115:
161:). Since August 2010, all Council of Europe members have been members of GRECO. Membership in GRECO is not limited to Council of Europe member states, any state which took part in the elaboration of the enlarged partial agreement, may join by notifying the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Moreover, any state which becomes party to Council of Europe's Criminal or Civil Law Conventions on Corruption automatically accedes to GRECO and its evaluation procedures. While all its member states are GRECO members, the
286:
prevent and combat corruption in functions such as those of heads of State, heads of central government, members of central government (e.g. ministers), as well as other political appointees who exercise top executive functions such as deputy ministers, State
Secretaries, heads and members of a minister's private office and senior political officials. With regard to these functions, GRECO will look into issues such as conflicts of interest, revolving doors, declaration of assets and accountability mechanisms.
42:
181:
with a view to prompting the necessary legislative, institutional and practical reforms. GRECO does not have a mandate to measure the occurrence of corrupt practices in its individual member States. Other organisations/bodies are better equipped to deal with this important matter. A widely known example is
612:
The EU became an observer to GRECO in July 2019. Acquiring observer status has legal effects, limited to the following: observers have the right to participate in GRECO meetings and to have access to all documents discussed; observers do not have the right to vote, are not subject to evaluation and
422:
On-site visits also have the potential of adding value to the “mere” evaluation of legislation. Issues of interpretation of certain legal concepts, relevant to the corruption offence (e.g. “undue advantage”, “breach of duty”), the ensuing jurisprudence, as well as the problems involved in properly
297:
At the opening of each
Evaluation Round, GRECO adopts questionnaires with guidelines and a provisional time-table for evaluations. Members designate a maximum of five evaluators for any given Evaluation Round. The profile of evaluators is determined by the thematic scope of each Evaluation Round.
281:
As regards parliamentary assemblies, the evaluation focuses on members of national
Parliaments, including all chambers of Parliament and regardless of whether the members of Parliament are appointed or elected. Concerning the judiciary and other actors in the pre-judicial and judicial process, the
180:
GRECO's objective is to improve the capacity of its members to fight corruption by monitoring their compliance with
Council of Europe anti-corruption standards through a dynamic process of mutual evaluation and peer pressure. It helps to identify deficiencies in national anti-corruption policies,
171:
Of GRECO's 2019 recommendations, Serbia, Turkey and
Slovakia did not fully implement any of them while Norway was scored best. Recommendations related to reducing corruption among MPs were least implemented (27 percent). GRECO’s president stated in a press release, "This explains to a large extent
418:
One of the most important lessons learned by GRECO, throughout its years of operation, is that the collection of first-hand information during on-site evaluation visits (a fundamental feature of GRECO's modus operandi) contributes significantly to the quality of evaluations. On-site visits are a
414:
The experience gathered in connection with the GRECO process suggests that, ideally, evaluations should be limited in scope, with clear decisions having been taken as to the relevance of certain topics and sub-topics; key questions need to be carefully phrased. Evaluations should also be based on
255:
the transparency of party funding as understood by reference to several articles of
Recommendation Rec(2003)4 on Common Rules against Corruption in the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns, and – more generally – to Guiding Principle 15 (i.e. “to encourage the adoption, by elected
419:
major asset for the credibility of the whole process in that they enable evaluation teams to hold thorough discussions with domestic key players (including representatives of civil society), to request additional information on-the-spot, and to shed light on often blurred and contentious issues.
285:
GRECO launched on 20 March 2017 its Fifth
Evaluation Round which will focus on “Preventing corruption and promoting integrity in central governments (top executive functions) and law enforcement agencies”. In the new evaluation round, GRECO will monitor the measures that states have in place to
233:
The themes and provisions to be evaluated within an evaluation round are decided on by GRECO. Members are called upon to implement the recommendations issued by GRECO within a period of 18 months. The ensuing compliance procedure assesses the implementation of each individual recommendation and
224:
GRECO monitoring comprises an evaluation procedure based largely on information gathered via questionnaires and on-site visits and a compliance procedure designed to assess the measures subsequently taken by its members to implement the recommendations emanating from GRECO's evaluations. On-site
324:
An
Evaluation Team, supported by a member of the Secretariat, carries out an on-site evaluation visit (up to 5 days) during which further information is gathered through high-level discussions with key domestic players; the visit also includes talks with representatives of civil society (NGO's,
241:
The Second
Evaluation Round (2003-2006) dealt with themes based on specific provisions of the Twenty Guiding Principles and associated provisions of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173): identification, seizure and confiscation of corruption proceeds, anti-corruption policies and
405:
The reports (Evaluation reports, Compliance reports and
Addenda to Compliance reports) relating to the First, Second, Third and Fourth evaluation rounds are made available on-line in the public part of GRECO's website, once authorisation to publish has been given by the member State concerned.
397:
Members are required to report back to GRECO on the action taken in order to address partially or non-implemented recommendations within another 18 months. The additional information submitted is appraised by GRECO and leads to the adoption of an Addendum to the relevant Compliance report. The
382:
Overall, the various stages of the compliance procedure are similar to the above. A key ingredient of the procedure is the so-called Situation Report prepared by the member concerned, which has to be submitted 18 months after the adoption of the relevant Evaluation Report. On the basis of the
237:
GRECO's First Evaluation Round (2000–2002) dealt with specific provisions of the Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption: independence, specialisation, means and resources of national bodies engaged in the prevention and fight against corruption, and the extent and scope of
220:
were associated with the preparatory work leading to the establishment of GRECO. The need for efficient monitoring mechanisms in this area was widely accepted by these organisations which contributed to discussions held under the aegis of the Council of Europe which eventually led to the
333:
The members of the Evaluation Team submit their individual written contributions to the draft Evaluation Report, including proposals for recommendations, and a first draft of the Evaluation Report is prepared by the Secretariat and submitted to the Evaluation Team for comments.
350:
The Secretariat consults the Evaluation Team on the comments made by the member. If the views of the evaluators differ, a solution is negotiated; if necessary, a coordination meeting between national representatives, the Evaluation Team and the Secretariat is arranged.
260:
GRECO's current Fourth Evaluation Round, launched on 1 January 2012, deals with corruption prevention in respect of members of Parliament, judges and prosecutors. The same priority issues are addressed in respect of all persons/functions under review, namely:
401:
All information pertaining to evaluation and compliance procedures is confidential. However, it is standing practice for members to authorise the publication of Evaluation and Compliance Reports, usually shortly after their adoption by the plenary.
383:
Situation Report, a Compliance Report is prepared which assesses the level of implementation of each recommendation issued by GRECO in the Evaluation Report. The assessment can lead to three possible conclusions, namely that a given recommendation
599:
EU cooperation with the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO): how to move towards full membership: Background document for the workshop: The EU's current role in GRECO and ambitions for the future: how to move towards full
256:
representatives, of codes of conduct and promote rules for the financing of political parties and election campaigns which deter corruption”), as laid down in the Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption.
1457:
242:
mechanisms in public administration, prevention of legal persons being used as shields for corruption, tax and financial legislation to counter corruption, links between corruption, organised crime and money laundering.
367:
Draft evaluation reports are examined by GRECO during its plenary meetings and a revised draft containing any changes required by the debate is prepared for a second reading before adoption by the plenary.
238:
immunities enjoyed by certain categories of holders of public office and/or elected representatives in respect of the investigation, prosecution and adjudication of corruption offences.
1579:
282:
evaluation focuses on prosecutors and on judges, both professional and lay judges, regardless of the type of court in which they sit, who are subject to national laws and regulations.
201:
1518:
189:(CPI) - ranking more than 150 countries according to perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys and other specialised reports such as
1376:
1335:
708:
1317:
245:
Any member having joined GRECO after the close of the First Evaluation Round (i.e. as from 2003) is subject to a joint evaluation of the First and Second Round topics.
522:
are still listed on the GRECO website as members, but as having "limited representation" (in the case of Belarus) or withdrawn as of July 2023 (in the case of Russia).
213:
1353:
1486:
1589:
1569:
1284:
491:
625:
1627:
1462:
1306:
1682:
1474:
1370:
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applying the legislation under scrutiny cannot be adequately addressed without the possibility of discussing these matters with domestic practitioners.
1404:
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adopted a comprehensive Programme of Action against Corruption and, subsequently, issued a series of anti-corruption standard-setting instruments:
750:
1446:
1311:
289:
In 2025, GRECO will launch its 6th evaluation round, focusing on preventing corruption and promoting integrity in local and regional authorities.
1534:
1451:
1398:
1340:
1269:
462:
1617:
1612:
1393:
1323:
854:
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the transposition into domestic law and practice of the incriminations provided for by the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173);
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why people’s trust in politics is very low and will be even lower if politicians don’t step up their compliance with integrity standards".
805:
799:
1539:
1434:
1428:
651:
1264:
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A first analysis of the situation in a member State is carried out by the Secretariat on the basis of replies to the questionnaires.
1672:
1440:
1364:
468:
1632:
1622:
1529:
474:
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1329:
1647:
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the Recommendation on Common Rules against Corruption in the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns (Rec(2003)4)
1416:
1410:
882:
745:
740:
735:
597:
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1422:
1382:
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visits include meeting with numerous interlocutors, government officials, civil society representatives, academics, etc.
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1300:
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709:"New GRECO evaluation round launched: Preventing corruption in central governments and law enforcement agencies"
1037:
847:
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A second draft is then drawn up by the Secretariat and sent to the member undergoing evaluation for comments.
918:
1049:
817:
398:
adoption of the Addendum usually terminates the compliance procedure in respect of the country concerned.
1274:
1054:
1017:
823:
691:
675:
972:
897:
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840:
607:
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The ongoing Third Evaluation Round (launched on 1 January 2007) covers two distinct fields, namely
1480:
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1022:
967:
572:
194:
168:
The GRECO Secretariat is located in the Council of Europe's "Agora" building completed in 2008.
153:
GRECO, which is also open to non-European states, currently has 49 members (47 European states,
1210:
1157:
985:
980:
892:
147:
135:
78:
1544:
1254:
1225:
1112:
1042:
1032:
1012:
818:
the Recommendation on Codes of Conduct for Public Officials (Recommendation No. R (2000) 10)
613:
do not take formal positions in evaluation processes nor participate in evaluation missions.
548:
432:
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1205:
1200:
877:
139:
127:
1259:
1215:
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447:
205:
162:
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has been implemented satisfactorily or otherwise dealt with in a satisfactory manner;
158:
1220:
1172:
1167:
1127:
1027:
997:
948:
812:
the Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption (Resolution (97) 24)
298:
The principal stages of the evaluation procedure are described in the table below.
626:"EU Influence: Shrugging off oversight — Uber crunch — Stellantis skips lobbying"
1184:
1142:
1137:
1102:
1069:
952:
376:
Adopted reports are published with the authorisation of the country concerned.
300:
1637:
1152:
1107:
1064:
863:
806:
the Additional Protocol to the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 191)
217:
154:
143:
82:
1074:
1002:
962:
943:
453:
1147:
1117:
887:
209:
234:
establishes an overall appraisal of the level of a member's compliance.
1458:
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
1059:
957:
519:
41:
786:
303:
1387:
515:
482: – Anti-corruption agreement among high-economic power countries
86:
17:
652:"Balkans, Central Europe Failing to Prevent MPs' Corruption – GRECO"
1347:
1007:
113:
118:
Council of Europe's Agora building, the seat of GRECO Secretariat
992:
836:
265:
ethical principles, rules of conduct and conflicts of interest;
832:
106:
1383:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
271:
declaration of assets, income, liabilities and interests;
1580:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
496:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
443:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
573:"Members and Observers/ Etats membres et Observateurs"
1377:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
1336:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
1318:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
146:(France). It was established in 1999 as an enlarged
1598:
1558:
1519:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
1509:
1500:
1293:
1247:
1238:
1193:
1095:
936:
927:
906:
870:
794:
the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173)
488: – International non-governmental organization
450: – International non-governmental organisation
102:
92:
74:
66:
48:
458:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
229:Topics and provisions subject to mutual evaluation
165:itself is not, but it became an observer in 2019.
359:A third draft is then sent to all GRECO members.
268:prohibition or restriction of certain activities;
800:the Civil Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 174)
214:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
787:Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe
543:
541:
539:
1487:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
1354:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
1285:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
848:
8:
1590:United Nations Convention against Corruption
1570:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
492:United Nations Convention against Corruption
471: – Annual event of the UN on 9 December
27:
1628:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
1463:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
1307:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
435: – Confiscation of assets by the state
1506:
1475:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
1371:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
1244:
933:
855:
841:
833:
325:media, professional organisations, etc.).
312:
40:
26:
781:Normative standards under GRECO's purview
454:ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
410:Particular strengths of the GRECO process
142:monitoring body with its headquarters in
1405:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
1447:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
1312:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
687:
685:
683:
535:
507:
150:by 17 Council of Europe member states.
1535:Freedom of information laws by country
1452:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
676:What are the evaluations of the GRECO?
465: – Intergovernmental organization
1399:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
1341:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
1270:International Anti-Corruption Academy
463:International Anti-Corruption Academy
7:
1618:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
1613:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
1394:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
1324:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
703:
701:
699:
441: – Agency of the European Union
274:enforcement of the applicable rules;
1540:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
1435:National Anticorruption Directorate
1429:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
293:Practicalities of GRECO evaluations
132:groupe d'États contre la corruption
1265:Group of States Against Corruption
713:Group of States against Corruption
650:Stojanovic, Milica (3 June 2020).
415:clear and identifiable standards.
124:Group of States against Corruption
34:Group of States Against Corruption
25:
1683:Organizations based in Strasbourg
1441:Investigative Committee of Russia
469:International Anti-Corruption Day
1633:Russian anti-corruption campaign
1623:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
1530:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
475:List of anti-corruption agencies
1469:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
1330:National Supervisory Commission
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1417:Investigation Task Force Sweep
1411:National Accountability Bureau
883:Corruption in local government
871:Corruption in different fields
494: – Anti-corruption treaty
185:(TI), which issues annually a
98:50 member states, 10 observers
1:
1525:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1423:Central Anticorruption Bureau
596:Vera Milicevic (2021-06-15).
1585:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
1575:International asset recovery
1359:Central Vigilance Commission
914:Corruption Perceptions Index
775:
480:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
390:has been partly implemented;
187:Corruption Perceptions Index
1643:2017–2019 Romanian protests
191:Global Corruption Barometer
1699:
1648:2017–2018 Russian protests
1280:Transparency International
1255:Global Financial Integrity
486:Transparency International
439:European Public Prosecutor
183:Transparency International
1608:2011 Azerbaijani protests
1085:Offshore financial centre
888:Interest group corruption
393:has not been implemented.
39:
32:
1673:Anti-corruption agencies
1550:Whistleblower protection
1038:Cryptocurrency and crime
221:establishment of GRECO.
159:United States of America
107:http://www.coe.int/greco
919:Economics of corruption
746:Round III Questionnaire
1545:UK Bribery Act of 2010
1301:Oficina AnticorrupciĂłn
1050:Noble cause corruption
907:Measures of corruption
751:Round IV Questionnaire
741:Round II Questionnaire
131:
119:
54:; 25 years ago
1275:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
1055:Professional courtesy
1018:Honest services fraud
736:Round I Questionnaire
514:As of February 2024,
117:
1239:Institutions dealing
973:Conflict of interest
898:Political corruption
1080:Offshore investment
771:Fourth GRECO Report
761:Second GRECO Report
608:European Parliament
29:
1481:Warioba Commission
1419:(Papua New Guinea)
1163:Regulatory capture
968:Commercial bribery
766:Third GRECO Report
756:First GRECO Report
306:Evaluation process
195:Bribe Payers Index
120:
1678:Council of Europe
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1211:Election security
1158:Political scandal
893:Police corruption
831:
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692:GRECO Evaluations
380:
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148:partial agreement
136:Council of Europe
112:
111:
79:Council of Europe
16:(Redirected from
1690:
1507:
1245:
1226:Vote suppression
1113:Crony capitalism
1043:Hawala and crime
1033:Money laundering
1013:Graft (politics)
993:Confidence trick
934:
928:Forms or aspects
857:
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776:
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549:"What is GRECO?"
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459:
456: – Standard
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433:Asset forfeiture
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134:, GRECO) is the
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52:May 1, 1999
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1502:Anti-corruption
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1241:with corruption
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1206:Electoral fraud
1201:Ballot stuffing
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878:Corporate crime
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70:Institutional
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1390:(Madagascar)
1314:(Bangladesh)
1221:Vote pairing
1173:Rent-setting
1168:Rent-seeking
1128:Failed state
1028:Match fixing
998:Embezzlement
977:Corporation
949:Black market
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716:. Retrieved
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659:. Retrieved
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634:. Retrieved
632:. 2023-01-19
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94:Membership
75:Headquarters
1563:and efforts
1561:instruments
1512:enforcement
1454:(Singapore)
1367:(Indonesia)
1303:(Argentina)
1185:State crime
1143:Mafia state
1138:Kleptocracy
1103:Clientelism
1070:Tax evasion
953:Grey market
661:3 September
577:www.coe.int
553:www.coe.int
1667:Categories
1638:Yo Soy 132
1483:(Tanzania)
1413:(Pakistan)
1326:(Cameroon)
1153:Plutocracy
1108:Coronelism
1065:Slush fund
864:Corruption
718:2017-03-23
636:2023-02-07
600:membership
582:2017-08-28
558:2017-08-28
530:References
277:awareness.
218:World Bank
155:Kazakhstan
144:Strasbourg
83:Strasbourg
59:1999-05-01
1601:movements
1521:(pending)
1489:(Vietnam)
1477:(Ukraine)
1437:(Romania)
1431:(Romania)
1407:(Nigeria)
1401:(Myanmar)
1379:(Liberia)
1350:(Croatia)
1320:(Burundi)
1194:Elections
1075:Tax haven
1003:Extortion
963:Collusion
944:Baksheesh
49:Formation
1510:Laws and
1443:(Russia)
1425:(Poland)
1373:(Latvia)
1332:(China)
1294:National
1148:Nepotism
1118:Cronyism
1023:Kickback
630:POLITICO
427:See also
157:and the
1599:Protest
1471:(Spain)
1361:(India)
1060:Scandal
958:Bribery
937:General
520:Belarus
373:STEP 8
364:STEP 7
356:STEP 6
347:STEP 5
339:STEP 4
330:STEP 3
321:STEP 2
313:STEP 1
176:Purpose
103:Website
57: (
1388:BIANCO
516:Russia
212:, the
204:, the
128:French
87:France
1348:USKOK
1096:State
1008:Fraud
986:Shell
981:Dummy
604:(PDF)
502:Notes
28:GRECO
18:GRECO
663:2020
518:and
202:OECD
200:The
193:and
122:The
67:Type
1365:KPK
138:'s
1669::
951:/
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698:^
682:^
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538:^
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130::
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856:e
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796:;
721:.
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126:(
61:)
20:)
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