Gallican Rite - Knowledge (XXG)

1811:. Duchesne points out that "the Gallican Liturgy in the features which distinguish it from the Roman, betrays all the characteristics of the Eastern Orthodox liturgies," and that "some of its formularies are to be found word for word in the Greek Orthodox texts which were in use in the Churches of the Syro-Byzantine Rite either in the fourth century or somewhat later," and infers from this that, "the Gallican Liturgy is an Oriental liturgy, introduced into the West towards the middle of the fourth century." Duchesne does not, however, note that in certain other important peculiarities the Gallican Liturgy agrees with the Roman where the latter differs from the Oriental. Controverting the third or Roman theory of origin, he stresses that 98: 1540: 2914:, in the 9th century, mentions that at Lyon there were no canticles except from the Psalms, no hymns written by poets, and no lessons except from Scripture. Mabillon says that though in his day Lyon agreed with Rome in many things, especially in the distribution of the Psalter, and admitted lessons from the Acts of the Saints, there were still no hymns except at Complin, and he mentions a similar rule as to hymns at Vienne. But the 767 Council of Tours canon 23 allowed the use of the Ambrosian hymns. Though the Psalter of the second recension of 1956:

and spread thence to the countries under direct Roman influence, or whether it originated elsewhere and was adopted by Rome, there is no means of knowing. The adoption must have happened when liturgies were in rather a fluid state. The Gallicans may have carried to an extreme the changes begun at Rome, and may have retained some archaic features which had been later dropped by Rome. During the 4th century – it has been conjectured that it was in the papacy of

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were in many respects gradual. Of the three theories of origin, the Ephesine may be dismissed as practically disproved. To both of the other two the same objection may be urged, that they are largely founded on conjecture and on the critical examination of documents of a much later date than the periods to which the conjectures relate. But at present there is little else to go upon. It may be well to mention also a theory put forward by W. C. Bishop in

73: 1691:, enough of an independent history to require separate treatment, so that though it will be necessary to allude to both by way of illustration, this article will be devoted primarily to the rite once used in what is now France. Of the origin of the Gallican Rite there are three principal theories, between two of which the controversy is not yet settled. These theories may be termed: the Ephesine, the Ambrosian, and the Roman. 5265: 1499: 3189:

a varied end, and the collect (but not the Bidding Prayer), and the anointing of the hands with its formula are in the modern Roman Pontifical, but with very large additions. The consecration of bishops began, after an election, with a presentation and recognition, neither of which is in the modern Pontifical. Then followed a long Bidding Prayer, also not adopted in the Roman Rite, and the Consecration Prayer

3551: 5291: 4503: 1667:, until the middle or end of the 8th century. There is no information before the 5th century and very little then; and throughout the whole period there was, to judge by existing documents and descriptions, so much diversity that, though the general outlines of the rite were of the same pattern, the name must not be taken to imply more than a very moderate amount of homogeneity. The Rite of 1559: 3193:, part of which is embodied in the Preface in the Leonine and Gregorian Sacramentaries, and in the present Pontifical. During this prayer two bishops held the Book of the Gospels over the candidate, and all the bishops laid their hands on his head. Then followed the anointing of the hands, but apparently not of the head as in the modern rite, with a formula which is not in the Roman books. 25: 5303: 1529: 1509: 3127:. That is to say, a mixed form which does not agree with the more or less contemporary Roman form in the Leonine and Gregorian Sacramentaries, though it contains some Roman prayers, is found in these two books, and it may reasonably be inferred that the differences are of Gallican origin. Moreover, extracts relating to ceremonial are given with them from the 5315: 2300:) and several pairs of Bidding Prayers and Collects, the former having the title "Exhortatio" or "Exhortatio Matutina". The Mai fragments begin with part of a Bidding Prayer and contain a fragment of a Contestatio, with that title, and fragments of other prayers, two of which have the title "Post Nomina", and two others which seem to be prayers 3576: 2399:. There are eighty-one numbered sections, of which the last is the first prayer of "Missa Romensif cottidiana", with which the manuscript breaks off. The details of Masses in this book are given in the section of the present article on the liturgical year. Masses are all Gallican as to order, but many of the actual prayers are Roman. 2801:." The meaning of manicationes and of the whole statement is obscure. In September there were fourteen psalms, two under each antiphon; in October twenty-four psalms, three to each antiphon; and from December to Easter thirty psalms, three to each antiphon. Caesarius orders six psalms at Prime with the hymn " 3188:

acclamation in Byzantine ordinations. The Bidding Prayer and collect which follow are both in the present Roman Pontifical, though separated by much additional matter. The ordination of priests was of the same type as that of deacons, with the addition of the anointing of the hands. The address, with

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made up Vespers, combining the twelfth hour of the Divine Office (that is, of the recitation of the Psalter with its accompaniments) with a service for what, without any intention of levity, one may call "lighting-up time". The Ambrosian and Mozarabic Vespers are constructed on this principle, and so

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are from a manuscript at Autun. There appears to be no reason to doubt that they are genuine. They contain mystical interpretations of the ceremonies of the Mass and of other services. Duchesne says of the descriptions, on which the interpretations are based, that "We may reconstruct from the letters

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between 784 and 791 sent to Charlemagne at his own request a copy of what was considered to be the Gregorian Sacramentary, but which certainly represented the Roman use of the end of the 8th century. This book, which was far from complete, was edited and supplemented by the addition of a large amount

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The above are all that exist as directly Gallican sources, but much information may also be gleaned from the books of the transition period, which, though substantially Roman, were much edited with Germanic tendencies and contained a large amount which was of a Gallican rather than a Roman type. The

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for July 1908, to the effect that the Gallican Liturgy was not introduced into Gaul from anywhere but was the original liturgy of that country, apparently invented and developed there. He speaks of an original independence of Rome (of course liturgically only) followed by later borrowings. This does

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There is curiously little information on this point, and it is not possible to reconstruct the Gallican Divine Office from the scanty allusions that exist. It seems probable that there was considerable diversity in various times and places, though councils, both in Gaul and Hispania, tried to bring

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The Latin liturgical rites have been described as undergoing three phases, which may be called for want of better names the Gallican, the Ambrosian, and the Roman stages. The holders of the theory no doubt recognize that the demarcation between these stages is rather vague, and that the alterations

1955:

These variations from the Eastern usages are of an early date, and it is inferred from them, and from other considerations more historical than liturgical, that a liturgy with these peculiarities was the common property of Gaul, Hispania, and Italy. Whether, as is most likely, it originated in Rome

1940:, for which, though of course the fact is found there, there is no verbal Scriptural warrant. The Mozarabic of today uses the Pauline words, and no Gallican Recital of the Institution remains in full; but in both the prayer that follows is called (with alternative nomenclature in the Gallican) post- 2936:

is known as the "Roman", it does not seem that the Gallican Psalter was used even in Gaul until a comparatively later date, though it spread thence over nearly all the West. At present the Mozarabic and Ambrosian Psalters are variants of the "Roman", with peculiarities of their own. Probably the

1968:, and second part, the Mass of the Faithful, was no longer needed, and therefore the want was felt of a position with some meaning to it for the sign of Christian unity. The long and diffuse prayers were made into the short and crisp collects of the Roman type. It was then that the variable post- 1843:

The third theory is perhaps rather complicated to state without danger of misrepresentation, and has not been so definitely stated as the other two by any one writer. It is held in part by Milanese liturgists and by many others whose opinion is of weight. In order to state it clearly it will be

2322:), described by Delisle, is a manuscript dating from the end of the 7th, or the early part of the 8th. Only a fragment, it begins with a Mass for the feast of Germanus of Auxerre, after which come prayers for the Blessing of Virgins and Widows, two Advent Masses, the Christmas Eve Mass, the 2969:(555–576), and by a comparison of these with the extant sacramentaries, not only of Gaul but of the Celtic Rite, with the Irish tracts on the Mass, with the books of the still existing Mozarabic Rite, and with the descriptions of the Hispanic Mass given by 2489:

in our knowledge of the Gallican Rite may reasonably be conjecturally filled up from the Mozarabic books, which even in their present form are those of substantially the same rite. There are also liturgical allusions in certain 5th and 6th century writers:

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In the Western rites – whether Hispano-Gallican, Ambrosian, or Roman – a very large proportion of the priest's part varies according to the day, and these variations are so numerous in the Gallican Rite that the fixed part, even of the Prayer of the

2532:, and one at the Abbey of Saint Gall. The manuscripts are of the early 8th century. The groundwork is Roman, with Gallican additions and modifications. Evidence for the Gallican rites of ordination and some other matters is derived from this book. 3265:

Peyron believed the fragment was written in the 7th century and Hammond suspected that the Peyron fragment was from the same manuscript as the Mai fragment; nevertheless, according to Hammond, the fragments belong to the Gallican type liturgies

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The later history of the Gallican rite is obscure and filled with liturgical anarchy. France had no clear capital; Toledo occasionally tried to impose liturgical law, but only over Visigothic areas, and without much success. The Councils of

2363:), described by Delisle, is a manuscript dating from the end of the 7th century and once belonging to the Petau Library. The name is due to a 15th-century note at the beginning of the book, and hence it has been attributed by Tommasi and 3057:, both of which are incomplete, along with a few details in the second Letter of Germanus of Paris. The forms given in the Stowe Missal and the Bobbio Missal are too much Romanized to well illustrate the Gallican Rite. The form given in 1988:. This reform, possibly through the influence of Ambrose, was adopted at Milan, but not in Gaul and Hispania. At a still later period, during the 5th and 6th centuries, changes were again made at Rome, principally attributed to 1844:

necessary to point out first certain details in which all the Latin liturgical rites agree with one another in differing from the Eastern, and in this we speak only of the Mass, which is of far more importance than either the

2425:, it has been attributed to Paris. It contains the Prophetical Lessons, epistles, and Gospels for the year from Christmas Eve onwards. At the end are the lessons of a few special Masses, for the burial of a bishop, for the 3080:

ceremonies which are mixed with the Baptismal service in the two books are not very characteristic. The couplets of invitatory and collect which occur in the Roman Good Friday service are given with verbal variations in

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There are many manuscripts of the Gregorian Sacramentary. It represents the sacramentary sent by Adrian I to Charlemagne, after it had been rearranged and supplemented by Gelasian and Gallican editions in France.

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The ancient liturgies of the Gallican Church: now first collected with an introductory dissertation, notes, and various readings, together with parallel passages from the Roman, Ambrosian, and Mozarabic

3032:. and probably fixed would be the priest's devotions at Communion. Most of these are very short and only the most important passage wanting is the one fixed passage in the Prayer of Consecration, the 1827:) as "foreign importations" and did not recognize in them the ancient usage of his own Church, and he thinks it hard to explain why the African Church should have accepted the Roman reforms, while 2977:, gave a very full account constructed on this basis, though some will differ from him in his supplying certain details from Ambrosian books, and in his claiming the Bobbio Missal Sacramentary as 1624:, which comprised the majority use of most of Western Christianity for the greater part of the 1st millennium AD. The rites first developed in the early centuries as the Syriac-Greek rites of 2988:

is, therefore, of less importance than it would be in, for instance, the Roman Mass or the Ambrosian Mass. Thus the fixed parts of the service would only be: (a) the three Canticles, (b) the

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intercessory prayers, and they occur in a form borrowed later from the Gallican in the ordination services, but in general the invitation to prayer is reduced to its lowest terms in the word

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of matter derived from the Gallican books and from the Roman book known as the Gelasian Sacramentary, which had been gradually supplanting the Gallican. It is probable that the editor was

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not seem to exclude the idea that Rome and the West may have had the germ of the Western Rite in common. Again the theory is conjectural and is only very slightly stated in the article.

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Jenner's analysis shows that the Gallican Mass contained a very small number of fixed elements and that nearly the whole service was variable according to the day. The absence of an

2116:, Charlemagne's principal liturgical advisor. Copies were distributed throughout Charlemagne's empire, and this "composite liturgy", as Duchesne describes, "from its source in the 1936:) and date the Institution by the betrayal, and of the less important anaphoras, most either use the same expression or paraphrase it. The Western liturgies date from the Passion, 2120:

spread throughout all the churches of the Frankish Empire and at length, finding its way to Rome gradually supplanted there the ancient use." More than half a century later, when

1866:, as in the Syro-Jacobite Rite, or on certain days, as in Byzantine and East Syrian, but they are complete in themselves and do not contain passages appropriate to the day. The 4884: 2737:

But the application of these names is sometimes obscure. It is not quite clear whether Nocturns and Lauds were not joined together as Matins; Caesarius speaks of Prima, while

5239: 4266: 2797:" are ordered. This evidently means twelve psalms, two under each antiphon. In August there seem to have been no psalms, because there were festivals and Masses of saints. " 2673:

19-year-cycle, the Gallican Church continued to use the 532-year-cycle, until the end of the 8th or beginning of the 9th century. Lent began with the first Sunday, not with

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There is a short passage which throws a little light upon the Lyon use of the end of the 5th century in an account of the Council of Lyon in 499. The council, assembled by

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speculates that some of these represent originally Gallican liturgies with Roman elements introduced, while evaluating others, such as the Gelasian Sacramentary and the

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as the key-day for Advent Sunday, so that, as at present in the Mozarabic and Ambrosian Rites, there were six Sundays of Advent (but only two Advent Masses survive in

1960:(366–384) – liturgical reforms were made at Rome: the position of the Great Intercession and of the Pax were altered, the latter perhaps because the form of the 4538: 2124:

wished to see what the ancient Gallican Rite had been like, it was necessary to import Hispanic priests to celebrate it in his presence. Subsequently, with the

975: 2853:". The rules of Caesarius and Aurelian both speak of two nocturns with lessons, which include on the feasts of martyrs lessons from their passions. They order 4998: 3821: 1835:

is not really Roman, but Gallican, much Romanized at a later period, and that the Gubbio variations of which Innocent I complained were borrowed from Milan.

1119: 2953:, may well have known about some of these of his own knowledge; but through the 7th century there are indications of adoption of the Roman or the Monastic 1452: 435: 3174:

and towel to subdeacons. Bidding Prayers and all are in the Roman Pontifical of today. In the ordination of deacons there is a form which is found in the

4560: 2973:. One may arrive at a fairly clear and general idea of the service, though there exists no Gallican Ordinary of the Mass and no Antiphoner. Duchesne, in 3852: 2690:

about some uniformity. The principal authorities are the Councils of Agde (506) and Tours (567) and allusions in the writings of Gregory of Tours and

520: 3561: 4778: 1462: 612: 1365: 2346:, are Gallican in order with many Roman prayers. The Good Friday prayers are, with a few verbal variations, exactly as those in the Roman Missal. 1976:

were altered into a fixed Canon of a type similar to the Roman Canon of today, though perhaps this Canon began with the clause which now reads "

4848: 2445:". This lectionary is purely Gallican with no apparent Roman influence. The manuscript has not been printed in its entirety, but Mabillon, in 3862: 3857: 1580: 411: 2949:

and the Ambrosian, all of which seem to have been going on then. The unknown writer, though his opinion is of no value on the origin of the

4669: 4009: 3158:, were very short, and consisted simply of the delivery of the instruments: keys to the porters; books of lectors and exorcists; cruets to 1442: 1532: 4872: 4860: 4738: 3806: 2281: 2176:

There are no manuscripts of the Gallican Rite earlier than the later part of the 7th century, though the descriptions in the letters of

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services of the Gallican Rite do not occur in any of the avowedly Gallican books. They are found in the Gelasian Sacramentary and the

1415: 1129: 46: 4531: 3793: 3773: 3698: 3656: 1482: 1410: 1395: 1094: 161: 2677:. There is a not very intelligible passage in the canons of the Council of Tours to the effect that all through August there were " 5340: 4657: 3811: 1929: 1856:

The Eastern Eucharists of whatever rite are marked by the invariability of the priest's part. There are, it is true, alternative

1573: 1425: 1326: 1109: 900: 721: 637: 315: 272: 132: 2004:. These later reforms were not adopted at Milan which retained the books of the first reform, which are now known as Ambrosian. 1902:

embodying the suggestions of the Bidding Prayer, addressed to God. These Bidding Prayers have survived in the Roman Rite in the

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are the chief authorities on this point, and to these may be added some information to be gathered from the regulations of the

1789: 1492: 1400: 1124: 143: 97: 5068: 4687: 4295: 3667: 2694:. The general arrangement and nomenclature were very similar to those of the Celtic Rite. There were two principal services, 1487: 752: 545: 228: 139: 111: 2669:

532-year-cycle in 457, the Gallican Church, unlike the Celts, did the same; but when, in 525, the Roman Church adopted the

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depended, of course, on Easter. When the Roman Church altered the Easter computation from the old 84-year-cycle to the new

1683:. It was so nearly allied to the Gallican Rite that the term Hispano-Gallican is often applied to the two. But the Iberian 5345: 5227: 4663: 1777: 1640: 1629: 1625: 1370: 1340: 1140: 740: 5281: 2546:(Vat. Reg. Lat. 257) is a fragment of a sacramentary similar to the Gelasian Sacramentary, though not identical with it. 2062:

Throughout this period, there was a slow process of Romanization in the Gallican rite, accelerated in the 8th century by

4524: 4116: 3229:, which may be presumed to have borrowed from it. A 9th century commentary on the ritual of a dedication, attributed by 2582: 1933: 1430: 1405: 1335: 797: 295: 3879: 2573: 1700: 1522: 1457: 1447: 1360: 1058: 685: 602: 535: 376: 2789:, with Alleluia (presumably as Antiphon). For Matins there is a curious arrangement which reminds one of that in the 2338:, Good Friday and Easter Sunday ceremonies and the baptismal service, Masses for the Sundays after Easter up to the 1890:, is strangely little. Certain varying prayers of the Hispano-Gallican Rite have a tendency to fall into couples, a 4150: 3607:

The ancient liturgy of Antioch and other liturgical fragments: being an appendix to "Liturgies Eastern and Western"

3085:; in both, however, there are other prayers of a similar type and prayers for some of the Hours of Good Friday and 2590: 2482: 1512: 1345: 2217: 2167:

of the French dioceses in the 17th to mid-19th centuries. These have nothing to do with the ancient Gallican Rite.

1784:(Lyon), was the principal centre of Gallican development. He lays great stress on the incontestable importance of 5234: 4428: 3801: 2193: 1355: 1331: 578: 310: 3214: 3146: 3134: 4731: 4681: 4435: 3129: 2893: 1707:, was once very popular among Anglican scholars. According to it the Gallican Rite went back to one brought to 1502: 1250: 1053: 965: 862: 690: 617: 425: 248: 81: 3202: 2292:(Preface) with other prayers of Gallican type. The Bunsen fragment contains part of a Mass for the Dead (post- 1740: 3705:

Describes Rose's research (quoting him extensively) into early Gallican, monasticism, missions, worship, etc.

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Christian worship: its origin and evolution : a study of the Latin liturgy up to the time of Charlemagne

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but has not been adopted in the Roman Rite, the recognition by the people, after an address, with the cry of

4982: 4651: 4608: 4195: 3238: 2966: 2919: 2905: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2602:

It is probable that there were many variations in different times and places, and that the influence of the

2117: 2051:(581, 623) made attempts at imposing liturgical consistency, but only at a local level. In the 7th century, 1965: 1663:

The Gallican Rite was used from before the 5th century, and likely prior to the Diocletian reform in AD 293

950: 735: 459: 102: 2957:

instead of the Gallican, or to mix them up, a tendency which was resisted at times by provincial councils.

2222: 5244: 5222: 4994: 4813: 4808: 4631: 4622: 4507: 4223: 3742: 2861: 2426: 1788:(Milan) as the capital of the Western Roman Empire from 286 to 402 and of the Church of Milan in the late 1617: 1563: 1177: 444: 3242: 2666: 2269: 5268: 4803: 4721: 4580: 3566: 2519: 2276: 2071: 1760: 910: 757: 666: 607: 597: 525: 506: 492: 233: 194: 184: 38: 4758: 4617: 2227:(760–781). It contains eleven Masses of purely Gallican type, one of which is a Mass for the feast of 5258: 5217: 4977: 4748: 4716: 4190: 4111: 4031: 3923: 3901: 3816: 3217:

was exclusively funerary and contained little else but the deposition of the relics, as shown in the

3033: 2985: 2586: 2486: 2048: 1921: 1652: 1637: 1609: 1104: 1078: 960: 745: 627: 482: 290: 258: 189: 5295: 5187: 4798: 4414: 4081: 3234: 3184: 2615: 2285: 2264: 2228: 2103: 2094: 1961: 1823:, spoke of usages which Duchesne recognizes as Gallican (e.g. the position of the Diptychs and the 1544: 705: 418: 393: 348: 3647:. Translated by Charles Underhill Quinn. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. pp. 3205:

does not occur in the recognized Gallican books and from prayers in the Gelasian Sacramentary and

3002:(d) the Dismissal, (e) the priest's prayers at the Offertory, (f) the Great Intercession, (g) the 2937:

decadence of the Gallican Divine Office was very gradual. In an 8th-century manuscript tract, the

2506:, and some information may be gathered from the decrees of the Gallican councils mentioned above. 5044: 4954: 4942: 4919: 4783: 4693: 4635: 3591:. Translated by M. L. McClure (5th ed.). London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 2970: 2691: 2595: 2499: 2491: 2372: 2209: 2044: 1894:, or invitation to pray, sometimes of considerable length and often partaking of the nature of a 1857: 1793: 1145: 1018: 675: 540: 515: 497: 238: 206: 199: 166: 3648: 3275:

The Bunsen fragments belong to the Gallican type liturgies classification, according to Hammond.

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manuscript are the other authorities from which Duchesne derives his details. The order of the

1984:

once read "Fac nobis hanc oblationem". This may have been introduced by a short, variable post-

1655:. Ireland is also known to have had a form of this Gallican Liturgy mixed with Celtic customs. 4483: 3721: 3694: 3673: 3652: 3619: 3592: 3230: 3222: 3138: 2670: 2495: 2129: 2036: 2028: 1668: 1605: 1028: 782: 587: 564: 487: 383: 332: 149: 5076: 4865: 4841: 4793: 4478: 4461: 4446: 4303: 4133: 4019: 3781: 3611: 3605: 3246: 3017: 2901: 2873: 2653:

a large space is given to the services of the two days before Easter, and in the latter the

2503: 2414: 2177: 2121: 2090: 2040: 1925: 1820: 1321: 1280: 1270: 1260: 1048: 935: 895: 772: 680: 592: 477: 300: 216: 154: 43:. It may be out of date, or may reflect the point of view of the Catholic Church as of 1913. 3579:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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to the end of the 11th century, and lingered as an archaeological survival in chapels at

72: 5319: 5126: 5096: 5081: 5023: 5013: 4948: 4931: 4773: 4626: 4473: 4466: 4353: 4323: 4308: 4251: 4241: 4074: 3847: 3717: 3641: 3175: 3090: 2978: 2719: 2662: 2113: 2001: 1997: 1957: 1891: 1832: 1773: 1728: 1684: 1296: 1275: 1238: 1228: 1155: 1150: 1063: 991: 814: 777: 762: 647: 622: 552: 366: 221: 2645:

has a Mass for the feast of Germanus of Auxerre before the two Advent Masses. In both

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Much side light is thrown on the Gallican Rite by the Celtic books, especially by the

5329: 5307: 5018: 4901: 4823: 4763: 4726: 4451: 4246: 4064: 3890: 3580: 3555: 3163: 2674: 2478: 2422: 2388: 2364: 2108: 1824: 1808: 1748: 1676: 1644: 1613: 1291: 1233: 996: 980: 836: 831: 700: 695: 34: 5149: 5121: 5051: 4743: 4708: 4587: 4555: 4547: 4376: 4348: 4278: 4218: 4172: 4167: 4155: 3874: 3869: 3735: 3151: 3086: 3008: 2923: 2637:, the Luxeuil has Commons of bishops and deacons for a number of other Masses, and 2525: 2474: 2252: 1887: 1804: 1755: 1716: 1671:

was used from the 5th century in Roman provinces within the Roman civil diocese of

1621: 1390: 1207: 1202: 1073: 1068: 890: 868: 767: 711: 305: 126: 2809:"; six psalms at Terce, Sext, and None, with an antiphon, a hymn, a lesson, and a 2449:, gives references to all the lessons and the beginnings and endings of the text. 5207: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5154: 5139: 5134: 4853: 4836: 4788: 4408: 4401: 4394: 4381: 4366: 4361: 4123: 4091: 4086: 4059: 3896: 2930: 2781:. The distribution of the Psalter is not known. The Council of Tours orders six 2098: 2067: 1964:

of the catechumens was disused, and the distinction between the first part, the

1903: 1688: 955: 945: 730: 371: 285: 243: 211: 4502: 3586: 2681:", but this is not borne out by the existing sacramentaries or the Lectionary. 1558: 5028: 4909: 4256: 4128: 4106: 4101: 4036: 3906: 3681: 3226: 3120: 2881: 2855: 2606:

brought about gradual assimilation to Rome. The year, as is usual, began with

2409: 2376: 2260: 2231:, but the others do not specify any festival. One Mass is written entirely in 2205: 2201: 2086: 2052: 1989: 1862: 1785: 1732: 1664: 1187: 915: 905: 657: 632: 401: 3725: 3677: 3596: 5290: 5056: 4283: 3710: 3623: 3155: 3077: 2634: 2232: 2213: 1952:

in the Gallican Masses, so that it is clear that this form existed in both.

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Toto Augusto manicationes fiant, quia festivitates sunt et missae sanctorum

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period, which are all that are left, contain many Roman elements. The 1913

1792:, and conjectures that a liturgy of Oriental origin, introduced perhaps by 1731:. The idea originated partly in a statement in the 8th-century tract in a 4877: 4831: 4768: 4592: 4576: 4069: 4004: 3987: 3973: 3884: 3099: 2869: 2731: 2380: 2368: 2339: 2164: 2063: 1875: 1871: 1781: 1724: 1720: 1672: 1316: 1023: 1011: 876: 388: 280: 3225:

manuscript, the Gallican Rite resembled more closely that of the modern

2524:

There are three extant manuscripts of the Gelasian Sacramentary, one at

1754:. This theory "may be dismissed as practically disproved," according to 4925: 4914: 4753: 4140: 4096: 4024: 3967: 3604:

Hammond, Charles E. (1879). "Fragments of ancient Gallican liturgies".

3159: 2994: 2911: 2805:", two lessons, one from the old and one from the New Testament, and a 2723: 2699: 2611: 2417:, but because among its very few saints' days it contains the feast of 2331: 2149: 2125: 2089:(742–66). The Roman chant was introduced about 760, and by a decree of 2056: 1899: 1867: 1828: 1712: 1099: 1006: 1001: 852: 361: 4936: 4162: 4145: 4054: 3979: 3931: 2915: 2695: 2630: 2607: 2434: 2392: 2256: 2157: 2153: 1908: 1895: 1751: 2413:(Luxeuil) is a 7th-century manuscript discovered by Mabillon in the 3554: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 2180:(555–76) take one back another century. The known manuscripts are: 3949: 3937: 3167: 2782: 2711: 2384: 2240: 1879: 1797: 1633: 822: 792: 454: 2888:. Then psalms were sung and a lesson was read from the prophets ( 4584: 3955: 3171: 2845:

Caesarius mentions a blessing given by the bishop at the end of

2715: 2375:. Duchesne, judging by the inclusion of Masses for the feast of 2288:. The Peyron fragment contains part of what looks like a Lenten 2251:

The Peyron, Mai, and Bunsen fragments are disjointed palimpsest

2082: 1708: 122: 4520: 4516: 3746: 3693:. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood. pp. 701–716. 3639:

Bouyer, Louis (1968) . "The Gallican and Mozarabic Eucharist".

3144:

The ceremonial contained therein agrees with that described in

2965:

The chief authorities for the Gallican Mass are the letters of

3643:

Eucharist: theology and spirituality of the eucharistic prayer

2078:, as Roman liturgies with Gallican additions and adaptations. 18: 2216:. The manuscript, which is late 7th century, had belonged to 3318:

For the full list of variables, in the Reichenau fragments,

3182:

This is used for priests and bishops also, for example, the

3137:, but now known to be a Gallican decree "promulgated in the 1807:, Mediolanum, to the Roman provinces in Gaul, Hispania, and 2626:

and the Luxeuil Lectionary both begin with Christmas Eve.

1653:

which had a few early centers of Christianity in the south

3369:

Bibliothèque nationale de France. Manuscript. Latin 974.

2918:, now used in all the churches of the Roman Rite except 2107:

in 789, the Gallican chant was abolished in its favour.

3049:

The authorities for the Gallican Baptismal Service are

2851:

cumque expleto Lucernario benedictionem populo dedisset

2821:" of the Ambrosian Rite), two antiphons, a hymn, and a 2793:. Normally in summer (apparently from Easter to July) " 3689:

Hieromonk Damascene (2003). "Western Orthodox Roots".

2132:, the Gallican rite was the official form of liturgy. 1870:

of course vary with the day in all rites, and varying

5279: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 2859:

to be sung at Lauds and during the Paschal days, and

2387:. Masses are numbered, the manuscript beginning with 2342:

Mass, where the manuscript breaks off. Masses, as in

2280:

at Milan, and those fragments which are an eponym of

2000:; these three popes are the eponyms of three varying 1776:

puts forward in place of the Ephesine. He holds that

1643:. By the 5th century, it was well established in the 3672:. Translated by Catherine M. Antony. London: Sands. 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 2817:

a "Psalmus Directaneus", whatever that may be (cf. "

2391:

which is numbered III. Probably there were once two

5240:

Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions

5200: 5114: 5067: 5006: 4993: 4968: 4900: 4822: 4707: 4644: 4569: 4554: 4427: 4341: 4294: 4234: 4217: 4206: 4181: 4045: 3997: 3917: 3840: 3792: 3378:For the order of the consecration of a church, see 1848:or the occasional services in determining origins. 1831:himself a Roman, refused them. He assumes that the 3730:Contains reconstructions from several manuscripts. 3640: 3305:For a reconstructed order of a Gallican Mass, see 3111:. There is no blessing of the new fire in either. 3103:and its Preface nearly exactly as in the Roman, a 2829:, eighteen psalms, an antiphon, hymn, lesson, and 2599:, as to the Gallican practice in the 6th century. 1920:Another Western peculiarity is in the form of the 1739:) to such an origin, and partly in a statement of 3570:. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 33:This article incorporates unedited text from the 3709:Neale, John M.; Forbes, George H., eds. (1855). 3141:towards the end of the 5th century" (Duchesne). 2926:, is known as the "Gallican", while the older, 2892:,), more psalms and a lesson from the Gospels, 1980:", but according to the pseudo-Ambrosian tract 3209:. Duchesne's analysis of both rites shows, in 2878:feast of Just. The vigil was kept at his tomb. 4532: 3758: 3093:consists of a Bidding Prayer and collect (in 2833:. From this it seems as though the office of 2066:. Nearly all the Gallican books of the later 1747:(664) respecting the Johannine origin of the 1581: 8: 3666:Cabrol, Fernand (1934). "The Mass in Gaul". 3284:For a list of liturgical year variations in 3016:(j) the Recital of the Institution, (k) the 2160:. This was only a variant of the Roman Rite. 5064: 5003: 4819: 4566: 4539: 4525: 4517: 4291: 4231: 4214: 3765: 3751: 3743: 1699:The Ephesine theory, first put forward by 1588: 1574: 343: 96: 67: 3853:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts 2144:has also been applied to two other uses: 1924:. The principal Eastern liturgies follow 1735:, which refers the Service of the Gauls ( 3691:Father Seraphim Rose: his life and works 3537: 3521: 2614:days a week during Advent and mentioned 2437:is ordained, when a priest is blessed, " 603:Outside the Church there is no salvation 5286: 3509: 3497: 3395: 3258: 2865:sung on Sundays and greater festivals. 2753:, while Aurelian distinguishes between 1898:, addressed to the congregation, and a 1882:; but the priest's part remains fixed. 720: 665: 577: 505: 467: 434: 400: 346: 110: 88: 3533: 3485: 3379: 3357: 3340: 3323: 3306: 3293: 2934:now used in St. Peter's Basilica only, 2610:. The Council of Mâcon arranged three 2571:, and the Gallican adaptations of the 436:Realms beyond the States of the Church 3863:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom 3858:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great 3716:(in Latin and English). Burntisland: 7: 4010:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament 3150:by Isidore of Seville. The forms of 2458:The Letters of St. Germanus of Paris 2330:and other ceremonies preparatory to 2198:Mémoire sur d'anciens Sacramentaires 1508: 47:broader and more recent perspectives 16:Historical form of Christian liturgy 2722:; and probably two night services, 2510:principal of these are as follows. 2485:may also be of service, while most 2282:Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen 1528: 4598:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 3322:, and Germanus's description, see 3105:Collectio post benedictionem cerei 2880:This began with a lesson from the 2745:; Caesarius distinguishes between 2593:(581), and from Gregory of Tours' 2055:'s missionaries likely introduced 1852:Invariability of the Priest's part 14: 3564:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 2247:Peyron, Mai, and Bunsen Fragments 2081:The Roman Liturgy was adopted at 1803:from 355 to 374, spread from the 5313: 5301: 5289: 5264: 5263: 4501: 3574: 3549: 3065:has a much fuller form with the 2679:festivitates et missae sanctorum 2629:Both books also have Commons of 2453:Letters of St. Germanus of Paris 1930:First Epistle to the Corinthians 1772:The second theory is that which 1557: 1538: 1527: 1518: 1517: 1507: 1498: 1497: 901:Catechism of the Catholic Church 71: 23: 5213:Latin Church in the Middle East 2998:, etc., at the Gospel, (c) the 2661:are given at great length. The 2148:a French use introduced by the 2136:Other uses of the name Gallican 1632:and were first translated into 45:It should be edited to reflect 3020:. Possibly fixed would be the 1948:" come at the end of the post- 1723:, who had received it through 1608:and other ritual practices in 229:History of the Catholic Church 1: 3669:The Mass of the Western Rites 3352:For the baptismal service in 3335:For the baptismal service in 3237:, and the 8th or 9th century 3133:, formerly attributed to the 2842:is the Byzantine Hesperinos. 2172:Manuscripts and other sources 1641:Praetorian prefecture of Gaul 4117:Divine Worship: Daily Office 3739:(London: A.R. Mowbray, 1958) 3197:The Consecration of a church 2795:sex antiphonae binis psalmis 2255:. Those fragments which are 2218:John II, Bishop of Constance 3610:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 3109:Collectio post hymnum cerri 2604:Martyrologium Hieronymianum 2574:Martyrologium Hieronymianum 2429:, when a bishop preaches, " 2383:(d. 680), attributes it to 2235:verse, except for the post- 686:Infallibility of the Church 5362: 4508:Catholic Church portal 4151:Divine Worship: The Missal 3215:Roman Rite of Consecration 3213:, that at a time when the 3147:De Officiis Ecclesiasticis 3135:Fourth Council of Carthage 2975:Origines du Culte chrétien 2941:is distinguished from the 2517: 2483:Ambrosian Liturgy and Rite 2200:. They were discovered by 1620:that developed within the 1564:Catholic Church portal 5253: 5235:Eastern Catholic Churches 4498: 3998:Other liturgical services 3733:Porter, William Stevens. 3585:Duchesne, Louis (1919) . 2803:Fulgentis auctor aetheris 2702:; and four Lesser Hours, 2583:Fourth Council of Orléans 1938:Qui pridie quam pateretur 3946:(first hour of daylight) 3203:Consecration of a church 3130:Statuta Ecclesia Antiqua 2900:, and a lesson from the 2563:The Luxeuil Lectionary, 2481:. A comparison with the 2316:Missale Gallicanum Vetus 2309:Missale Gallicanum Vetus 1878:, etc., are sung by the 1636:in various parts of the 1604:is a historical form of 1251:Eastern Catholic liturgy 1054:Eastern Catholic liturgy 863:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 249:Four Marks of the Church 5341:Christianity in Francia 4983:Liturgical use of Latin 4609:Pierbattista Pizzaballa 4196:Liturgical use of Latin 3560:Jenner, Henry (1909). " 3061:is the least complete. 3040:The Occasional Services 2967:Saint Germanus of Paris 2641:has six Sunday Masses. 2591:Second Council of Mâcon 2439:in profectione itineris 2431:et plebs decimas reddat 1966:Mass of the Catechumens 1545:Vatican City portal 971:Philosophy of canon law 691:Mystical Body of Christ 5336:Latin liturgical rites 5245:Western Rite Orthodoxy 4885:Santiago de Compostela 4814:1983 Code of Canon Law 4789:Protestant Reformation 4732:Historical development 3976:(Anglican Use Vespers) 3239:Angoulême Sacramentary 3089:. The Blessing of the 2862:Gloria in excelsis Deo 2791:Rule of St. Columbanus 2771:Initium Noctis Paschae 2550:Gregorian Sacramentary 2427:dedication of a church 2194:Léopold Victor Delisle 2059:elements to the rite. 1860:which are used either 1618:Latin liturgical rites 5259:Doctors of the Church 4722:History of the papacy 4581:Patriarch of the West 4047:Liturgical literature 3982:(West Syriac Vespers) 3841:Eucharistic liturgies 3822:Anointing of the Sick 3567:Catholic Encyclopedia 3045:The Baptismal Service 2779:ad Duodeciman Paschae 2520:Gelasian Sacramentary 2514:Gelasian Sacramentary 2447:De Liturgia Gallicana 2277:Biblioteca Ambrosiana 2072:Catholic Encyclopedia 1815:(416) in a letter to 1761:Catholic Encyclopedia 1741:Colmán of Lindisfarne 1687:has, like the allied 1612:. It is not a single 1120:Anointing of the Sick 911:Apostolic exhortation 608:Infused righteousness 526:Immaculate Conception 234:History of the papacy 39:Catholic Encyclopedia 5346:Catholic terminology 4978:Ecclesiastical Latin 4749:Early African church 4717:Apostolic succession 4191:Ecclesiastical Latin 4112:Liturgy of the Hours 4032:Liturgy of the Hours 3902:Pontifical High Mass 3034:Words of Institution 2986:Ordinary of the Mass 2981:rather than Celtic. 2920:St. Peter's Basilica 2443:lectiones cotidianae 2212:, in the library of 2208:manuscript from the 1944:and the catchwords " 1922:Words of Institution 1851: 1638:Western Roman Empire 1610:Western Christianity 1463:the Age of Discovery 1453:Sex and gender roles 1443:Role in civilization 1436:in the United States 1079:Liturgy of the Hours 613:Invincible ignorance 483:Crucifixion of Jesus 291:College of Cardinals 259:Apostolic succession 103:St. Peter's Basilica 5188:Pre-Tridentine Mass 4799:Counter-Reformation 4561:order of precedence 4415:Pre-Tridentine Mass 4183:Liturgical language 3292:, and Luxeuil, see 3243:Celtic Consecration 3235:Remigius of Auxerre 3191:Deus omnium honorum 2785:at Sext and twelve 2667:Victorius Aquitaine 2559:The Liturgical Year 2371:, which was in the 2286:Abbey of Saint Gall 2229:Germanus of Auxerre 2190:Reichenau Fragments 2184:Reichenau Fragments 2104:Admonitio generalis 2095:Mayor of the Palace 1705:Origines Liturgicae 1645:Roman civil diocese 1616:but rather several 1476:Links and resources 536:Perpetual virginity 507:Blessed Virgin Mary 394:Divinum illud munus 296:Ecumenical councils 239:Ecumenical councils 5045:Extraordinary form 4955:Isidore of Seville 4943:Augustine of Hippo 4920:Hilary of Poitiers 4636:Francesco Moraglia 4618:Filipe Neri Ferrão 4267:Extraordinary Form 3684:on 6 January 2009. 3115:Ordination Service 3012:dialogue, (i) the 2971:Isidore of Seville 2928:a revision of the 2692:Caesarius of Arles 2596:Historia Francorum 2500:Caesarius of Arles 2492:Hilary of Poitiers 2403:Luxeuil Lectionary 2373:Visigothic Kingdom 2284:were found at the 2274:were found in the 2210:Abbey of Reichenau 2008:Summary of origins 1659:History and origin 1019:Christian humanism 916:Epistula Encyclica 676:College of Bishops 384:Consubstantialitas 207:Early Christianity 5277: 5276: 5196: 5195: 5110: 5109: 4964: 4963: 4703: 4702: 4514: 4513: 4494: 4493: 4423: 4422: 4337: 4336: 3970:(sunset/evening) 3736:The Gallican Rite 3562:The Gallican Rite 3249:is very similar. 3223:Saint-Amand Abbey 3211:Christian worship 3207:Missale Francorum 3139:province of Arles 3125:Missale Francorum 3071:expositio symboli 3006:formula, (h) the 2728:ad initium noctis 2685:The Divine Office 2671:Dionysius Exiguus 2655:expositio symboli 2544:Missale Francorum 2537:Missale Francorum 2502:, and especially 2496:Sulpicius Severus 2379:and the feast of 2324:expositio symboli 2192:are described in 2130:Kingdom of Sicily 2076:Missale Francorum 1606:Christian liturgy 1598: 1597: 1439: 1029:Neo-scholasticism 805: 804: 783:Seven deadly sins 706:Perfect community 588:Baptism of desire 488:Harrowing of Hell 64: 63: 5353: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5306: 5305: 5304: 5294: 5293: 5285: 5267: 5266: 5077:Benedictine Rite 5065: 5004: 4995:Liturgical rites 4820: 4794:Council of Trent 4779:Age of Discovery 4759:East–West Schism 4567: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4518: 4506: 4505: 4479:East Syriac Rite 4447:Alexandrian Rite 4436:Eastern Catholic 4429:Eastern Catholic 4304:Benedictine Rite 4292: 4232: 4226:liturgical rites 4215: 4134:Roman Pontifical 3990:(end of the day) 3924:Liturgical hours 3767: 3760: 3753: 3744: 3729: 3704: 3685: 3680:. Archived from 3662: 3646: 3627: 3600: 3578: 3577: 3571: 3553: 3552: 3541: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3383: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3361: 3350: 3344: 3333: 3327: 3316: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3247:An Leabhar Breac 3067:traditio symboli 2947:Cursus Scottorum 2943:Cursus Romanorum 2935: 2902:Pauline epistles 2879: 2874:king of Burgundy 2819:Psalmus Directus 2659:traditio symboli 2616:St. Martin's Day 2587:Council of Tours 2569:Missale Gallicum 2565:Missale Gothicum 2504:Gregory of Tours 2415:Abbey of Luxeuil 2357:Missale Gothicum 2351:Missale Gothicum 2328:traditio symboli 2273: 2226: 2178:Germain of Paris 2122:Charles the Bald 2091:Pepin of Herstal 2015:Church Quarterly 1928:'s words in the 1926:Paul the Apostle 1821:bishop of Gubbio 1768:Ambrosian theory 1590: 1583: 1576: 1562: 1561: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1531: 1530: 1521: 1520: 1511: 1510: 1501: 1500: 1433: 1351:Relations with: 1322:Anti-Catholicism 936:Cardinal Virtues 896:Athanasian Creed 773:Hypostatic union 681:Deposit of faith 593:Baptism of blood 478:Passion of Jesus 344: 311:Eastern Churches 301:Episcopal polity 129: 100: 75: 68: 59: 56: 50: 27: 26: 19: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5288: 5280: 5278: 5273: 5249: 5192: 5182:Missa Venatoria 5106: 5102:Norbertine Rite 5092:Cistercian Rite 5087:Carthusian Rite 5063: 5040:Tridentine Mass 5036:(Ordinary form) 5034:Mass of Paul VI 4999:Liturgical days 4997: 4989: 4960: 4896: 4818: 4699: 4640: 4601: 4558: 4550: 4545: 4515: 4510: 4500: 4490: 4457:Antiochene Rite 4437: 4433: 4430: 4419: 4409:Missa Venatoria 4333: 4329:Norbertine Rite 4319:Cistercian Rite 4314:Carthusian Rite 4290: 4272:Tridentine Mass 4262:Mass of Paul VI 4225: 4221: 4209: 4202: 4177: 4041: 3993: 3940:(early morning) 3922: 3919:Canonical hours 3913: 3836: 3788: 3786:Catholic Church 3771: 3708: 3701: 3688: 3665: 3659: 3638: 3635: 3633:Further reading 3630: 3616:2027/hvd.ah51jq 3603: 3584: 3575: 3559: 3550: 3545: 3544: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3386: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3351: 3347: 3334: 3330: 3317: 3313: 3304: 3300: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3266:classification. 3264: 3260: 3255: 3199: 3117: 3047: 3042: 2963: 2939:Cursus Gallorum 2927: 2877: 2876:, began on the 2767:Vespera Paschae 2687: 2663:moveable feasts 2579:Council of Agde 2561: 2552: 2540: 2522: 2516: 2471: 2463:Ordo Gallicanus 2455: 2419:Saint Genevieve 2405: 2354: 2336:Maundy Thursday 2312: 2267: 2249: 2220: 2186: 2174: 2138: 2118:Imperial chapel 2085:in the time of 2024: 2010: 1994:Pope Gelasius I 1978:Quam oblationem 1918: 1916:The Institution 1854: 1846:canonical hours 1841: 1813:Pope Innocent I 1801:bishop of Milan 1770: 1745:Synod of Whitby 1737:Cursus Gallorum 1697: 1695:Ephesine theory 1661: 1614:liturgical rite 1594: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1477: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1385: 1384:Societal issues 1377: 1376: 1375: 1311: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1287: 1256: 1246: 1245: 1219: 1193:Post-Vatican II 1183: 1172: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1136: 1090: 1084:Liturgical year 1043: 1035: 1034: 1033: 986: 966:Social teaching 951:Catholic ethics 930: 922: 921: 920: 886:Apostles' Creed 858:Sixtine Vulgate 817: 807: 806: 788:Beatific vision 722:Other teachings 643:Moral influence 469:Paschal mystery 341: 340: 322: 321: 320: 275: 265: 264: 263: 254:One true church 179: 171: 121: 106: 90:Catholic Church 60: 54: 51: 44: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5359: 5357: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5310: 5298: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5261: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5210: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5178: 5171: 5164: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5129: 5127:Aquileian Rite 5124: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5097:Dominican Rite 5094: 5089: 5084: 5082:Carmelite Rite 5079: 5073: 5071: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5037: 5026: 5024:Mozarabic Rite 5021: 5016: 5014:Ambrosian Rite 5010: 5008: 5001: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4974: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4952: 4949:Pope Gregory I 4946: 4940: 4934: 4932:Pope Damasus I 4929: 4923: 4917: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4902:Church Fathers 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4828: 4826: 4824:Apostolic sees 4817: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4774:Western Schism 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4729: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4670:Constantinople 4667: 4661: 4655: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4629: 4620: 4611: 4602: 4573: 4571: 4564: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4521: 4512: 4511: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4476: 4474:Byzantine Rite 4471: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4454: 4449: 4443: 4441: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4391: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4356: 4354:Aquileian Rite 4351: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4324:Dominican Rite 4321: 4316: 4311: 4309:Carmelite Rite 4306: 4300: 4298: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4264: 4254: 4252:Mozarabic Rite 4249: 4244: 4242:Ambrosian Rite 4238: 4236: 4229: 4212: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4187: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4126: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4075:Roman Breviary 4067: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4028: 4027: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3977: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3928: 3926: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3848:Divine Liturgy 3844: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3731: 3718:Pitsligo Press 3706: 3699: 3686: 3663: 3657: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3601: 3572: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3540:, p. 408. 3526: 3524:, p. 149. 3514: 3502: 3490: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3371: 3362: 3345: 3328: 3311: 3298: 3277: 3268: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3231:Edmond Martène 3219:Ordines Romani 3198: 3195: 3176:Byzantine Rite 3116: 3113: 3091:Paschal Candle 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 2962: 2959: 2686: 2683: 2560: 2557: 2551: 2548: 2539: 2534: 2518:Main article: 2515: 2512: 2470: 2467: 2454: 2451: 2404: 2401: 2395:Masses, as in 2353: 2348: 2311: 2306: 2248: 2245: 2185: 2182: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2161: 2137: 2134: 2114:Alcuin of York 2023: 2020: 2009: 2006: 2002:sacramentaries 1998:Pope Gregory I 1982:De Sacramentis 1958:Pope Damasus I 1917: 1914: 1892:Bidding Prayer 1853: 1850: 1840: 1837: 1833:Ambrosian Rite 1774:Louis Duchesne 1769: 1766: 1729:John of Patmos 1701:William Palmer 1696: 1693: 1685:Mozarabic Rite 1660: 1657: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1535: 1525: 1515: 1505: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1257: 1255: 1254: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1156:Biblical canon 1153: 1148: 1143: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1064:Divine Liturgy 1061: 1056: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1009: 1004: 994: 992:Augustinianism 984: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 932: 931: 928: 927: 924: 923: 919: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 882: 881: 880: 879: 874: 873: 872: 865: 860: 847: 846: 845:Official Bible 842: 841: 840: 839: 834: 826: 825: 819: 818: 813: 812: 809: 808: 803: 802: 801: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 778:Predestination 775: 770: 765: 763:Amillennialism 760: 755: 750: 749: 748: 738: 733: 725: 724: 718: 717: 716: 715: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 670: 669: 663: 662: 661: 660: 655: 650: 648:Sanctification 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 623:Means of grace 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 582: 581: 575: 574: 573: 572: 567: 562: 561: 560: 550: 549: 548: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 510: 509: 503: 502: 501: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 472: 471: 465: 464: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 439: 438: 432: 431: 430: 429: 422: 415: 405: 404: 398: 397: 396: 391: 386: 381: 380: 379: 374: 369: 357: 356: 355: 354: 342: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 327: 324: 323: 319: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 277: 276: 271: 270: 267: 266: 262: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 225: 224: 219: 214: 204: 203: 202: 197: 192: 181: 180: 177: 176: 173: 172: 170: 169: 164: 158: 157: 152: 147: 136: 135: 130: 118: 115: 114: 108: 107: 105:, Vatican City 101: 93: 92: 86: 85: 77: 76: 62: 61: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5358: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5270: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5168:Missa Nautica 5165: 5163: 5162:Gallican Rite 5160: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5019:Rite of Braga 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4967: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4859: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4764:Scholasticism 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4739:First Martyrs 4737: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4727:Papal primacy 4725: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4556:Patriarchates 4553: 4549: 4542: 4537: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4452:Armenian Rite 4450: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4432: 4426: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4395:Missa Nautica 4392: 4390: 4389:Gallican Rite 4387: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4247:Rite of Braga 4245: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4205: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4065:Book of hours 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3986: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3891:Missa Cantata 3888: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3763: 3761: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3700:1-887904-07-7 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3658:0-268-00498-6 3654: 3650: 3645: 3644: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3582: 3581:public domain 3573: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3556:public domain 3548: 3547: 3539: 3538:Duchesne 1919 3535: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3522:Duchesne 1919 3518: 3515: 3512:, p. 53. 3511: 3506: 3503: 3500:, p. 51. 3499: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3381: 3380:Jenner (1909) 3375: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3358:Jenner (1909) 3355: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3341:Jenner (1909) 3338: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3324:Jenner (1909) 3321: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3307:Jenner (1909) 3302: 3299: 3295: 3294:Jenner (1909) 3291: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3262: 3259: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3245:given in the 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3022:Confractorium 3019: 3018:Lord's Prayer 3015: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2932: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2894:Matthew 11:21 2891: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2839:ad Duodecimam 2836: 2832: 2828: 2827:ad Duodecimam 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2787:ad Duodecimam 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755:ad Duodeciman 2752: 2751:ad Duodeciman 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2675:Ash Wednesday 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2558: 2556: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2479:Bobbio Missal 2476: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2459: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2423:Germain Morin 2420: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2389:Christmas Eve 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2365:Jean Mabillon 2362: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2271: 2266: 2265:Amedeo Peyron 2262: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2204:in 1850 in a 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2171: 2166: 2163:the reformed 2162: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2109:Pope Adrian I 2106: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2022:Later history 2021: 2019: 2016: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1749:Quartodeciman 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1602:Gallican Rite 1591: 1586: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1546: 1536: 1534: 1526: 1524: 1516: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1472: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1411:Homosexuality 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1381: 1380: 1372: 1371:Protestantism 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1310:Miscellaneous 1307: 1306: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1179: 1178:Latin liturgy 1176: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1165: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1039: 1038: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999: 998: 997:Scholasticism 995: 993: 990: 989: 988: 982: 981:Virtue ethics 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 933: 926: 925: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 883: 878: 875: 871: 870: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 854: 851: 850: 849: 848: 844: 843: 838: 837:New Testament 835: 833: 832:Old Testament 830: 829: 828: 827: 824: 821: 820: 816: 811: 810: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 747: 744: 743: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 728: 727: 726: 723: 719: 714: 713: 709: 707: 704: 702: 701:People of God 699: 697: 696:Papal primacy 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 673: 672: 671: 668: 664: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 618:Justification 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 585: 584: 583: 580: 576: 571: 568: 566: 563: 559: 556: 555: 554: 551: 547: 544: 543: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 513: 512: 511: 508: 504: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 474: 473: 470: 466: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 442: 441: 440: 437: 433: 428: 427: 423: 421: 420: 416: 414: 413: 409: 408: 407: 406: 403: 399: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 364: 363: 360: 359: 358: 353: 352: 351: 350: 345: 336: 334: 331: 330: 326: 325: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 274: 269: 268: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 209: 208: 205: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 187: 186: 183: 182: 175: 174: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 151: 148: 145: 141: 138: 137: 134: 131: 128: 124: 120: 119: 117: 116: 113: 109: 104: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 83: 79: 78: 74: 70: 69: 66: 58: 48: 42: 41: 40: 36: 35:public-domain 30: 21: 20: 5296:Christianity 5228:Titular sees 5180: 5173: 5166: 5161: 5145:Hereford Use 5122:African Rite 5052:Anglican Use 4744:Great Church 4591: 4548:Latin Church 4407: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4372:Hereford Use 4349:African Rite 4279:Anglican Use 4219:Latin Church 4173:Sacramentary 4168:Roman Ritual 4156:Roman Missal 3964:(ninth hour) 3952:(third hour) 3889: 3875:Holy Qurbono 3870:Holy Qurbana 3807:Confirmation 3734: 3711: 3690: 3682:the original 3668: 3642: 3606: 3587: 3565: 3529: 3517: 3510:Hammond 1879 3505: 3498:Hammond 1879 3493: 3374: 3365: 3353: 3348: 3336: 3331: 3319: 3314: 3301: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3271: 3261: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3190: 3183: 3179: 3154:, including 3152:minor orders 3145: 3143: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3087:Easter Vigil 3082: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3048: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3013: 3009:Sursum corda 3007: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2974: 2964: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2924:Vatican City 2910: 2867: 2860: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2736: 2727: 2707: 2688: 2678: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2603: 2601: 2594: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2562: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2536: 2526:Vatican City 2523: 2508: 2475:Stowe Missal 2472: 2469:Celtic books 2462: 2457: 2456: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2408:The Luxeuil 2407: 2406: 2396: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2343: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2308: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2275: 2259:of Cardinal 2250: 2236: 2197: 2189: 2187: 2175: 2141: 2139: 2102: 2097:, quoted in 2080: 2075: 2061: 2025: 2014: 2011: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1919: 1907: 1888:Consecration 1884: 1861: 1855: 1842: 1839:Roman theory 1805:capital city 1771: 1759: 1756:Henry Jenner 1736: 1717:St. Pothinus 1704: 1698: 1662: 1622:Latin Church 1601: 1599: 1426:Nazi Germany 1416:Sexual abuse 1350: 1223: 1208:Anglican Use 1203:Use of Sarum 1115:Confirmation 1074:Holy Qurbono 1069:Holy Qurbana 985: 976:Philosophers 891:Nicene Creed 869:Nova Vulgata 867: 768:Original sin 712:Subsistit in 710: 667:Ecclesiology 638:Satisfaction 598:Divine grace 493:Resurrection 424: 417: 410: 347: 306:Latin Church 273:Organisation 195:Resurrection 65: 52: 37: 32: 5208:Latin cross 5175:Missa sicca 5140:Durham Rite 5135:Celtic Rite 4690:(1555–1663) 4678:(1524–1963) 4676:West Indies 4672:(1204–1964) 4666:(1098–1964) 4660:(1276–1964) 4627:Rui Valério 4614:East Indies 4462:West Syriac 4402:Missa sicca 4367:Durham Rite 4362:Celtic Rite 4124:Martyrology 4092:Gospel Book 4087:Euchologion 4060:Antiphonary 3934:(nighttime) 3897:Solemn Mass 3827:Holy Orders 3534:Jenner 1909 3486:Jenner 1909 3180:Dignus est! 3097:only), the 2931:Vetus Itala 2847:Lucernarium 2835:Lucernarium 2815:Lucernarium 2747:Lucernarium 2743:ad Secundum 2708:ad Secundum 2589:(567), and 2334:; also the 2290:Contestatio 2268: [ 2221: [ 2099:Charlemagne 2068:Merovingian 2047:(578), and 1904:Good Friday 1790:4th century 1689:Celtic Rite 1533:WikiProject 1401:Health care 1346:Monasticism 1281:East Syriac 1271:West Syriac 1261:Alexandrian 1130:Holy orders 961:Probabilism 956:Personalism 946:Natural law 758:Apologetics 731:Josephology 419:Ex Cathedra 286:Roman Curia 244:Magisterium 190:Crucifixion 55:August 2015 5330:Categories 5029:Roman Rite 4910:Tertullian 4809:Vatican II 4696:(560–1451) 4684:(560–1751) 4658:Alexandria 4257:Roman Rite 4208:Liturgical 4129:Pontifical 4107:Lectionary 4102:Horologion 4037:Procession 3907:Papal Mass 3794:Sacraments 3774:Sacraments 3390:References 3354:Gallicanum 3227:Pontifical 3121:Ordination 3063:Gallicanum 3055:Gallicanum 2906:Romans 2:4 2898:Luke 10:13 2890:Isaiah 6:9 2886:Exodus 7:3 2882:Pentateuch 2856:Magnificat 2831:capitellum 2823:capitellum 2811:capitellum 2807:capitellum 2775:Gallicanum 2765:speaks of 2741:speaks of 2739:Gallicanum 2651:Gallicanum 2643:Gallicanum 2635:Confessors 2620:Gallicanum 2461:a kind of 2433:", when a 2410:Lectionary 2397:Gallicanum 2377:Symphorian 2320:Gallicanum 2261:Angelo Mai 2206:palimpsest 2202:Franz Mone 2165:Breviaries 2087:Chrodegang 2053:Columbanus 1990:Pope Leo I 1946:Qui pridie 1863:ad libitum 1786:Mediolanum 1733:manuscript 1665:Roman Gaul 1266:Antiochene 1198:Tridentine 1095:Sacraments 929:Philosophy 906:Papal bull 658:Venial sin 633:Mortal sin 565:Apparition 541:Assumption 521:Veneration 426:Deificatio 402:Divine law 377:Holy Ghost 333:Theologies 178:Background 162:Sacraments 5150:Sarum Use 5057:Zaire Use 4804:Vatican I 4605:Jerusalem 4467:Malankara 4377:Sarum Use 4284:Zaire Use 4082:Customary 3832:Matrimony 3812:Eucharist 3782:liturgies 3726:793555941 3678:557830331 3597:844623358 3170:, basin, 3156:subdeacon 3078:Holy Week 2979:Ambrosian 2528:, one at 2239:which is 2233:hexameter 2214:Karlsruhe 2140:The name 1972:and post- 1962:dismissal 1872:antiphons 1858:anaphoras 1817:Decentius 1809:Britannia 1794:Auxentius 1681:Salamanca 1626:Jerusalem 1523:Templates 1396:Evolution 1366:Orthodoxy 1341:Ecumenism 1327:Criticism 1317:Antipopes 1297:Byzantine 1276:Malankara 1239:Mozarabic 1229:Ambrosian 1213:Zaire Use 1146:Devotions 1125:Matrimony 1110:Eucharist 753:Sexuality 653:Synergism 579:Salvation 570:Mediatrix 546:Dormition 531:Mater Dei 516:Mariology 498:Ascension 450:Purgatory 412:Decalogus 316:Canon law 200:Ascension 133:Hierarchy 5269:Category 5201:See also 5155:York Use 5131:British 4970:Language 4878:Barnabas 4849:Syracuse 4784:Humanism 4769:Crusades 4688:Ethiopia 4682:Aquileia 4654:(?−1964) 4652:Carthage 4593:cathedra 4431:Churches 4382:York Use 4358:British 4070:Breviary 4015:Exorcism 4005:Asperges 3988:Compline 3974:Evensong 3885:Low Mass 3624:23760885 3337:Gothicum 3320:Gothicum 3290:Gothicum 3286:Gallicum 3160:acolytes 3100:Exsultet 3095:Gothicum 3083:Gothicum 3059:Gothicum 3051:Gothicum 3030:Communio 3026:Trecanum 3014:Sanctus, 2961:The Mass 2870:Gundobad 2763:Gothicum 2732:Nocturns 2647:Gothicum 2639:Gothicum 2624:Gothicum 2441:", and " 2381:Leodegar 2369:Narbonne 2361:Gothicum 2344:Gothicum 2340:Rogation 2302:ad Pacem 2142:Gallican 2064:Boniface 1934:11:23–25 1876:troparia 1868:lections 1782:Lugdunum 1725:Polycarp 1721:Irenaeus 1673:Hispania 1503:Category 1493:Glossary 1431:Politics 1406:HIV/AIDS 1336:Pandeism 1292:Armenian 1224:Gallican 1024:Molinism 1012:Occamism 987:Schools 941:Just war 877:Peshitta 746:Lectures 736:Morality 389:Filioque 337:Doctrine 281:Holy See 150:Theology 144:timeline 112:Overview 82:a series 80:Part of 5320:History 5282:Portals 5257:* also 5115:Defunct 5007:Current 4926:Ambrose 4915:Cyprian 4754:Vulgate 4709:History 4664:Antioch 4645:Defunct 4588:Francis 4570:Current 4484:Malabar 4438:liturgy 4342:Defunct 4235:Current 4141:Psalter 4097:Gradual 4025:Requiem 4020:Funeral 3968:Vespers 3817:Penance 3802:Baptism 3784:of the 3558:: 3221:in the 3164:chalice 3073:, etc. 2995:Sanctus 2912:Agobard 2759:Complin 2724:Complin 2700:Vespers 2631:Martyrs 2612:fasting 2585:(541), 2581:(506), 2487:lacunae 2332:Baptism 2296:, post- 2294:Sanctus 2257:eponyms 2150:Normans 2128:in the 2126:Normans 2045:Auxerre 2043:(567), 2039:(529), 2035:(506), 2031:(465), 1986:Sanctus 1970:Sanctus 1950:Sanctus 1900:collect 1829:Ambrose 1743:at the 1713:Ephesus 1630:Antioch 1488:Outline 1458:Slavery 1448:Science 1361:Judaism 1105:Penance 1100:Baptism 1049:Liturgy 1042:Worship 1007:Scotism 1002:Thomism 853:Vulgate 362:Trinity 222:Fathers 155:Liturgy 140:History 127:Francis 5308:France 5223:Turkey 5218:Latins 5069:Orders 4937:Jerome 4632:Venice 4623:Lisbon 4590:(with 4296:Orders 4163:Tonary 4146:Missal 4055:Agpeya 3980:Ramsha 3958:(noon) 3932:Matins 3780:, and 3724: 3697: 3676: 3655: 3651:–337. 3622: 3595: 3583:: 3356:, see 3339:, see 3107:, and 3028:, and 2955:cursus 2951:cursus 2945:, the 2916:Jerome 2825:; and 2783:psalms 2773:, and 2730:, and 2718:, and 2696:Matins 2608:Advent 2530:Zürich 2435:deacon 2393:Advent 2298:Pridie 2253:leaves 2237:Pridie 2158:Sicily 2154:Apulia 2037:Vaison 2029:Vannes 1996:, and 1974:Pridie 1942:Pridie 1909:Oremus 1896:homily 1780:, not 1752:Easter 1677:Toledo 1669:Iberia 1141:Prayer 793:Saints 553:Titles 445:Heaven 367:Father 84:on the 4890:James 4873:Milan 4861:Malta 4854:Peter 4837:Peter 4694:Grado 4224:Latin 4210:rites 3962:Nones 3950:Terce 3944:Prime 3938:Lauds 3778:rites 3713:rites 3253:Notes 3185:Axios 3168:paten 3000:Prex, 2813:; at 2726:, or 2712:Terce 2706:, or 2704:Prime 2385:Autun 2272:] 2241:prose 2225:] 2152:into 2057:Irish 2049:Mâcon 2041:Tours 1880:choir 1798:Arian 1778:Milan 1758:, in 1727:from 1711:from 1634:Latin 1513:Media 1483:Index 1421:Music 1356:Islam 1332:Deism 1234:Braga 1188:Roman 1170:Rites 1151:Bible 823:Bible 815:Texts 798:Dogma 628:Merit 558:Queen 455:Limbo 212:Peter 185:Jesus 4866:Paul 4842:Paul 4832:Rome 4585:Pope 4583:'): 4577:Rome 4559:(by 3956:Sext 3880:Mass 3722:OCLC 3695:ISBN 3674:OCLC 3653:ISBN 3620:OCLC 3593:OCLC 3201:The 3172:ewer 3119:The 3076:The 3069:and 3053:and 2992:and 2990:Ajus 2837:and 2777:has 2769:and 2757:and 2749:and 2720:None 2716:Sext 2698:and 2657:and 2649:and 2633:and 2567:and 2542:The 2477:and 2326:and 2314:The 2263:and 2188:The 2156:and 2083:Metz 2033:Agde 1796:the 1719:and 1709:Lyon 1679:and 1649:Gaul 1628:and 1600:The 1059:Mass 741:Body 460:Hell 217:Paul 167:Mary 123:Pope 4596:in 3649:315 3612:hdl 3233:to 3004:Pax 2896:or 2849:, " 2622:). 2465:". 2367:to 2196:'s 2101:'s 1825:Pax 1715:by 1703:in 1647:of 1391:Art 372:Son 349:God 5332:: 4634:: 4625:: 4616:: 4607:: 4579:(' 3776:, 3720:. 3618:. 3536:; 3398:^ 3288:, 3166:, 3162:; 3036:. 3024:, 2922:, 2908:. 2904:, 2884:, 2872:, 2761:; 2734:. 2714:, 2710:, 2498:, 2494:, 2421:, 2304:. 2270:it 2243:. 2223:de 2093:, 1992:, 1912:. 1874:, 1819:, 1764:. 1651:, 125:: 5284:: 4957:* 4951:* 4945:* 4939:* 4928:* 4922:* 4600:) 4563:) 4540:e 4533:t 4526:v 4440:) 4434:( 4228:) 4222:( 3921:, 3766:e 3759:t 3752:v 3728:. 3703:. 3661:. 3626:. 3614:: 3599:. 3488:. 3382:. 3360:. 3343:. 3326:. 3309:. 3296:. 2359:( 2318:( 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