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342:, in which air is alternately compressed, cooled, and expanded, each expansion results in a considerable reduction in temperature. With the lower temperature the molecules move more slowly and occupy less space, so the air changes phase to become liquid.
147:, require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules (intermolecular forces), or for the storage of gases, for example:
124:). The liquefaction of gases is a complicated process that uses various compressions and expansions to achieve high pressures and very low temperatures, using, for example,
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362:. The gas is not yet liquid, since that would destroy the turbine. Commercial air liquefication plants bypass this problem by expanding the air at
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processes are used for scientific, industrial and commercial purposes. Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal
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is transported for eventual solution in water, after which it is used for water purification, sanitation of
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is provided to hospitals for conversion to gas for patients with breathing problems, and
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twice in two chambers. While expanding, the gas has to do work as it is led through an
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is 4.22 K (ā268.93 Ā°C). Below 2.17 K liquid He becomes a
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253:in 1913. At ambient pressure the boiling point of
354:'s process in which the gas is allowed to expand
226:and numerous other organic compounds as well as
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366:pressures. Final liquefaction takes place by
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176:where the heat of vaporization is absorbed.
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284:The liquefaction of air is used to obtain
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
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318:Timeline of low-temperature technology
523:History of Liquefying Hydrogen - NASA
7:
300:by separating the air components by
159:. There the gas is liquefied in the
169:is released, and evaporated in the
143:by simple cooling; a few, such as
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202:is used in the medical field for
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1:
664:List of natural gas pipelines
659:Black powder in gas pipelines
350:Air can also be liquefied by
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693:Intermodal freight transport
390:Air Products & Chemicals
206:, by inseminators to freeze
112:is physical conversion of a
500:. D. Van Nostrand. p.
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338:Air is liquefied by the
42:This article includes a
415:FischerāTropsch process
372:thermal expansion valve
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302:fractional distillation
71:more precise citations.
410:Compressibility factor
296:and other atmospheric
251:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
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669:List of LNG terminals
604:List of oil pipelines
518:Liquefaction of Gases
316:Further information:
241:) with the precooled
110:Liquefaction of gases
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724:Industrial processes
455:Louis Paul Cailletet
220:carbon tetrachloride
167:heat of vaporization
141:atmospheric pressure
654:Natural gas storage
430:HampsonāLinde cycle
243:HampsonāLinde cycle
180:was the first such
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528:2009-12-22 at the
450:Liquefaction point
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44:list of references
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405:Chemical engineer
360:expansion turbine
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16:(Redirected from
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734:Industrial gases
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216:industrial waste
157:air conditioning
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67:this article by
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18:Gas liquefaction
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63:Please help
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626:LNG carrier
567:hydrocarbon
385:Air Liquide
368:isenthalpic
298:noble gases
263:Nobel Prize
247:Nobel Prize
204:cryosurgery
182:refrigerant
69:introducing
713:Categories
599:Tank truck
584:Oil tanker
482:References
329:Liquid air
323:Liquid air
259:superfluid
172:evaporator
77:April 2013
275:viscosity
245:led to a
186:petroleum
162:condenser
151:, and in
594:Tank car
526:Archived
378:See also
286:nitrogen
277:and the
228:phosgene
212:chlorine
190:halogens
465:Praxair
312:History
273:, zero
178:Ammonia
120:state (
116:into a
65:improve
698:Syngas
681:/misc.
352:Claude
292:, and
290:oxygen
265:1978,
235:helium
224:glycol
118:liquid
569:fuels
304:in a
294:argon
230:gas.
208:semen
50:, or
679:Coal
616:and
308:.
249:for
188:and
155:and
132:Uses
618:LPG
614:LNG
576:Oil
149:LPG
114:gas
715::
502:87
374:.
288:,
239:He
222:,
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261:(
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20:)
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