400:
42:
646:
476:
1686:
518:
InChI=1S/C14H23N3O10.2C7H17NO5.Gd/c18-10(19)5-15(1-3-16(6-11(20)21)7-12(22)23)2-4-17(8-13(24)25)9-14(26)27;2*1-8-2-4(10)6(12)7(13)5(11)3-9;/h1-9H2,(H,18,19)(H,20,21)(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H,26,27);2*4-13H,2-3H2,1H3;/q;;;+3/p-3/t;2*4-,5+,6+,7+;/m.00./s1
853:
665:
771:
692:
In the complex of Gd and DTPA the gadolinium ion is 9-coordinate, surrounded by the 3 nitrogen atoms and 5 oxygen atoms from the carboxylate groups. The ninth coordination site is occupied by a water molecule.
908:
Thomsen HS, Morcos SK, Dawson P (November 2006). "Is there a causal relation between the administration of gadolinium based contrast media and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)?".
1062:
113:
534:
738:
and exchanges rapidly with water molecules in the immediate vicinity of the gadolinium complex. The gadolinium ion has 7 unpaired electrons with parallel spins and is strongly
746:
of the water molecules is affected by their intermittent binding to the paramagnetic centre. This alters their MRI properties and enables contrast enhancement to be achieved.
827:
943:
Bashir A, Gray ML, Boutin RD, Burstein D (November 1997). "Glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage: in vivo assessment with delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging".
81:
490:
1027:
Caravan P, Ellison JJ, McMurry TJ, Lauffer RB (September 1999). "Gadolinium(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents: Structure, Dynamics, and
Applications".
612:. It is used to assist imaging of blood vessels and of inflamed or diseased tissue where the blood vessels become "leaky". It is often used when viewing
1131:
1088:
1640:
1711:
1456:
754:
Gadolinium is highly toxic and the accumulation of gadolinium in the brain has become a concern. The EU banned linear chelates in 2017.
996:
979:
510:
802:
143:
1063:"Gadolinium-containing contrast agents: removal of Omniscan and iv Magnevist, restrictions to the use of other linear agents"
654:
1676:
1706:
1589:
1124:
669:
632:
299:
1657:
379:
68:
627:. It is usually injected intravenously. Gd-DTPA is classed as an acyclic, ionic gadolinium contrast medium. Its
1716:
624:
1645:
1522:
1117:
601:
99:
368:
1362:
196:
395:
1626:
1601:
681:
214:
1537:
1438:
1009:
563:
1550:
1545:
1044:
1001:
960:
925:
890:
851:, "Method of enhancing NMR imaging using chelated paramagnetic ions bound to biomolecules"
725:
677:
660:
Compared to other gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents, Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA2-)
348:
169:
157:
54:
1201:
1036:
991:
952:
917:
880:
715:
707:
635:
416:
188:
668:. The unique charge characteristic of this complex allows researchers to inversely measure
308:
288:
223:
91:
1690:
1506:
1357:
1352:
1337:
1327:
1211:
1181:
1140:
743:
17:
399:
1651:
1511:
1496:
1461:
1424:
1347:
1317:
1196:
1186:
720:
695:
605:
600:
the salt goes under the name "gadopentetate dimeglumine". It was described in 1981 by
1700:
1606:
1342:
1322:
1256:
1238:
1216:
1206:
1173:
1153:
776:
1013:
956:
248:
1621:
1615:
1559:
1527:
1491:
1476:
1447:
1403:
1144:
739:
673:
628:
620:
613:
126:
121:
980:"Nondestructive imaging of human cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration by MRI"
498:.C(=O)CN(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC()=O)CCN(CC()=O)CC(=O)O.O((O)CNC)(O)(O)CO.O(CNC)(O)(O)(O)CO
33:
1597:
1501:
1471:
1408:
1388:
1246:
609:
594:
106:
921:
645:
1575:
1555:
1481:
1466:
1392:
1332:
1296:
885:
868:
848:
559:
452:
279:
1610:
1286:
1266:
1261:
1221:
597:
85:
41:
1048:
1005:
929:
729:
964:
894:
1384:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1191:
661:
259:
997:
10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199905)41:5<857::aid-mrm1>3.0.co;2-e
268:
1398:
1301:
1251:
1226:
1109:
711:
234:
1040:
869:"Adverse reactions to gadolinium contrast media: a review of 36 cases"
828:"List of nationally authorised medicinal products: Gadopentetic acid"
735:
666:
delayed
Gadolinium-enhanced Magnetic Resonance of Cartilage (dGEMRIC)
616:
569:
It is usually administered as a salt of a complex of gadolinium with
359:
204:
Distribution half-life 12 minutes, elimination half-life 100 minutes
328:
644:
475:
466:
339:
570:
319:
175:
1113:
163:
1089:"EU pulls gadolinium contrast agents over deposition concerns"
639:
653:
Gadolinium based agents may cause a toxic reaction known as
384:
638:(and to some extent the T2 and T2* relaxation times) in
152:
541:
1674:
797:
795:
978:
Bashir A, Gray ML, Hartke J, Burstein D (May 1999).
694:
Sherry AD, Caravan P, Lenkinski RE (December 2009).
1588:
1568:
1536:
1446:
1437:
1417:
1375:
1310:
1235:
1170:
1161:
1152:
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378:
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208:
195:
187:
142:
137:
112:
98:
80:
63:
53:
48:
867:Murphy KJ, Brunberg JA, Cohan RH (October 1996).
803:"Magnevist- gadopentetate dimeglumine injection"
247:
657:(NSF) in patients with severe kidney problems.
642:, which is the source of its clinical utility.
604:and colleagues and introduced as the first MRI
222:
593:; when cation A is the protonated form of the
1125:
8:
672:as they are related to the concentration of
32:
1443:
1167:
1158:
1132:
1118:
1110:
398:
287:
40:
995:
884:
719:
307:
772:"Product monograph brand safety updates"
1681:
763:
742:with an S electronic ground state. The
515:
495:
394:
267:
873:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
31:
700:Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
688:Chemical structure and mode of action
649:A bottle of Magnevist contrast agent.
367:
347:
90:
72:
7:
125:
589:cetate) with the chemical formula A
327:
238:
433:
25:
1684:
696:"Primer on gadolinium chemistry"
436:
427:
957:10.1148/radiology.205.2.9356644
523:Key:LGMLJQFQKXPRGA-VPVMAENOSA-K
984:Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
442:
421:
1:
670:spin-lattice relaxation times
655:nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
27:Complex of gadolinium by DTPA
554:, sold under the brand name
67:gadopentetate dimeglumine (
1733:
1712:Organogadolinium compounds
922:10.1016/j.crad.2006.09.003
835:Europeans Medicines Agency
411:Chemical and physical data
1635:
1093:www.radiologybusiness.com
886:10.2214/ajr.167.4.8819369
531:
506:
486:
92:Consumer Drug Information
39:
18:Gadopentetate dimeglumine
623:or abnormalities in the
1523:Ferric ammonium citrate
734:This water molecule is
676:aggregates and charged
650:
602:Hanns-Joachim Weinmann
648:
631:property reduces the
1707:MRI contrast agents
1627:Sulfur hexafluoride
682:articular cartilage
625:blood–brain barrier
36:
1662:Never to phase III
1069:. 14 December 2017
910:Clinical Radiology
837:. 14 January 2021.
712:10.1002/jmri.21966
651:
564:MRI contrast agent
1672:
1671:
1584:
1583:
1538:Superparamagnetic
1487:Gadopentetic acid
1433:
1432:
1371:
1370:
1041:10.1021/cr980440x
678:glycosaminoglycan
552:Gadopentetic acid
549:
548:
477:Interactive image
380:CompTox Dashboard
179:
167:
155:
75:
34:Gadopentetic acid
16:(Redirected from
1724:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1620:Microspheres of
1457:Gadolinium-based
1444:
1363:Calcium iopodate
1202:Ioxitalamic acid
1168:
1159:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1035:(9): 2293–2352.
1029:Chemical Reviews
1024:
1018:
1017:
999:
975:
969:
968:
940:
934:
933:
905:
899:
898:
888:
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852:
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839:
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832:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
799:
790:
789:
787:
785:
768:
733:
723:
706:(6): 1240–1248.
545:
544:
537:
479:
459:
444:
438:
435:
429:
423:
403:
402:
388:
386:
371:
351:
331:
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291:
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177:
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154:
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129:
94:
74:
71:
44:
37:
35:
21:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1717:Withdrawn drugs
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1652:Clinical trials
1631:
1580:
1564:
1532:
1507:Gadoversetamide
1429:
1413:
1378:Water insoluble
1377:
1367:
1358:Tyropanoic acid
1353:Sodium iopodate
1338:Iobenzamic acid
1328:Ioglycamic acid
1306:
1237:
1231:
1212:Acetrizoic acid
1182:Diatrizoic acid
1172:
1163:
1148:
1138:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1026:
1025:
1021:
977:
976:
972:
942:
941:
937:
916:(11): 905–906.
907:
906:
902:
866:
865:
861:
854:
847:
846:
842:
830:
826:
825:
821:
811:
809:
801:
800:
793:
783:
781:
770:
769:
765:
760:
752:
744:relaxation time
693:
690:
680:side chains in
636:relaxation time
608:in 1987 by the
592:
540:
538:
535:(what is this?)
532:
527:
524:
519:
514:
513:
502:
499:
494:
493:
482:
457:
447:
441:
432:
426:
406:
382:
374:
354:
334:
314:
294:
274:
254:
237:
229:
198:
189:Pharmacokinetic
183:
133:
101:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1613:
1607:Microparticles
1604:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1515:
1514:
1512:Gadoxetic acid
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Gadoteric acid
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1462:Gadobenic acid
1452:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1425:Barium sulfate
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1385:Ethiodized oil
1381:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Iocetamic acid
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1318:Iodoxamic acid
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Iotalamic acid
1194:
1189:
1187:Metrizoic acid
1184:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1141:Contrast media
1139:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1080:
1054:
1019:
990:(5): 857–865.
970:
951:(2): 551–558.
935:
900:
879:(4): 847–849.
859:
840:
819:
791:
762:
761:
759:
756:
751:
748:
689:
686:
619:with abnormal
606:contrast agent
590:
547:
546:
529:
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525:
522:
520:
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396:DTXSID70235367
391:
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372:
364:
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356:
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336:
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118:
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102:administration
96:
95:
88:
78:
77:
65:
61:
60:
57:
51:
50:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1729:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1692:
1682:
1678:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:phospholipids
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:human albumin
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1560:nanoparticles
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:Non-iodinated
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1374:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:Iopanoic acid
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Iotroxic acid
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Ioxaglic acid
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:Nephrotropic,
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Iocarmic acid
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Ioglicic acid
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:Nephrotropic,
1169:
1166:
1164:Water soluble
1160:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
971:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
904:
901:
896:
892:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
863:
860:
850:
844:
841:
836:
829:
823:
820:
808:
804:
798:
796:
792:
780:. 7 July 2016
779:
778:
777:Health Canada
773:
767:
764:
757:
755:
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731:
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588:
584:
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530:
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516:
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463:
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454:
450:
420:
418:
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409:
401:
397:
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392:
390:
381:
377:
370:
369:ChEMBL1200431
366:
365:
363:
361:
357:
350:
346:
345:
343:
341:
337:
330:
326:
325:
323:
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306:
305:
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236:
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207:
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201:
194:
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186:
180: Rx-only
173:
171:
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150:
149:
147:
145:
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136:
128:
123:
120:
119:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
97:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
70:
66:
62:
58:
56:
52:
49:Clinical data
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
1616:Perflenapent
1598:Microspheres
1528:Mangafodipir
1518:
1492:Gadopiclenol
1486:
1477:Gadofosveset
1455:
1448:Paramagnetic
1404:Propyliodone
1389:Ethyl esters
1311:Hepatotropic
1174:high osmolar
1154:X-ray and CT
1096:. Retrieved
1092:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1066:
1057:
1032:
1028:
1022:
987:
983:
973:
948:
944:
938:
913:
909:
903:
876:
872:
862:
843:
834:
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:
782:. Retrieved
775:
766:
753:
740:paramagnetic
703:
699:
691:
674:proteoglycan
659:
652:
629:paramagnetic
614:intracranial
586:
582:
578:
574:
568:
555:
551:
550:
539:
533:
197:Elimination
144:Legal status
138:Legal status
29:
1648:from market
1502:Gadoteridol
1472:Gadodiamide
1409:Iofendylate
1395:, lipiodol)
1393:fatty acids
1391:of iodised
1247:Metrizamide
1239:low osmolar
621:vascularity
610:Schering AG
595:amino sugar
460: g·mol
349:CHEBI:31797
209:Identifiers
107:Intravenous
64:Other names
55:Trade names
1701:Categories
1590:Ultrasound
1576:Perflubron
1556:Iron oxide
1551:Ferristene
1546:Ferumoxsil
1482:Gadolinium
1467:Gadobutrol
1376:Iodinated,
1333:Adipiodone
1297:Iobitridol
1162:Iodinated,
849:US 5021236
758:References
560:gadolinium
465:3D model (
453:Molar mass
309:RH248G8V27
280:ChemSpider
224:86050-77-3
215:CAS Number
1658:Phase III
1646:Withdrawn
1611:galactose
1287:Iodixanol
1267:Iopromide
1262:Iopamidol
1222:Methiodal
1098:18 August
1073:29 August
945:Radiology
812:29 August
598:meglumine
577:iethylene
556:Magnevist
199:half-life
100:Routes of
86:Drugs.com
59:Magnevist
1691:Medicine
1292:Iomeprol
1282:Iopentol
1277:Ioversol
1272:Iotrolan
1192:Iodamide
1049:11749483
1014:22939233
1006:10332865
930:17018301
807:DailyMed
750:Concerns
730:19938036
662:chelates
542:(verify)
260:DrugBank
114:ATC code
1399:Iopydol
1302:Ioxilan
1252:Iohexol
1227:Diodone
965:9356644
895:8819369
784:13 July
721:2853020
617:lesions
581:riamine
562:-based
558:, is a
417:Formula
269:DB00789
249:6857474
235:PubChem
156::
130:)
124: (
122:V08CA01
1677:Portal
1641:WHO-EM
1067:GOV.UK
1047:
1012:
1004:
963:
928:
893:
855:
736:labile
728:
718:
664:allow
491:SMILES
458:545.56
360:ChEMBL
329:D01707
170:℞-only
168:
158:℞-only
1569:Other
1519:Other
1010:S2CID
831:(PDF)
511:InChI
467:JSmol
340:ChEBI
289:50087
1100:2020
1075:2021
1045:PMID
1002:PMID
961:PMID
926:PMID
891:PMID
814:2021
786:2024
726:PMID
571:DTPA
320:KEGG
300:UNII
191:data
82:AHFS
69:USAN
1609:of
1600:of
1439:MRI
1387:(=
1145:V08
1037:doi
992:doi
953:doi
949:205
918:doi
881:doi
877:167
716:PMC
708:doi
640:NMR
585:ent
385:EPA
239:CID
127:WHO
1703::
1654::
1558:,
1521::
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633:T1
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446:10
434:Gd
431:18
425:14
176:EU
164:US
153:CA
73:US
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587:a
583:p
579:t
575:d
573:(
469:)
443:O
440:3
437:N
428:H
422:C
387:)
383:(
178::
166::
84:/
76:)
20:)
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