202:
contexts and experiences, "badges can have a significant impact, and can be used to motivate learning, signify community and signal achievement." The report also makes clear that the value of badges comes less from its visual representation than from the context around how and why it was conferred. The stronger the connection between the two, the more effective the badging system will be. "Badges are conversation starters," the report explains, "and the information linked to or 'behind' each badge serves as justification and even validation of the badge." For example, a badge should include information about how it was earned, who issued it, the date of issue, and, ideally, a link back to some form of artifact relating to the work behind the badge.
96:(AERA), gave the Presidential Address at their annual conference on the need to develop merit-badge-like "Qualifications" that certify accomplishments, not through standardized tests, but as "an integrated experience with performance requirements." Such a system would apply to learning both in and out of school and support youth to develop and pursue passionate interests. Baker envisioned youth assembling "their unique Qualifications to show to their families, to adults in university and workforce, and to themselves." Ultimately, Baker believed "the path of Qualifications shifts attention from schoolwork to usable and compelling skills, from school life to real life."
471:
been criticized for rewarding tasks that are not inherently interesting to badge recipients because they are created to promote behavior that aligns with the goals of the badge issuer and not necessarily the badge recipient. Some critics have also observed that badges are a type of extrinsic motivator that could compete with an individual's intrinsic motivation for accomplishment and mastery. In other words, it is like giving out rewards for things that individuals or students should already be doing. Like with any system of rewards, it overall reduces students' motivation when the reward no longer becomes desirable.
388:
111:/MacArthur Foundation Badges for Lifelong Learning Competition. According to Arne Duncan, badges "can help engage students in learning and broaden the avenues for all learners or all ages, to acquire and to demonstrate as well as document and display their skills. Badges can help speed the shift from credentials that simply measure seat time to ones that more accurately measure competency, and we must do everything we can to accelerate that transition.It can also help to account for both formal and informal learning and in a variety of different settings." Funded by the
426:. It is a free website funded by the HASTAC/MacArthur that provides U.S. military veterans with a means to use Open Badges to indicate relevant military training and experience to prospective employers. Examples of available badges include translator, engineering construction, law enforcement and finance, and employers are able to browse the Badges for Vets database to match specific qualifications or find qualified veterans in their local community.
235:, a network of organizations and individuals committed to building the open badging ecosystem and advancing the Open Badges specification. Founding members include Mozilla, the MacArthur Foundation, DigitalME, Sprout Fund, National Writing Project, Blackboard and others. More than 650 organizations from six continents signed up through the Badge Alliance to contribute to the Open Badges ecosystem.
322:
account for 75% of participation". Given more collaboration by an increased number of people, even more solutions, ideas and theories could be presented and analyzed. Badges have the potential to work for any company or online collaborative action system in order to engage more people and motivate those people to participate in online data sharing and social media.
371:, can be used to deliver content at scale, while providing structured points for formative assessment, connections to learning communities, and new possibilities for strengthening individual agency in the learning process. Such environments might leverage self- and peer-assessment, again as part of formative processes.
450:
400:
Digital badge management software helps to create, issue, store, and share digital badges that verify awardees' skills, and credentials. These platforms offer enterprise level security to ensure the badges are secure and private. Using a digital badge platform organizations can issue badges that save
289:
Benefits associated with digital badges include the ability to capture the complete learning path, so it "travels" with the user wherever they decide to display the badge. The digital badge carries with it information about assessment, evidence and other metadata required by the badge. Digital badges
470:
There have been criticisms of the use of badges, suggesting that the functions described above come with significant risks. Some claim that the long history of physical badges in military and quasi-military settings might encourage similar hierarchical relationships when employed online. Badges have
201:
diving instruction, and the more recently popular geo-locative games, like
Foursquare. The report asserts that badges "have been successfully used to set goals, motivate behaviors, represent achievements and communicate success in many contexts" and proposes that when learning happens across various
84:
According to
Shields & Chugh (2017, pg 1817), "digital badges are quickly becoming an appropriate, easy and efficient way for educators, community groups and other professional organisations to exhibit and reward participants for skills obtained in professional development or formal and informal
478:
The "gamification" of education is also something that skeptics fear because they feel that students would only be concerned with earning the most badges rather than focusing on the material presented. Additionally, there could be a slew of badges that do not mean anything at all, for example, like
305:
When TripAdvisor started showing badges on user pages, they explicitly indicated that this was to recognize the most frequent contributors. Systems that have been successful at motivating people with badges cite their ability to intrinsically motivate participants by showcasing challenges overcome,
273:
Just as badges in the physical world serve many functions, digital badges are employed in a variety of ways. Badges can serve different functions depending on the activities with which they are associated. Commonly, badges are thought of as rewards but have been found to be most effective when they
212:
To launch the Open Badges project, Mozilla and MacArthur engaged with over 300 nonprofit organizations, government agencies and others about informal learning, breaking down education monopolies and fuelling individual motivation. Much of this work was guided by "Open Badges for
Lifelong Learning",
474:
One of the biggest criticisms of badges is their validity, and whether they can be viewed as "trusted credentials". Another criticism of digital badges is that the badge earner's performance is not directly observed so there could be some difficulty in making sure that the badge is awarded to the
418:
With two-thirds of U.S. college or university students falling into the non-traditional category (meaning they aren't first-time, first-year students arriving on campus straight from high school), non-degree certificate programs will play an increasing role in providing post-secondary education
374:
A drawback is that these types of assessment take time. However, strategies like peer review, interactive games or simulations, and self-administered tests might help in fragmenting assessment processes, while still providing essential feedback to the learner along the way. Also, as markers or
434:
Digital badges can also be used as competency-based signifier of achievement, which is in contrast to traditional educational models that stress time-based quantification of education goals. Digital badges also have the ability to be more nimble than school curriculum that take time to create,
321:
Unlike most online media, open badge programs are collaborative ones that promote active, engaged involvement. While there are several modes of online collective action, all of the systems are largely run by a very small number of people; "for example, just two percent of
Knowledge (XXG) users
99:
In early 2010, the digital badge service provider Basno launched a platform that allowed users to create and collect badges that represent real-world accomplishments like running the 2011 ING New York City
Marathon. The effort marked a strong shift from viewing badges as game-like elements to
301:
One of the ways in which badges are often used is to encourage participation by recognizing the participants. Motivation is often one of the major reasons designers decide to employ badges. Participation is encouraged because badges offer a new pathway of lifelong learning separate from the
325:
Badges "enhance identity and reputation, raising profiles within learning communities and among peers by aggregating identities across other communities... build community and social capital by helping learners find peers and mentors with similar interests. Community badges help formalize
274:
also contribute to goal setting, reputation, status affirmation, instruction and group identification. Badges also promote lifelong learning that extends beyond the classroom and brings to light accomplishments that otherwise might have been hidden. Digital badges are associated with the
290:
can signal achievement to potential employers; motivate engagement and collaboration; improve retention and levelling up in learning; support innovation and flexibility in the skills that matter; and build and formalize identity and reputation within learning communities.
461:
that allowed users to aggregate and display their open badges. In late 2018, Mozilla announced that it would retire the
Mozilla Backpack and migrate all users to Badgr. Prior to that, several attempts had been made to aggregate digital badges found on multiple sites.
141:
357:
In learning environments, badges have been used to encourage alternative, peer-based assessment. Badges can be associated with summative assessments of prior learning as well as formative assessment that provide guidance and feedback. They can also function as
479:
earning a badge because your name starts with the letter A. The creation of these "meaningless" badges reinforces the issue of validity because now the badge earner needs to decipher which badges are valuable, and various institutions need to do the same.
362:
that shape existing learning or allow new ones to be created. Digital badges might be particularly useful as part of a formative assessment process, providing constant feedback and tracking of what has been learned and what the next step might be.
257:
In early 2016, IMS Global announced their commitment to Open Badges as an inter-operable standard for digital credentials, and in late 2016, Mozilla announced that stewardship of the Open Badges standard would transition officially to
441:, an early adopter of the Open Badges standard, cites a number of advantages to using badges to represent competencies, including the subjectivity of grades and the lack of transparency and granularity in traditional diplomas.
375:
benchmarks of learning, it is possible that digital badges might work particularly well for individuals who are stressed by testing, and for educators looking for mechanisms to accommodate differentiated learning pathways.
475:
person who completed the assignment or met the specific criteria. Open Badges attempt to address these concerns by including the earner's email address in the badge and proving a verifiable link back to the issuer.
383:
A double-loop learning process for the implementation of digital badges is recommended (Shields & Chugh, 2017). Inclusion of range of stakeholders at the design, implementation and review stages is recommended.
345:
Seal of
Approval" provides this in non-digital formats, but there are similar indicators of trust, for example, that indicate best practices in e-commerce. Sometimes such badges are indicators of awards, like the
227:
By 2013, over 1,450 organizations were issuing Open Badges and
Mozilla's partnership with Chicago had grown into the Cities of Learning Initiative, an opportunity to apply CSOL's success across the country.
354:. Open Badges differ from more basic digital badges in that they allow an earner to represent, verify, and communicate their skills, interests and achievements across a wide array of learning systems.
943:
220:
to launch The
Chicago Summer of Learning (CSOL), a badges initiative to keep local youth aged four to 24 active and engaged during the summer. Institutions and organizations like
40:(also known as ebadges, or singularly as ebadge) are a validated indicator of accomplishment, skill, quality or interest that can be earned in various learning environments.
181:
The use of digital badges as credentials remained largely under the radar until 2011, following the release of "An Open Badge System
Framework", a white paper authored by
77:
to reward users for accomplishing certain tasks. In 2005, Microsoft introduced the Xbox 360 Gamerscore system, which is considered to be the original implementation of an
1205:
957:
224:, MOUSE and the U.K.-based DigitalME adopted badges, and Mozilla saw international interest in badging programs from Australia and Italy to China and Scotland.
1474:
326:
camaraderie, team synthesis, and communities of practice". Badges quantify the soft skills of teamwork that are pivotal to success in many professions today.
189:. In the paper, badges are explained as "a symbol or indicator of an accomplishment, skill, quality or interest," with examples of badge systems used by the
293:
Some digital badge platforms allow organizations to create, issue, earn and display digital badges on members' websites, social media pages, and resumes.
733:
526:
1302:
856:
242:
spin off, Collective Shift - a nonprofit devoted to redesigning social systems for a connected world. Later that year, Collective Shift partnered with
705:
93:
63:
While physical badges have been in use for hundreds of years, the idea of digital badges is a relatively recent development drawn from research into
1104:
302:
traditional, formalized academic pathway. Badges highlight and recognize skills and knowledge that come from personal initiative and investigation.
1616:
1279:
449:
286:
are used in non-game contexts to encourage learning. Gibbons (2020) identified 13 roles for digital open badges in a higher education setting.
935:
1449:
1232:
687:
916:
661:
581:
1430:
1396:
100:
creating badges to certify learning. Many instructional sites such as P2PU and Khan Academy make use of a digital badging system.
209:
to create and build a common system for the issuance, collection, and display of digital badges on multiple instructional sites.
1646:
1052:
119:, HASTAC administers the Badges for Lifelong Learning Competition, which awarded funds to thirty organizations in March 2012.
1130:
880:
411:
387:
1209:
1678:
1412:
1344:"New and Alternative Assessments, Digital Badges, and Civics: An Overview of Emerging Themes and Promising Directions"
958:"IMS Global, Mozilla Foundation, and LRNG Announce Next Steps to Accelerate the Evolution of the Open Badges Standard"
265:
In late 2018, Mozilla announced that it would retire the Mozilla Backpack (see below) and migrate all users to Badgr.
1485:
364:
313:
used Open Badges to launch a world-wide training initiative and saw dramatic increases in employee participation.
1766:
359:
1085:
1030:
409:
Digital badges are seen as a potential challenger to the dominant paradigm of diplomas in higher education. The
1343:
750:
275:
729:
1254:
1771:
812:
772:
996:
The Gamification of Learning and Instruction: Game-based Methods and Strategies for Training and Education
194:
1108:
838:
1624:
1138:
205:
Later in 2011, the Mozilla Foundation announced their plan to develop an open technical standard called
190:
68:
57:
898:
709:
423:
247:
239:
112:
259:
206:
128:
1509:
1708:
1570:
1550:
1368:
642:
587:
351:
186:
78:
509:
341:
Sometimes digital badges are used to recognize quality or provide for community approval. The "
140:
1597:
613:
609:
577:
438:
415:
notes that more and more online educational websites are adopting badges to mark achievement.
342:
221:
1562:
634:
569:
116:
31:
1400:
1151:
737:
217:
73:
857:"MacArthur Spins Off Digital Media & Learning Work with $ 25 Million Seed Investment"
60:
to give members a physical emblem to display the accomplishment of various achievements.
1392:
1015:
The Role, Implementation and Impact of Digital Open Badges on a Civil Engineering Degree
794:
283:
243:
1760:
1653:
1574:
1059:
960:(Press release). Lake Mary, Florida: IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. 2016-10-28.
646:
391:
Double-loop learning process with digital badges (Shields & Chugh, 2017, pg 1822)
591:
368:
64:
53:
1580:
1566:
1553:(2012). "A genealogy of badges: Inherited meaning and monstrous moral hybrids".
917:"IEEE Consortium for Learning Engineering is Attracting Leading Charter Members"
488:
330:
279:
104:
1186:
638:
566:
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
1303:"Recognizing, Supporting, and Attracting Adult Learners with Digital Badges"
612:?’, Education and Information Technologies, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1817–1824,
573:
564:
Jones, Julie; Altadonna, Nathan (2012). "We don't need no stinkin' badges".
89:
1686:
1751:
1528:
936:"IMS Global Learning Consortium's Commitment to Open Badges for Education"
17:
625:
Baker, Eva L. (2007). "2007 Presidential Address—The End(s) of Testing".
246:
to develop Open Badges 2.0. That same year, Concentric Sky launched the
213:
an early working paper created by Mozilla and the MacArthur Foundation.
1369:"'Badges' Earned Online Pose Challenge to Traditional College Diplomas"
1280:"Some Things about Assessment that Badge Developers Might Find Helpful"
975:
539:
347:
238:
In 2015, the Badge Alliance spun out of Mozilla and became a part of
108:
306:
displaying pathways for learning, and improving social connections.
67:. As game elements, badges have been used by organizations such as
52:
have been used for many years by various organizations such as the
1745:
386:
49:
1740:
458:
333:
to spur collaboration and resource sharing in their communities.
216:
In 2012, Mozilla launched Open Badges 1.0 and partnered with the
1529:"Do We Need an Online Trophy Case For Our Digital Achievements?"
604:
602:
232:
198:
182:
1013:
1709:"'Digital Badges' Would Represent Students' Skill Acquisition"
1450:"Open Badges Transform the Higher Education and Labor Markets"
310:
1165:
976:"Badges in Social Media: A Social Psychological Perspective"
730:"Badges For Lifelong Learning Competition Winners Announced"
448:
422:
One website utilizing badges for alternative credentials is
453:
Showing a user's group of badges from the Mozilla Backpack.
1233:"Open Badges Transform Higher Education and Labor Markets"
1729:
1617:"Digital Badges For Learning in the Classroom and Beyond"
1187:"Track your skills and make your mark in open education"
662:"Basno Awards Virtual Badges for NYC Marathon Finishers"
254:
to serve as a reference implementation for Open Badges.
152:
457:
Mozilla originally made available a service called the
1131:"Open Badges at IBM: Overview for external audiences"
540:"Merit Badges, Past and Present, And Their Evolution"
1273:
1271:
1086:"TripAdvisor begins handing out badges to reviewers"
1734:
251:
161:
147:
874:
872:
870:
1206:"Do you need Trust Icons on your ecommerce site?"
1413:"The Emerging World of Alternative Credentials"
839:"Mozilla's Continued Commitment to Open Badges"
833:
831:
829:
1652:. EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative. Archived from
329:Open Badges are used by organizations such as
1591:
1589:
103:In September 2011, US Secretary of Education
8:
1645:Carla Casilli; Erin Knight (June 11, 2012).
133:
1253:Knight, Erin; Casilli, Carla (2 May 2012).
1053:"7 Things you should know about... BADGES"
1007:
1005:
974:Antin, Judd; Churchill, Elizabeth (2011).
527:Badges and decorations of the Soviet Union
132:
660:Myers, Courtney Boyd (November 7, 2011).
94:American Educational Research Association
1555:Information, Communication & Society
969:
967:
1647:"7 Things You Should Know About Badges"
1621:Spotlight on Digital Media and Learning
751:"Master a new skill? Here's your badge"
500:
1596:Resnick, Mitchel (February 27, 2012).
1527:van Grove, Jennifer (April 14, 2011).
1147:
1136:
795:"Mozilla Launches Open Badges Project"
1323:Mora, M.C. et al. (2012), p. 734
749:Watters, Audrey (September 8, 2011).
610:Digital badges – rewards for learning
7:
608:Shields, R. & Chugh, R, 2017, ‘
1737:(Inheritor of the Mozilla Backpack)
1301:Hickey, Daniel (20 November 2012).
1255:"Case Study 6: Mozilla Open Badges"
940:IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc
813:"Open Badges for Lifelong Learning"
115:, with additional support from the
1475:"Open Badges for Higher Education"
1332:Kelly-Riley, D. (2007), p. 30
1105:"Are Extrinsic Rewards Dangerous?"
1018:(edd thesis). The Open University.
946:from the original on 7 March 2016.
905:. Concentric Sky. 27 October 2015.
881:"An Update on Badges and Backpack"
793:Surman, Mark (15 September 2011).
706:"DML Competition event transcript"
688:"Credentials, the Next Generation"
25:
514:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1752:Chicago City of Learning Project
1679:"Digital Badges vs. Open Badges"
1367:Young, Jeffery R. (2012-01-08).
1278:Hickey, Daniel (18 March 2012).
1103:Ventrice, Tony (June 11, 2012).
1084:Schaal, Dennis (June 14, 2011).
773:"An Open Badge System Framework"
379:Implementation of Digital Badges
139:
430:Representations of competencies
1431:"Digital Badging for Veterans"
934:Abel, Rob (16 February 2016).
923:. edCircuit. 30 December 2017.
686:Kilb, Sam (November 4, 2011).
614:doi: 10.1007/s10639-016-9521-x
508:Carey, Kevin (April 8, 2012).
231:In 2014, Mozilla launched the
107:, announced the launch of the
1:
1615:Herron, Kelsey (2012-06-21).
1510:"What is a Mozilla Backpack?"
1373:Chronicle of Higher Education
1208:. jldcreative. Archived from
1012:Gibbons, Wayne (2020-03-17).
412:Chronicle of Higher Education
134:Mozilla's Open Badges Project
1707:Ash, Katie (June 13, 2012).
1567:10.1080/1369118X.2011.641992
1107:. Badgeville. Archived from
1448:Knight, Erin (2013-04-17).
1231:Knight, Erin (2013-04-17).
1029:Knight, Erin (2012-10-22).
879:Surman, Mark (2018-08-15).
365:Massive online open courses
27:Indicator of accomplishment
1788:
1746:MozillaWiki on Open Badges
1393:"Digital Education Badges"
1031:"Assessing Digital Badges"
337:Recognition and assessment
126:
29:
1399:January 16, 2014, at the
544:Henning's Scouters' Pages
510:"A Future Full of Badges"
360:transformative assessment
317:Motivation to collaborate
297:Motivation to participate
138:
998:. John Wiley & Sons.
639:10.3102/0013189X07307970
445:Aggregation and exchange
396:Digital badging software
276:gamification of learning
30:Not to be confused with
1598:"Still a Badge Skeptic"
736:March 15, 2012, at the
574:10.1145/2145204.2145244
405:Alternative credentials
92:, the President of the
1417:Higher Education Today
1146:Cite journal requires
627:Educational Researcher
454:
392:
183:Peer 2 Peer University
167:; 12 years ago
165:15 September 2011
44:Origin and development
1342:Sullivan, Felicia M.
899:"Badgr Server Readme"
452:
390:
58:Boy Scouts of America
48:Traditional physical
861:MacArthur Foundation
712:on February 23, 2012
568:. pp. 249–252.
435:change, and evolve.
240:MacArthur Foundation
113:MacArthur Foundation
1741:Open Badge Passport
1551:Halavais, Alexander
994:Kapp, Karl (2012).
135:
129:Mozilla Open Badges
123:Open Badge standard
1713:Digital Directions
1683:The Badge Alliance
1437:. 7 December 2012.
455:
393:
187:Mozilla Foundation
79:achievement system
1482:Pearson Education
1419:. 1 October 2013.
1305:. The Evolllution
1212:on March 22, 2012
1204:Levins, William.
1166:"FAQ Open Badges"
1033:. The Evolllution
863:. 6 October 2015.
822:. 27 August 2012.
439:Pearson Education
343:Good Housekeeping
222:Purdue University
179:
178:
16:(Redirected from
1779:
1767:Internet culture
1717:
1716:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1685:. Archived from
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1659:on June 15, 2013
1658:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1623:. Archived from
1612:
1606:
1605:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1484:. Archived from
1479:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:INSIDE Higher Ed
1427:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1111:on June 16, 2012
1100:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1058:. Archived from
1057:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1000:
999:
991:
985:
983:
971:
962:
961:
954:
948:
947:
931:
925:
924:
913:
907:
906:
895:
889:
888:
876:
865:
864:
853:
847:
846:
835:
824:
823:
817:
809:
803:
802:
799:The Mozilla Blog
790:
784:
783:
777:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
753:. O'Reilly Radar
746:
740:
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
708:. Archived from
702:
696:
695:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
657:
651:
650:
622:
616:
606:
597:
595:
561:
555:
554:
552:
550:
538:Henning, Steve.
535:
529:
524:
518:
517:
505:
459:Mozilla Backpack
175:
173:
168:
157:
154:
143:
136:
117:Gates Foundation
32:electronic badge
21:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1757:
1756:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1454:The Evolllution
1447:
1446:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1401:Wayback Machine
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1145:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1065:on 15 June 2013
1062:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1010:
1003:
993:
992:
988:
973:
972:
965:
956:
955:
951:
933:
932:
928:
915:
914:
910:
897:
896:
892:
878:
877:
868:
855:
854:
850:
837:
836:
827:
815:
811:
810:
806:
792:
791:
787:
775:
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
748:
747:
743:
738:Wayback Machine
728:
724:
715:
713:
704:
703:
699:
685:
684:
680:
670:
668:
659:
658:
654:
624:
623:
619:
607:
600:
584:
563:
562:
558:
548:
546:
537:
536:
532:
525:
521:
507:
506:
502:
497:
485:
468:
447:
432:
424:Badges for Vets
419:opportunities.
407:
401:time and cost.
398:
381:
339:
319:
299:
271:
218:City of Chicago
171:
169:
166:
151:
131:
125:
74:Huffington Post
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1774:
1772:Computer icons
1769:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1724:External links
1722:
1719:
1718:
1699:
1670:
1637:
1607:
1585:
1561:(2): 354–373.
1542:
1531:. Mashable.com
1519:
1501:
1466:
1440:
1422:
1404:
1385:
1359:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1293:
1267:
1245:
1223:
1196:
1178:
1157:
1148:|journal=
1122:
1095:
1076:
1044:
1021:
1001:
986:
963:
949:
926:
908:
890:
866:
848:
825:
804:
785:
764:
741:
722:
697:
692:New York Times
678:
652:
633:(6): 309–317.
617:
598:
582:
556:
530:
519:
499:
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
484:
481:
467:
464:
446:
443:
431:
428:
406:
403:
397:
394:
380:
377:
352:Edublog Awards
338:
335:
318:
315:
298:
295:
284:game mechanics
270:
267:
244:Concentric Sky
233:Badge Alliance
177:
176:
163:
159:
158:
149:
145:
144:
127:Main article:
124:
121:
45:
42:
38:Digital badges
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1784:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1689:on 2020-06-09
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1627:on 2013-06-13
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:draft version
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1491:on 2021-01-26
1487:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1140:
1133:. 2016-02-17.
1132:
1126:
1123:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
990:
987:
981:
977:
970:
968:
964:
959:
953:
950:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
922:
921:edcircuit.com
918:
912:
909:
904:
900:
894:
891:
886:
882:
875:
873:
871:
867:
862:
858:
852:
849:
844:
840:
834:
832:
830:
826:
821:
814:
808:
805:
800:
796:
789:
786:
781:
774:
768:
765:
752:
745:
742:
739:
735:
731:
726:
723:
711:
707:
701:
698:
693:
689:
682:
679:
667:
663:
656:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
621:
618:
615:
611:
605:
603:
599:
593:
589:
585:
583:9781450310864
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
557:
545:
541:
534:
531:
528:
523:
520:
515:
511:
504:
501:
494:
490:
487:
486:
482:
480:
476:
472:
465:
463:
460:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
429:
427:
425:
420:
416:
414:
413:
404:
402:
395:
389:
385:
378:
376:
372:
370:
369:e-assessments
366:
361:
355:
353:
349:
344:
336:
334:
332:
327:
323:
316:
314:
312:
307:
303:
296:
294:
291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
268:
266:
263:
261:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
229:
225:
223:
219:
214:
210:
208:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
164:
160:
156:
150:
146:
142:
137:
130:
122:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
95:
91:
86:
82:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
43:
41:
39:
33:
19:
1748:(Historical)
1712:
1702:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:the original
1682:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1654:the original
1640:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:the original
1620:
1610:
1601:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1504:
1493:. Retrieved
1486:the original
1481:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1337:
1328:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1258:. Retrieved
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:the original
1199:
1190:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1160:
1139:cite journal
1125:
1115:November 21,
1113:. Retrieved
1109:the original
1098:
1089:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1060:the original
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1024:
1014:
995:
989:
979:
952:
939:
929:
920:
911:
902:
893:
884:
860:
851:
843:Webmaker.org
842:
819:
807:
798:
788:
779:
767:
757:November 21,
755:. Retrieved
744:
725:
714:. Retrieved
710:the original
700:
691:
681:
669:. Retrieved
666:The Next Web
665:
655:
630:
626:
620:
565:
559:
547:. Retrieved
543:
533:
522:
513:
503:
477:
473:
469:
456:
437:
433:
421:
417:
410:
408:
399:
382:
373:
367:(MOOCs) and
356:
340:
328:
324:
320:
308:
304:
300:
292:
288:
272:
264:
256:
237:
230:
226:
215:
211:
204:
180:
102:
98:
87:
83:
72:
65:gamification
62:
54:Russian Army
47:
37:
36:
1730:Open Badges
1514:Mozilla.org
1191:OER Commons
820:Mozilla.org
780:Mozilla.org
671:October 11,
489:Microdegree
331:OER Commons
280:game design
248:open source
207:Open Badges
195:Girl Scouts
105:Arne Duncan
85:learning".
1761:Categories
1693:2016-04-27
1631:2013-06-03
1495:2016-04-27
1090:Phocuswire
716:2013-03-15
495:References
278:, whereby
260:IMS Global
191:Boy Scouts
172:2011-09-15
153:openbadges
69:Foursquare
18:Game badge
1575:142802836
1535:March 23,
1216:March 23,
647:144035267
466:Criticism
309:In 2016,
269:Functions
90:Eva Baker
88:In 2007,
1397:Archived
1378:23 March
1282:. HASTAC
980:Chi 2011
944:Archived
734:Archived
592:16739008
483:See also
250:project
185:and the
162:Launched
56:and the
1663:June 3,
549:2 April
348:Webbies
170: (
1602:HASTAC
1573:
1459:3 June
1352:2 June
1309:31 May
1286:31 May
1260:3 June
1238:31 May
1171:31 May
1069:31 May
1037:31 May
903:Github
885:Medium
645:
590:
580:
109:HASTAC
50:badges
1735:Badgr
1657:(PDF)
1650:(PDF)
1571:S2CID
1489:(PDF)
1478:(PDF)
1347:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
643:S2CID
588:S2CID
252:Badgr
1665:2013
1537:2012
1461:2013
1380:2012
1354:2013
1311:2013
1288:2013
1262:2013
1240:2013
1218:2012
1173:2013
1152:help
1117:2012
1071:2013
1039:2013
759:2012
673:2013
578:ISBN
551:2012
282:and
199:PADI
193:and
155:.org
71:and
1563:doi
635:doi
570:doi
350:or
311:IBM
148:URL
1763::
1711:.
1681:.
1619:.
1600:.
1588:^
1583:).
1569:.
1559:15
1557:.
1512:.
1480:.
1452:.
1433:.
1415:.
1395:.
1371:.
1270:^
1189:.
1143::
1141:}}
1137:{{
1088:.
1004:^
978:.
966:^
942:.
938:.
919:.
901:.
883:.
869:^
859:.
841:.
828:^
818:.
797:.
778:.
732:.
690:.
664:.
641:.
631:36
629:.
601:^
586:.
576:.
542:.
512:.
262:.
197:,
81:.
1715:.
1696:.
1667:.
1634:.
1604:.
1579:(
1577:.
1565::
1539:.
1516:.
1498:.
1463:.
1382:.
1356:.
1313:.
1290:.
1264:.
1242:.
1220:.
1193:.
1175:.
1154:)
1150:(
1119:.
1092:.
1073:.
1041:.
984:.
982:.
887:.
845:.
801:.
782:.
761:.
719:.
694:.
675:.
649:.
637::
596:.
594:.
572::
553:.
516:.
174:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
