43:
520:“All wild geese, wild swans, brant, wild ducks, plover, woodcock, rail, wild pigeons, and all other migratory game and insectivorous birds which in their northern and southern migrations pass through or do not remain permanently the entire year within the borders of any State or Territory, shall hereafter be deemed to be within the custody and protection of the Government of the United States, and shall not be destroyed or taken contrary to regulations hereinafter provided therefor. The Department of Agriculture is hereby authorized and directed to adopt suitable regulations to give effect to the previous paragraph.”
488:, colonists who were concerned about the decline in populations of game animals struggled to find effective ways to protect them. Probably the earliest law on the subject was adopted by the town of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, in 1646, which closed the hunting season for deer "from the first of May till the first of November; and if any shall shoot a deere within that time he shall forfeit five pounds." Several other colonies passed similar ordinances before 1720. However, there was no effective enforcement of these early restrictions. Much later, a law passed in
1961:
441:
shillings a year, or clergyman under ÂŁ10 a year, were forbidden from keeping greyhounds, hounds, other hunting dogs, and any other hunting equipment. The preamble to the Act states that commoners tended to poach on Holy Days when their superiors attended church and that these gatherings encouraged social unrest.
440:
A certain rank and standing, or the possession of a certain amount of property, were for a long time necessary to confer upon anyone the right of pursuing and killing game. The first game qualification law was instituted in 1389 under
Richard II. It stated that anyone without lands or tenements of 40
512:
Congress then came to adopt the theory that the migratory birds, being in most cases mere travelers across states, were not local residents nor state property, but belonged to the people at large; and if they were to be saved to the people the national authority must intervene. Therefore, Congress
508:
certain powers, by which, among other provisions, no importation of wild animals could be made without a permit from
Secretary of Agriculture. Many important additions and amendments to the Federal laws were passed during the succeeding 10 years, all tending to protect game and game birds in their
492:
in 1817, established closed seasons for certain animals shot as game. Eventually wild game, whether of forest, field or stream, became perhaps better protected than in any other country in the world. All states passed game laws of their own. Nearly every state instituted a game and fish commission
475:
did greatly mitigate the game laws: the necessity for any qualification except the possession of a game certificate was abolished, and the right was given to anyone to kill game on their own land, or on that of another with permission.
771:
Peter Cook, 'The "Prerogative
Property" Basis of the English Game Law System' in Brian W. Harvey, Frank Meisel, Peter J Cook (eds.), Property and Protection: Essays in Honour of Brian W. Harvey, Bloomsbury Academic, 2000,
452:. These new laws heightened property value thresholds for keeping game hunting animals and instruments. It also introduced qualifications specifically relating to deer, rabbits, pheasants, and partridges.
991:
710:
665:
523:
The most important effect of this law — and a very far-reaching benefit — was the stoppage of the shooting of wild fowl in the spring, which was especially prevalent in the
139:
509:
natural state without interfering with the importation of birds' eggs or animals for breeding purposes. During 1910 there was an increase in these importations.
159:
898:
717:
650:
596:
449:
308:
741:
696:
392:
Hunters, fishermen and lawmakers generally agree that the purposes of such laws is to balance the needs for preservation and harvest and to manage both
505:
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144:
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42:
1814:
836:
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57:
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149:
134:
955:
1985:
1507:
1342:
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1831:
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294:
1379:
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185:
77:
1364:
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222:
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20:
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357:
262:
227:
514:
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1870:
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1352:
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566:
72:
859:
1928:
1836:
1824:
1714:
1667:
1475:
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413:
393:
210:
190:
98:
1938:
1923:
1853:
1809:
1699:
1285:
1190:
945:
561:
463:, both still in force in modified form, and still more their predecessors, such as the notorious
405:
397:
175:
93:
1910:
1374:
1280:
1253:
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1050:
986:
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690:
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497:
237:
67:
34:
1860:
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1802:
1689:
1587:
1119:
1023:
907:
385:
361:
267:
1877:
1843:
1729:
1709:
1619:
1268:
1234:
1168:
965:
950:
591:
401:
62:
806:
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437:, it was as great a crime to kill one of the king's deer as to kill one of his subjects.
1918:
1865:
1775:
1694:
1679:
1674:
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1514:
1310:
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1241:
1075:
445:
337:
252:
1979:
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1110:
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639:
581:
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113:
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1305:
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108:
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1386:
1263:
1229:
1217:
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333:
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1212:
1144:
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1055:
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541:
472:
205:
180:
103:
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1460:
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1315:
1134:
1129:
1036:
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464:
368:
195:
527:. Because of a constitutional weakness, this act was later replaced by the
1897:
1465:
1332:
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1156:
1149:
1139:
1070:
1044:
1040:
1032:
606:
468:
282:
247:
242:
215:
788:. London: W. Strahan, M Woodfall, Law-Printers to the King. p. 225.
761:. London: W. Strahan, M Woodfall, Law-Printers to the King. p. 224.
654:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 440.
1765:
1561:
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325:
200:
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of game and fish. Game laws can provide a legal structure to collect
876:
433:, which in the time of the Norman kings were very oppressive. Under
374:
Restricting species, sex and age of animals allowed to be harvested;
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1487:
1413:
1200:
1592:
1448:
1443:
1423:
1297:
1248:
1092:
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341:
329:
880:
1551:
1195:
429:
In Great
Britain the game laws have developed out of the
412:
efforts as well as to obtain harvest information used in
21:
Video game controversy § Regulation of video games
785:
The
Justice of the Peace, and Parish Officer, Volume 2
758:
The
Justice of the Peace, and Parish Officer, Volume 2
444:
The game qualifications were further elaborated under
352:). The scope of game laws can include the following:
1896:
1754:
1635:
1495:
1486:
1296:
1091:
1004:
974:
923:
914:
356:Restricting the days to harvest fish or game (i.e.
892:
302:
8:
381:where hunting is allowed to take place, and;
831:. Boone and Crockett Club. pp. 39–40.
597:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
344:(although the latter often comes under the
1758:
1492:
920:
899:
885:
877:
309:
295:
25:
631:
506:United States Department of Agriculture
328:which regulate the right to pursue and
167:
126:
85:
49:
33:
740:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
733:
695:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
688:
467:of 1723, enacted savage penalties for
140:International environmental agreements
852:
850:
848:
19:For laws regulating video games, see
7:
799:
797:
795:
471:. But the Game Act installed under
160:Supranational environmental agencies
496:A national game law, known as the
14:
857:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
804:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
529:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
1960:
1959:
829:An American Crusade for Wildlife
484:During the early history of the
384:Limiting the weapons, gears and
41:
58:Environmental impact assessment
455:Game laws such as the British
273:Right to a healthy environment
1:
145:Environmental laws by country
925:Pollution / quality
860:"Birds, Protection of"
612:Species affected by poaching
493:and numerous game wardens.
2002:
513:passed (4 March 1913) the
18:
1955:
1761:
1496:Types / location
827:Trefethen, James (1975).
517:, the gist of which was:
278:War and environmental law
186:Climate change litigation
78:Environmental cleanup law
525:Mississippi River Valley
223:Environmental personhood
155:Environmental ministries
651:Encyclopædia Britannica
577:Fox hunting legislation
457:Night Poaching Act 1828
16:Regulations for hunting
866:Encyclopedia Americana
813:Encyclopedia Americana
782:Burn, Richard (1772).
755:Burn, Richard (1772).
408:which is used to fund
150:Environmental lawsuits
135:Environmental journals
602:Opposition to hunting
547:Conservation movement
504:in 1900, gave to the
435:William the Conqueror
263:Public trust doctrine
228:Environmental justice
86:Natural resources law
50:Pollution control law
1871:remnant natural area
1508:storage and recovery
1174:habitat conservation
992:Deforestation (REDD)
567:Fisheries management
73:Waste management law
1986:Hunting legislation
1825:Earth Overshoot Day
1399:Marine conservation
1380:non-timber products
619:Wildlife management
414:wildlife management
211:Environmental crime
191:Earth jurisprudence
127:Reference materials
99:Water resources law
29:Part of a series on
1810:Ecosystem services
933:Ambient standards
562:Federal Duck Stamp
176:Administrative law
94:Species protection
1973:
1972:
1951:
1950:
1750:
1749:
1429:genetic resources
1365:genetic resources
1000:
999:
908:Natural resources
807:"Game Laws"
645:"Game Laws"
557:Environmental law
388:that can be used.
369:number of animals
338:games or quarries
332:certain kinds of
319:
318:
238:International law
68:Water quality law
35:Environmental law
1993:
1963:
1962:
1914:
1861:Natural heritage
1820:overexploitation
1759:
1493:
1439:herbal medicines
1419:FAO Plant Treaty
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936:
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729:
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716:. Archived from
715:
707:
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694:
686:
684:
683:
677:
671:. Archived from
670:
662:
656:
655:
647:
636:
515:Weeks–McLean Act
500:, passed by the
377:Restricting the
367:Restricting the
311:
304:
297:
268:Rights of nature
45:
26:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1995:
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1976:
1975:
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1947:
1912:
1892:
1878:Systems ecology
1844:Natural capital
1746:
1631:
1620:reclaimed water
1482:
1444:UPOV Convention
1292:
1087:
996:
970:
966:Ozone depletion
957:
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711:"Archived copy"
709:
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687:
681:
679:
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668:
666:"Archived copy"
664:
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659:
638:
637:
633:
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623:
592:Hunting license
537:
482:
427:
422:
404:fees and other
315:
63:Air quality law
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1967:
1956:
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1913:(perpetuation)
1908:
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1900:
1894:
1893:
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1885:
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1874:
1873:
1866:Nature reserve
1863:
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1372:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:climate change
1335:
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1319:
1318:
1311:Bioprospecting
1308:
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956:Clean Air Act
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642:, ed. (1911).
640:Chisholm, Hugh
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362:closed seasons
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181:Bankruptcy law
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168:Related topics
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1998:
1987:
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1983:
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1966:
1958:
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1944:
1943:Non-renewable
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1932:
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1883:Urban ecology
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1715:Privatization
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1613:
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1610:Surface water
1608:
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1603:
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1941: /
1815:Exploitation
1700:Conservation
1643:Desalination
1578:
1471:conservation
1391:
1306:Biodiversity
1254:conservation
1101:Agricultural
1029:Fossil fuels
864:
828:
822:
811:
784:
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767:
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725:. Retrieved
718:the original
705:
680:. Retrieved
673:the original
660:
649:
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522:
519:
511:
495:
483:
454:
443:
439:
428:
410:conservation
391:
346:jurisdiction
334:wild animals
321:
320:
258:Property law
118:
109:Forestry law
1934:Nationalism
1906:Common-pool
1547:Hydrosphere
1540:remediation
1525:Groundwater
1120:Degradation
431:forest laws
398:populations
394:environment
371:per person;
1929:Extraction
1888:Wilderness
1849:accounting
1832:Management
1798:ecological
1786:tragedy of
1705:Peak water
1690:Efficiency
1663:Sanitation
1605:Stormwater
1598:harvesting
1574:Irrigation
1476:management
1434:gene banks
1375:management
1353:management
1269:resilience
1235:phosphorus
1191:industrial
1169:Management
1145:soundscape
1051:Geothermal
727:2007-01-07
682:2007-01-07
626:References
542:Common law
473:William IV
450:Charles II
416:practice.
386:techniques
206:Energy law
104:Mining law
1939:Renewable
1924:Depletion
1911:Conflict
1793:Economics
1771:enclosure
1730:Resources
1710:Pollution
1627:Watershed
1530:pollution
1461:Seed bank
1456:Rangeland
1338:Fisheries
1323:Biosphere
1316:biopiracy
1259:fertility
1135:cityscape
1130:Landscape
1037:peak coal
1024:Resources
975:Emissions
552:Enclosure
498:Lacey Act
465:Black Act
448:and then
322:Game laws
196:Earth law
1980:Category
1965:Category
1898:Resource
1837:adaptive
1735:improved
1695:Conflict
1680:Security
1675:Scarcity
1668:improved
1658:Leaching
1535:recharge
1515:Drinking
1466:Wildlife
1333:Bushmeat
1328:Bushfood
1281:planning
1186:gemstone
1181:Minerals
1162:property
1150:viewshed
1140:seascape
1071:sunlight
1045:peak oil
1041:peak gas
736:cite web
691:cite web
607:Poaching
535:See also
469:poaching
326:statutes
283:Wild law
248:Land use
243:Land law
216:poaching
119:Game law
1766:Commons
1755:Related
1720:Quality
1636:Aspects
1562:glacial
1503:Aquifer
1409:Pasture
1360:Forests
1286:reserve
1061:Nuclear
1031: (
987:Trading
982:Airshed
587:Hunting
572:Fishing
446:James I
420:History
402:license
201:Ecocide
1776:global
1740:policy
1685:Supply
1648:Floods
1615:Sewage
1588:Marine
1580:huerta
1414:Plants
1404:Meadow
1264:health
1242:rights
1230:copper
1208:mining
1106:arable
1006:Energy
946:Indoor
835:
379:region
340:) and
1919:Curse
1725:Right
1567:polar
1557:bergs
1520:Fresh
1488:Water
1201:metal
1125:Field
1076:shade
1066:Solar
1056:Hydro
941:Index
721:(PDF)
714:(PDF)
676:(PDF)
669:(PDF)
406:money
1854:good
1803:land
1781:land
1593:Rain
1449:wood
1424:food
1387:Game
1298:Life
1249:Soil
1225:peak
1218:sand
1093:Land
1083:Wind
958:(US)
935:(US)
833:ISBN
742:link
697:link
459:and
396:and
360:and
358:open
342:fish
330:hunt
324:are
1653:Law
1552:Ice
1392:law
1370:law
1348:law
1276:Use
1213:law
1196:ore
1157:Law
1033:gas
1019:Law
1014:Bio
951:Law
916:Air
772:110
348:of
1982::
1043:,
1039:,
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