
862:. Retrieved
858:
849:
841:
834:. Retrieved
828:
818:
806:. Retrieved
802:
793:
779:
765:
754:. Retrieved
744:
733:. Retrieved
729:the original
715:
709:. ITAR-TASS.
700:
682:
663:
657:
646:the original
633:
588:
577:. Retrieved
570:the original
432:Launch site
407:
398:
378:
365:
344:
342:
305:radio-based
298:
297:
261:Derived from
64:Applications
38:Manufacturer
1689:Kosmos 2569
1671:Kosmos 2559
1666:Kosmos 2557
1661:Kosmos 2547
1656:Kosmos 2501
1651:Kosmos 2471
1633:Kosmos 2564
1628:Kosmos 2545
1623:Kosmos 2544
1618:Kosmos 2534
1613:Kosmos 2529
1608:Kosmos 2527
1603:Kosmos 2522
1598:Kosmos 2516
1593:Kosmos 2514
1588:Kosmos 2500
1583:Kosmos 2494
1578:Kosmos 2485
1573:Kosmos 2478
1568:Kosmos 2477
1563:Kosmos 2476
1558:Kosmos 2475
1553:Kosmos 2474
1548:Kosmos 2466
1543:Kosmos 2465
1538:Kosmos 2464
1533:Kosmos 2461
1528:Kosmos 2460
1523:Kosmos 2459
1518:Kosmos 2458
1513:Kosmos 2457
1508:Kosmos 2456
1503:Kosmos 2449
1498:Kosmos 2448
1493:Kosmos 2447
1488:Kosmos 2444
1483:Kosmos 2443
1478:Kosmos 2442
1473:Kosmos 2436
1468:Kosmos 2435
1463:Kosmos 2434
1458:Kosmos 2433
1453:Kosmos 2432
1448:Kosmos 2431
1443:Kosmos 2426
1438:Kosmos 2425
1433:Kosmos 2424
1428:Kosmos 2419
1423:Kosmos 2418
1418:Kosmos 2413
1413:Kosmos 2404
1395:Kosmos 2417
1390:Kosmos 2412
1385:Kosmos 2411
1380:Kosmos 2403
1375:Kosmos 2402
1370:Kosmos 2396
1365:Kosmos 2395
1360:Kosmos 2394
1355:Kosmos 2382
1350:Kosmos 2381
1345:Kosmos 2380
1340:Kosmos 2376
1335:Kosmos 2375
1330:Kosmos 2374
1325:Kosmos 2364
1320:Kosmos 2363
1315:Kosmos 2362
1310:Kosmos 2325
1305:Kosmos 2324
1300:Kosmos 2323
1295:Kosmos 2318
1290:Kosmos 2317
1285:Kosmos 2316
1280:Kosmos 2309
1275:Kosmos 2308
1270:Kosmos 2307
1265:Kosmos 2296
1260:Kosmos 2295
1255:Kosmos 2294
1250:Kosmos 2289
1245:Kosmos 2288
1240:Kosmos 2287
1235:Kosmos 2277
1230:Kosmos 2276
1225:Kosmos 2275
1220:Kosmos 2236
1215:Kosmos 2235
1210:Kosmos 2234
1205:Kosmos 2206
1200:Kosmos 2205
1195:Kosmos 2204
1190:Kosmos 2179
1185:Kosmos 2178
1180:Kosmos 2177
1175:Kosmos 2141
1170:Kosmos 2140
1165:Kosmos 2139
1160:Kosmos 2111
1155:Kosmos 2110
1150:Kosmos 2109
1145:Kosmos 2081
1140:Kosmos 2080
1135:Kosmos 2079
1130:Kosmos 2023
1125:Kosmos 2022
1120:Kosmos 1988
1115:Kosmos 1987
1110:Kosmos 1972
1105:Kosmos 1971
1100:Kosmos 1970
1095:Kosmos 1948
1090:Kosmos 1947
1085:Kosmos 1946
1080:Kosmos 1885
1075:Kosmos 1884
1070:Kosmos 1883
1065:Kosmos 1780
1060:Kosmos 1779
1055:Kosmos 1778
1050:Kosmos 1711
1045:Kosmos 1710
1040:Kosmos 1651
1035:Kosmos 1650
1030:Kosmos 1594
1025:Kosmos 1593
1020:Kosmos 1555
1015:Kosmos 1554
1010:Kosmos 1520
1005:Kosmos 1519
1000:Kosmos 1491
995:Kosmos 1490
990:Kosmos 1413
836:20 December
456:Kosmos 2569
361:Kosmos 2501
357:Kosmos 2471
232:Operational
175:Design life
120:4370 watts
109:Launch mass
17:GLONASS-K2
1704:Categories
1681:GLONASS-K2
974:satellites
915:2015-07-16
886:2015-07-16
864:2023-12-06
756:2015-07-16
735:2015-07-16
579:2015-07-15
536:References
468:Soyuz-2.1b
423:Satellite
416:Satellites
299:GLONASS-K2
286:GLONASS-KM
195:Production
68:Navigation
1643:GLONASS-K
1405:GLONASS-M
464:13:19:25
349:GLONASS-M
319:GLONASS-K
281:GLONASS-K
265:GLONASS-K
178:10 years
135:Equipment
125:Batteries
507:See also
477:Plesetsk
288:→
224:Launched
208:On order
112:1645 kg
56:Operator
982:GLONASS
971:GLONASS
808:29 July
331:GLONASS
325:History
303:GLONASS
103:GLONASS
670:
472:Fregat
200:Status
165:Regime
146:clocks
129:Li-ion
51:Russia
649:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
621:(PDF)
573:(PDF)
566:(PDF)
447:Slot
390:Dubna
216:Built
117:Power
838:2022
810:2018
803:tass
668:ISBN
491:703
485:62S
481:43/3
402:CDMA
385:ITAR
343:The
142:+ 2
488:K2
169:MEO
88:Bus
1706::
903:.
857:.
840:.
827:.
801:.
723:.
690:.
623:.
603:^
543:^
497:8
494:I
412:.
392:,
363:.
144:Rb
140:Cs
138:2
963:e
956:t
949:v
918:.
889:.
867:.
812:.
759:.
738:.
676:.
597:.
582:.
235:1
227:1
219:1
211:2
158:)
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