33:
55:
1076:
473:
561:
1883:
Hennicke, F., Z. Cheikh-Ali, T. Liebisch, J.G. Maciá-Vicente, H.B. Bode, and M. Piepenbring. 2016. “Distinguishing commercially grown
Ganoderma lucidum from Ganoderma lingzhi from Europe and East Asia on the basis of morphology, molecular phylogeny, and triterpenic acid profiles.” Phytochemistry
884:
With the rise of molecular phylogenies in the late 20th century, species concept hypotheses were tested to determine the relatedness amongst the nuanced morphological variabilities of the laccate
892:
constructed a phylogeny of the rDNA, which was the universally accepted locus at that time, and found five major clades of the laccate species amongst the 29 isolates tested. It turned out that
912:
reject biological species complexes as a sole tool to distinguish a taxon, and suggested using a combination between biological and phylogenetic species concepts to define unique
1893:
Hapuarachchi, K., T. Wen, C. Deng, J. Kang, and K. Hyde. 2015. “Mycosphere Essays 1: Taxonomic
Confusion in the Ganoderma lucidum Species Complex.” Mycosphere 6:542–559.
1482:
Hibbett DS, Donoghue MJ. (1995). Progress toward a phylogenetic classification of the
Polyporaceae through parsimony analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences.
587:
either with or without a stem. The fruit bodies typically grow in a fan-like or hoof-like form on the trunks of living or dead trees. They have double-walled, truncate
2105:
1737:
Loyd, A. L; Held, B. W; Linder, E. R; Smith, J. A; Blanchette, R. A (2018). "Elucidating wood decomposition by four species of
Ganoderma from the United States".
2144:
2001:
644:
to include all species with pigmented spores, adhering tubes and laccate crusted pilei, which resulted with a total of 48 species classified under the genus
2225:
1146:
species are used in traditional medicine for supposed benefits and have been investigated for their potential effects in humans, there is no evidence from
943:. Nearly a century later, phylogenetic analyses vindicated Murrill's original placement, as it has shown to be a taxonomically distinct appropriate genus.
1323:"Re-Examination of the Holotype of Ganoderma sichuanense (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) and a Clarification of the Identity of Chinese Cultivated Lingzhi"
1047:. They can grow on both coniferous and hardwood species. They are white-rot fungi with enzymes that allow them to break down wood components, such as
2079:
1772:
1862:
1201:
1495:
Hibbett DS, Thorn RG. (2001). Basidiomycota: Homobasidiomycetes. The Mycota VII Part B. In: McLaughlin DJ, McLaughlin EG, Lemke PA, eds.
2182:
1705:
1300:
792:
in 1881. Members of the family
Ganodermataceae were traditionally considered difficult to classify because of the lack of reliable
1577:
complex based on ribosomal DNA sequences. Comparison with traditional taxonomic characters. Mycological
Research 99:1489-1499.
480:
1720:
Ling-Chie Wong, Choon-Fah J. Bong, A.S. Idris (2012) Ganoderma
Species Associated with Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm.
896:
was not a monophyletic species, and further work needed to be done to clarify this taxonomic problem. They also found that
2131:
2220:
1277:(Delignification, Mating Systems, Root Rot, Cultural Morphology, Taxonomy). Dissertation. The University of Arizona.
1685:
1216:
Karsten, P. 1881. Enumeratio
Boletinarum et Polyporarum Fennicarum systemate novo dispositorum. Rev. Mycol. 3:16-18
54:
935:) which had distinctive morphological features that did not fit in with the other species. Historically, however,
2149:
1044:
1002:
826:
analysis using DNA sequence information have helped to clarify our understanding of the relationships amongst
690:- A polypore with limited distribution in Europe and parts of China, often misidentified on products labelled
321:
335:
1697:
1147:
1020:
426:
384:
342:
272:
1954:
1525:
454:
391:
258:
209:
1776:
370:
870:
775:
412:
363:
328:
314:
307:
265:
1414:
Karsten PA. (1881). "Enumeratio
Boletinearum et Polyporearum Fennicarum, systemate novo dispositarum".
652:
in North
America in 1902, previous work had focused solely on European species including, for example,
447:
244:
2159:
2027:
1681:
1092:
845:
816:
793:
789:
670:
533:
398:
356:
216:
195:
188:
41:
2071:
1530:
174:
1014:
987:
983:
377:
349:
223:
181:
157:
32:
2215:
1826:
1663:
1543:
797:
433:
300:
251:
237:
202:
49:
1797:
Matos AJ, Bezerra RM, Dias AA (September 2007). "Screening of fungal isolates and properties of
800:, and the widespread misuse of names. Until recently, the genus was divided into two sections –
1464:
Ryvarden L. (1985). "Type studies in the Polyporaceae 17: species described by W. A. Murrill".
2167:
2110:
2014:
1934:
1858:
1818:
1754:
1701:
1551:
1362:
1344:
1197:
1080:
996:
862:
806:
731:
700:
686:
625:
580:
529:
461:
419:
405:
293:
286:
279:
230:
150:
2192:
2172:
1924:
1916:
1810:
1746:
1655:
1589:
Adaskaveg, J. E., and Gilbertson, R. L. 1986. Cultural studies and genetics of sexuality of
1535:
1446:
1352:
1334:
1029:
853:
747:
712:
708:
629:
440:
1296:
1100:
1025:
920:
679:
633:
521:
116:
1992:
2058:
1357:
1322:
1260:
Leys and some of its Allies from Europe and North America. Botanical Gazette 46:321-338.
2066:
1929:
1904:
1167:
1136:
1132:
1064:
636:
suspected was the reason for Karsten's division because only one species was included,
549:
96:
1380:
2209:
2006:
1814:
1395:
Hseu RS. (1989). "Ganoderma microsporum, a new species on weeping willow in Taiwan".
1154:
as a whole mushroom or its phytochemicals has effects in humans, such as in treating
1120:
956:
576:
86:
1830:
1075:
1920:
1172:
1128:
1060:
831:
823:
541:
142:
2019:
1750:
2136:
2092:
1986:
1055:. There has been significant research interest on the wood-degrading enzymes of
572:
106:
1977:
1852:
1848:
1516:
based on nearly complete mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences".
584:
1348:
608:
was established as a genus in 1881 by Karsten and included only one species,
540:
can be differentiated from other polypores because they have a double-walled
2053:
2040:
1690:
1052:
560:
66:
1938:
1822:
1758:
1555:
1366:
1286:
Murrill, W. A. 1908. Agaricales (Polyporaceae). North Amer. Flora 9:73-131.
1573:
Moncalvo, J.-M., Wang, H.-F., and Hseu, R.-S. 1995. Gene phylogeny of the
2118:
1971:
1801:
intended for olive mill wastewater decolourization and dephenolization".
1033:
1007:
768:
525:
517:
678:. An infestation of this species was the main factor in the loss of the
2084:
1667:
1547:
1339:
1124:
752:
133:
978:
species can cause major long-term crop losses, especially with trees:
904:', which Adaskaveg and Gilbertson found to be biologically compatible
2097:
1849:"Chapter 9 Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi)A Medicinal Mushroom"
1155:
1048:
76:
2123:
1948:
1659:
1539:
1450:
2045:
1074:
756:
588:
559:
513:
1321:
Du, Zhuo; Li, Yi; Wang, Xin-Cun; Wang, Ke; Yao, Yi-Jian (2023).
1230:
Murrill, W. A. 1902. The Polyporaceae of North America, genus I
1952:
1854:
Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition
2032:
1437:(Ganodermataceae) from the Australasian and Pacific regions".
1433:
Smith BJ, Sivasithamparam K (2003). "Morphological studies of
1095:
in many parts of Asia. These species are often mislabeled as '
467:
727:. A mushroom used extensively in traditional Asian medicine.
704:, because of the persistence of outdated naming conventions.
612:(Curtis) Karst. Previously, this taxon was characterized as
1905:"Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment"
779:- A polypore found in Taiwan with a very small spore size.
624:
was characterized by having a laccate (shiny or polished)
1499:. Berlin-Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. p 121–168.
1903:
Jin, X; Ruiz Beguerie, J; Sze, D. M; Chan, G. C (2016).
575:
that are large, perennial, woody brackets also called "
484:
1006:
are responsible for basal stem rot disease in Asian
1961:
1512:Hong SG, Jung HS (2004). "Phylogenetic analysis of
1192:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
1689:
648:in his 1889 monograph. Until Murrill investigated
1196:(10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 272.
962:/γάνος "brightness, sheen", hence "shining" and
620:(Curtis) Fr. (1821) (Karsten 1881). The species
830:species. The genus may now be divided into six
767:and a close relative, which typically grows on
1103:has shown this to be multiple species such as
591:with yellow to brown ornamented inner layers.
1059:species for industrial applications, such as
939:has generally been regarded as a synonym for
8:
1385:. (2004, February). Retrieved June 15, 2007.
1949:
1842:
1840:
524:that includes about 80 species, many from
31:
20:
1928:
1529:
1356:
1338:
1909:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1507:
1505:
1299:(Press release). The Anne Frank House.
1184:
1256:Atkinson, G. F. 1908. Observations on
796:characteristics, the overabundance of
640:. Patouillard revised Karsten's genus
1696:(Abridged ed.). United Kingdom:
1585:
1583:
1569:
1567:
1565:
908:, did not cluster together. Moncalvo
900:from Europe, and the North American '
7:
2160:8559321a-830b-4a8e-8ba3-e193ceb949e1
1722:American Journal of Applied Sciences
1234:. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29:599-608.
1226:
1224:
1222:
1024:are responsible for the root rot of
1597:in relation to the taxonomy of the
1303:from the original on 3 October 2006
2226:Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten
1773:"FBRI: New Enzymes for Biopulping"
1269:Adaskaveg, J. E. 1986. Studies of
927:to accommodate the single species
14:
1135:, an area of investigation under
804:, with a shiny cap surface (like
1857:. CRC Press Taylor and Francis.
1815:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02181.x
1247:. Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 5:64-80.
814:, with a dull cap surface (like
471:
53:
1243:Patouillard, N. 1889. Le genre
1043:are wood-decaying fungi with a
632:, and this is a character that
1921:10.1002/14651858.CD007731.pub3
1297:"Horse chestnut tree diseased"
1148:high-quality clinical research
1:
1847:Wachtel-Galor, Sissi (2011).
1403:(1). Chen ZC, Wang HH: 35–40.
919:In 1905, American mycologist
759:, giving it its common name,
1751:10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.006
1439:Australian Systematic Botany
1379:Kuo M., MushroomExpert.Com,
751:- A polypore which grows on
1601:complex. Mycologia:694-705.
1416:Revue mycologique, Toulouse
763:. Similar in appearance to
534:traditional Asian medicines
2242:
1727:: 879-885 (ISSN 1546-9239)
1123:with undefined properties
1091:species have been used in
528:regions. They have a high
1497:Systematics and evolution
1045:cosmopolitan distribution
654:G. lucidum, G. resinaceum
170:
165:
148:
141:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
888:taxa. In 1995, Moncalvo
322:Ganoderma miniatocinctum
1698:Oxford University Press
1692:A Greek-English Lexicon
1194:Dictionary of the Fungi
788:The genus was named by
616:Curtis (1781) and then
385:Ganoderma pseudoferreum
336:Ganoderma neo-japonicum
1084:
698:that actually contain
565:
427:Ganoderma steyaertanum
343:Ganoderma nigrolucidum
1803:Lett. Appl. Microbiol
1682:Liddell, Henry George
1638:Furtado JS. (1965). "
1611:Murrill WA. (1905). "
1115:. Several species of
1078:
923:delineated the genus
776:Ganoderma microsporum
761:hemlock varnish shelf
709:Ganoderma sichuanense
701:Ganoderma sichuanense
571:are characterized by
563:
544:. They may be called
413:Ganoderma sichuanense
329:Ganoderma multipileum
315:Ganoderma microsporum
308:Ganoderma meredithiae
273:Ganoderma incrassatum
1799:Ganoderma applanatum
1113:, and G. multipileum
1093:traditional medicine
955:is derived from the
674:- Also known as the
671:Ganoderma applanatum
520:fungi in the family
485:adding missing items
455:Ganoderma weberianum
392:Ganoderma resinaceum
357:Ganoderma oregonense
259:Ganoderma formosanum
217:Ganoderma applanatum
210:Ganoderma amboinense
42:Ganoderma applanatum
378:Ganoderma philippii
371:Ganoderma pfeifferi
350:Ganoderma orbiforme
224:Ganoderma boninense
182:Ganoderma annularis
2221:Polyporales genera
1642:and the status of
1640:Ganoderma colossum
1340:10.3390/jof9030323
1085:
933:Polyporus colossus
566:
564:Early growth stage
483:; you can help by
434:Ganoderma tornatum
364:Ganoderma purpurea
301:Ganoderma megaloma
266:Ganoderma gibbosum
252:Ganoderma curtisii
238:Ganoderma colossus
203:Ganoderma australe
16:Genus of mushroom
2203:
2202:
2168:Open Tree of Life
1955:Taxon identifiers
1864:978-1-4398-0713-2
1591:Ganoderma lucidum
1575:Ganoderma lucidum
1486:73(S1):S853–S861.
1271:Ganoderma lucidum
1258:Polyporus lucidus
1203:978-0-85199-826-8
1142:Although various
1081:Ganoderma lucidum
1003:G. miniatocinctum
807:Ganoderma lucidum
765:Ganoderma lucidum
732:Ganoderma sinense
687:Ganoderma lucidum
656:Boud. (1890) and
618:Polyporus lucidus
600:Taxonomic history
530:genetic diversity
505:
504:
501:
500:
462:Ganoderma zonatum
448:Ganoderma viridis
420:Ganoderma sinense
406:Ganoderma sessile
294:Ganoderma lucidum
287:Ganoderma lingzhi
280:Ganoderma lobatum
245:Ganoderma cupreum
231:Ganoderma brownii
160:) P.Karst. (1881)
151:Ganoderma lucidum
137:
2233:
2196:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2137:NBNSYS0000037048
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2074:
2062:
2061:
2049:
2048:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2010:
2009:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1775:. Archived from
1769:
1763:
1762:
1734:
1728:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1695:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1608:
1602:
1587:
1578:
1571:
1560:
1559:
1533:
1509:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1386:
1382:Ganoderma tsugae
1377:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1342:
1327:Journal of Fungi
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:Ganoderma tsugae
1267:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1189:
1119:contain diverse
1021:G. pseudoferreum
748:Ganoderma tsugae
735:- Also known as
719:- Also known as
532:and are used in
496:
493:
475:
474:
468:
441:Ganoderma tsugae
132:
58:
57:
35:
21:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2191:
2189:
2183:genus-ganoderma
2181:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2065:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1957:
1947:
1946:
1915:(4): CD007731.
1902:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1660:10.2307/3756901
1637:
1636:
1632:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1540:10.2307/3762108
1531:10.1.1.552.9501
1511:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1451:10.1071/SB02001
1432:
1431:
1427:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1378:
1374:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1164:
1133:polysaccharides
1101:genetic testing
1087:For centuries,
1073:
972:
966:/δέρμα "skin".
949:
931:(then known as
921:William Murrill
786:
680:Anne Frank Tree
666:
664:Notable species
614:Boletus lucidus
602:
597:
558:
546:shelf mushrooms
522:Ganodermataceae
497:
491:
488:
472:
399:Ganoderma rubra
196:Ganoderma aurea
189:Ganoderma atrum
161:
154:
131:
117:Ganodermataceae
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2164:
2154:
2141:
2128:
2115:
2102:
2089:
2076:
2063:
2050:
2037:
2024:
2011:
1998:
1983:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1895:
1886:
1876:
1863:
1836:
1789:
1764:
1745:(4): 254–263.
1739:Fungal Biology
1729:
1713:
1706:
1673:
1630:
1603:
1579:
1561:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1456:
1445:(4): 487–503.
1425:
1406:
1387:
1372:
1313:
1288:
1279:
1262:
1249:
1236:
1218:
1209:
1202:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1168:Ganoderic acid
1163:
1160:
1137:basic research
1121:phytochemicals
1105:G. sichuanense
1072:
1069:
1065:bioremediation
1038:
1037:
1011:
971:
968:
948:
945:
882:
881:
875:
871:G. meredithiae
867:
858:
850:
842:
785:
782:
781:
780:
772:
744:
728:
705:
683:
665:
662:
660:Boud. (1895).
601:
598:
596:
593:
557:
554:
503:
502:
499:
498:
478:
476:
466:
465:
458:
451:
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437:
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423:
416:
409:
402:
395:
388:
381:
374:
367:
360:
353:
346:
339:
332:
325:
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
227:
220:
213:
206:
199:
192:
185:
178:
175:Ganoderma alba
168:
167:
163:
162:
155:
146:
145:
139:
138:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
97:Agaricomycetes
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2238:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1779:on 2009-01-04
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1707:0-19-910207-4
1703:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1654:(6): 979–84.
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1524:(4): 742–55.
1523:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:triterpenoids
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:
993:
991:
986:
985:
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979:
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969:
967:
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961:
958:
954:
946:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:G. resinaceum
895:
891:
887:
879:
878:G. resinaceum
876:
873:
872:
868:
865:
864:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
847:
846:G. applanatum
843:
840:
837:
836:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
819:
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817:G. applanatum
813:
809:
808:
803:
799:
795:
794:morphological
791:
783:
778:
777:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:, especially
754:
750:
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745:
742:
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726:
722:
718:
716:
711:
710:
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703:
702:
697:
693:
689:
688:
684:
681:
677:
676:artist's conk
673:
672:
668:
667:
663:
661:
659:
658:G. valesiacum
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
599:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
562:
555:
553:
551:
550:bracket fungi
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:
495:
486:
482:
479:This list is
477:
470:
469:
464:
463:
459:
457:
456:
452:
450:
449:
445:
443:
442:
438:
436:
435:
431:
429:
428:
424:
422:
421:
417:
415:
414:
410:
408:
407:
403:
401:
400:
396:
394:
393:
389:
387:
386:
382:
380:
379:
375:
373:
372:
368:
366:
365:
361:
359:
358:
354:
352:
351:
347:
345:
344:
340:
338:
337:
333:
331:
330:
326:
324:
323:
319:
317:
316:
312:
310:
309:
305:
303:
302:
298:
296:
295:
291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
281:
277:
275:
274:
270:
268:
267:
263:
261:
260:
256:
254:
253:
249:
247:
246:
242:
240:
239:
235:
233:
232:
228:
226:
225:
221:
219:
218:
214:
212:
211:
207:
205:
204:
200:
198:
197:
193:
191:
190:
186:
184:
183:
179:
177:
176:
172:
171:
169:
164:
159:
153:
152:
147:
144:
140:
135:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Basidiomycota
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1962:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1889:
1879:
1868:. Retrieved
1853:
1809:(3): 270–5.
1806:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1767:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1691:
1686:Robert Scott
1676:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1624:
1620:
1617:Dendrophagus
1616:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1574:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1418:(in Latin).
1415:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1305:. Retrieved
1291:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1212:
1193:
1187:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:', although
1096:
1088:
1086:
1079:
1056:
1040:
1039:
1019:
1015:G. philippii
1013:
1010:plantations.
1001:
995:
990:G. boninense
989:
984:G. orbiforme
982:
975:
973:
963:
959:
952:
950:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
883:
877:
869:
861:
852:
844:
838:
832:monophyletic
827:
824:Phylogenetic
822:
815:
811:
805:
801:
787:
774:
764:
760:
746:
740:
737:black reishi
736:
730:
724:
720:
714:
707:
699:
695:
691:
685:
675:
669:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
603:
579:". They are
573:basidiocarps
568:
567:
545:
542:basidiospore
537:
508:
507:
506:
489:
460:
453:
446:
439:
432:
425:
418:
411:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
292:
285:
278:
271:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
222:
215:
208:
201:
194:
187:
180:
173:
149:
143:Type species
127:
126:
40:
24:
18:
2093:iNaturalist
1987:Wikispecies
1422:(9): 16–19.
929:G. colossus
839:G. colossus
581:lignicolous
556:Description
107:Polyporales
2210:Categories
1884:127:29–37.
1870:2017-02-22
1783:2008-11-15
1644:Tomophagus
1613:Tomophagus
1599:G. lucidum
1472:: 169–198.
1333:(3): 323.
1307:2006-11-17
1179:References
1173:Bolitherus
1127:, such as
1109:G. lingzhi
1097:G. lucidum
1061:biopulping
1028:, coffee,
997:G. zonatum
937:Tomophagus
925:Tomophagus
902:G. lucidum
894:G. lucidum
863:G. lucidum
715:G. lingzhi
638:G. lucidum
622:P. lucidus
610:G. lucidum
604:The genus
492:April 2018
481:incomplete
83:Division:
2216:Ganoderma
2054:FloraBase
1993:Ganoderma
1963:Ganoderma
1648:Mycologia
1595:G. tsugae
1526:CiteSeerX
1518:Mycologia
1514:Ganoderma
1484:Can J Bot
1466:Mycotaxon
1435:Ganoderma
1397:Mycotaxon
1349:2309-608X
1245:Ganoderma
1232:Ganoderma
1152:Ganoderma
1144:Ganoderma
1117:Ganoderma
1089:Ganoderma
1057:Ganoderma
1053:cellulose
1041:Ganoderma
1034:tea trees
976:Ganoderma
953:Ganoderma
951:The name
947:Etymology
941:Ganoderma
914:Ganoderma
886:Ganoderma
854:G. tsugae
828:Ganoderma
812:Elfvingia
802:Ganoderma
784:Phylogeny
769:hardwoods
650:Ganoderma
646:Ganoderma
642:Ganoderma
606:Ganoderma
569:Ganoderma
538:Ganoderma
509:Ganoderma
128:Ganoderma
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
25:Ganoderma
2119:MycoBank
2067:Fungorum
2007:60015394
2002:AusFungi
1978:Q1799774
1972:Wikidata
1939:27045603
1831:20255731
1823:17718838
1759:29551199
1688:(1980).
1556:21148895
1367:36983491
1358:10051598
1301:Archived
1162:See also
1008:oil palm
906:in vitro
834:groups:
798:synonyms
753:conifers
595:Taxonomy
585:leathery
526:tropical
518:polypore
166:Species
113:Family:
63:Domain:
2193:8328637
2173:3803604
2111:1106042
2085:2519220
1930:6353236
1668:3756901
1621:Torreya
1548:3762108
1125:in vivo
970:Ecology
810:), and
790:Karsten
757:hemlock
721:lingzhi
696:lingzhi
634:Murrill
134:P.Karst
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
2190:uBio:
2157:NZOR:
2046:1GANOG
1937:
1927:
1861:
1829:
1821:
1757:
1704:
1684:&
1666:
1627:: 197.
1554:
1546:
1528:
1365:
1355:
1347:
1200:
1156:cancer
1049:lignin
1030:rubber
916:taxa.
910:et al.
860:Asian
725:reishi
692:reishi
626:pileus
589:spores
158:Curtis
136:(1881)
2180:PPE:
2124:17639
2106:IRMNG
2098:48475
2072:17639
2059:41880
2033:16429
1827:S2CID
1664:JSTOR
1544:JSTOR
1150:that
1026:cacao
974:Some
964:derma
960:ganos
957:Greek
890:et al
880:group
874:group
866:group
857:group
849:group
841:group
741:zizhi
723:, or
630:stipe
577:conks
514:genus
512:is a
77:Fungi
2150:5314
2145:NCBI
2080:GBIF
2041:EPPO
2020:4M63
1935:PMID
1859:ISBN
1819:PMID
1755:PMID
1725:9(6)
1702:ISBN
1615:for
1593:and
1552:PMID
1363:PMID
1345:ISSN
1273:and
1198:ISBN
1131:and
1071:Uses
1063:and
1051:and
1032:and
1018:and
1000:and
628:and
583:and
2132:NBN
2028:EoL
2015:CoL
1925:PMC
1917:doi
1811:doi
1747:doi
1743:122
1656:doi
1646:".
1619:".
1536:doi
1447:doi
1353:PMC
1335:doi
988:(=
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739:or
694:or
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2056::
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1933:.
1923:.
1911:.
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1851:.
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490:(
156:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
