3183:
36:
751:, many of those found to date have been of a size associated, in the Solar System, with giant planets. Because these large planets are inferred to share more in common with Jupiter than with the other giant planets, some have claimed that "jovian planet" is a more accurate term for them. Many of the exoplanets are much closer to their parent stars and hence much hotter than the giant planets in the Solar System, making it possible that some of those planets are a type not observed in the Solar System. Considering the relative
768:
lower in the atmosphere, and have an internal downdraft. They are low-pressure regions. These structures are somewhat analogous to the high and low-pressure cells in Earth's atmosphere, but they have a very different structure—latitudinal bands that circle the entire planet, as opposed to small confined cells of pressure. This appears to be a result of the rapid rotation and underlying symmetry of the planet. There are no oceans or landmasses to cause local heating and the rotation speed is much higher than that of Earth.
531:
65:
45:
56:
4657:
432:
4633:
3159:
580:, have a hydrogen-rich atmosphere that extends from the cloud tops down to about 80% (Uranus) or 85% (Neptune) of their radius. Below this, they are predominantly "icy", i.e. consisting mostly of water, methane, and ammonia. There is also some rock and gas, but various proportions of ice–rock–gas could mimic pure ice, so that the exact proportions are unknown.
3171:
4645:
710:
755:(approximately 98% hydrogen and helium) it would be surprising to find a predominantly rocky planet more massive than Jupiter. On the other hand, models of planetary-system formation have suggested that giant planets would be inhibited from forming as close to their stars as many of the extrasolar giant planets have been observed to orbit.
4621:
3405:
586:
Unlike the other giant planets, Uranus has an extreme tilt that causes its seasons to be severely pronounced. The two planets also have other subtle but important differences. Uranus has more hydrogen and helium than
Neptune despite being less massive overall. Neptune is therefore denser and has much
510:
Giant planets are commonly said to lack solid surfaces, but it is more accurate to say that they lack surfaces altogether since the gases that form them simply become thinner and thinner with increasing distance from the planets' centers, eventually becoming indistinguishable from the interplanetary
767:
are due to counter-circulating streams of material called zones and belts, encircling the planet parallel to its equator. The zones are the lighter bands, and are at higher altitudes in the atmosphere. They have an internal updraft and are high-pressure regions. The belts are the darker bands, are
557:
Jupiter and Saturn's outermost portion of the hydrogen atmosphere has many layers of visible clouds that are mostly composed of water and ammonia. The layer of metallic hydrogen makes up the bulk of each planet, and is referred to as "metallic" because the very high pressure turns hydrogen into an
647:
The original suggestion of massive solid planets forming around 5-120 solar mass stars, presented in earlier literature, lacks substantial supporting evidence or citations to planetary formation theories. The study in question primarily focused on simulating mass-radius relationships for rocky
265:
and was originally used to refer to all giant planets. Arguably it is something of a misnomer, because throughout most of the volume of these planets the pressure is so high that matter is not in gaseous form. Other than the upper layers of the atmosphere, all matter is likely beyond the
341:
they mean hydrogen and helium. The many ways in which Uranus and
Neptune differ from Jupiter and Saturn have led some to use the term only for planets similar to the latter two. With this terminology in mind, some astronomers have started referring to Uranus and Neptune as
648:
planets, including hypothetical super-massive solid planets, but did not investigate whether planetary formation theories actually support the existence of such objects. The authors of that study acknowledged that "Such massive exoplanets are not yet known to exist."
1439:
Libby-Roberts, Jessica E.; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Desert, Jean-Michel; Masuda, Kento; Morley, Caroline V.; Lopez, Eric D.; Deck, Katherine M.; Fabrycky, Daniel; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Line, Michael R.; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Winn, Joshua N. (2020-01-20).
1594:
644:). Studies have shown that the ratio of protoplanetary disk mass to stellar mass decreases rapidly for stars above 10 solar masses, falling to less than 10^-4. Furthermore, no protoplanetary disks have been observed around O-type stars to date.
459:. They may have a condensed "core" of heavier elements, delivered during the formation process. This core may be partially or completely dissolved and dispersed throughout the hydrogen/helium envelope. In "traditional" giant planets such as
4398:
4393:
506:
because they have very high surface temperatures. Hot
Jupiters were, until the advent of space-borne telescopes, the most common form of exoplanet known, due to the relative ease of detecting them with ground-based instruments.
4388:
4383:
245:) are debated. One school of thought is based on planetary formation; the other, on the physics of the interior of planets. Part of the debate concerns whether brown dwarfs must, by definition, have experienced
583:
Uranus and
Neptune have very hazy atmospheric layers with small amounts of methane, giving them light aquamarine colors. Both have magnetic fields that are sharply inclined to their axes of rotation.
3086:
2660:
1164:
Wright, J. T.; Fakhouri, O.; Marcy, G. W.; Han, E.; Feng, Y.; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, A. W.; Fischer, D. A.; Valenti, J. A.; Anderson, J.; Piskunov, N. (2010). "The
Exoplanet Orbit Database".
4378:
3056:
999:
Bodenheimer, P.; D'Angelo, G.; Lissauer, J. J.; Fortney, J. J.; Saumon, D. (2013). "Deuterium
Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion".
4540:
2857:
4405:
964:
278:
near its center, but much of its volume is hydrogen, helium, and traces of other gases above their critical points. The observable atmospheres of all these planets (at less than a unit
651:
Given these considerations, the formation and existence of massive solid planets around very massive stars remain speculative and require further research and observational evidence.
398:) cutoff is a rule of thumb rather than something of precise physical significance. Larger objects will burn most of their deuterium and smaller ones will burn only a little, and the
633:
the gas in the disk, leaving just the heavy elements. For comparison, Neptune's mass equals 17 Earth masses, Jupiter has 318 Earth masses, and the 13 Jupiter-mass limit used in the
4432:
910:
D'Angelo, G.; Weidenschilling, S. J.; Lissauer, J. J.; Bodenheimer, P. (2021). "Growth of
Jupiter: Formation in disks of gas and solids and evolution to the present epoch".
4217:
4212:
558:
electrical conductor. The core is thought to consist of heavier elements at such high temperatures (20,000 K) and pressures that their properties are poorly understood.
4373:
3836:
3093:
4140:
411:
value is somewhere in between. The amount of deuterium burnt depends not only on the mass but also on the composition of the planet, especially on the amount of
2645:
640:
However, it is important to note that more recent research has called into question the likelihood of massive solid planet formation around very massive stars(
282:) are quite thin compared to their radii, only extending perhaps one percent of the way to the center. Thus, the observable parts are gaseous (in contrast to
837:
4111:
3694:
2790:
4427:
3379:
2556:
4410:
4247:
4580:
2711:
2356:
2341:
2321:
1574:
805:
4555:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4128:
2655:
2388:
2351:
2346:
1363:
1140:
201:, but many astronomers now apply the term only to Jupiter and Saturn, classifying Uranus and Neptune, which have different compositions, as
4237:
4227:
3081:
2672:
2393:
2331:
2326:
4273:
4207:
3321:
3235:
2336:
975:
1052:
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milsom, John A. (2011-01-20). "The
Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets".
4565:
4415:
4222:
4099:
1605:
752:
2457:
4598:
4232:
2484:
771:
There are smaller structures as well: spots of different sizes and colors. On
Jupiter, the most noticeable of these features is the
4293:
4283:
3771:
2872:
546:, have heavier elements making up between 3 and 13 percent of their mass. Gas giants are thought to consist of an outer layer of
416:
4368:
4319:
4242:
4147:
4123:
4094:
4081:
3384:
1627:
744:
267:
206:
1623:
1608:
35:
4324:
3961:
3051:
2467:
2301:
1617:
775:, which has been present for at least 300 years. These structures are huge storms. Some such spots are thunderheads as well.
511:
medium. Therefore, landing on a giant planet may or may not be possible, depending on the size and composition of its core.
467:(the gas giants) hydrogen and helium make up most of the mass of the planet, whereas they only make up an outer envelope on
1616:
301:
as shorthands for classes of elements and compounds commonly found as planetary constituents, irrespective of the matter's
4550:
4197:
4152:
2576:
2472:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1603:
4187:
3076:
2631:
2611:
2506:
1621:
1613:
1610:
606:
seems can also exist, though their formation mechanisms and occurrence remain subjects of ongoing research and debate.
4530:
4329:
3151:
2677:
2606:
2571:
1628:
1624:
1386:
Seager, S.; Kuchner, M.; Hier-Majumder, C. A.; Militzer, B. (2007). "Mass-Radius
Relationships for Solid Exoplanets".
815:
205:. Both names are potentially misleading; the Solar System's giant planets all consist primarily of fluids above their
64:
1619:
4611:
4363:
4358:
4348:
4106:
3766:
3066:
2867:
2750:
2699:
1629:
1567:
55:
850:
4593:
4343:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4001:
3996:
3796:
3680:
2909:
2884:
2694:
614:
610:
4687:
4353:
4298:
4159:
3966:
3946:
3706:
3349:
3200:
2805:
2400:
44:
4575:
4535:
4278:
4202:
3776:
3314:
2889:
2716:
2363:
2267:
2174:
1874:
1724:
420:
155:
1261:
Wilson, Hugh F.; Militzer, Burkhard (2012-03-14). "Rocky core solubility in Jupiter and giant exoplanets".
572:
Ice giants have distinctly different interior compositions from gas giants. The Solar System's ice giants,
4682:
4288:
4169:
3781:
3731:
2894:
2832:
2780:
2770:
2755:
2706:
2591:
2566:
2496:
1912:
1626:
530:
1604:
1598:
4677:
4257:
3901:
3801:
3635:
3260:
3187:
3061:
2914:
2877:
2765:
2760:
1560:
764:
617:
stars; 5–120 solar masses) has been suggested in some earlier studies. The hypothesis proposed that the
603:
1625:
4545:
4525:
4135:
3806:
3721:
3417:
3344:
2822:
2775:
2733:
2432:
1884:
1849:
1844:
1738:
1689:
1662:
1463:
1405:
1280:
1183:
1071:
1018:
929:
892:
875:
D'Angelo, G.; Durisen, R. H.; Lissauer, J. J. (2011). "Giant Planet Formation". In S. Seager. (ed.).
167:
3976:
1622:
4338:
3886:
3866:
3821:
3791:
3600:
3595:
3394:
3274:
3163:
3001:
2974:
2924:
2728:
2186:
1879:
1731:
1543:
618:
358:
143:
4649:
4637:
3934:
3881:
3851:
3811:
3726:
3426:
3307:
3254:
3124:
3071:
2989:
2949:
2919:
2827:
2640:
1771:
1615:
1606:
1524:
1489:
1453:
1421:
1395:
1312:
1270:
1199:
1173:
1146:
1118:
1095:
1061:
1034:
1008:
945:
919:
882:
810:
547:
209:, where distinct gas and liquid phases do not exist. Jupiter and Saturn are principally made of
1600:
1113:
Schneider, Jean (2016). "III.8 Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: The CoRoT view and the future".
609:
The possibility of solid planets up to thousands of Earth masses forming around massive stars (
4182:
4026:
3971:
3841:
3816:
3564:
3559:
3508:
3358:
3114:
2994:
2684:
2626:
2417:
2306:
2232:
2167:
2138:
1896:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1481:
1359:
1304:
1296:
1243:
1136:
1087:
551:
440:
275:
4570:
4560:
4308:
3988:
3921:
3871:
3761:
3751:
3675:
3605:
3590:
3389:
3175:
2979:
2969:
2862:
2837:
2247:
2217:
2082:
2062:
1961:
1936:
1776:
1641:
1471:
1413:
1348:
1288:
1233:
1222:"Mixing of Condensable Constituents with H–He during the Formation and Evolution of Jupiter"
1220:
Stevenson, David J.; Bodenheimer, Peter; Lissauer, Jack J.; D’Angelo, Gennaro (2022-04-01).
1191:
1128:
1079:
1026:
937:
795:
785:
630:
1618:
1597:
435:
Cut-away illustrations of the interior of the giant planets. Jupiter is shown with a rocky
4051:
3846:
3746:
3670:
3660:
3439:
3046:
2944:
2852:
2743:
2721:
2518:
2462:
2452:
2242:
2222:
2191:
2179:
2133:
2121:
2055:
2025:
2018:
2008:
1968:
1946:
1941:
1601:
1599:
734:
387:, and these occupy the mass range between that of large giant planets and the lowest-mass
302:
1467:
1409:
1284:
1187:
1075:
1022:
933:
896:
4661:
3911:
3906:
3756:
3711:
3620:
3030:
2815:
2810:
2800:
2601:
2528:
2489:
2410:
2383:
2211:
2101:
2072:
2050:
2040:
2030:
1983:
1602:
1355:
800:
772:
436:
376:
246:
159:
1030:
317:. When deep planetary interiors are considered, it may not be far off to say that, by
4671:
4041:
3716:
3655:
3610:
3549:
3544:
3519:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3129:
3109:
2689:
2422:
2405:
2226:
2143:
2106:
2077:
2067:
2035:
2013:
1993:
1956:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1493:
1150:
1099:
1083:
1038:
949:
845:
730:
279:
151:
1513:
BBC News: Q&A New planets proposal Wednesday, 16 August 2006, 13:36 GMT 14:36 UK
1510:
SPACE.com: Q&A: The IAU's Proposed Planet Definition, 16 August 2006, 2:00 AM ET
1316:
1203:
289:
The rather misleading term has caught on because planetary scientists typically use
4656:
4625:
4192:
4177:
4071:
4061:
3953:
3876:
3645:
3615:
3513:
3449:
3207:
3193:
2984:
2939:
2596:
2479:
2373:
2313:
2296:
2116:
2094:
2045:
2003:
1988:
1973:
1839:
1763:
1583:
1425:
1292:
1132:
876:
718:
690:
626:
622:
431:
403:
380:
237:
171:
1531:
1538:
941:
538:
Gas giants consist mostly of hydrogen and helium. The Solar System's gas giants,
369:—and was intended to indicate that all of these planets were similar to Jupiter.
4118:
4066:
4011:
4006:
3896:
3891:
3861:
3831:
3826:
3786:
3741:
3736:
3665:
3650:
3640:
3585:
3529:
3524:
3490:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3248:
3242:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3008:
2959:
2934:
2929:
2904:
2899:
2847:
2842:
2667:
2581:
2540:
2501:
2378:
2237:
2203:
2126:
2089:
1978:
790:
738:
726:
503:
499:
384:
286:
and Earth, which have gaseous atmospheres through which the crust can be seen).
262:
229:
120:
1476:
1441:
4089:
3856:
3630:
3554:
3480:
3459:
3267:
3214:
2954:
2533:
2111:
660:
637:'s working definition of an exoplanet equals approximately 4000 Earth masses.
588:
17:
1485:
1300:
1247:
1091:
4046:
4036:
3539:
3534:
3500:
3485:
3374:
3228:
3221:
2650:
2616:
2447:
2368:
2291:
2286:
1998:
1951:
1820:
1803:
748:
714:
694:
670:
567:
525:
495:
488:
373:
343:
202:
198:
191:
150:
much larger than Earth. Giant planets are usually primarily composed of low-
108:
89:
1308:
4056:
3929:
3281:
3119:
2738:
2586:
2442:
2427:
2162:
1869:
1717:
1238:
1221:
452:
210:
3941:
2523:
2511:
2437:
1830:
1808:
1683:
1668:
709:
698:
686:
682:
577:
539:
484:
480:
472:
460:
334:
222:
218:
187:
175:
104:
81:
494:
Extrasolar giant planets that orbit very close to their stars are the
4252:
3580:
3404:
3339:
2964:
2257:
2252:
2155:
2150:
1864:
1859:
1825:
1813:
1758:
1710:
1703:
1678:
1673:
621:
around such stars would contain enough heavy elements, and that high
573:
543:
468:
464:
456:
448:
412:
326:
322:
214:
183:
179:
147:
100:
85:
305:. In the outer Solar System, hydrogen and helium are referred to as
4620:
1458:
1417:
1195:
1123:
924:
2281:
1854:
1786:
1781:
1696:
1651:
1646:
1400:
1275:
1178:
1066:
1013:
887:
708:
678:
641:
529:
476:
430:
163:
1907:
1791:
1656:
1442:"The Featureless Transmission Spectra of Two Super-Puff Planets"
674:
595:
than Uranus did, and should therefore have more heavy elements.
388:
283:
3303:
1556:
1552:
693:. The most extreme examples known are the three planets around
1636:
634:
592:
116:
3299:
1115:
Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: the CoRoT view and the future
972:
NASA Ames Research Center; California Institute of Technology
881:. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. pp. 319–346.
1592:
1336:, Bagenal et al., editors, Cambridge University Press, 2004
270:, where there is no distinction between liquids and gases.
4541:
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
554:, with a probable molten core with a rocky composition.
1166:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
591:, in fact, suggests that Neptune formed closer to the
4609:
587:
more internal heat and a more active atmosphere. The
4518:
4307:
4266:
4168:
4080:
3987:
3920:
3693:
3573:
3499:
3425:
3412:
3367:
3102:
3039:
2789:
2625:
2555:
2266:
2202:
1895:
1757:
170:can also exist. There are four such planets in the
1347:
419:includes objects up to 60 Jupiter masses, and the
4218:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
4213:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
1334:Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere
717:, the first extrasolar giant planet found with a
3837:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
274:would be a more accurate term. Jupiter also has
1596:
1215:
1213:
350:(in fluid form) in their interior composition.
217:, whilst Uranus and Neptune consist of water,
3315:
1568:
1534:Wednesday, 16 August 2006, 13:36 GMT 14:36 UK
1525:Q&A: The IAU's Proposed Planet Definition
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1346:L. McFadden; P. Weissman; T. Johnson (2007).
963:Jack J. Lissauer; David J. Stevenson (2006).
498:that are easiest to detect. These are called
261:was coined in 1952 by science fiction writer
8:
1332:The Interior of Jupiter, Guillot et al., in
838:"Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters"
689:. They are cooler and less massive than the
73:The four giant planets of the Solar System:
487:and therefore increasingly referred to as "
3422:
3322:
3308:
3300:
2552:
1754:
1750:
1575:
1561:
1553:
1350:Encyclopedia of the Solar System (2nd ed.)
1328:
1326:
753:abundances of the elements in the universe
701:-sized but with densities below 0.1 g/cm.
3380:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters
1475:
1457:
1399:
1274:
1237:
1177:
1122:
1065:
1012:
923:
886:
4248:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
3094:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
4616:
3290:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
2318:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
828:
475:, which are instead mostly composed of
4556:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
197:Giant planets are sometimes known as
142:being another name for the Roman god
7:
4238:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
4228:Habitability of neutron star systems
346:to indicate the predominance of the
194:giant planets have been identified.
4581:Sudarsky's gas giant classification
4208:Habitability of binary star systems
806:Sudarsky's gas giant classification
228:The defining differences between a
4566:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
4223:Habitability of natural satellites
383:for solar composition) are called
25:
4233:Habitability of red dwarf systems
691:inflated low-density hot-Jupiters
309:; water, methane, and ammonia as
27:Planet much larger than the Earth
4655:
4643:
4631:
4619:
4330:Stars with proto-planetary discs
4294:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database
4284:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
3772:Extraterrestrial sample curation
3403:
3181:
3169:
3157:
836:Burgasser, Adam J. (June 2008).
550:, surrounding a layer of liquid
417:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
249:at some point in their history.
63:
54:
43:
34:
4243:Habitable zone for complex life
3681:Ultra-short period planet (USP)
3385:Methods of detecting exoplanets
3057:Gravitationally rounded objects
1537:Gas Giants in Science Fiction:
642:https://arxiv.org/pdf/1103.0556
361:—the genitive form of which is
4424:Discovered exoplanets by year
1293:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.111101
1133:10.1051/978-2-7598-1876-1.c038
745:techniques currently available
451:and has a thick atmosphere of
372:Objects large enough to start
313:; and silicates and metals as
1:
4551:Extrasolar planets in fiction
4198:Extraterrestrial liquid water
1226:The Planetary Science Journal
677:only a few times larger than
134:, sometimes referred to as a
4571:Planets in globular clusters
4188:Circumstellar habitable zone
1532:Q&A New planets proposal
965:"Formation of Giant Planets"
942:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114087
685:, giving it a very low mean
681:’s but a radius larger than
447:A giant planet is a massive
439:overlaid by a deep layer of
4531:Exoplanet naming convention
3641:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
3152:Outline of the Solar System
2915:Interplanetary medium/space
1031:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120
816:Tyche (hypothetical planet)
534:Saturn's north polar vortex
415:and deuterium present. The
4704:
3767:Extraterrestrial materials
3401:
2868:Extraterrestrial materials
1084:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57
724:
713:An artist's conception of
658:
565:
523:
4594:Discoveries of exoplanets
4589:
3797:Interplanetary dust cloud
3335:
3188:Earth sciences portal
3147:
2910:Interplanetary dust cloud
1748:
1590:
1527:16 August 2006 2:00 am ET
1388:The Astrophysical Journal
1054:The Astrophysical Journal
1001:The Astrophysical Journal
423:up to 24 Jupiter masses.
232:and a massive gas giant (
230:very low-mass brown dwarf
123:. Sizes are not to scale.
4299:Open Exoplanet Catalogue
4274:Nearby Habitable Systems
4160:Transit-timing variation
3201:Local Interstellar Cloud
1913:other near-Earth objects
1477:10.3847/1538-3881/ab5d36
1446:The Astronomical Journal
705:Extrasolar giant planets
357:refers to the Roman god
146:), is a diverse type of
115:Shown in order from the
4576:Small planet radius gap
4279:Exoplanet Data Explorer
4203:Galactic habitable zone
3777:Giant-impact hypothesis
3164:Solar System portal
2890:Giant-impact hypothesis
2497:Trans-Neptunian objects
1263:Physical Review Letters
743:Because of the limited
421:Exoplanet Data Explorer
391:. The 13-Jupiter-mass (
4536:Exoplanet phase curves
4374:Terrestrial candidates
4325:Multiplanetary systems
4289:NASA Exoplanet Archive
3972:Mean-motion resonances
3782:Gravitational collapse
3732:Circumstellar envelope
3052:Possible dwarf planets
2895:Gravitational collapse
2833:Circumstellar envelope
1632:
763:The bands seen in the
722:
535:
444:
4411:Potentially habitable
4316:Exoplanetary systems
4258:Superhabitable planet
4017:F/Yellow-white dwarfs
3902:Sample-return mission
3802:Interplanetary medium
3261:Laniakea Supercluster
2878:Sample-return mission
1631:
765:atmosphere of Jupiter
712:
604:Massive solid planets
599:Massive solid planets
533:
434:
353:The alternative term
168:massive solid planets
4546:Extragalactic planet
4526:Carl Sagan Institute
3807:Interplanetary space
3722:Circumplanetary disk
3395:Planet-hosting stars
3176:Astronomy portal
3077:Solar System objects
2823:Circumplanetary disk
1542:Episode "Giants" on
3887:Protoplanetary disk
3867:Planetary migration
3822:Interstellar medium
3601:Circumtriple planet
3596:Circumbinary planet
3275:Observable universe
3072:Solar System models
3002:Protoplanetary disk
2925:Interstellar medium
2885:Frost/Ice/Snow line
1544:The Science Channel
1468:2020AJ....159...57L
1410:2007ApJ...669.1279S
1285:2012PhRvL.108k1101W
1188:2011PASP..123..412W
1076:2011ApJ...727...57S
1023:2013ApJ...770..120B
1007:(2): 120 (13 pp.).
934:2021Icar..35514087D
897:2010exop.book..319D
619:protoplanetary disk
3852:Nebular hypothesis
3827:Interstellar space
3812:Interstellar cloud
3792:Internal structure
3727:Circumstellar disc
3255:Virgo Supercluster
3236:Milky Way subgroup
3067:Natural satellites
2950:Nebular hypothesis
2930:Interstellar space
2920:Interstellar cloud
2828:Circumstellar disc
2418:Near-Earth objects
2302:names and meanings
1633:
1239:10.3847/PSJ/ac5c44
811:Terrestrial planet
723:
548:molecular hydrogen
536:
445:
4607:
4606:
4183:Astrooceanography
3817:Interstellar dust
3689:
3688:
3565:Ultra-hot Neptune
3560:Ultra-hot Jupiter
3509:Eccentric Jupiter
3359:Planetary science
3297:
3296:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3115:Lagrangian points
3087:by discovery date
2685:Human spaceflight
2656:historical models
2549:
2548:
2168:S/2015 (136472) 1
1365:978-0-12-088589-3
1142:978-2-7598-1876-1
721:less than Saturn.
552:metallic hydrogen
441:metallic hydrogen
321:astronomers mean
276:metallic hydrogen
16:(Redirected from
4695:
4660:
4659:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4623:
4615:
4561:Neptunian desert
3947:Tidally detached
3882:Planet formation
3872:Planetary system
3762:Exozodiacal dust
3752:Disrupted planet
3676:Ultra-cool dwarf
3606:Disrupted planet
3591:Chthonian planet
3423:
3407:
3390:Planetary system
3324:
3317:
3310:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3161:
3160:
2863:Exozodiacal dust
2553:
2519:Detached objects
1755:
1751:
1595:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1554:
1498:
1497:
1479:
1461:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1403:
1394:(2): 1279–1297.
1383:
1370:
1369:
1353:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1278:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1181:
1172:(902): 412–422.
1161:
1155:
1154:
1126:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1069:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1016:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
980:
974:. Archived from
969:
960:
954:
953:
927:
907:
901:
900:
890:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
855:
849:. Archived from
842:
833:
796:Planetary system
786:Chthonian planet
401:
235:
67:
58:
47:
38:
21:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4688:Types of planet
4668:
4667:
4666:
4654:
4644:
4642:
4632:
4630:
4618:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4599:Search projects
4585:
4514:
4303:
4262:
4164:
4136:Radial velocity
4076:
4032:K/Orange dwarfs
4022:G/Yellow dwarfs
3983:
3977:Titius–Bode law
3916:
3847:Molecular cloud
3747:Detached object
3698:
3696:
3685:
3671:Toroidal planet
3661:Sub-brown dwarf
3569:
3495:
3467:(Super-Mercury)
3440:Coreless planet
3416:
3414:
3408:
3399:
3363:
3331:
3328:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3182:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3143:
3134:
3098:
3035:
3019:vs. Hill sphere
2945:Molecular cloud
2873:Sample curation
2853:Detached object
2792:
2785:
2629:
2621:
2558:
2545:
2490:Neptune trojans
2273:
2271:
2269:
2262:
2198:
1891:
1762:
1744:
1630:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1520:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1366:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1324:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1143:
1117:. p. 157.
1112:
1111:
1107:
1051:
1050:
1046:
998:
997:
993:
984:
982:
978:
967:
962:
961:
957:
909:
908:
904:
874:
873:
869:
859:
857:
853:
840:
835:
834:
830:
825:
820:
781:
761:
741:
735:Sub-brown dwarf
707:
663:
657:
601:
570:
564:
528:
522:
517:
429:
409:
406:
399:
397:
394:
255:
243:
240:
233:
207:critical points
158:), rather than
128:
127:
126:
125:
70:
69:
68:
60:
59:
50:
49:
48:
40:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4701:
4699:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4652:
4640:
4628:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4148:Transit method
4145:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4095:Direct imaging
4092:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3912:Star formation
3909:
3907:Scattered disc
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Excretion disk
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3712:Accretion disk
3709:
3703:
3701:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3621:Eyeball planet
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3191:
3190:
3178:
3166:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3031:Scattered disc
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2816:Excretion disk
2811:Accretion disk
2808:
2803:
2801:Star formation
2797:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:space stations
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2529:Scattered disc
2526:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1768:
1766:
1749:
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1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1518:External links
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1431:
1418:10.1086/521346
1371:
1364:
1356:Academic Press
1338:
1322:
1269:(11): 111101.
1253:
1209:
1196:10.1086/659427
1156:
1141:
1105:
1044:
991:
955:
902:
867:
827:
826:
824:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
801:Stellification
798:
793:
788:
782:
780:
777:
773:Great Red Spot
760:
757:
706:
703:
697:which are all
659:Main article:
656:
653:
631:photoevaporate
600:
597:
566:Main article:
563:
560:
524:Main article:
521:
518:
516:
513:
428:
425:
407:
404:
395:
392:
381:Jupiter masses
268:critical point
254:
251:
247:nuclear fusion
241:
238:
113:
112:
93:
72:
71:
62:
61:
53:
52:
51:
42:
41:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
24:
18:Gaseous planet
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4700:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:Giant planets
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4629:
4627:
4622:
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4613:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4582:
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4567:
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4527:
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4521:
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4506:
4504:
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4380:
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4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4072:Yellow giants
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:Merging stars
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3717:Asteroid belt
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:Pulsar planet
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3611:Double planet
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:Super-Neptune
3548:
3546:
3545:Super-Jupiter
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3520:Helium planet
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:Hycean planet
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Desert planet
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:Carbon planet
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3292:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3131:
3130:Tidal locking
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:Double planet
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:Minor planets
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:Merging stars
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Subsatellites
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2557:Hypothetical
2554:
2551:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Asteroid belt
2421:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:Minor planets
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
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1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
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1767:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1753:
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1741:
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1736:
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1733:
1729:
1727:
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1722:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
981:on 2009-02-26
977:
973:
966:
959:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
921:
917:
913:
906:
903:
898:
894:
889:
884:
880:
879:
871:
868:
856:on 8 May 2013
852:
848:
847:
846:Physics Today
839:
832:
829:
822:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
778:
776:
774:
769:
766:
758:
756:
754:
750:
746:
740:
736:
732:
731:Super-Jupiter
728:
720:
716:
711:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:is a type of
668:
662:
654:
652:
649:
645:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
598:
596:
594:
590:
584:
581:
579:
575:
569:
561:
559:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
532:
527:
519:
514:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
442:
438:
433:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:jovian planet
351:
349:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
280:optical depth
277:
273:
269:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:boiling point
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:jovian planet
133:
124:
122:
118:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:
66:
57:
46:
37:
19:
4678:Solar System
4416:Proper names
4193:Earth analog
4178:Astrobiology
4170:Habitability
4107:Microlensing
4067:White dwarfs
4037:M/Red dwarfs
4027:Herbig Ae/Be
4012:Brown dwarfs
3954:Rogue planet
3935:Interstellar
3877:Planetesimal
3646:Planetesimal
3626:Giant planet
3625:
3616:Ecumenopolis
3514:Mini-Neptune
3450:Dwarf planet
3286:Each arrow (
3208:Local Bubble
3194:Solar System
3192:
2985:Planetesimal
2940:Kuiper cliff
2668:Space probes
2641:Colonization
2480:Kirkwood gap
2401:Saturn Moons
2314:Planetesimal
1798:
1772:Terrestrials
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1661:
1584:Solar System
1547:
1505:Bibliography
1449:
1445:
1434:
1391:
1387:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1229:
1225:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1114:
1108:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1004:
1000:
994:
983:. Retrieved
976:the original
971:
958:
915:
911:
905:
877:
870:
858:. Retrieved
851:the original
844:
831:
770:
762:
742:
719:minimum mass
666:
664:
650:
646:
639:
623:UV radiation
608:
602:
585:
582:
571:
556:
537:
509:
504:hot Neptunes
500:hot Jupiters
493:
446:
385:brown dwarfs
371:
366:
362:
354:
352:
347:
338:
330:
318:
314:
310:
306:
298:
294:
290:
288:
272:Fluid planet
271:
258:
256:
227:
196:
172:Solar System
166:matter, but
139:
135:
132:giant planet
131:
129:
114:
96:
77:
4650:Outer space
4638:Spaceflight
4428:before 2000
4344:Discoveries
4119:Polarimetry
4007:Binary star
3897:Rubble pile
3892:Ring system
3862:Outer space
3832:Kuiper belt
3787:Hills cloud
3742:Debris disk
3737:Cosmic dust
3666:Sub-Neptune
3651:Protoplanet
3586:Brown dwarf
3574:Other types
3530:Hot Neptune
3525:Hot Jupiter
3516:(Gas dwarf)
3491:Super-Earth
3476:Ocean world
3471:Lava planet
3465:Iron planet
3427:Terrestrial
3368:Main topics
3249:Local Sheet
3243:Local Group
3026:Rubble pile
3014:Roche limit
3009:Ring system
2960:Outer space
2935:Kuiper belt
2905:Hill sphere
2900:Hills cloud
2848:Debris disk
2843:Cosmic dust
2627:Exploration
2582:Planet Nine
2567:Fifth giant
2541:Hills cloud
2502:Kuiper belt
2473:exceptional
2389:Trojan camp
1523:SPACE.com:
791:Planet Nine
759:Atmospheres
739:Brown dwarf
727:Hot Jupiter
655:Super-Puffs
625:and strong
427:Description
263:James Blish
253:Terminology
154:materials (
4672:Categories
4339:Exoplanets
4320:Host stars
4267:Catalogues
4090:Astrometry
4052:Subdwarf B
3989:Host stars
3962:Retrograde
3857:Oort cloud
3695:Formation
3631:Mesoplanet
3555:Super-puff
3481:Mega-Earth
3460:Ice planet
3345:Definition
3330:Exoplanets
3268:Local Hole
3215:Gould Belt
2955:Oort cloud
2791:Formation,
2781:Deep space
2617:Vulcanoids
2534:Oort cloud
2458:first 1000
2394:Greek camp
2292:Meteoroids
2287:Damocloids
2233:Charikloan
1530:BBC News:
1459:1910.12988
1124:1604.00917
985:2006-01-16
925:2009.05575
918:: 114087.
878:Exoplanets
860:11 January
823:References
749:exoplanets
747:to detect
725:See also:
667:super-puff
661:Super-puff
589:Nice model
562:Ice giants
520:Gas giants
496:exoplanets
489:ice giants
379:(above 13
344:ice giants
333:they mean
203:ice giants
199:gas giants
192:extrasolar
121:true color
109:ice giants
90:gas giants
4433:2000–2009
4399:1501–2000
4394:1001–1500
4082:Detection
4047:Red giant
3707:Accretion
3699:evolution
3540:Ice giant
3535:Gas giant
3486:Sub-Earth
3375:Exoplanet
3229:Milky Way
3222:Orion Arm
2990:Formation
2975:Migration
2970:Disrupted
2838:Coatlicue
2806:Accretion
2793:evolution
2739:Asteroids
2651:astronomy
2646:Discovery
2507:Cubewanos
2428:Asteroids
2258:Quaoarian
2248:Neptunian
2238:Chironean
2223:Saturnian
1999:Enceladus
1494:204950000
1486:1538-3881
1452:(2): 57.
1401:0707.2895
1301:0031-9007
1276:1111.6309
1248:2632-3338
1232:(4): 74.
1179:1012.5676
1151:118434022
1100:118513110
1092:0004-637X
1067:1008.5150
1060:(1): 57.
1039:118553341
1014:1305.0980
950:221654962
888:1006.5486
715:79 Ceti b
695:Kepler-51
671:exoplanet
568:Ice giant
526:Gas giant
374:deuterium
337:, and by
259:gas giant
257:The term
162:or other
156:volatiles
4389:501–1000
4369:Heaviest
4349:Extremes
4057:Subgiant
3930:Exocomet
3282:Universe
3120:Moonlets
2700:programs
2673:timeline
2661:timeline
2592:Planet X
2587:Planet V
2524:Sednoids
2512:Plutinos
2485:Centaurs
2463:families
2192:Dysnomia
2180:Xiangliu
2175:Gonggong
2163:Makemake
2122:Kerberos
2009:Hyperion
1947:Callisto
1942:Ganymede
1875:Gonggong
1870:Makemake
1725:Gonggong
1718:Makemake
1546:TV show
1317:42226611
1309:22540454
1204:51769219
779:See also
515:Subtypes
453:hydrogen
365:, hence
211:hydrogen
4662:Science
4612:Portals
4364:Largest
4359:Nearest
4062:T Tauri
3958:Orbits
3942:Exomoon
3922:Systems
3636:Planemo
3501:Gaseous
3103:Related
3082:by size
2771:Neptune
2756:Jupiter
2707:Mercury
2632:outline
2577:Phaeton
2572:Nemesis
2559:objects
2411:Neptune
2384:Jupiter
2364:Trojans
2357:Neptune
2342:Jupiter
2322:Mercury
2253:Haumean
2243:Uranian
2225: (
2139:Hiʻiaka
2073:Proteus
2063:Neptune
2051:Miranda
2041:Umbriel
2031:Titania
2019:all 146
1984:Iapetus
1937:Jupiter
1831:Neptune
1809:Jupiter
1777:Mercury
1759:Planets
1684:Neptune
1669:Jupiter
1642:Mercury
1548:Planets
1464:Bibcode
1426:8369390
1406:Bibcode
1281:Bibcode
1184:Bibcode
1072:Bibcode
1019:Bibcode
930:Bibcode
893:Bibcode
699:Jupiter
687:density
683:Neptune
673:with a
578:Neptune
540:Jupiter
485:methane
481:ammonia
473:Neptune
461:Jupiter
359:Jupiter
335:silicon
223:methane
219:ammonia
190:. Many
188:Neptune
176:Jupiter
144:Jupiter
119:and in
105:Neptune
82:Jupiter
4379:Kepler
4354:Firsts
4253:Tholin
4124:Timing
4042:Pulsar
3967:Trojan
3581:Blanet
3340:Planet
3277:
3270:
3263:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3125:Syzygy
3047:Comets
2980:System
2965:Planet
2858:EXCEDE
2766:Uranus
2761:Saturn
2751:Comets
2744:mining
2722:mining
2612:Vulcan
2453:active
2448:Hygiea
2443:Pallas
2406:Uranus
2352:Uranus
2347:Saturn
2282:Comets
2274:bodies
2272:System
2218:Jovian
2156:Weywot
2151:Quaoar
2144:Namaka
2134:Haumea
2107:Charon
2083:all 16
2078:Nereid
2068:Triton
2056:all 28
2036:Oberon
2026:Uranus
2014:Phoebe
1994:Tethys
1969:Saturn
1962:all 95
1957:Europa
1930:Deimos
1925:Phobos
1904:Earth
1865:Quaoar
1860:Haumea
1840:Dwarfs
1826:Uranus
1814:Saturn
1799:Giants
1764:dwarfs
1711:Quaoar
1704:Haumea
1679:Uranus
1674:Saturn
1492:
1484:
1424:
1362:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1246:
1202:
1149:
1139:
1098:
1090:
1037:
948:
912:Icarus
737:, and
629:could
615:O-type
611:B-type
574:Uranus
544:Saturn
483:, and
469:Uranus
465:Saturn
457:helium
449:planet
413:helium
402:
377:fusion
367:Jovian
327:carbon
323:oxygen
297:, and
236:
221:, and
215:helium
186:, and
184:Uranus
180:Saturn
148:planet
101:Uranus
97:bottom
86:Saturn
4626:Stars
4519:Other
4384:1–500
4309:Lists
3418:types
3413:Sizes
3040:Lists
2776:Pluto
2734:Ceres
2712:Venus
2607:Tyche
2602:Theia
2438:Vesta
2433:Ceres
2374:Earth
2369:Venus
2332:Earth
2327:Venus
2307:moons
2270:Solar
2268:Small
2227:Rhean
2212:Earth
2204:Rings
2117:Hydra
2102:Pluto
2095:Vanth
2090:Orcus
2046:Ariel
2004:Mimas
1989:Dione
1974:Titan
1897:Moons
1885:Sedna
1855:Pluto
1850:Orcus
1845:Ceres
1787:Earth
1782:Venus
1739:Sedna
1697:Pluto
1690:Orcus
1663:Ceres
1652:Earth
1647:Venus
1490:S2CID
1454:arXiv
1422:S2CID
1396:arXiv
1313:S2CID
1271:arXiv
1200:S2CID
1174:arXiv
1147:S2CID
1119:arXiv
1096:S2CID
1062:arXiv
1035:S2CID
1009:arXiv
979:(PDF)
968:(PDF)
946:S2CID
920:arXiv
883:arXiv
854:(PDF)
841:(PDF)
679:Earth
627:winds
477:water
389:stars
363:Jovis
329:, by
303:phase
164:solid
4508:2024
4503:2023
4498:2022
4493:2021
4488:2020
4483:2019
4478:2018
4473:2017
4468:2016
4463:2015
4458:2014
4453:2013
4448:2012
4443:2011
4438:2010
4153:list
4141:list
4129:list
4112:list
4100:list
3697:and
3415:and
2729:Mars
2717:Moon
2695:list
2678:list
2379:Mars
2337:Mars
2187:Eris
2127:Styx
1979:Rhea
1920:Mars
1908:Moon
1880:Eris
1792:Mars
1732:Eris
1657:Mars
1482:ISSN
1360:ISBN
1305:PMID
1297:ISSN
1244:ISSN
1137:ISBN
1088:ISSN
862:2016
675:mass
613:and
576:and
542:and
502:and
471:and
463:and
455:and
437:core
348:ices
331:rock
325:and
315:rock
291:rock
284:Mars
213:and
160:rock
140:Jove
103:and
84:and
3350:IAU
2468:PHA
2112:Nix
1821:Ice
1804:Gas
1637:Sun
1472:doi
1450:159
1414:doi
1392:669
1289:doi
1267:108
1234:doi
1192:doi
1170:123
1129:doi
1080:doi
1058:727
1027:doi
1005:770
938:doi
916:355
635:IAU
593:Sun
491:".
339:gas
319:ice
311:ice
307:gas
299:ice
295:gas
234:~13
117:Sun
78:top
4674::
4406:K2
2229:?)
1952:Io
1488:.
1480:.
1470:.
1462:.
1448:.
1444:.
1420:.
1412:.
1404:.
1390:.
1374:^
1358:.
1354:.
1325:^
1311:.
1303:.
1295:.
1287:.
1279:.
1265:.
1242:.
1228:.
1224:.
1212:^
1198:.
1190:.
1182:.
1168:.
1145:.
1135:.
1127:.
1094:.
1086:.
1078:.
1070:.
1056:.
1033:.
1025:.
1017:.
1003:.
970:.
944:.
936:.
928:.
914:.
891:.
843:.
733:,
729:,
665:A
479:,
400:13
293:,
225:.
182:,
178:,
174::
130:A
99:)
80:)
4614::
4002:B
3997:A
3323:e
3316:t
3309:v
3288:→
3279:→
3272:→
3265:→
3258:→
3252:→
3246:→
3240:→
3233:→
3226:→
3219:→
3212:→
3205:→
3198:→
2634:)
2630:(
2214:?
1761:,
1576:e
1569:t
1562:v
1496:.
1474::
1466::
1456::
1428:.
1416::
1408::
1398::
1368:.
1319:.
1291::
1283::
1273::
1250:.
1236::
1230:3
1206:.
1194::
1186::
1176::
1153:.
1131::
1121::
1102:.
1082::
1074::
1064::
1041:.
1029::
1021::
1011::
988:.
952:.
940::
932::
922::
899:.
895::
885::
864:.
443:.
408:J
405:M
396:J
393:M
242:J
239:M
138:(
111:)
107:(
95:(
92:)
88:(
76:(
20:)
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