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Gal4 transcription factor

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A subunit of the 26 S proteasome Sug2 regulatory protein has a molecular and functional interaction with Gal4 function. Proteolytic turnover of the Gal4 transcription factor is not required for function in vivo. The native Gal4 monoubiquitination protects from 19S-mediated destabilizing under
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is a positive regulator of gene expression of galactose-induced genes. This protein represents a large fungal family of transcription factors, Gal4 family, which includes over 50 members in the yeast
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Hashimoto H, Kikuchi Y, Nogi Y, Fukasawa T (1983). "Regulation of expression of the galactose gene cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization of the regulatory gene GAL4".
1505:"Function of positive regulatory gene gal4 in the synthesis of galactose pathway enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence that the GAL81 region codes for part of the gal4 protein" 433:
In the Gal4 reverted mutant Gal4C-62 mutant, a sequence (QTAY N AFMN) with the 9aaTAD pattern emerged and restored activation function of the Gal4 protein.
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The inhibitory protein Gal80 is sequestered by regulatory protein Gal3 in Galactose dependent manner. This allows for Gal4 to work when there is galactose.
1832:"GAL11 (SPT13), a transcriptional regulator of diverse yeast genes, affects the phosphorylation state of GAL4, a highly specific transcriptional activator" 995:
Klar AJ, Halvorson HO (1974). "Studies on the positive regulatory gene, GAL4, in regulation of galactose catabolic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae".
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Klar AJ, Halvorson HO (1974). "Studies on the positive regulatory gene, GAL4, in regulation of galactose catabolic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae".
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Keegan L, Gill G, Ptashne M (February 1986). "Separation of DNA binding from the transcription-activating function of a eukaryotic regulatory protein".
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The Gal4 loss-of-function mutant gal4-64 (1-852 aa, deletion of the Gal4 C-terminal 29 aa) lost both interaction with Gal80 and activation function.
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Two executive domains, DNA binding and activation domains, provide key function of the Gal4 protein conforming to most of the transcription factors.
494:, the Gal4 protein and Gal4 upstream activating region (UAS) are used to study the gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly. 2189:"Use of a genetically introduced cross-linker to identify interaction sites of acidic activators within native transcription factor IID and SAGA" 1552:
Johnston SA, Salmeron JM, Dincher SS (July 1987). "Interaction of positive and negative regulatory proteins in the galactose regulon of yeast".
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Johnston SA, Salmeron JM, Dincher SS (July 1987). "Interaction of positive and negative regulatory proteins in the galactose regulon of yeast".
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The Gal4 and inhibitory protein Gal80 have found application in a genetics technique for creating individually labeled homozygous cells called
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Nalley K, Johnston SA, Kodadek T (August 2006). "Proteolytic turnover of the Gal4 transcription factor is not required for function in vivo".
2584: 127: 345:, a technique for controlling expression in insects. In yeast, Gal4 is by default repressed by Gal80, and activated in the presence of 1640:"A sequence-specific transcription activator motif and powerful synthetic variants that bind Mediator using a fuzzy protein interface" 99: 2604: 1358:"Dilution kinetic studies of yeast populations: in vivo aggregation of galactose utilizing enzymes and positive regulator molecules" 204: 146: 49: 1983:"GAL11 protein, an auxiliary transcription activator for genes encoding galactose-metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" 1156:"The interaction between an acidic transcriptional activator and its inhibitor. The molecular basis of Gal4p recognition by Gal80p" 234: 106: 1250:"Rapid GAL gene switch of Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on nuclear Gal3, not nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Gal3 and Gal80" 255: 2629: 179: 84: 77: 41: 725:
Marmorstein R, Carey M, Ptashne M, Harrison SC (April 1992). "DNA recognition by GAL4: structure of a protein-DNA complex".
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Nogi Y, Fukasawa T (October 1980). "A novel mutation that affects utilization of galactose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae".
2031: 326: 2032:"Analysis of Gal4-directed transcription activation using Tra1 mutants selectively defective for interaction with Gal4" 854:
Giniger E, Varnum SM, Ptashne M (April 1985). "Specific DNA binding of GAL4, a positive regulatory protein of yeast".
95: 2230:"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srb8-Srb11 complex functions with the SAGA complex during Gal4-activated transcription" 1040:"Regulated expression of the GAL4 activator gene in yeast provides a sensitive genetic switch for glucose repression" 2599: 2634: 2614: 466:
The Gal4 protein interacts also with other mediators of transcription as are Tra1, TAF9, and SAGA/MED15 complex.
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As a part of the Gal4 regulation, inhibitory protein Gal80 recognises and binds to the Gal4 region (853-874 aa).
1699:"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT13/GAL11 gene has both positive and negative regulatory roles in transcription" 314: 2476:"The role of the proteasomal ATPases and activator monoubiquitylation in regulating Gal4 binding to promoters" 2384:"Evidence that proteolysis of Gal4 cannot explain the transcriptional effects of proteasome ATPase mutations" 341:), three enzymes required for galactose metabolism. This binding has also proven useful in constructing the 334: 73: 1924:"Yeast GAL11 protein is a distinctive type transcription factor that enhances basal transcription in vitro" 1595:
Ma J, Ptashne M (March 1987). "Deletion analysis of GAL4 defines two transcriptional activating segments".
2609: 390: 2644: 120: 1748:"Peptides selected to bind the Gal80 repressor are potent transcriptional activation domains in yeast" 1456:"Enzymatic Expression and Genetic Linkage of Genes Controlling Galactose Utilization in Saccharomyces" 776:
Pan T, Coleman JE (March 1990). "The DNA binding domain of GAL4 forms a binuclear metal ion complex".
574:"Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of the C6 zinc cluster family of transcriptional regulators" 2432: 2295: 2043: 1935: 1651: 1310: 1110: 1051: 899:"The DNA binding and activation domains of Gal4p are sufficient for conveying its regulatory signals" 820: 734: 484: 2624: 2619: 2594: 2589: 2456: 1904: 1812: 1620: 1577: 1230: 1020: 879: 758: 655: 554: 2639: 2563: 2505: 2448: 2405: 2364: 2323: 2259: 2210: 2169: 2120: 2071: 2012: 1963: 1896: 1861: 1804: 1769: 1728: 1679: 1612: 1569: 1534: 1485: 1436: 1387: 1338: 1279: 1222: 1187: 1136: 1079: 1012: 977: 928: 871: 836: 793: 750: 707: 647: 603: 546: 2343:"The Gal4 activation domain binds Sug2 protein, a proteasome component, in vivo and in vitro" 2553: 2545: 2495: 2487: 2440: 2395: 2354: 2313: 2303: 2249: 2241: 2200: 2159: 2151: 2110: 2102: 2061: 2051: 2002: 1994: 1953: 1943: 1888: 1851: 1843: 1796: 1759: 1718: 1710: 1669: 1659: 1604: 1561: 1524: 1516: 1475: 1467: 1426: 1418: 1377: 1369: 1328: 1318: 1269: 1261: 1214: 1177: 1167: 1126: 1118: 1069: 1059: 1004: 967: 959: 918: 910: 863: 828: 785: 742: 697: 689: 637: 593: 585: 538: 487:
to screen or to assay protein-protein interactions in eukaryotic cells from yeast to human.
678:"Gene activation by dissociation of an inhibitor from a transcriptional activation domain" 491: 377:
fungal family. It forms a Zn – cysteines thiolate cluster, and specifically recognizes UAS
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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The activation domain Gal4 is inhibited by C-terminal domain in some Gal4 constructs.
2578: 2155: 1958: 1923: 1816: 1608: 1565: 1299:"Gene activation by interaction of an inhibitor with a cytoplasmic signaling protein" 1218: 1074: 1039: 867: 330: 1908: 1581: 1234: 1024: 883: 558: 2460: 2269: 2140:"Targets of the Gal4 transcription activator in functional transcription complexes" 1624: 762: 659: 2474:
Ferdous A, Sikder D, Gillette T, Nalley K, Kodadek T, Johnston SA (January 2007).
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Chang C, Gonzalez F, Rothermel B, Sun L, Johnston SA, Kodadek T (August 2001).
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Klein J, Nolden M, Sanders SL, Kirchner J, Weil PA, Melcher K (February 2003).
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2284:"Functional studies of the yeast med5, med15 and med16 mediator tail subunits" 510: 262: 2549: 1764: 1747: 589: 416:
induces Gal4 mediated transcription albeit Glucose causes severe repression.
2091:"Tra1 as a screening target for transcriptional activation domain discovery" 2056: 1948: 1664: 1122: 1064: 832: 413: 346: 2567: 2509: 2452: 2409: 2400: 2383: 2368: 2359: 2342: 2327: 2263: 2214: 2205: 2188: 2173: 2124: 2075: 1998: 1900: 1773: 1683: 1489: 1440: 1342: 1323: 1283: 1191: 1172: 1140: 711: 651: 164: 2016: 1967: 1865: 1847: 1808: 1732: 1714: 1616: 1573: 1538: 1391: 1226: 1083: 1016: 981: 963: 932: 914: 875: 840: 797: 754: 607: 550: 1097:
Kumar PR, Yu Y, Sternglanz R, Johnston SA, Joshua-Tor L (February 2008).
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Larsson M, Uvell H, SandstrΓΆm J, RydΓ©n P, Selth LA, BjΓΆrklund S (2013).
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about full narrative of how it works in yeast; other targets like GAL7.
329:, and activates them. In yeast cells, the principal targets are GAL1 ( 746: 250: 1638:
Warfield L, Tuttle LM, Pacheco D, Klevit RE, Hahn S (August 2014).
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Jiang F, Frey BR, Evans ML, Friel JC, Hopper JE (October 2009).
626:"GAL4 system in Drosophila: a fly geneticist's Swiss army knife" 398: 1407:"The genetic control of galactose utilization in Saccharomyces" 393:
family, 9aaTAD, together with Oaf1, Pip2, Pdr1, Pdr3, but also
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Localised to the C-terminus, belongs to the nine amino acids
948:"GAL4 interacts with TATA-binding protein and coactivators" 1503:
Matsumoto K, Adachi Y, Toh-e A, Oshima Y (February 1980).
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Lin L, Chamberlain L, Zhu LJ, Green MR (February 2012).
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Thoden JB, Ryan LA, Reece RJ, Holden HM (October 2008).
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Suzuki Y, Nogi Y, Abe A, Fukasawa T (October 1992).
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Gal4 N-terminus is a zinc finger and belongs to the
1922:Sakurai H, Hiraoka Y, Fukasawa T (September 1993). 292: 282: 277: 261: 249: 241: 229: 224: 219: 2534:"Yeast Gal4: a transcriptional paradigm revisited" 501:(Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker). 2270:http://mcb.asm.org/content/25/1/114/F8.large.jpg 1248:Egriboz O, Jiang F, Hopper JE (November 2011). 1099:"NADP regulates the yeast GAL induction system" 671: 669: 8: 2095:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2089:Majmudar CY, Labut AE, Mapp AK (July 2009). 459:The Gal4 activation function is mediated by 1830:Long RM, Mylin LM, Hopper JE (April 1991). 50:Learn how and when to remove these messages 572:Schjerling P, Holmberg S (December 1996). 274: 2557: 2532:Traven A, Jelicic B, Sopta M (May 2006). 2499: 2399: 2358: 2317: 2307: 2253: 2204: 2163: 2114: 2065: 2055: 2006: 1957: 1947: 1855: 1763: 1722: 1673: 1663: 1528: 1479: 1430: 1381: 1332: 1322: 1273: 1181: 1171: 1130: 1073: 1063: 971: 922: 701: 641: 597: 339:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 205:Learn how and when to remove this message 147:Learn how and when to remove this message 359: 1697:Fassler JS, Winston F (December 1989). 521: 2382:Russell SJ, Johnston SA (March 2001). 2228:Larschan E, Winston F (January 2005). 1405:Douglas HC, Condie F (December 1954). 1038:Griggs DW, Johnston M (October 1991). 483:The broad use of the Gal4 is in yeast 216: 83:Please improve this article by adding 1454:Douglas HC, Hawthorne DC (May 1964). 619: 617: 7: 2388:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2347:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2193:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1752:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1160:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 946:Melcher K, Johnston SA (May 1995). 318:e.g. Oaf1, Pip2, Pdr1, Pdr3, Leu3. 2138:Reeves WM, Hahn S (October 2005). 14: 1356:Tsuyumu S, Adams BG (July 1974). 897:Ding WV, Johnston SA (May 1997). 31:This article has multiple issues. 2156:10.1128/MCB.25.20.9092-9102.2005 1789:Molecular & General Genetics 997:Molecular & General Genetics 531:Molecular & General Genetics 163: 61: 20: 1297:Peng G, Hopper JE (June 2002). 39:or discuss these issues on the 2234:Molecular and Cellular Biology 2144:Molecular and Cellular Biology 1987:Molecular and Cellular Biology 1836:Molecular and Cellular Biology 1703:Molecular and Cellular Biology 952:Molecular and Cellular Biology 903:Molecular and Cellular Biology 682:Molecular and Cellular Biology 321:Gal4 recognizes genes with UAS 1: 2246:10.1128/MCB.25.1.114-123.2005 1746:Han Y, Kodadek T (May 2000). 1521:10.1128/JB.141.2.508-527.1980 85:secondary or tertiary sources 2309:10.1371/journal.pone.0073137 1609:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90081-X 1566:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90671-4 1423:10.1128/jb.68.6.662-670.1954 1219:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90671-4 868:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90336-8 327:upstream activating sequence 1266:10.1534/genetics.111.131839 364:Gal4 domains and regulation 96:"Gal4 transcription factor" 2661: 2585:Transcription coregulators 2107:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.045 349:as Gal3 binds away Gal80. 1472:10.1093/genetics/49.5.837 1374:10.1093/genetics/77.3.491 310:Gal4 transcription factor 273: 2605:Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2550:10.1038/sj.embor.7400679 1765:10.1074/jbc.275.20.14979 315:Saccharomyces cerevisiae 235:Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2480:Genes & Development 2057:10.1073/pnas.1116340109 1949:10.1073/pnas.90.18.8382 1665:10.1073/pnas.1412088111 1509:Journal of Bacteriology 1411:Journal of Bacteriology 1123:10.1126/science.1151903 1065:10.1073/pnas.88.19.8597 833:10.1126/science.3080805 335:UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 220:Regulatory protein GAL4 2630:Yeasts used in brewing 2401:10.1074/jbc.M010889200 2360:10.1074/jbc.M102254200 2206:10.1074/jbc.M212514200 1999:10.1128/MCB.12.10.4806 1324:10.1073/pnas.142100099 1173:10.1074/jbc.M805200200 590:10.1093/nar/24.23.4599 578:Nucleic Acids Research 391:transactivation domain 365: 174:is missing information 72:relies excessively on 1848:10.1128/MCB.11.4.2311 1715:10.1128/MCB.9.12.5602 964:10.1128/MCB.15.5.2839 915:10.1128/MCB.17.5.2538 475:inducing conditions. 363: 694:10.1128/MCB.00632-09 485:two-hybrid screening 385:Gal4 transactivation 2492:10.1101/gad.1493207 2445:10.1038/nature05067 2437:2006Natur.442.1054N 2300:2013PLoSO...873137L 2048:2012PNAS..109.1997L 1940:1993PNAS...90.8382S 1656:2014PNAS..111E3506W 1315:2002PNAS...99.8548P 1115:2008Sci...319.1090K 1056:1991PNAS...88.8597G 825:1986Sci...231..699K 790:10.1021/bi00464a019 739:1992Natur.356..408M 437:Inactive constructs 381:in GAL1 promoter. 1893:10.1007/BF00420623 1801:10.1007/BF00330886 1009:10.1007/BF00268616 643:10.1002/gene.10150 543:10.1007/BF00268616 366: 2600:Sugar substitutes 819:(4739): 699–704. 624:Duffy JB (2002). 306: 305: 302: 301: 215: 214: 207: 197: 196: 157: 156: 149: 131: 54: 2652: 2635:Leavening agents 2615:Digestive system 2571: 2561: 2514: 2513: 2503: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2431:(7106): 1054–7. 2420: 2414: 2413: 2403: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2362: 2353:(33): 30956–63. 2338: 2332: 2331: 2321: 2311: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2257: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2208: 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225:Identifiers 2625:Osmophiles 2620:Probiotics 2579:Categories 517:References 511:lac operon 470:Proteosome 409:Regulation 333:), GAL10 ( 283:Structures 278:Search for 188:April 2019 137:April 2019 107:newspapers 74:references 36:improve it 2595:Nutrition 2590:Galactose 1817:115216273 463:(Gal11). 414:Galactose 347:galactose 180:talk page 42:talk page 2640:Oenology 2568:16670683 2510:17167105 2453:16929306 2410:11152478 2369:11418596 2328:23991176 2288:PLOS ONE 2264:15601835 2215:12501245 2174:16199885 2125:19497740 2076:22308403 1909:12635991 1901:24189802 1774:10809742 1684:25122681 1582:46090047 1490:14158615 1460:Genetics 1441:13221541 1362:Genetics 1343:12084916 1284:21890741 1254:Genetics 1235:46090047 1192:18701455 1141:18292341 1025:26014344 884:31663066 712:19651897 652:12324939 559:26014344 505:See also 445:Function 375:Zn(2)-C6 297:InterPro 230:Organism 2559:1479557 2501:1759896 2461:1926315 2433:Bibcode 2319:3750046 2296:Bibcode 2165:1265783 2116:4322765 2067:3277556 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"Gal4 transcription factor"
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newspapers
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JSTOR
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Entrez
855828
UniProt
P04386
Swiss-model
InterPro
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
upstream activating sequence
galactokinase
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
GAL4/UAS system

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