338:
42:
1718:
954:
Despite these promising early results, the further investigation and development of GW501516 was discontinued after observations in animal studies of its association with the rapid induction of cancers in several organs (liver, stomach, tongue, skin, bladder, ovaries, womb and
829:. The PPARδ/coactivator complex in turn upregulates the expression of proteins involved in energy expenditure. Furthermore, in rats treated with GW501516, increased fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle and protection against diet-induced obesity and
1521:
Thevis M, Geyer H, Thomas A, Schänzer W (May 2011). "Trafficking of drug candidates relevant for sports drug testing: detection of non-approved therapeutics categorized as anabolic and gene doping agents in products distributed via the
Internet".
649:'s laboratory purchased a sample of GW501516 and gave mice a much higher dose than had been used in GSK's experiments; they found that the compound dramatically increased the physical performance of the mice. The work was published in 2007 in
686:
that was not currently controlled by regulations or detected by standard tests. One of the main researchers from the study on enhanced endurance consequently developed a urine test to detect the drug, and made it available to the
730:
in
December 2012, four Costa Rican riders tested positive for GW501516. Three of them received two-year suspensions, while the fourth received 12 years as it was his second doping violation. In April 2013, Russian cyclist
1656:
717:
In 2013, WADA took the rare step of warning potential users of the compound of the possible health risks, stating that "clinical approval has not, and will not be given for this substance"; the
552:
In 2007, research was published showing that high doses of GW501516 given to mice dramatically improved their physical performance; the work was widely discussed in popular media, and led to a
920:
Sahebkar A, Chew GT, Watts GF (March 2014). "New peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists: potential treatments for atherogenic dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease".
1191:"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta agonist, GW501516, regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid catabolism and energy uncoupling in skeletal muscle cells"
1402:
564:(WADA) developed a test for GW501516 and other related chemicals and added them to the prohibited list in 2009; it has issued additional warnings to athletes that GW501516 is not safe.
1461:
86:
478:
1694:
2298:
2177:
1958:
1488:
796:
696:
523:
639:, but GSK abandoned further development of the drug in 2007 for reasons which were not disclosed at the time. It later emerged that the drug was discontinued because
420:
1617:
1653:
620:
in 2000 followed by phase I/II in 2002. In 2003, Ligand
Pharmaceuticals earned a $ 1 million payment as a result of GSK continuing phase I development.
434:
779:
that his July 18 drug test the prior month detected trace amounts of GW501516. Asinga has alleged in a suit filed in the
Southern District of New York that
1942:
870:
1933:
1825:
1773:
1126:
759:'s World Heavyweight titles to be cancelled. In December 2020, Miller was suspended for 2 years for repeated violations. In July 2022, the 2012 800
2751:
1406:
1230:
462:
InChI=1S/C21H18F3NO3S2/c1-12-9-16(7-8-17(12)28-10-19(26)27)29-11-18-13(2)25-20(30-18)14-3-5-15(6-4-14)21(22,23)24/h3-9H,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,26,27)
1598:
1507:
1636:
2761:
2337:
2324:
2198:
1979:
1244:
Billin AN (October 2008). "PPAR-beta/delta agonists for Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: an adopted orphan still looking for a home".
2776:
1799:
1698:
768:
903:
454:
2314:
688:
643:
showed that the drug caused cancer to develop rapidly in several organs, at dosages of 3 mg/kg/day in both mice and rats.
155:
107:
1319:
1288:
2332:
2193:
1974:
1485:
783:
provided him with
Gatorade Recovery Gummies at their awards ceremony one week earlier in Los Angeles tainted with GW501516.
1127:"Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Earns $ 1 Million Milestone Payment as GlaxoSmithKline Advances Development of 501516"
1926:
736:
1747:
2729:
2593:
2583:
838:
727:
257:
595:
557:
317:
1911:
2796:
683:
2791:
2268:
2142:
2771:
1919:
1602:
834:
776:
692:
561:
226:
1032:"A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist promotes reverse cholesterol transport"
980:"The function of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta in energy homeostasis"
591:
542:
72:
1881:
Sprecher DL (December 2007). "Lipids, lipoproteins, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-delta".
2756:
2507:
2319:
2117:
2112:
2024:
823:
636:
577:
530:
2102:
1328:
1297:
1224:
679:
306:
217:
1730:
775:, who set the under-20 world track record in the men’s 100 meters, was informed on Aug. 9, 2023 by the
2517:
2766:
1989:
1043:
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2633:
2352:
333:
172:
79:
2555:
2525:
2502:
2497:
2482:
2397:
2372:
710:. In 2011, it was reported to cost $ 1,000 for 10 g. In 2012, WADA recategorised GW501516 from a
2786:
2492:
2437:
2402:
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1269:
1009:
945:
538:
54:
2530:
2223:
2638:
2462:
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2253:
2243:
2082:
2077:
2014:
2288:
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2152:
2097:
1898:
1860:
1580:
1539:
1380:
1261:
1212:
1171:
1071:
1001:
967:"GW501516 GlaxoSmithKline, Ligand milestone payment". R & D Focus Drug News. 28 June 2004.
937:
667:
286:
2648:
2628:
2608:
2603:
2427:
2162:
2059:
1030:
Oliver WR, Shenk JL, Snaith MR, Russell CS, Plunket KD, Bodkin NL, et al. (April 2001).
246:
2623:
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2203:
1994:
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1570:
1531:
1440:
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1362:
1253:
1202:
1161:
1153:
1115:"GW501516 GlaxoSmithKline phase change II, UK". R & D Focus Drug News. 25 February 2002.
1061:
1051:
991:
929:
830:
748:
623:
By 2007, GW501516 had completed two phase II clinical studies and other studies relating to
526:
354:
181:
266:
1660:
1492:
1104:"GW501516 Glaxo Wellcome phase change I, UK". R & D Focus Drug News. 20 November 2000.
1090:
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603:
573:
534:
337:
1047:
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1375:
1350:
1166:
1141:
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747:
was provisionally suspended by the Lampre team. In
February 2014, Russian race walker
651:
640:
617:
613:
546:
2745:
2707:
2697:
2560:
2540:
2535:
2487:
2467:
2263:
2132:
2087:
1618:"GW501516 positives confirmed, three of four riders are from same BCR Pizza Hut team"
1066:
1031:
875:
732:
719:
599:
1349:
Fan W, Waizenegger W, Lin CS, Sorrentino V, He MX, Wall CE, et al. (May 2017).
1273:
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949:
206:
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2512:
2472:
2447:
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2147:
2137:
2127:
2122:
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1332:
1301:
772:
744:
707:
706:
and athletics websites and by 2011 had already been available for some time on the
703:
632:
580:
that began in 1992. The discovery of the compound was published in a 2001 issue of
553:
515:
1894:
767:
tested positive for GW501516 and was provisionally suspended just days before the
1673:
1575:
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2107:
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2004:
1999:
1984:
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996:
979:
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2712:
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2028:
2009:
1743:
764:
396:
237:
2432:
2422:
2357:
2238:
2228:
2049:
1189:
Dressel U, Allen TL, Pippal JB, Rohde PR, Lau P, Muscat GE (December 2003).
850:
537:
in the 1990s. It entered into clinical development as a drug candidate for
1902:
1864:
1826:"Teen sprinter sues Gatorade over doping ban that cost him an Olympic spot"
1584:
1543:
1384:
1318:
Newsholme SJ, Dunsford WS, Brodie T, Brennan C, Brown M, Geiger LE (2009).
1265:
1216:
1175:
1075:
1056:
1005:
941:
1287:
Geiger LE, Dunsford WS, Lewis DJ, Brennan C, Liu KC, Newsholme SJ (2009).
572:
GW501516 was initially discovered during a research collaboration between
163:{2-methyl-4--1,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)sulfanyl]-2-methylphenoxy}acetic acid
2412:
2387:
2213:
2039:
2019:
1752:
1559:"Telmisartan as metabolic modulator: a new perspective in sports doping?"
1207:
1190:
826:
816:
812:
780:
628:
549:
showed that the drug caused cancer to develop rapidly in several organs.
33:
2299:
2178:
1959:
1321:
PS 896 - Mouse carcinogenicity study with GW501516, a PPAR delta agonist
751:
tested positive for GW501516. In April 2019, American heavyweight boxer
2598:
2233:
1800:"London 2012 medallist Nijel Amos suspended after positive doping test"
792:
740:
624:
192:
1290:
PS 895 - Rat carcinogenicity study with GW501516, a PPAR delta agonist
41:
17:
2167:
1157:
880:
865:
860:
855:
297:
1535:
1091:"Father and Son: In Two Generations, Drug Research Sees a Big Shift"
1943:
904:"Anti-doping agency warns cheats on the health risks of Endurobol"
419:
410:
277:
699:
modulators, and added such drugs to the prohibited list in 2009.
726:
A number of athletes have tested positive for GW501516. At the
723:
attributed the warning to the risks of the drug causing cancer.
666:
Another human study (comparing cardarine with the PPARα agonist
582:
125:
1915:
1327:. 48th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. Baltimore:
1296:. 48th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. Baltimore:
134:
1674:"European champion Valery Kaykov sacked for failing drug test"
1429:"Cardarine (GW501516) Effects on Improving Metabolic Syndrome"
1142:"PPAR delta: a dagger in the heart of the metabolic syndrome"
1462:"Warning to Beijing Olympics over pills that mimic exercise"
755:
tested positive for GW501516 which caused his challenge for
322:
1851:
Pelton P (April 2006). "GW-501516 GlaxoSmithKline/Ligand".
1637:"Four riders each handed two year bans for use of GW501516"
833:
was observed. In obese rhesus monkeys, GW501516 increased
116:
739:
after having tested positive for GW501516. Kaykov's team
556:
for the drug candidate and to its abuse by athletes as a
2304:
Tooltip
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
2183:
Tooltip
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
1964:
Tooltip
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
1508:"Anti-doping agency warns athletes of black market drug"
1351:"PPARδ Promotes Running Endurance by Preserving Glucose"
695:(WADA) developed a test for GW501516 and other related
655:
and was widely reported in the popular press including
485:
1601:. World Anti-Doping Agency. 2013-03-21. Archived from
743:
dismissed him immediately and in May 2013, Venezuelan
1748:"Sources: 'Big Baby' Miller failed three drug tests"
2657:
2297:
2176:
1957:
822:In rats, binding of GW501516 to PPARδ recruits the
598:" to develop it. One of the authors was the son of
442:
O=C(COc1ccc(SCc2c(C)nc(c3ccc(C(F)(F)F)cc3)s2)cc1C)O
408:
395:
353:
348:
316:
296:
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236:
225:
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191:
171:
146:
106:
101:
85:
71:
53:
48:
1948:Tooltip Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
2584:
915:
913:
714:compound to a "hormone and metabolic modulator".
1876:
1874:
1129:. Reuters Significant Developments. 5 June 2003.
205:
1774:"Heavyweight Miller gets 2-year PED suspension"
180:
1025:
1023:
1927:
1695:"Miguel Ubeto Aponte provisionally suspended"
1140:Barish GD, Narkar VA, Evans RM (March 2006).
682:that GW501516 could be used by athletes as a
529:that was invented in a collaboration between
8:
32:
1934:
1920:
1912:
1731:Doping probe launched into Russian walkers
1433:Journal of Health, Sports, and Kinesiology
871:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
735:was suspended by cycling's governing body
336:
245:
1574:
1502:
1500:
1444:
1374:
1206:
1165:
1065:
1055:
995:
763:m Olympic silver medalist from Botswana,
265:
121: Scheduled as illegal from June 2018
1853:Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs
1396:
1394:
1719:Sanctioned athletes list – 26 June 2014
1557:Sanchis-Gomar F, Lippi G (March 2012).
1246:Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
897:
895:
891:
459:
439:
332:
160:
1222:
799:receptor. It displays high affinity (K
31:
1146:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
616:of the compound for the treatment of
305:
285:
7:
807:= 1 nM) for PPARδ with greater than
670:and placebo) was published in 2021.
545:, but was abandoned in 2007 because
1466:Health News, Health & Wellbeing
196:
1883:The American Journal of Cardiology
1460:Laurance J, Rajan A (2008-08-01).
1405:. Outside magazine. Archived from
1229:: CS1 maint: overridden setting (
769:2022 World Athletics Championships
678:Concerns were raised prior to the
27:PPAR β/δ receptor agonist compound
25:
2589:Tooltip Selective PPARγ modulator
1697:. UCI. 2013-05-13. Archived from
922:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
377:
371:
365:
40:
1599:"WADA issues alert on GW501516"
1427:Park J, Kim JY (30 July 2021).
689:International Olympic Committee
467:Key:YDBLKRPLXZNVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2752:Drugs not assigned an ATC code
702:GW501516 has been promoted on
386:
380:
359:
1:
2730:Receptor/signaling modulators
1895:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.08.009
1331:. p. 105. Archived from
1300:. p. 105. Archived from
1576:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824301b6
1510:. New Scientist. 2013-03-26.
1089:Flynn J (11 February 2004).
1036:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
934:10.1517/14656566.2014.876992
839:very-low-density lipoprotein
728:Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica
2473:Muraglitazar (muroglitazar)
1403:"Faster. Higher. Squeakier"
1258:10.1517/13543784.17.10.1465
997:10.1301/nr.2003.nov.387-390
596:structure-based drug design
2813:
2762:Drugs developed by GSK plc
2325:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J
1616:Stokes S (15 April 2013).
1446:10.47544/johsk.2021.2.2.22
1367:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.006
1093:. The Wall Street Journal.
684:performance-enhancing drug
674:Performance-enhancing drug
349:Chemical and physical data
2777:Trifluoromethyl compounds
2721:
2269:Tetradecylthioacetic acid
2143:Tetradecylthioacetic acid
1635:Stokes S (30 July 2013).
1491:February 3, 2009, at the
1486:WADA 2009 Prohibited List
610:R & D Focus Drug News
590:reported that they used "
475:
450:
430:
151:
39:
1733:, espn.com, 11 July 2014
978:Wolf G (November 2003).
835:high-density lipoprotein
791:GW501516 is a selective
777:Athletics Integrity Unit
693:World Anti-Doping Agency
612:reported that GSK began
562:World Anti-Doping Agency
1195:Molecular Endocrinology
803:= 1 nM) and potency (EC
661:The Wall Street Journal
592:combinatorial chemistry
543:cardiovascular diseases
2508:Perfluorononanoic acid
2118:Perfluorooctanoic acid
2113:Perfluorononanoic acid
1659:July 15, 2014, at the
1401:Bezar M (2011-11-01).
1057:10.1073/pnas.091021198
637:cardiovascular disease
578:Ligand Pharmaceuticals
531:Ligand Pharmaceuticals
2103:Palmitoylethanolamide
1329:Society of Toxicology
1298:Society of Toxicology
680:2008 Beijing Olympics
2320:5-Oxo-15-hydroxy-ETE
1990:Aluminium clofibrate
1208:10.1210/me.2003-0151
902:Koh B (2013-03-22).
1830:The Washington Post
1563:J Strength Cond Res
1361:(5): 1186–1193.e4.
1048:2001PNAS...98.5306O
906:. The Conversation.
795:(activator) of the
36:
1729:Associated Press:
837:(HDL) and lowered
657:The New York Times
2797:Exercise mimetics
2739:
2738:
2098:Oleylethanolamide
1780:. 2 December 2020
1676:. BBC. 2013-04-11
1654:List of sanctions
1468:. The Independent
811:selectivity over
493:
492:
421:Interactive image
318:CompTox Dashboard
139: Unscheduled
138:
130: Unscheduled
129:
120:
16:(Redirected from
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2792:Carboxylic acids
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2348:Arachidonic acid
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2204:Arachidonic acid
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1995:Arachidonic acid
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1605:on June 2, 2013.
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831:type II diabetes
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749:Elena Lashmanova
527:receptor agonist
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2772:Abandoned drugs
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2518:Prostaglandin J
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1889:(11 A): n20-4.
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1661:Wayback Machine
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1252:(10): 1465–71.
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1201:(12): 2477–93.
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647:Ronald M. Evans
604:benzodiazepines
602:who discovered
570:
535:GlaxoSmithKline
498:(also known as
484:
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479:(what is this?)
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2733:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2031:) (in rodents)
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1870:
1843:
1832:. 11 July 2022
1817:
1806:. 13 July 2022
1791:
1765:
1746:(2019-04-19).
1735:
1722:
1711:
1686:
1665:
1646:
1641:velonation.com
1627:
1622:velonation.com
1608:
1590:
1549:
1524:Drug Test Anal
1513:
1496:
1478:
1452:
1419:
1390:
1341:
1338:on 2015-05-04.
1310:
1307:on 2015-05-04.
1279:
1236:
1181:
1132:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1081:
1042:(9): 5306–11.
1019:
990:(11): 387–90.
970:
959:
928:(4): 493–503.
909:
890:
888:
885:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
846:
843:
804:
800:
788:
787:Mode of action
785:
757:Anthony Joshua
753:Jarrell Miller
675:
672:
641:animal testing
618:hyperlipidemia
614:phase I trials
606:in the 1960s.
569:
566:
547:animal testing
491:
490:
473:
472:
470:
469:
466:
464:
461:
453:
452:
451:
448:
447:
445:
444:
441:
433:
432:
431:
428:
427:
425:
424:
416:
414:
406:
405:
399:
393:
392:
389:
383:
374:
368:
362:
357:
351:
350:
346:
345:
343:
342:
329:
327:
314:
313:
311:
310:
302:
300:
294:
293:
291:
290:
282:
280:
274:
273:
271:
270:
262:
260:
254:
253:
251:
250:
242:
240:
234:
233:
231:
230:
222:
220:
214:
213:
211:
210:
202:
200:
189:
188:
186:
185:
177:
175:
169:
168:
166:
165:
162:
154:
153:
152:
149:
148:
144:
143:
141:
140:
131:
122:
112:
110:
104:
103:
99:
98:
96:
95:
91:
89:
83:
82:
77:
75:administration
69:
68:
66:
65:
61:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2809:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:PPAR agonists
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Rivoglitazone
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Netoglitazone
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:Non-selective
2656:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Sodelglitazar
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:Rosiglitazone
2539:
2537:
2536:Rivoglitazone
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Netoglitazone
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Lobeglitazone
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:Balaglitazone
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Sodelglitazar
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Sodelglitazar
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Lobeglitazone
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2070:Leukotriene B
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1859:(4): 360–70.
1858:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1701:on 2013-06-28
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1569:(3): 608–10.
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1409:on 2012-08-27
1408:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
971:
963:
960:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
916:
914:
910:
905:
898:
896:
892:
886:
882:
879:
877:
876:Sodelglitazar
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
820:
818:
814:
798:
794:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:Valery Kaykov
729:
724:
722:
721:
720:New Scientist
715:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
681:
673:
671:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
605:
601:
600:Leo Sternbach
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
567:
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:
521:
517:
514:, and on the
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
487:
480:
474:
465:
460:
456:
449:
440:
436:
429:
422:
418:
417:
415:
412:
407:
400:
398:
394:
358:
356:
352:
347:
339:
335:
334:DTXSID3041037
331:
330:
328:
319:
315:
308:
304:
303:
301:
299:
295:
288:
284:
283:
281:
279:
275:
268:
264:
263:
261:
259:
255:
248:
244:
243:
241:
239:
235:
228:
224:
223:
221:
219:
215:
208:
204:
203:
201:
194:
190:
183:
179:
178:
176:
174:
170:
161:
157:
150:
145:
132:
123:
114:
113:
111:
109:
105:
100:
93:
92:
90:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
70:
63:
62:
60:
58:
52:
49:Clinical data
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
2728:
2673:Clinofibrate
2668:Ciprofibrate
2664:
2645:
2621:Antagonists:
2620:
2582:
2576:Troglitazone
2571:Tesaglitazar
2556:Sipoglitazar
2551:Saroglitazar
2526:Ragaglitazar
2513:Pioglitazone
2503:Pemaglitazar
2498:Peliglitazar
2483:Naveglitazar
2448:Lanifibranor
2443:Indeglitazar
2398:Edaglitazone
2393:Darglitazone
2373:Cevoglitazar
2311:
2276:Antagonists:
2275:
2249:Lanifibranor
2190:
2160:Antagonists:
2159:
2148:Troglitazone
2138:Tesaglitazar
2128:Saroglitazar
2123:Pioglitazone
2093:Muraglitazar
2065:Lanifibranor
1971:
1886:
1882:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:the Guardian
1803:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1777:
1768:
1757:. Retrieved
1751:
1738:
1725:
1714:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:the original
1689:
1678:. Retrieved
1668:
1649:
1640:
1630:
1621:
1611:
1603:the original
1593:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1530:(5): 331–6.
1527:
1523:
1516:
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1465:
1455:
1439:(2): 22–27.
1436:
1432:
1422:
1411:. Retrieved
1407:the original
1358:
1354:
1344:
1333:the original
1320:
1313:
1302:the original
1289:
1282:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1225:cite journal
1198:
1194:
1184:
1152:(3): 590–7.
1149:
1145:
1135:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1084:
1039:
1035:
987:
983:
973:
962:
953:
925:
921:
821:
790:
773:Issam Asinga
771:. Surinam’s
745:Miguel Ubeto
725:
718:
716:
708:black market
704:bodybuilding
701:
677:
665:
660:
656:
650:
645:
633:dyslipidemia
622:
609:
608:
587:
581:
571:
558:doping agent
554:black market
551:
519:
516:black market
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:
483:
477:
108:Legal status
102:Legal status
29:
2767:Carcinogens
2703:Ronifibrate
2693:Farglitazar
2683:Englitazone
2566:Telmisartan
2493:Oxeglitazar
2438:Imiglitazar
2418:Farglitazar
2408:Englitazone
2403:Efatutazone
2383:Ciglitazone
2378:Chiglitazar
2368:Cannabidiol
2363:Bezafibrate
2343:Aleglitazar
2219:Elafibranor
2209:Bezafibrate
2108:Pemafibrate
2055:Gemfibrozil
2045:Fenofibrate
2035:Elafibranor
2005:Chiglitazar
2000:Bezafibrate
1985:Aleglitazar
824:coactivator
712:gene doping
588:et al.
404: g·mol
307:ChEMBL38943
287:CHEBI:73726
182:317318-70-0
147:Identifiers
2782:Thioethers
2746:Categories
2713:Simfibrate
2688:Etofibrate
2678:Clofibride
2531:Reglitazar
2259:Seladelpar
2224:Fonadelpar
2029:prasterone
2010:Clofibrate
1951:modulators
1759:2019-04-21
1744:Dan Rafael
1705:2013-05-15
1680:2013-04-11
1472:2008-08-01
1413:2013-04-02
887:References
809:1,000-fold
765:Nijel Amos
500:GW-501,516
409:3D model (
397:Molar mass
267:7I2HA1NU22
238:ChemSpider
218:IUPHAR/BPS
173:CAS Number
156:IUPAC name
2787:Thiazoles
2665:Agonists:
2639:T-0070907
2463:LG-101506
2458:LG-100754
2453:LG-100268
2433:Ibuprofen
2423:Genistein
2358:Berberine
2315:5-Oxo-ETE
2312:Agonists:
2254:LG-101506
2244:L-165,041
2239:GW-501516
2229:Genistein
2191:Agonists:
2083:LG-100754
2078:LG-101506
2050:Genistein
2015:CP-775146
1972:Agonists:
984:Nutr. Rev
851:Acadesine
586:. Oliver
539:metabolic
520:Endurobol
512:Cardarine
73:Routes of
55:Pregnancy
2725:See also
2646:Unknown:
2413:Etalocib
2388:Daidzein
2338:15-HpETE
2289:GSK-3787
2284:GSK-0660
2214:Daidzein
2199:15-HpETE
2153:WY-14643
2040:Etomoxir
2020:Daidzein
1980:15-HpETE
1903:18047848
1865:16625823
1778:ESPN.com
1753:ESPN.com
1663:, uci.ch
1657:Archived
1585:22130396
1544:21538997
1489:Archived
1385:28467934
1274:86564263
1266:18808307
1217:14525954
1176:16511591
1076:11309497
1014:12362203
1006:14677574
950:21158696
942:24428677
845:See also
841:(VLDL).
781:Gatorade
668:GW590735
629:diabetes
496:GW501516
486:(verify)
87:ATC code
80:By mouth
57:category
34:GW501516
2649:SR-1664
2629:GW-9662
2609:MK-0533
2604:INT-131
2599:EPI-001
2585:SPPARMs
2428:GW-1929
2333:15-HETE
2234:GW-0742
2194:15-HETE
2163:GW-6471
2060:GW-7647
1975:15-HETE
1836:12 July
1810:13 July
1784:13 July
1376:5492977
1167:1386117
1044:Bibcode
793:agonist
741:RusVelo
625:obesity
568:History
522:) is a
508:GSK-516
355:Formula
247:7979723
207:9803963
193:PubChem
2634:SR-202
2624:FH-535
2614:S26948
2546:RS5444
2478:nTZDpa
2279:FH-535
2168:MK-886
1901:
1863:
1583:
1542:
1383:
1373:
1272:
1264:
1215:
1174:
1164:
1074:
1064:
1012:
1004:
955:testes
948:
940:
881:SR9009
866:Irisin
861:GW0742
856:GFT505
827:PGC-1α
761:
691:. The
560:. The
504:GW1516
435:SMILES
402:453.49
298:ChEMBL
18:GW1516
2594:BADGE
2300:PPARγ
2179:PPARδ
1960:PPARα
1336:(PDF)
1325:(PDF)
1305:(PDF)
1294:(PDF)
1270:S2CID
1067:33205
1010:S2CID
946:S2CID
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