141:, which had been approved in China solely for the treatment of epilepsy. However, GSK China purportedly aggressively marketed the drug for bipolar disorder, a use for which it was not approved. Tragically, this misrepresentation reportedly resulted in the death of a patient. Rather than address the issue transparently, GSK allegedly chose to pay approximately $ 9,000 to silence the patient. These allegations, if substantiated, paint a troubling picture of unethical behavior within GSK's China operations, highlighting potential breaches of both medical regulations and ethical standards.
394:'s raw material was packed in Cyprus and then was imported to Italy at a transferred price. After bottled in Italy, the bottled drug was imported to China at a much higher price. After it was labelled in China, the price would be even higher. The police told media that during 2009–12, GSK China's revenues of main business were ¥397.8m, ¥486.2m, ¥552.9m, ¥697.5m, but profits were merely ¥11m, ¥-4.7m, ¥6.0m, ¥-18.8m, which was owing to the company's transfer pricing strategy. Another manager of the company Liang Hong (
128:), GSK's head of government affairs in China, found herself dismissed from her position, ostensibly due to allegations of falsifying travel expenses. However, suspicions arose that Shi may have been the whistleblower behind the anonymous tips. Utilizing her connections within the Chinese political system, Vivian Shi allegedly played a role in the arrest of Peter Humphrey on what he claims were fabricated charges, further entangling the scandal within the complexities of China's legal and political landscape.
166:), executives at the company, purportedly established a risk management unit to handle such tips. Allegations emerged that GSK executives had engaged in bribery to influence regulators, prompting them to shift their focus from "commercial bribery" to "unequal competition." The executives acknowledged efforts to limit fines to a mere $ 50,000, but these attempts proved unsuccessful. This revelation underscores the extent to which GSK was allegedly willing to go to mitigate the consequences of its actions.
93:
to inflated drug prices, adversely affecting
Chinese citizens. Recognizing the need for reform, the Chinese government aimed to address these issues.Despite prior investigations into Chinese companies by the government and growing concerns about corruption in the healthcare sector, GSK seemingly overlooked the shifting dynamics of the Chinese market. The company failed to heed warnings regarding bribery practices in China, ultimately leading to the scandal.
178:, received an email with a sex tape as an attachment from an anonymous writer called "gskwhistleblower." The secretly filmed tape showed Mark Reilly's sex with his girlfriend. The film had been edited to disguise the location, but had been filmed in the bedroom of Mr.Relly's Shanghai apartment. After receiving the email he moved to a more secure location. The email accused the company and Mark Reilly of using China Comfort Travel to bribe doctors.
495:
were suspended in 2013. Pharmaceutical companies usually invested in continuing medical education (CME) where the latest medical progress was discussed in order to encourage doctors to use their products. While CME was strictly regulated in Europe and the US, there was little oversight in emerging markets such as China. In China, foreign pharmas were usually the ones who paid for the educational programs that few
Chinese companies paid.
336:, GSK transferred 3 billion yuan to over 700 travel agencies and consultancies during a 6-year period, through which the company bribed doctors, hospitals, officials and medical associations. GSK bought services from the travel agencies at prices much higher than real prices, so that the agencies were able to serve as a fund for bribery which was independent of internal financial regulations of the company.
280:
why we have not received any information. As for the chief of the China business, you had better ask him yourself why he has left China and is not willing to return so far." But he also said he was willing to cooperate with overseas partners. GSK responded that it would closely cooperate with the
Chinese authorities. Later, Reilly voluntarily returned to China to help the police with the investigations.
230:), was founded 7 years ago before the investigation, by a Shanghai real estate developer and a major Chinese footballer. The Chinese police said that the travel agency had few products but its revenue rose from million to hundreds of millions RMB. An investigation into the travel agency with help from other government offices identified its links to GSK and other pharmaceutical companies.
525:
and described his father as "an honorable and law-abiding man". Humphrey and his wife Yu said that they accepted the offer as they believed that the bribery allegations were false and that they were investigating a smear campaign. Humphrey said on
Chinese national television that it was not his intention to break any Chinese law. He refused to confess to the charges levelled against him.
41:(GSK) admitted to engaging in bribery to promote its products within the Chinese market. The scandal originated with the discovery of sex tapes featuring Mark Reilly, the head of GSK's operations in China, and his Chinese girlfriend, circulated among senior company executives. This revelation prompted internal investigations by GSK, which in turn led to the imprisonment of investigator
137:
meetings, during which GSK China allegedly funded airline tickets and hotel accommodations for
Chinese medical professionals in exchange for favorable promotion of the company's products. Furthermore, the email accused GSK China of falsifying its financial records to facilitate the illegal marketing of drugs in China. One specific example provided in the email involved the drug
453:
quarter of 2014. Globally, the quarterly profits fell by 14% to £1.3bn, which was below analysts' forecasts, leading to a 5% fall in its shares price, the biggest single fall on FTSE 100. The company still faced investigation by UK's
Serious Fraud Office and US department of justice, due to the laws against overseas corruption in the two countries where GSK was listed.
390:), former manager of GSK China, said to Xinhua that transfer pricing was a common strategy of multinationals, where a product was first sold to a middle country at a high price, and then it was imported to the destination at an even higher price based on the sale price in the middle country. Another way was to import raw materials for drugs. For example,
541:
report by 9 March, and the company would consider it as a voluntary resignation. The employees were threatened by the company as it would leave a black mark in their employees' documents if the employees refused to comply with the requests. The laid-off employees' access to their office and emails were cut right on the day of the talk.
434:
The fine was the largest corporate fine in China, but GSK did not defend its actions. In a statement after the trial, the company said it "apologizes to the
Chinese patients, doctors and hospitals, and to the Chinese government and the Chinese people." The company said it had learnt from the mistakes
279:
Mike Reilly left China on 27 June when police took action at GSK China, which was not stopped by the police. In a police press, head of China's fraud unit Gao Feng said GSK was the boss in the bribery networks. Gao continued, "This is a very serious violation and a high-profile case. We are wondering
258:
On 27 June and 10 July 2013, the
Changsha Police, with the help from Shanghai and Zhengzhou Police, carried out raids in multiple GSK offices and related travel agencies in Beijing, Shanghai, and Nanjing, acquiring files and laptops and interrogating employees. 4 executives were arrested in Shanghai,
136:
In
January 2013, the board of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) received a detailed email, spanning 5,200 words and written in English, alleging fraudulent activities within its China operations. The email outlined various accusations, including the practice of disguising tourist travel as international academic
106:
Between
December 2011 and April 2012, a series of 24 anonymous tips originating from within GSK China were sent to Chinese regulators, detailing instances of fraud and corruption within the company. These reports, unbeknownst to high-ranking GSK executives until April 2012, revealed illicit practices
73:
Since 1978, China embarked on a path of economic reform, transitioning towards a more market-oriented economy and opening its doors to global corporations. As noted by American legal academic Jerome Cohen, there had been a longstanding policy of leniency towards foreign enterprises, aimed at avoiding
540:
In the dismissal announced on 6 March 2015, 3 pregnant women and 4 nursing mothers were laid off. According to a former employee, the company talked to them individually, claiming that the employees had misbehavior and it had evidence for that. The company asked the employees to submit a resignation
92:
According to experts, China's healthcare system has been plagued by corruption, with reports of counterfeit vaccines and instances of doctors accepting bribes to bolster their financial standing. Leon Liu, a partner at the Shanghai-based law firm MWE China, highlights that corruption has contributed
575:
The company denied that it was trying to dig out the whistleblower and instead the company was trying to fix a security hole for its employees. In 2015, Shi rejoined the company that fired her three years ago. GSK confirmed the information but refused to make further comment. Friends of Humphrey/Yu
405:
GSK used bribery to stimulate the sales of extravagantly expensive drugs. A GSK rep told Xinhua that her boss said to her, "if the doctor wants money, then give them money; if the doctor wants academic achievements, then provides them with the opportunity." Liang Hong estimated that 30% of the drug
149:
However, despite the seriousness of the allegations, the whistleblower's warnings were dismissed as nothing more than a "smear campaign," according to a confidential report obtained by the New York Times. Additionally, Xinhua, a state-run media agency, reported that regulators across China had been
45:
and his wife, Yu Yingzeng, in China. The opaque judicial system in China, notorious for its high conviction rate, saw the couple facing charges of violating privacy laws. Humphrey and his wife assert their innocence, with Humphrey alleging torture and denial of medical treatment as a consequence of
544:
GSK China identified and terminated more than 110 employees which it had "dismissed as a result of a crackdown on illegal expenses" during the period preceding the scandal. The laid-off employees rallied before the GSK's Shanghai headquarter to protests against the dismissal. Approximately half of
524:
On 10 July, which was 2 weeks after the police operations at GSK offices, Shanghai police arrested Humphrey and his wife Yu at their Shanghai apartment, charging them with privacy law breach. Harvard Humphrey, the son of Peter Humphrey accused of GSK of engaging his father “under false pretenses”,
494:
The anti-corruption effort backfired at the communication between international pharmaceutical firms and Chinese academics and local firms. A senior research director in Shanghai admitted money-involving new cooperation between international pharmaceutical firms and Chinese academics and hospitals
468:
said it would examine the drug prices by 60 firms, after it had succeeded in making some foreign infant formula producers to lower the price in an earlier price-related inquiry. But the low prices was predicted not to last long without a systematic change to China's healthcare system. Many Chinese
456:
The legal suits in China forced the company to make a statement in December 2013, where changes in incentive programs, including cancelling individual sales targets and related bonus, were put forwards and expected to be enforced since 2014. To educate doctors about its products "transparently and
430:
was not public as requested by GSK who wanted to keep business secrets. Mike Reilly was sentenced to 3-year jail sentences with 4-year suspension and deportation from China. Other three Chinese GSK employees were sentenced to 2 to 4 years. The company was sentenced to a record 3 billion yuan fine.
360:
was priced at 142 RMB in mainland China, while it only cost 18RMB, 26RMB, 30RMB to buy the drug in Korea, Canada and Britain respectively. Adefovir Dipivoxil, another product of GSK, was as expensive as 182 RMB, but it only costs 103.5RMB and 59.92RMB to buy them in Japan and Hong Kong. The police
195:
GSK's China business was plagued with alleged bribery. 56 employees in China were dismissed in the year before the scandal, among a total of 312 dismissals. Although the company did investigate into the allegations stated by the whistleblower, a week before the Chinese investigation, the internal
570:
I didn’t reveal to GSK personnel that I was the whistle-blower because doing so would have placed me in potential physical jeopardy. You understand that criminals — you know that they were convicted later in Chinese courts — were in charge of GSK China at that time, and I truly believe that they
565:
the whistleblower could be more than one person, as the emails to regulators were written in fluent English via a Gmail account while the emails with a sex tape were written in poor English thorough a Chinese email service. One of the email addresses responded to the New York Times, which denied
477:
For a long time, corruption had been usually considered as part of the cost of doing business in China, and the medical industry was no exception. GSK's case occurred during the backdrop of Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign, which was believed to be focused on eliminating political opponents
452:
Although the China market only contributed to a small fraction of overall revenue of GSK, it is the fastest-growing markets of the company. The company had heavily invested in the market, where it built both clinical and research facilities. GSK's sales in China recorded a 25% drop in the second
339:
Xinhua described the hierarchy of GSK's bribery networks, where the company reps bribed ordinary doctors, area managers bribed major clients, regional manager bribed VIPs, the marketing department bribed academics, and the VIP department bribed institutes. To avoid regulation, the company paid 7
77:
China's evolving economic nationalism, which prioritizes domestic companies over foreign counterparts, has resulted in heightened scrutiny of foreign firms operating within its borders. This shift in approach underscores a departure from previous practices, as the Chinese government increasingly
610:
As GSK bribery in China was a breach of US's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act during 2010–13, the Securities and Exchange Commission launched an investigation into the company. In September 2016, GSK agreed to pay a civil penalty of $ 20 million to settle the case, but it did not admit or deny the
107:
within the company's operations in China, including improper marketing techniques and kickbacks to healthcare professionals. Despite assurances made to US regulators in July 2012 regarding the cessation of improper marketing practices and kickbacks, GSK continued these activities within China.
49:
In September 2014, following a trial in Changsha, GSK issued a public apology to the Chinese populace and agreed to pay one of the largest fines in Chinese history, totaling ¥3 billion (£300 million; €350 million; $ 490 million). Four company executives, including Mark Reilly, the sole foreign
187:
whistleblower, in the government. Humphrey believed he was investigating a smear campaign. He visited Lanson Place where the tape was filmed and compiled a dossier of the potential suspects. On 6 June 2013, Humphrey submitted a report to GSK where he believed Shi to be the responsible party.
186:
In April 2013, Mark Reilly, GSK's China head paid Peter Humphrey's ChinaWhys, a small risk consultancy which served Dell and Dow Chemical, to investigate into the break-in at his apartment and estimate the potential influence of the fired former employee, Vivian Shi, who was thought to be the
521:, China's privacy law had become from one of the loosest one to a tighter one. In 2009, the country amended the criminal law to prohibit illegal transfer or trade of personal data and punish anyone who wants to buy or sell them. Violation of the law can lead to up to 3 years in jail.
406:
prices were used in bribery in GSK China's sales. Although the compliance department and Internal Audit Department of GSK China showed evidence to the company that the company was faking invoices and fabricating records and books, the warnings were not taken seriously. Lan Shengke (
532:, which was a much more severe sentence compared to other cases of similar conditions in Shanghai. After being denied care and tortured, Humphrey was released 7 months early and his wife Yu was released about the same time. They left China and went to the UK on 16 June 2015.
490:
published reports, saying that foreign companies in China felt increasingly targeted by Chinese regulators. The president of the US-China Business Council doubted whether China was using such kinds of probes to protect its domestic industry.
435:
and would do "tangible actions to establish itself as a model for reform in China’s healthcare industry." The company also promised to continue to invest in China and would change its incentive program fundamentally. A source told
601:"After an extensive and careful examination, I have concluded that there is either insufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction or it is not in the public interest to bring a prosecution in these cases."
482:, an associate principal at China Market Research Group, said that the GSK's case could be part of the greater trend of fighting against corruption, where foreign firms were advised to carefully obey the law. However, the
246:
Police to form a task force to investigate into the lead. The task force gathered evidence for GSK's bribery in ten plus Chinese provinces including Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning, Xinjiang in a year-long period.
483:
365:
The company would first do market research in China. If there were similar drugs in China, they would make the prices of the drugs as a reference, or else, the company could price the drug "as high as it
196:
investigation was concluded with "no evidence of corruption or bribery in our China business." The New York Times said an internal audit in 2011 already show serious problems in GSK China's facility.
348:) to sell its products. The company bought cars, cameras, televisions, electrical autos and other non-medical equipment to bribed centers of disease control and vaccine injection centers for ¥13m.
216:, a state run media outlet, and the police report, the Chinese investigations started with an investigation into an unknown Shanghai travel agency in early 2013. According to Shanghai-based media
457:
without any perception of conflict of interest," the company also aimed to stop direct payment to any attendees at medical conferences by 2016, which was considered a significant move by the
414:), an executive of GSK China, said that Mike Reilly even fired a director at the compliance department as the strict enforcement of the compliance rules affected sales performance in 2011.
545:
the terminated workers appealed their dismissal, and GSK's refusal to reimburse employees for expenses incurred before termination, before a labour dispute arbitration committee.
259:
including Mike Reilly, the company's China head and protagonist of the sex tape. A total of 14 were arrested. The Changsha Police announced the operation in a short statement on
898:
576:
couple believed Shi was a key figure in the couple's detention and the couple's investigations into Shi's political relations resulted in them being sent to jail.
150:
receiving tips about GSK's bribery practices for years prior to the scandal. In an apparent attempt to address these concerns, in 2012, Mike Reilly, Zhang Guowei (
802:
268:
769:
1792:
627:
528:
Humphrey and Yu were found to have acquired 256 items of personal information. Humphrey was sentenced to 2 and a half and Yu was sentenced to 2 years by the
1845:
1707:
465:
1871:
1820:
469:
doctors said they had no choice but to use these foreign drugs, when Chinese patients had little trust in the quality of the Chinese equivalents.
464:
Following the scandal, GSK promised to lower the prices of its products in China, which was regarded as a signal to other drugmakers in China.
378:
GSK China then would apply for approval from China's Development and Reform Commission for a new price based on the calculated importing price.
329:'Dragon Flying Project') where the company used bribery to disincentivise Chinese doctors from using a Chinese equivalent of Heptodin.
209:
The Chinese police denied that it was because of the internal conflicts and tips from inside the company that they launched the investigation.
1929:
656:
1442:
590:
51:
971:
1331:
333:
239:
2031:
1683:
1758:
74:
embarrassment and dispelling the notion of widespread corruption within China. However, this mindset has shifted in recent years.
529:
50:
national implicated, received sentences. Reilly received a suspended sentence and was subsequently deported from China. The UK
830:
1389:
1131:
439:
that the sales group for hepatitis drugs, which was related to the company's bribery plans, was downsized after the scandal.
866:
1987:
427:
372:
GSK then sent the prices in China to GSK's transfer pricing (TP) center to calculate the importing prices and cost prices.
1105:
2016:
458:
375:
When the prices were approved by the TP center, GSK China would import the drugs at the calculated importing prices.
1310:
487:
1475:
1630:
1077:
924:
1502:
54:
wrapped up its investigation in 2019 after determining insufficient evidence to pursue further legal action.
68:
35:
2026:
2021:
1017:
509:
42:
1417:
218:
1194:
1581:
1528:
1360:
1219:
436:
1732:
Clarke, Donald C. (2015). "The Peter Humphrey/Yu Yingzeng Case and Business Intelligence in China".
1708:"'We deeply regret breaking the law': GSK-linked Peter Humphrey and wife formally charged in China"
87:
1903:
1659:
1553:
479:
1339:
981:
554:
361:
investigation also showed how GSK manipulated their drug prices in China, which took 5 measures:
1937:
1879:
1741:
1737:
1450:
1282:
1274:
1139:
932:
874:
838:
777:
741:
733:
685:
298:
1264:
976:
725:
407:
395:
383:
341:
316:
302:
223:
159:
151:
111:
517:
38:
628:"SFO closes GlaxoSmithKline investigation and investigation into Rolls-Royce individuals"
1768:
255:
Police were also assigned to make the investigation into the suspected economic crimes.
657:"40 years on from the 'experiments' that transformed China into an economic superpower"
597:
in 2019, after costing £7.5 million in the investigation. The Office's director said,
2010:
1763:
1606:
1032:
222:, the travel agency, namely Shanghai Linjiang International Travel Agency Co., Ltd. (
1305:
594:
175:
593:
initiated an investigation in 2014, but the cased was closed by its new director
332:
According to Gao Feng, head of the economic crimes investigation unit at China's
27:
Bribing scandal involving the Chinese branch of drugmaker company GlaxoSmithKline
17:
267:, UCB and other pharmaceutical companies' employees were also questioned by the
264:
174:
In March, 13 executives of the company's London headquarter, including the CEO
422:
The trial on the company's commercial bribery was held in the Chinese city of
391:
357:
260:
1961:
1941:
1883:
1454:
1278:
1143:
1056:
936:
878:
842:
781:
737:
1332:"UPDATE 4-China hands drugmaker GSK record $ 489 mln fine for paying bribes"
713:
294:
252:
1684:"GlaxoSmithKline notifies SEC, DOJ of new questions in China bribery probe"
1286:
745:
1166:
1007:
1443:"GlaxoSmithKline affirms policy of anti-corruption amid 14% profits fall"
423:
248:
243:
138:
1269:
1252:
1361:"China hands drugmaker GSK record $ 489 million fine for paying bribes"
301:, expired in 2006. To cope with this, the company launched Changcheng (
729:
1660:"Peter Humphrey case shows effects of China's tightened privacy laws"
1390:"China fines drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline $ 492 million in bribery case"
1132:"GlaxoSmithKline 'the big boss' in £300m bribery scandal, China says"
1012:
867:"GlaxoSmithKline confirms existence of sex tape of former China boss"
571:
would have harmed me in some fashion had they discovered my identity.
213:
119:
1010:[Xinhua on GSK case: an open China is not a lawless place].
1078:"UPDATE 1-Chinese police visit AstraZeneca, question one employee"
369:
GSK China then reported the prices to the financial sector of GSK.
1930:"Dropped Glaxosmithkline inquiry cost Serious Fraud Office £7.5m"
46:
his refusal to confess to what he deems fabricated accusations.
78:
emphasizes the promotion and protection of its own industries.
1846:"Glaxo Rehires Former Government Affairs Executive Vivian Shi"
1821:"Glaxo Workers Laid Off in China Plan to Dispute Terminations"
899:"Sex, bribes and videotapes: GSK ex-boss deported from China"
801:
Schipani, Cindy A.; Liu, Junhai; Xu, Haiyan (30 March 2016).
402:) said that this helped the company avoid taxation in China.
1793:"Ex-GSK China staff seek compensation for illegal dismissal"
1988:"GSK pays SEC $ 20 million to settle China FCPA violations"
770:"Drug Giant Faced a Reckoning as China Took Aim at Bribery"
1872:"Glaxo Rehires Executive Investigated as a Whistle-Blower"
1106:"Shanghai AstraZeneca employee questioned amid GSK probe"
426:
on 19 September 2014. According to Xinhua, the trial at
1220:"GSK used travel agencies for China bribes: police"
566:Vivian Shi as a whistleblower. The response added,
714:"Former head of GSK China is charged with bribery"
340:smaller drug companies including Jiangsu Tailing (
925:"GSK's China crisis: questions that need answers"
473:Foreign firms in China's anti-corruption campaign
1631:"How GlaxoSmithKline missed red flags in China"
599:
568:
110:In the midst of these revelations, Vivian Shi (
34:unfolded when the China division of the global
686:"Curbing Corruption: GlaxoSmithKline in China"
269:State Administration for Industry and Commerce
1253:"China clampdown on GSK linked to drug costs"
8:
1552:Andrew, Jack; Waldmeir, Patti (2013-12-18).
1529:"China opens investigation into drug prices"
315:'Great Wall Project') and Longteng (
1904:"GSK rehires suspected China whistleblower"
324:
310:
1476:"GSK to scrap drug targets for sales reps"
655:Zhou, Christina; Xiao, Bang (2018-12-01).
530:Shanghai First Intermediate People’s Court
466:National Development and Reform Commission
1554:"GSK China probe flags up wider concerns"
1268:
824:
822:
1734:GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper
472:
182:GSK investigation into the whistleblower
1962:"GSK fined $ 490m by China for bribery"
1503:"Why China pays too much for medicines"
1057:"GSK fined $ 490m by China for bribery"
803:"Doing Business in a Connected Society"
619:
82:Corruption in China's healthcare system
1575:
1573:
1497:
1495:
1411:
1409:
1383:
1381:
1300:
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650:
648:
1815:
1813:
1787:
1785:
1753:
1751:
1653:
1651:
1100:
1098:
1016:(in Chinese). 2014-09-19 – via
1002:
1000:
998:
860:
858:
680:
678:
676:
606:US Securities and Exchange Commission
484:American Chamber of Commerce in China
478:rather than stamping out corruption.
7:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
707:
705:
428:Changsha Intermediate People’s Court
63:Loose control over foreign companies
1607:"GSK China mass bribery 'credible'"
1418:"Could China scandal derail Glaxo?"
580:Investigations by other governments
991:– via People's Daily Online.
97:Whistleblower of the China scandal
25:
1986:Cassin, Richard L. (2016-09-30).
1582:"China drugs scandal set to grow"
1474:Harrison, Virginia (2013-12-17).
81:
549:Vivian Shi and the whistleblower
865:Rankin, Jennifer (2014-06-30).
1416:Petroff, Alanna (2013-07-17).
503:
124:
1:
1870:Barboza, David (2015-08-04).
1658:Hille, Kathrin (2013-08-29).
1605:Gracie, Carrie (2014-07-03).
1580:Riley, Charles (2013-07-16).
1527:Riley, Charles (2013-07-05).
1441:Kollewe, Julia (2014-07-23).
1388:Makinen, Julie (2014-09-19).
1208:– via www.china.com.cn.
829:Barboza, David (2016-11-01).
768:Barboza, David (2016-11-01).
145:Bribery to Chinese regulators
1767:. 2015-03-20. Archived from
1338:. 2014-09-19. Archived from
1130:Neate, Rupert (2013-07-15).
980:. 2013-07-15. Archived from
923:Neate, Rupert (2013-07-23).
293:The patent of GSK's leading
102:Emails to Chinese regulators
459:British Medical Association
2048:
1928:Ralph, Alex (2019-04-20).
1736:. 2015–26. Rochester, NY.
1251:Jia, Hepeng (2013-10-01).
831:"Glaxo's Fallout in China"
712:Parry, Jane (2014-05-16).
507:
170:Sex tape of the China head
85:
66:
2032:Medical scandals in China
1311:Southern Metropolis Daily
1195:"葛兰素史克涉贿案侦查终结 五大贿赂链条遍及全国"
1031:Jingyu, Ye (2013-07-25).
514:According to lawyers via
504:Humphrey's privacy breach
488:US-China Business Council
411:
399:
387:
345:
320:
306:
227:
163:
155:
132:Emails to GSK headquarter
115:
1778:– via eastday.com.
1759:"葛兰素史克"行贿门"后在华大幅裁员 包括孕妇"
1712:South China Morning Post
1110:South China Morning Post
334:Public Security Ministry
240:Public Security Ministry
1306:"起底葛兰素史克天价药黑幕：行贿费占药价3成"
1008:"新华评葛兰素史克案：开放的中国不是法外之地"
585:UK Serious Fraud Office
448:Sales strategies of GSK
437:China Business Networks
69:Chinese economic reform
1171:China Business Network
1167:"GSK"长城计划"隐秘：用贿赂对抗仿制药"
1018:China Business Network
603:
573:
510:Peter William Humphrey
284:Chinese media coverage
191:Internal investigation
1037:The Economic Observer
352:Distorted drug prices
263:on 28 June. Besides,
219:the Economic Observer
200:Police investigations
158:), and Zhao Hongyan (
1257:Nature Biotechnology
632:Serious Fraud Office
591:Serious Fraud Office
52:Serious Fraud Office
1270:10.1038/nbt1013-861
807:Illinois Law Review
88:Healthcare in China
2017:GSK plc litigation
1876:The New York Times
835:The New York Times
774:The New York Times
289:Bribery to doctors
1394:Los Angeles Times
1320:– via Sohu.
1045:– via Sohu.
1033:"上海临江旅行社现资本、名人背景"
972:"葛兰素史克"贿赂门"四高管被抓"
730:10.1136/bmj.g3356
536:Illegal dismissal
327:
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32:GSK China scandal
18:GSK China Scandal
16:(Redirected from
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1992:The FCPA Blog
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1995:. Retrieved
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1970:. Retrieved
1968:. 2014-09-19
1965:
1956:
1945:. Retrieved
1933:
1923:
1912:. Retrieved
1910:. 2015-08-03
1907:
1898:
1887:. Retrieved
1875:
1865:
1854:. Retrieved
1852:. 2015-08-01
1849:
1840:
1829:. Retrieved
1827:. 2015-03-09
1824:
1801:. Retrieved
1799:. 2014-07-16
1796:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1762:
1733:
1727:
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1691:. Retrieved
1688:FiercePharma
1687:
1678:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1639:. Retrieved
1637:. 2013-07-19
1634:
1625:
1614:. Retrieved
1610:
1600:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:
1522:
1511:. Retrieved
1509:. 2013-07-26
1506:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1447:The Guardian
1446:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1369:. Retrieved
1367:. 2014-09-19
1364:
1355:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1335:
1326:
1315:. Retrieved
1309:
1260:
1256:
1228:. Retrieved
1226:. 2013-07-15
1223:
1214:
1203:. Retrieved
1201:. 2014-05-15
1198:
1175:. Retrieved
1173:. 2014-05-15
1170:
1147:. Retrieved
1136:The Guardian
1135:
1125:
1114:. Retrieved
1112:. 2013-07-22
1109:
1086:. Retrieved
1084:. 2013-07-22
1081:
1072:
1061:. Retrieved
1059:. 2014-09-19
1051:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1026:
1011:
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
975:
940:. Retrieved
929:The Guardian
928:
918:
907:. Retrieved
905:. 2014-09-19
902:
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882:. Retrieved
871:The Guardian
870:
846:. Retrieved
834:
810:. Retrieved
806:
796:
785:. Retrieved
773:
721:
717:
693:. Retrieved
689:
664:. Retrieved
660:
636:. Retrieved
634:. 2019-02-22
631:
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595:Lisa Osofsky
588:
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480:Ben Cavender
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418:Court ruling
404:
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331:
292:
278:
275:GSK response
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194:
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176:Andrew Witty
173:
148:
135:
123:
109:
105:
91:
76:
72:
48:
31:
29:
1263:(10): 861.
265:AstraZeneca
2011:Categories
1997:2020-01-08
1972:2020-01-08
1947:2020-01-08
1914:2020-01-08
1889:2020-01-09
1856:2020-01-08
1831:2020-01-08
1803:2020-01-08
1775:2020-01-09
1718:2020-01-08
1693:2020-01-08
1669:2020-01-08
1641:2020-01-12
1616:2020-01-12
1591:2020-01-12
1563:2020-01-12
1538:2020-01-12
1513:2020-01-10
1485:2020-01-12
1460:2020-01-10
1427:2020-01-12
1399:2020-01-10
1371:2020-01-08
1346:2020-01-09
1317:2020-01-10
1230:2020-01-08
1205:2020-01-10
1177:2020-01-10
1149:2020-01-10
1116:2020-01-09
1088:2020-01-09
1063:2020-01-08
1042:2019-01-10
988:2020-01-10
942:2020-01-10
909:2020-01-08
884:2020-01-08
848:2020-01-08
812:2020-01-08
787:2020-01-08
695:2020-01-08
666:2020-01-08
638:2021-02-03
615:References
508:See also:
358:Lamivudine
86:See also:
67:See also:
58:Background
1942:0140-0460
1934:The Times
1884:0362-4331
1455:0261-3077
1279:1546-1696
1144:0261-3077
937:0261-3077
879:0261-3077
843:0362-4331
782:0362-4331
738:1756-1833
724:: g3356.
499:Aftermath
295:hepatitis
253:Zhengzhou
242:assigned
36:drugmaker
1586:CNNMoney
1533:CNNMoney
1480:CNNMoney
1422:CNNMoney
1287:24104733
746:24838107
661:ABC News
424:Changsha
366:wanted."
299:Heptodin
249:Shanghai
244:Changsha
139:Lamictal
1797:Reuters
1742:2640737
1635:Reuters
1507:Reuters
1365:Reuters
1336:Reuters
1224:Reuters
1082:Reuters
408:Chinese
396:Chinese
392:Zinacef
384:Chinese
342:Chinese
317:Chinese
303:Chinese
224:Chinese
160:Chinese
152:Chinese
125:Shī Wén
112:Chinese
1940:
1882:
1740:
1453:
1285:
1277:
1199:Xinhua
1142:
1013:Xinhua
935:
877:
841:
780:
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443:Impact
410::
398::
386::
356:GSK's
346:江苏泰陵医药
344::
319::
305::
297:drug,
226::
214:Xinhua
162::
154::
122::
120:pinyin
114::
589:UK's
261:Weibo
1938:ISSN
1880:ISSN
1738:SSRN
1451:ISSN
1283:PMID
1275:ISSN
1140:ISSN
933:ISSN
875:ISSN
839:ISSN
778:ISSN
742:PMID
734:ISSN
516:the
486:and
326:lit.
321:龙腾计划
312:lit.
307:长城计划
251:and
238:The
30:The
1966:BBC
1611:BBC
1265:doi
726:doi
722:348
718:BMJ
556:the
412:兰省科
388:陈洪波
164:赵虹燕
156:张国维
2013::
1990:.
1964:.
1936:.
1932:.
1906:.
1878:.
1874:.
1848:.
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400:梁宏
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116:施文
2000:.
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