409:
500:
486:
150:
134:
120:
68:
47:
31:
807:
C; Eyles-Ferris, R; Gompertz, B; Heikkilä, T; Irawati, P; Kennedy, M R; Killestein, T; Kuncarayakti, H; Levan, A J; Littlefair, S; Makrygianni, L; Marsh, T; Mata-Sanchez, D; Mattila, S; Maund, J; McCormac, J; Mkrtichian, D; Mullaney, J; Noysena, K; Patel, M; Rol, E; Sawangwit, U; Stanway, E R; Starling, R; Strøm, P; Tooke, S; West, R; White, D J; Wiersema, K (April 2022).
430:
416:
324:
806:
Steeghs, D; Galloway, D K; Ackley, K; Dyer, M J; Lyman, J; Ulaczyk, K; Cutter, R; Mong, Y-L; Dhillon, V; O'Brien, P; Ramsay, G; Poshyachinda, S; Kotak, R; Nuttall, L K; Pallé, E; Breton, R P; Pollacco, D; Thrane, E; Aukkaravittayapun, S; Awiphan, S; Burhanudin, U; Chote, P; Chrimes, A; Daw, E; Duffy,
452:
GOTO's typical mode of operation when not performing a follow-up campaign is to survey the entire visible sky. As there are sites located in both the northern and southern hemispheres, the visible sky for GOTO is all areas which are visible at night from anywhere on the Earth. If both sites have good
351:
of f/2.4 and large image sensor result in a relatively large field of view, with each GOTO system having a total FoV of approximately 40 square degrees, around 200x the area of the full Moon in the sky. The fast focal ratio also means that only a small amount of time is needed to observe each area of
364:
to identify changes of existing objects and the appearance of new transients. Images of the sky are matched to previous observations of the same region, finding the difference between these two images will show only the changes in the new image. Sources within these difference images can then be
529:
The prototype system was active during the first half of the third LVC observing run (O3a), which ran between April and
October 2019. During this time GOTO was able to respond to gravitational-wave events and begin observing within one minute of alerts being received (if the source region was
533:
In late 2019 funding was awarded to expand the network with two full GOTO systems a duplicate site in
Australia. In 2020 the first full system of the northern node was being deployed, with the second system planned for early 2021 and the Australian site planned for later that year.
609:
Dyer, Martin J.; Steeghs, Danny; Galloway, Duncan K.; Dhillon, Vik S.; O'Brien, Paul; Ramsay, Gavin; Noysena, Kanthanakorn; Pallé, Enric; Kotak, Rubina; Breton, Rene; Nuttall, Laura; Pollacco, Don; Ulaczyk, Krzysztof; Lyman, Joseph; Ackley, Kendall D. (13 December 2020).
1244:
Dyer, Martin J.; Steeghs, Danny; Galloway, Duncan K.; Dhillon, Vik S.; O'Brien, Paul; Ramsay, Gavin; Noysena, Kanthanakorn; Pallé, Enric; Kotak, Rubina; Breton, Rene; Nuttall, Laura; Pollacco, Don; Ulaczyk, Krzysztof; Lyman, Joseph; Ackley, Kendall D. (2020-12-13).
517:
The first phase of GOTO's development was the deployment of a prototype system located at the planned site of the northern node, consisting of four unit telescopes on a custom-built mount. The prototype system was deployed during the second
315:
so all 8 must be pointed at once. Each UT's pointing is offset from the others to cover the adjacent area of sky, with a small overlap between them. This results in each GOTO system acting as a single large telescope with a very wide
544:
By the end of 2022 the site for the second GOTO node (GOTO-S) had been prepared at Siding Spring
Observatory (SSO) and the two domes installed. In May 2023 it was announced that both systems at SSO had been successfully installed.
1058:
Belkin, S.; Gompertz, B. P.; Kumar, A.; Ackley, K.; Galloway, D. K.; Jiménez-Ibarra, F.; Killestein, T. L.; O’Neill, D.; Wiersema, K.; Malesani, D. B.; Levan, A. J.; Lyman, J.; Dyer, M. J.; Ulaczyk, K.; Steeghs, D. (2024-01-04).
1108:
Abbott, R.; Abe, H.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adhicary, S.; Adhikari, N.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adkins, V. K.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Aguiar, O. D.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A. (2023-08-01).
408:
1168:
Gompertz, B P; Cutter, R; Steeghs, D; Galloway, D K; Lyman, J; Ulaczyk, K; Dyer, M J; Ackley, K; Dhillon, V S; O’Brien, P T; Ramsay, G; Poshyachinda, S; Kotak, R; Nuttall, L; Breton, R P (2020-09-01).
904:
Killestein, T L; Lyman, J; Steeghs, D; Ackley, K; Dyer, M J; Ulaczyk, K; Cutter, R; Mong, Y-L; Galloway, D K; Dhillon, V; O'Brien, P; Ramsay, G; Poshyachinda, S; Kotak, R; Breton, R P (2021-04-09).
611:
1246:
553:
As of
September 11, 2024, data from GOTO has been used in the discovery of 1013 astronomical transients, of which 141 have been classified as supernovae and one as a tidal disruption event.
955:
Mong, Y-L; Ackley, K; Galloway, D K; Dyer, M; Cutter, R; Brown, M J I; Lyman, J; Ulaczyk, K; Steeghs, D; Dhillon, V; O’Brien, P; Ramsay, G; Noysena, K; Kotak, R; Breton, R (2021-09-07).
283:
443:
389:
detected a gamma ray burst (GRB 230911A) and follow-up observations by GOTO discovered an optical counterpart (GOTO23akf/AT 2023shv), which was later confirmed as a
1514:
1170:"Searching for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave merger events with the prototype Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)"
365:
detected automatically. Using difference imaging in this way produces many thousands of candidate sources per image, the vast majority of which are
287:
1289:
649:
851:
1250:
538:
1519:
850:
Brink, Henrik; Richards, Joseph W.; Poznanski, Dovi; Bloom, Joshua S.; Rice, John; Negahban, Sahand; Wainwright, Martin (2013-10-21).
240:
57:
1410:
676:
1314:
1061:"GRB 230911A: The First Discovery of a Fermi GRB Optical Counterpart with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)"
906:"Transient-optimized real-bogus classification with Bayesian convolutional neural networks – sifting the GOTO candidate stream"
541:, the full northern node was completed in December 2021 with the upgrade of the prototype to the final hardware configuration.
386:
394:
526:
Collaboration (LVC) observing run (O2), achieving first light in June 2017 with its official inauguration on July 3, 2017.
1499:
232:
signals. The array consists of a network of telescope systems, with each system consisting of eight 0.4m telescopes on a
370:
1509:
1504:
469:
809:"The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO): prototype performance and prospects for transient science"
1472:
1385:
252:
229:
61:
1442:
499:
339:, each with an aperture of 400mm and a focal length of 960mm (f/2.4). Attached to each telescope is a focuser,
291:
262:
The project is run by an international consortium of universities and other research institutes, including the
485:
275:
271:
86:
465:
537:
The deployment of the second northern system was completed in August 2021 and, despite delays due to the
511:
Total (line) and monthly (bar) count of transients discovered by GOTO between 2020 and
September 11 2024.
311:
Each GOTO system can point independently, whilst each unit telescope (UT) has a fixed orientation on the
263:
239:
As of May 2023 the network consists of two sites, each with two systems. GOTO-N (North) located at the
149:
119:
1269:
1132:
1072:
741:
629:
523:
67:
1363:
1219:
340:
336:
295:
106:
1295:
1259:
1181:
1122:
972:
961:
GRB optical counterparts with the prototype
Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)"
917:
863:
820:
655:
619:
279:
225:
141:
1285:
1201:
1150:
1090:
992:
937:
883:
757:
645:
361:
267:
217:
17:
703:
1339:
1277:
1191:
1140:
1080:
982:
927:
905:
873:
830:
749:
637:
366:
328:
312:
1169:
133:
570:
390:
382:
233:
176:
381:
In addition to follow-up of gravitational wave events, GOTO can respond to detections of
1273:
1136:
1076:
745:
633:
1493:
1299:
659:
317:
46:
729:
166:
457:
1145:
1110:
1085:
1060:
1011:"GCN - Circulars - 34652 - GRB 230911A: Fermi GBM Final Real-time Localization"
373:
based 'real-bogus' classifier to identify which sources are likely to be real.
753:
76:
30:
1205:
1196:
1154:
1094:
996:
987:
956:
941:
887:
761:
932:
878:
835:
808:
461:
331:, with an overlay showing the field of view of a single GOTO unit telescope.
256:
198:
456:
These observations are processed using difference imaging which allows for
677:"GOTO, a new robotic telescope for the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory"
453:
weather conditions the entire visible sky can be observed every 2–3 days.
1464:
1034:
348:
244:
221:
343:, and a Finger Lakes Instrumentation (FLI) ML50100 camera, based on the
1281:
1111:"Open Data from the Third Observing Run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO"
1010:
641:
1435:"TNS Transients Statistics, Skymaps and Plots | Transient Name Server"
1249:. In Marshall, Heather K.; Spyromilio, Jason; Usuda, Tomonori (eds.).
852:"Using machine learning for discovery in synoptic survey imaging data"
614:. In Marshall, Heather K.; Spyromilio, Jason; Usuda, Tomonori (eds.).
1434:
1411:"Two new arrays of telescopes installed at Siding Spring Observatory"
344:
1315:"Second GOTO system installed at Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory"
352:
the sky, with each visit requiring only 3 minutes of exposure time.
323:
1264:
1186:
1127:
977:
922:
825:
775:
624:
868:
460:
discovery of transients unrelated to multi-messenger events, like
322:
248:
519:
189:
704:"New telescopes in Australia to help find gravitational waves"
369:
of the processing and not real transients. GOTO utilises a
1247:"The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)"
612:"The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)"
571:"Neutron stars: New telescope detects dead suns colliding"
16:
For the type of computer-controlled telescope mounts, see
161:
0.4m per unit telescope, 3.2m per system, 12.8m total.
1386:"New GOTO domes erected in Siding Spring Observatory"
81:
420 nm (710 THz)–685 nm (438 THz)
284:
185:
175:
165:
157:
140:
127:
112:
102:
85:
75:
53:
40:
1174:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
965:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
910:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
856:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
813:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
44:Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer
1258:. Vol. 11445. SPIE. pp. 1355–1362.
618:. Vol. 11445. SPIE. pp. 1355–1362.
210:Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer
8:
1366:. Australian National University. 2024-01-29
23:
1115:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
681:Instituto de AstrofĂsica de Canarias • IAC
148:
132:
118:
66:
45:
22:
1263:
1252:Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VIII
1195:
1185:
1144:
1126:
1084:
986:
976:
931:
921:
877:
867:
834:
824:
671:
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623:
616:Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VIII
730:"Chasing light from the crest of a wave"
776:"New KAF-50100 sensor with microlenses"
562:
1515:Astronomical observatories in La Palma
1445:from the original on 11 September 2024
1220:"Funding Approved For GOTO Expansion"
7:
1465:"AT 2023lli | Transient Name Server"
1441:. International Astronomical Union.
1035:"AT 2023shv | Transient Name Server"
899:
897:
801:
799:
797:
795:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
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288:Instituto de AstrofĂsica de Canarias
131:400 mm (1 ft 4 in)
241:Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
58:Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
14:
1409:Ulaczyk, Krzysztof (2023-05-08).
1384:Ulaczyk, Krzysztof (2022-12-08).
1338:Ulaczyk, Krzysztof (2021-12-08).
1313:Ulaczyk, Krzysztof (2021-08-01).
498:
484:
428:
414:
407:
29:
1475:from the original on 2024-02-03
447:Locations of GOTO-N and GOTO-S.
387:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
347:KAF-50100 CCD sensor. The fast
220:optimized for the discovery of
126:
1340:"Full northern node deployed!"
429:
415:
251:and GOTO-S (South) located at
113:Number of telescopes
1:
728:Steeghs, Danny (2017-11-02).
702:Yazgin, Evrim (7 July 2022).
385:. On September 11, 2023, the
470:fast blue optical transients
371:convolutional neural network
35:GOTO-N with both domes open.
1536:
15:
1520:Siding Spring Observatory
1065:Research Notes of the AAS
754:10.1038/s41550-017-0317-8
253:Siding Spring Observatory
216:) is an array of robotic
195:
62:Siding Spring Observatory
28:
1146:10.3847/1538-4365/acdc9f
1086:10.3847/2515-5172/ad1876
292:University of Portsmouth
466:tidal disruption events
383:gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)
276:University of Leicester
272:University of Sheffield
1197:10.1093/mnras/staa1845
988:10.1093/mnras/stab2499
539:2021 volcanic eruption
356:Identifying transients
332:
41:Alternative names
933:10.1093/mnras/stab633
879:10.1093/mnras/stt1306
836:10.1093/mnras/stac013
395:Swift X-ray telescope
335:The UTs are ASA H400
326:
264:University of Warwick
1500:Astronomical surveys
1415:goto-observatory.org
1390:goto-observatory.org
1344:goto-observatory.org
1319:goto-observatory.org
444:class=notpageimage|
337:Newtonian telescopes
302:Design and operation
222:optical counterparts
190:goto-observatory.org
158:Collecting area
146:0.31 arcsecond
103:Telescope style
1274:2020SPIE11445E..7GD
1137:2023ApJS..267...29A
1077:2024RNAAS...8....6B
746:2017NatAs...1..741S
634:2020SPIE11445E..7GD
296:University of Turku
25:
1510:Robotic telescopes
1505:Optical telescopes
1282:10.1117/12.2561008
708:cosmosmagazine.com
642:10.1117/12.2561008
362:difference imaging
333:
280:Armagh Observatory
245:island of La Palma
226:gravitational wave
218:optical telescopes
142:Angular resolution
1291:978-1-5106-3677-4
780:www.flicamera.com
651:978-1-5106-3677-4
268:Monash University
228:events and other
206:
205:
18:GoTo (telescopes)
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1224:GOTO Observatory
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1007:
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971:(4): 5463–5476.
952:
946:
945:
935:
925:
916:(4): 4838–4854.
901:
892:
891:
881:
871:
862:(2): 1047–1060.
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841:
840:
838:
828:
819:(2): 2405–2422.
803:
790:
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772:
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734:Nature Astronomy
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377:Gamma-ray bursts
329:Andromeda Galaxy
199:edit on Wikidata
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87:First light
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1039:www.wis-tns.org
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957:"Searching for
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234:single mounting
230:multi-messenger
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65:
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36:
21:
12:
11:
5:
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1401:
1376:
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1211:
1180:(1): 726–738.
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1002:
947:
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842:
791:
767:
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694:
665:
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588:
577:. 21 July 2022
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401:All-sky survey
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360:GOTO utilises
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91:June 2017
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683:. 3 July 2017
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