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GPS units that allow aviators to get a clearer look in areas where the satellite is augmented to be able to have safe landings in bad visibility conditions. There have now been two new signals made for GPS, the first being made to help in critical conditions in the sky and the other will make GPS more of a robust navigation service. Many aviator services have now made it a required service to use a GPS. Commercial aviation applications include GNSS devices that calculate location and feed that information to large multi-input navigational computers for
294:(2002) entered the market. Mitac Mio 168 was the first PocketPC to contain a built-in GPS receiver. Benefon's 1999 entry into the market also presented users with the world's first phone based GPS navigation system. Later, as smartphone technology developed, a GPS chip eventually became standard equipment for most smartphones. To date, ever more popular satellite navigation systems and devices continue to proliferate with newly developed software and hardware applications. It has been incorporated, for example, into cameras.
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40:
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51:
591:. This has been driven both by consumer demand and by service suppliers. There are now many phone apps that depend on location services, such as navigational aids, and multiple commercial opportunities, such as localised advertising. In its early development, access to user location services was driven by European and American emergency services to help locate callers.
449:
1420:
776:, thus, once purchased, the user must install or write their own software. As the user can choose which software to use, it can be better matched to their personal taste. It is very common for a PC-based GPS receiver to come bundled with a navigation software suite. Also, software modules are significantly cheaper than complete stand-alone systems (around
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John and Starry Rhodes, a couple from Reno, Nevada were driving home from Oregon when they started to see there was a lot of snow in the area but decided to keep going because they were already 30 miles down the road. But the Satnav led them to a road in the Oregon forest that was not plowed and they
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use Satnav to navigate and to improve safety and the efficiency of the flight. This may allow pilots to be independent of ground-based navigational aids, enable more efficient routes and provide navigation into airports that lack ground-based navigation and surveillance equipment. There are now some
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which is 1 ms. This results in the ability to acquire and track signals down to around the −160 dBW level. High-sensitivity GPS receivers are able to integrate the incoming signals for up to 1,000 times longer than this and therefore acquire signals up to 1,000 times weaker, resulting in an
2219:
Last May , the North
Yorkshire County Council in England put up signs at the entrance to a gravel track declaring it "unsuitable for motor vehicles" after navigation systems had sent drivers on it as a shortcut between two valleys. The rough road quickly turns stony with steep drops in some places,
693:
programs for in-vehicle use on laptop computers. Benefits of GPS on a laptop include larger map overview, ability to use the keyboard to control GPS functions, and some GPS software for laptops offers advanced trip-planning features not available on other platforms, such as midway stops, capability
112:
A satellite navigation device can retrieve location and time information from one or more GNSS systems in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth's surface. Satnav reception requires an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GNSS satellites, and is subject to poor satellite signal
626:
The use of mobile phones as navigational devices has outstripped the use of standalone GNSS devices. In 2009, independent analyst firm Berg
Insight found that GNSS-enabled GSM/WCDMA handsets in the USA alone numbered 150 million units, against the sale of only 40 million standalone GNSS receivers.
207:
satellite-based navigation system to aid in naval navigation. The US Navy in the mid-1960s conducted an experiment to track a submarine with missiles with six satellites and orbiting poles and was able to observe satellite changes. Between 1960 and 1982, as the benefits were shown, the US military
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Obsolete maps sometimes cause the unit to lead a user on an indirect, time-wasting route, because roads may change over time. Smartphone Satnav information is usually updated automatically, and free of additional charge. Manufacturers of separate Satnav devices also offer map update services for
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Mary Davis was driving in an unfamiliar place when her Satnav told her to make a right turn onto a train track while there was a train coming down. Mary was lucky there was a local police officer who noticed the situation and urged her quickly to get out of the car as fast as she could. Mary was
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system to be deployed on a fully global scale, and to be made available for commercial use, this is not the only system of its type. Due to military and other concerns, similar global or regional systems have been, or will soon be deployed by Russia, the
European Union, China, India, and Japan.
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that require a data connection; some allow the pre-purchase and downloading of maps but the demand for this is diminishing as data connection reliant maps can generally be cached anyway. There are many navigation applications and new versions are constantly being introduced. Major apps include
637:, reduce the need to download a satellite almanac periodically and to help resolve a location when satellite signals are disturbed by the proximity of large buildings. When out of range of a cell tower the location performance of a phone using A-GPS may be reduced. Phones with an A-GPS based
142:(TTFF), especially when satellite signals are poor or unavailable. However, the mobile network part of the A-GNSS technology would not be available when the smartphone is outside the range of the mobile reception network, while the satnav aspect would otherwise continue to be available.
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Military applications include devices similar to consumer sport products for foot soldiers (commanders and regular soldiers), small vehicles and ships, and devices similar to commercial aviation applications for aircraft and missiles. Examples are the United States military's
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when the signals are at their normal levels, for example, outdoors. When signals are weak, for example, indoors, the extra processing power can be used to integrate weak signals to the point where they can be used to provide a position or timing solution.
828:
is a method of cancelling out the error of SA and improving GPS accuracy, and has been routinely available in commercial applications such as for golf carts. GPS is limited to about 15 meter accuracy even without SA. DGPS can be within a few centimeters.
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consistently improved and refined its satellite navigation technology and satellite system. In 1973, the US military began to plan for a comprehensive worldwide navigational system which eventually became known as the GPS (Global
Positioning System).
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may be compromised if Satnav equipped handheld devices such as mobile phones upload user geo-location data through associated software installed on the device. User geo-location is currently the basis for navigational apps such as Google Maps,
1001:
to track user movements and habits for future use. Regulatory bodies differ between countries regarding the treatment of geo-location data as privileged or not. Privileged data cannot be stored, or otherwise used, without the user's consent.
121:
by meteorological conditions. Obstructed lines of sight may arise from a tree canopy or inside a structure, such as in a building, garage or tunnel. Today, most standalone Satnav receivers are used in automobiles. The Satnav capability of
1008:
allow employers to track their employees' location raising questions regarding violation of employee privacy. There are cases where employers continued to collect geo-location data when an employee was off duty in private time.
641:
can maintain a location fix when GPS signals are inadequate by cell tower triangulation and WiFi hotspot locations. Most smartphones download a satellite almanac when online to accelerate a GPS fix when out of cell tower range.
277:
As GNSS navigation systems became more and more widespread and popular, the pricing of such systems began to fall, and their widespread availability steadily increased. Several additional manufacturers of these systems, such as
231:" positioning signal. This new availability of the US military GPS system for civilian use required a certain technical collaboration with the private sector for some time, before it could become a commercial reality. The
903:
A sequential GPS receiver tracks the necessary satellites by typically using one or two hardware channels. The set will track one satellite at a time, time tag the measurements and combine them when all four satellite
932:
GPS maps and directions are occasionally imprecise. Some people have gotten lost by asking for the shortest route, like a couple in the United States who were looking for the shortest route from South Oregon to
199:
of the latter 20th century. The multibillion-dollar expense of the US and
Russian programs was initially justified by military interest. In contrast, the European Galileo was conceived as purely civilian.
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lucky enough to get out of the car leaving it for the train to hit and total it. The officer commented that there was a very good chance that they could have had a fatality on their hands.
595:
338:, equivalent to 100 attowatts (10 W). This is well below the thermal noise level in its bandwidth. Outdoors, GPS signals are typically around the −155 dBW level (−125
350:
integration gain of 30 dB. A good high-sensitivity GPS receiver can acquire signals down to −185 dBW, and tracking can be continued down to levels approaching −190 dBW.
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74:(GNSS) to calculate the device's geographical position and provide navigational advice. Depending on the software used, the satnav device may display the position on a map, as
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The pre-installed embedded software of early receivers did not display maps; 21st-century ones commonly show interactive street maps (of certain regions) that may also show
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701:'s can also be equipped with GPS navigation. A pocket PC differs from a dedicated navigation device as it has an own operating system and can also run other applications.
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away from the car. Special purpose devices for use in a car may be permanently installed and depend entirely on the automotive electrical system. Many of them have
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made the navigation capabilities of the existing military GPS system available for dual civilian use. However, civilian use was initially only a slightly degraded "
1019:
filed a case against the Labor
Department for firing Michael Cunningham after tracking his daily activity and locations using a Satnav device attached to his car.
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after following Satnav directions that led her up an unpaved dead-end road. When they were found five days later, her son had died from the effects of heat and
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274:. In 2000, the Clinton administration removed the military use signal restrictions, thus providing full commercial access to the US Satnav satellite system.
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more sensitive, this is sufficient to track through 3 layers of dry bricks, or up to 20 cm (8 inches) of steel-reinforced concrete, for example.
246:
unveiled its
Magellan NAV 1000, the world's first commercial handheld GPS receiver. These units initially sold for approximately US$ 2,900 each. In 1990,
98:
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Brad
Preston, Oregon claims that people are routed into his driveway five to eight times a week because their Satnav shows a street through his property.
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As with many other technological breakthroughs of the latter 20th century, the modern GNSS system can reasonably be argued to be a direct outcome of the
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2788:
2532:
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Bock, Y.; Abbot, R. I.; Counselman, C. C.; Gourevitch, S. A.; King, R. W.; Paradis, A. R. (1984). "Geodetic accuracy of the
Macrometer model V-1000".
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services may use the same technique to geo-fence their customers to the areas they have paid for, charging additional fees for violations. In 2010,
2328:
2106:
1418:, McBurney, Paul W.; Woo, Arthur N., "High sensitivity GPS receiver and reception", published 21 August 2003, issued 6 January 2004
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Some hobbyists have also made some Satnav devices and open-sourced the plans. Examples include the
Elektor GPS units. These are based around a
1534:
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1332:
413:, in which GNSS is a feature rather than the main purpose of the device. The majority of GNSS devices are now converged devices, and may use
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for Windows Phone, which use cached maps and can operate without a data connection. Consequently, almost any smartphone now qualifies as a
485:
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1500:
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In 2008 Satnav routed a softball team bus into a 9 ft tunnel, which sliced off the top of the bus and hospitalized the whole team.
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50 to €100). The software may include maps only for a particular region, or the entire world, if software such as Google Maps are used.
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Conventional GPS receivers integrate the received GPS signals for the same amount of time as the duration of a complete
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chip and are comparable to their commercial counterparts. Other chips and software implementations are also available.
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or standalone (not network dependent) or both. The vulnerability of consumer GNSS to radio frequency interference from
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Other hazards involve an alley being listed as a street, a lane being identified as a road, or rail tracks as a road.
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1983:
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820:. Prior to May 2000 only the military had access to the full accuracy of GPS. Consumer devices were restricted by
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takes its location from a GNSS system and, depending on the installed software, may offer the following services:
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above the Earth. By the time the signals arrive at the user's receiver, they are typically as weak as −160
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conditions. In exceptionally poor signal conditions, for example in urban areas, satellite signals may exhibit
1123:
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1005:
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are intended primarily for use in a car, but have a small rechargeable internal battery that can power them
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31:
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are among the least expensive available, but they cannot operate under high dynamics and have the slowest
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803:, course information and correction displays to the pilots, and course tracking and recording devices.
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526:, route information and step-by-step routing directions, often in spoken form with a feature called "
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receivers have replaceable batteries that can run them for several hours, making them suitable for
403:
263:
243:
204:
314:, and other performance parameters. High-sensitivity receivers use large banks of correlators and
223:, an aircraft which was shot down while in Soviet airspace due to a navigational error, President
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2101:
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737:. Depending on the type of computer and available connectors, connections can be made through a
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Information on nearby amenities such as restaurants, fueling stations, and tourist attractions,
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Other GPS devices need to be connected to a computer in order to work. This computer can be a
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523:
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139:
118:
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Satnav may suggest an impossible route because it fails to take all conditions into account.
825:
267:
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Traffic congestion maps, historical or real-time data, and suggested alternative directions,
168:
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824:(SA), which was scheduled to be phased out but was removed abruptly by President Clinton.
477:
410:
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use planted GPS devices to provide information to their clients on a target's movements.
1867:
1780:"GNSS-SDR, an open source Global Navigation Satellite Systems software defined receiver"
1229:
2957:
2911:
1687:
1298:"1993 Eunos/Mazda Cosmo Classic Drive Uncosmopolitan: Meet the rarest Mazda in America"
1153:
766:
730:
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612:
552:
527:
484:, their screens are small, and some do not show color, in part to save power. Some use
287:
2982:
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718:
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224:
127:
1805:. National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing.
709:
39:
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1945:
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512:
418:
414:
399:
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1782:. Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC). 2015. Archived from
488:, allowing use in bright sunlight. Cases are rugged and some are water-resistant.
440:
402:
is useful for trailblazing, mapping by hikers and cyclists, and the production of
266:(MMCS: Mitsubishi Multi Communication System). In 1997, a navigation system using
27:
Device that can calculate its geographical position based on satellite information
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2718:
2005:
1385:
1096:
1067:
956:
945:
924:
905:
842:
784:
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649:-enabled phones lacking integrated GPS may still use external GPS receivers via
633:(A-GPS) uses a combination of satellite data and cell tower data to shorten the
504:
373:
358:
326:
GNSS signals are already very weak when they arrive at the Earth's surface. The
251:
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713:
A modern SiRFstarIII chip based 20-channel GPS receiver with WAAS/EGNOS support
2947:
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1328:
1012:
734:
604:
584:
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135:
123:
17:
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only transmit 27 W (14.3 dBW) from a distance of 20,200 km in
2962:
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951:
In May 2012, Japanese tourists in Australia were stranded when traveling to
800:
746:
698:
661:
654:
50:
2129:
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81:
As of 2023, four GNSS systems are operational: the original United States'
1975:
940:
In August 2009 a young mother and her six-year-old son became stranded in
2891:
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2726:
2501:
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481:
377:
283:
196:
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and other activities far from an electric power source. Their design is
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2432:
1237:
1037:
989:
795:
758:
557:
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366:
236:
90:
30:"GPS navigation" redirects here. For navigation provided by a GPS, see
1101:
2639:
2458:
2417:
1441:
722:
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of finding alternative scenic routes as well as only highway option.
668:, some phones can provide localisation services to a laptop as well.
665:
567:
547:
542:
537:
473:
291:
279:
109:) scheduled for 2023 will augment the accuracy of a number of GNSS.
94:
1355:"Autoradio GPS Android pas cher, Caméra radar de recul - Player Top"
2840:
2583:
2130:"GPS fail: Japanese tourists follow course into Australian waters"
923:
708:
447:
439:
331:
247:
210:
49:
38:
1550:
365:. Given that high-sensitivity GPS receivers may be up to 30
353:
High-sensitivity GPS can provide positioning in many but not all
1738:. Elektor International Media BV. 1 October 2008. Archived from
777:
608:
106:
2598:
2376:
2267:"Want security, privacy? Turn off that smartphone, tablet GPS"
836:
339:
335:
318:
to search for signals very quickly. This results in very fast
158:
Mapping, including street maps, text or in a graphical format,
1597:"List of laptop GPS navigation software programs and reviews"
1354:
507:. Some offer additional functionality such as a rudimentary
2352:"GPS used to track fired state worker raises privacy issue"
2066:"Body of missing B.C. man Albert Chretien found in Nevada"
395:
modules that need to be connected to a computer to be used
310:
GNSS devices vary in sensitivity, speed, vulnerability to
235:
was the first commercial GNSS-based system for performing
398:
loggers that record trip information for download. Such
1224:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 211–221.
1710:"Sony Ericsson - Mobile Broadband - Overview - EC400g"
1571:"Sony Ericsson - Mobile Broadband - Overview - EC400g"
219:
In 1983, in the wake of the tragedy of the downing of
1092:"Russia Launches Three More GLONASS-M Space Vehicles"
70:
is a user equipment that uses one or more of several
2294:"Global Positioning Systems and Invasion of Privacy"
1829:"Commanders Digital Assistant explanation and photo"
460:
Dedicated devices have various degrees of mobility.
372:
Examples of high-sensitivity receiver chips include
215:
A 1993 Magellan Trailblazer XL GPS Handheld Receiver
2935:
2854:
2828:
2812:
2738:
2711:
2678:
2632:
2556:
2482:
2451:
2410:
765:. Some PCMCIA/ExpressCard GPS units also include a
270:was developed as a factory-installed option on the
2168:"GPS Mishaps: When Trust in Tech Leads to Trouble"
1756:. ELEKTOR INTERNATIONAL MEDIA BV. 1 October 2008.
1599:. Laptopgpsworld.com. 27 July 2008. Archived from
1532:Kevin J. O'Brien, New York Times, 15 November 2010
997:, which can promote nearby shops and may allow an
657:) connections, but the need for this is now rare.
2574:United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System
1893:"Soldier Digital Assistant explanation and photo"
254:was the first production car in the world with a
2234:"GPS mishap results in wrong turn, crushed car"
955:and their satnav instructed them to drive into
772:Devices usually do not come with pre-installed
409:Converged devices, including Satnav phones and
1541:Smartphone Sales Taking Toll on G.P.S. Devices
1304:. TEN: The Enthusiast Network. February 2012.
676:For manufacturers of commercial software, see
2610:
2388:
2220:and locals have had to help cars turn around.
1861:"Latest version Commanders Digital Assistant"
361:by the building materials or reflected as in
8:
117:where signals bounce off structures, or are
1329:"Mitsubishi DEBONAIR Commercial 1991 Japan"
871:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
99:Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
2617:
2603:
2595:
2395:
2381:
2373:
388:Consumer GNSS navigation devices include:
203:In 1960, the US Navy put into service its
891:Learn how and when to remove this message
503:as input method. Maps may be stored on a
1920:"Commanders and Soldiers' GPS receivers"
1471:"Smartphone Offline Navigation Software"
262:introduced Satnav car navigation on the
191:Global Positioning System § History
1501:"GPS and Mobile Handsets – 4th edition"
1083:
689:Software companies have made available
678:GPS navigation software § Software
594:All smartphone operating systems offer
130:(A-GNSS) technology, which can use the
1654:"GPS Navigation with the GPS Software"
980:their merchandise, usually for a fee.
596:free mapping and navigational services
2331:from the original on 18 December 2012
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
1956:from the original on 19 February 2014
1335:from the original on 27 February 2020
1308:from the original on 5 September 2015
563:Magellan Navigation consumer products
486:transflective liquid-crystal displays
297:While the American GPS was the first
7:
2358:from the original on 3 February 2013
2209:from the original on 22 January 2023
2178:from the original on 16 October 2018
2109:from the original on 4 December 2014
2046:from the original on 22 January 2023
2036:"The Journal on Navigation Glossary"
2016:from the original on 14 October 2012
1986:from the original on 17 October 2012
1754:"Multi-purpose GPS Receiver (link2)"
1736:"Multi-purpose GPS Receiver (link1)"
1166:from the original on 31 January 2018
869:adding citations to reliable sources
78:, or may offer routing directions.
2199:"Drivers trust GPS even to a fault"
2197:Saranow, Jennifer (18 March 2008).
2140:from the original on 1 October 2012
2076:from the original on 2 October 2012
1272:National Museum of American History
1187:"Global Positioning System History"
233:Macrometer Interferometric Surveyor
72:global navigation satellite systems
2350:KARLIN, RICK (15 September 2011).
2323:Yamshon, Leah (10 February 2010).
1809:from the original on 26 March 2019
1664:from the original on 13 April 2014
1634:from the original on 28 March 2014
1365:from the original on 14 March 2016
1134:from the original on 10 March 2016
1063:Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver
611:, which require data connections,
97:Navigation Satellite System. The
25:
2166:HEUSSNER, Ki Mae (5 March 2010).
1946:"GPS.gov: Selective Availability"
1834:. 1 December 2007. Archived from
1797:U.S. Air Force (3 October 2018).
1760:from the original on 16 July 2016
1481:from the original on 7 April 2014
1451:from the original on 26 June 2021
1396:from the original on 5 March 2016
1197:from the original on 27 July 2019
426:Dedicated GNSS navigation devices
392:Dedicated GNSS navigation devices
1712:. 8 January 2009. Archived from
1278:from the original on 15 May 2021
841:
101:(IRNSS) will follow and Japan's
2269:. Network World. Archived from
2232:Zaremba, Lauren (10 May 2011).
2128:Goessl, Leigh (17 March 2012).
1918:Sinha, Vandana (24 July 2003).
1327:Sigma Heart (16 January 2015).
54:Garmin eTrex10 edition handheld
2325:"GPS: A Stalker's Best Friend"
1895:. 10 June 2008. Archived from
1573:. 2 April 2015. Archived from
1033:Comparison of web map services
1017:New York Civil Liberties Union
491:Other receivers, often called
419:planned wireless data services
164:directions via text or speech,
1:
2943:Geographic information system
2688:Personal navigation assistant
1686:. 5 June 2008. Archived from
1043:Defense Advanced GPS Receiver
814:Commander's Digital Assistant
621:personal navigation assistant
436:personal navigation assistant
357:. Signals are either heavily
167:Directions fed directly to a
103:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
68:satellite navigation receiver
45:personal navigation assistant
2693:Automotive navigation system
2404:Satellite navigation systems
2095:Knudson, Tom (30 May 2012).
920:Hazards of relying on Satnav
579:Integration into smartphones
432:automotive navigation system
152:automotive navigation system
85:(GPS), the European Union's
1185:Mai, Thuy (7 August 2017).
221:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
60:satellite navigation device
3025:
2097:"'Death by GPS' in desert"
995:location-based advertising
908:have been measured. These
685:Comparison of GPS software
682:
675:
672:Palm, pocket and laptop PC
615:for Android, Maverick and
429:
188:
29:
2989:Global Positioning System
2040:The Journal on Navigation
1922:. Gcn.com. Archived from
1624:"Navigation with Palm OS"
1551:Extended Prediction Orbit
818:Soldier Digital Assistant
639:hybrid positioning system
316:digital signal processing
146:Vehicle navigation system
83:Global Positioning System
1560:GPS data logger software
1006:Vehicle tracking systems
914:time-to-first-fix (TTFF)
244:Magellan Navigation Inc.
43:Vehicle navigation on a
3009:20th-century inventions
1537:7 November 2017 at the
1073:Turn-by-turn navigation
969:were stuck for 3 days.
953:North Stradbroke Island
774:GPS navigation software
691:GPS navigation software
533:Manufacturers include:
501:touch-sensitive screens
162:Turn-by-turn navigation
32:Turn-by-turn navigation
2999:Navigational equipment
1390:www.pocketgpsworld.com
1386:"Mitac Mio 168 Review"
929:
822:selective availability
714:
601:Google Maps Navigation
457:
445:
256:built-in Satnav system
229:Selective Availability
216:
76:geographic coordinates
55:
47:
2006:"GPS Accuracy Levels"
1786:on 14 September 2012.
1684:"PCMCIA GPS adaptors"
1416:US Patent 6674401
1021:Private investigators
927:
712:
683:Further information:
451:
443:
384:Consumer applications
312:multipath propagation
214:
189:Further information:
115:multipath propagation
53:
42:
3004:Satellite navigation
2994:Consumer electronics
2626:Satellite navigation
1926:on 21 September 2009
1343:– via YouTube.
865:improve this section
833:Sequential receivers
404:geocoded photographs
299:satellite navigation
138:to provide a faster
2968:GPS animal tracking
2855:Geographic services
2203:Wall Street Journal
1556:1 July 2013 at the
1268:"Macrometer V-1000"
1230:1984BGeod..58..211B
1218:Bulletin Géodésique
1159:Library of Congress
1130:. 10 January 2012.
444:Hand-held receivers
264:Mitsubishi Debonair
180:Alternative routes.
2564:GNSS reflectometry
2292:Joyce, Kenneth J.
2102:The Sacramento Bee
2072:. 1 October 2012.
1841:on 1 December 2007
1628:gpsinformation.org
1435:"nüvi® 3500-Serie"
1274:. 1 January 2010.
1238:10.1007/bf02520902
1104:on 6 February 2009
1053:Moving map display
999:advertising agency
930:
745:cable, as well as
715:
568:Satmap Systems Ltd
524:points of interest
497:for an hour or two
458:
446:
411:geotagging cameras
320:times to first fix
217:
56:
48:
2976:
2975:
2740:GNSS augmentation
2592:
2591:
2484:GNSS augmentation
1873:on 1 October 2008
1716:on 8 January 2009
1384:Griffin, Darren.
1359:www.player-top.fr
901:
900:
893:
635:time to first fix
573:TeleType products
456:equipped with GPS
421:is controversial.
140:Time to First Fix
16:(Redirected from
3016:
2784:QZSS / Michibiki
2619:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2528:QZSS / Michibiki
2397:
2390:
2383:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2300:. Archived from
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2273:on 24 April 2013
2265:Messmer, Ellen.
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2242:. Archived from
2229:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1866:. Archived from
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1742:on 7 April 2014.
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1561:
1548:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1506:. Archived from
1505:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1439:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1154:"What is a GPS?"
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1100:. Archived from
1088:
984:Privacy concerns
896:
889:
885:
882:
876:
845:
837:
826:Differential GPS
587:now incorporate
558:Navigon products
498:
380:ʼs MTK II.
355:indoor locations
268:Differential GPS
169:self-driving car
21:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3013:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2931:
2850:
2824:
2808:
2734:
2731:CellGuide ACLYS
2707:
2674:
2628:
2623:
2593:
2588:
2552:
2478:
2447:
2406:
2401:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2304:on 7 April 2013
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2246:on 22 June 2013
2231:
2230:
2226:
2212:
2210:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2134:Digital Journal
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1980:leaderboard.com
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1899:on 10 June 2008
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
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1822:
1812:
1810:
1796:
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1791:
1778:
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1708:
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1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1622:Dale DePriest.
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1577:on 2 April 2015
1569:
1568:
1564:
1558:Wayback Machine
1549:
1545:
1539:Wayback Machine
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1475:poi-factory.com
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1440:(User manual).
1437:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1414:
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1409:
1399:
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1383:
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1137:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1029:
986:
935:Jackpot, Nevada
922:
897:
886:
880:
877:
862:
846:
835:
809:
793:
707:
687:
681:
674:
581:
548:Garmin products
543:TomTom products
538:Navman products
496:
478:bicycle touring
438:
428:
386:
308:
193:
187:
148:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3022:
3020:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Geoinformatics
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2936:Related topics
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:NASA WorldWind
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
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2755:
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2736:
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2715:
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2700:
2695:
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2684:
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2657:
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2624:
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2621:
2614:
2607:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2557:Related topics
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:BDS / BeiDou-1
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2370:
2369:
2354:. TIMESUNION.
2342:
2315:
2284:
2257:
2224:
2189:
2151:
2120:
2087:
2057:
2027:
1997:
1976:"GPS and Golf"
1967:
1937:
1910:
1884:
1852:
1820:
1789:
1771:
1745:
1727:
1701:
1690:on 5 June 2008
1675:
1645:
1614:
1603:on 4 June 2011
1588:
1562:
1543:
1524:
1513:on 7 July 2011
1492:
1462:
1426:
1407:
1376:
1346:
1319:
1289:
1259:
1208:
1177:
1145:
1115:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1025:
985:
982:
921:
918:
899:
898:
849:
847:
840:
834:
831:
808:
805:
792:
789:
767:wireless modem
761:and the newer
731:digital camera
706:
703:
673:
670:
589:GNSS receivers
580:
577:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
528:text to speech
427:
424:
423:
422:
407:
396:
393:
385:
382:
347:C/A code cycle
328:GPS satellites
307:
304:
239:measurements.
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
165:
159:
147:
144:
93:, and China's
26:
24:
18:GPS navigation
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3021:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
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2956:
2954:
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2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:OpenStreetMap
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
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2860:
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2857:
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2847:
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2805:
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2800:
2797:
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2777:
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2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:IRNSS / NAVIC
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Kalman filter
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
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2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
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2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2443:IRNSS / NAVIC
2441:
2439:
2438:GPS / NavStar
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
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2398:
2393:
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2379:
2378:
2375:
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2353:
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2326:
2319:
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2303:
2299:
2295:
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2258:
2245:
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2240:
2235:
2228:
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2200:
2193:
2190:
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2173:
2169:
2162:
2160:
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2135:
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2108:
2104:
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2098:
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2088:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1837:
1830:
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1793:
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1633:
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1509:
1502:
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1299:
1293:
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1119:
1116:
1103:
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1087:
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1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
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1036:
1034:
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1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
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1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
991:
983:
981:
977:
974:
970:
966:
963:
960:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
938:
936:
926:
919:
917:
916:performance.
915:
911:
907:
895:
892:
884:
874:
870:
866:
860:
859:
855:
850:This section
848:
844:
839:
838:
832:
830:
827:
823:
819:
815:
806:
804:
802:
797:
790:
788:
786:
781:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:home computer
711:
704:
702:
700:
695:
692:
686:
679:
671:
669:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
645:Some, older,
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
592:
590:
586:
578:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
531:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
450:
442:
437:
433:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
394:
391:
390:
389:
383:
381:
379:
375:
370:
368:
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751:CompactFlash
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631:Assisted GPS
629:
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553:Mio products
532:
521:
517:video player
513:image viewer
509:music player
492:
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415:assisted GPS
400:GPS tracking
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272:Toyota Prius
241:
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132:base station
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2927:Yandex Maps
2922:Yahoo! Maps
2917:ViaMichelin
2882:Google Maps
2723:SiRFatlasIV
2719:SiRFstarIII
2698:GPS tracker
2411:Operational
2362:12 February
2335:12 February
2327:. PCWorld.
2308:12 February
2277:12 February
2113:30 November
1302:Motor Trend
1170:29 December
1128:clove.co.uk
1124:"index.php"
1108:26 December
1097:Inside GNSS
1068:Radio clock
957:Moreton Bay
946:dehydration
785:SiRFstarIII
763:ExpressCard
735:smartphones
705:GPS modules
585:smartphones
583:Almost all
505:memory card
482:ergonomical
452:A Japanese
374:SiRFstarIII
306:Sensitivity
290:(2002) and
258:. In 1991,
252:Eunos Cosmo
136:cell towers
124:smartphones
89:, Russia's
2983:Categories
2948:Geocaching
2907:Petal Maps
2867:Baidu Maps
2862:Apple Maps
2829:Technology
2703:GPS logger
2452:Historical
2298:Legal Talk
2239:The Review
1930:1 February
1903:1 February
1845:1 February
1799:"Aviation"
1694:1 February
1607:1 February
1517:1 February
1312:18 January
1079:References
1013:Rental car
697:Palms and
605:Apple Maps
430:See also:
359:attenuated
260:Mitsubishi
2963:Geomatics
2953:Geocoding
2887:Here WeGo
2872:Bing Maps
2813:Protocols
2760:(retired)
2504:(retired)
2250:3 October
2213:3 October
2144:3 October
2080:3 October
2020:3 October
1960:3 October
1877:4 October
1254:119545597
1246:0007-4632
1058:GPS watch
1048:Head unit
910:receivers
881:June 2015
852:does not
801:autopilot
747:Bluetooth
699:Pocket PC
662:tethering
655:Bluetooth
462:Hand-held
363:multipath
242:In 1989,
2892:MapQuest
2794:StarFire
2789:SouthPAN
2712:Chipsets
2538:StarFire
2533:SouthPAN
2469:Timation
2356:Archived
2329:Archived
2207:Archived
2182:23 March
2176:Archived
2172:ABC News
2138:Archived
2107:Archived
2074:Archived
2044:Archived
2014:Archived
1984:Archived
1954:Archived
1813:11 April
1807:Archived
1758:Archived
1662:Archived
1632:Archived
1554:Archived
1535:Archived
1479:Archived
1455:16 March
1446:Archived
1394:Archived
1363:Archived
1333:Archived
1306:Archived
1276:Archived
1201:11 April
1195:Archived
1164:Archived
1132:Archived
1027:See also
816:and the
807:Military
796:Aviators
791:Aviators
378:MediaTek
286:(1999),
282:(1991),
237:geodetic
197:Cold War
126:may use
119:weakened
2897:OpenCPN
2680:Devices
2655:GLONASS
2650:Galileo
2633:Systems
2579:Wavelet
2474:Tsiklon
2464:Transit
2433:GLONASS
2428:Galileo
2010:nps.edu
1990:3 April
1950:gps.gov
1803:GPS.gov
1764:16 July
1720:3 April
1668:5 April
1638:5 April
1581:3 April
1485:5 April
1400:3 April
1369:18 July
1339:3 April
1226:Bibcode
1138:3 April
1038:Dashcam
990:privacy
873:removed
858:sources
466:outdoor
284:Benefon
205:Transit
185:History
91:GLONASS
87:Galileo
2640:BeiDou
2418:BeiDou
1442:Garmin
1422:
1282:15 May
1252:
1244:
759:PCMCIA
739:serial
723:laptop
666:laptop
651:serial
515:, and
493:mobile
474:hiking
292:TomTom
280:Garmin
95:BeiDou
2841:S-GPS
2836:A-GPS
2779:NTRIP
2764:JPALS
2758:GPS·C
2753:GAGAN
2748:EGNOS
2645:DORIS
2584:RINEX
2523:NTRIP
2508:JPALS
2502:GPS·C
2497:GAGAN
2492:EGNOS
2423:DORIS
2050:2 May
1871:(PDF)
1864:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
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1438:(PDF)
1250:S2CID
988:User
733:, or
664:to a
470:sport
468:, or
332:orbit
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2820:NMEA
2804:SDCM
2799:WAAS
2774:MSAS
2769:LAAS
2670:QZSS
2548:SDCM
2543:WAAS
2518:MSAS
2513:LAAS
2364:2013
2337:2013
2310:2013
2279:2013
2252:2012
2215:2012
2184:2019
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2115:2014
2082:2012
2052:2022
2022:2012
1992:2018
1962:2012
1932:2012
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1879:2016
1847:2012
1815:2019
1766:2016
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1696:2012
1670:2014
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1487:2014
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1371:2016
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1191:NASA
1172:2017
1140:2018
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856:any
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