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677:("epistemological obstacle"). One task of epistemology is to make clear the mental patterns at use in science, in order to help scientists overcome the obstacles to knowledge. Another goal is to “give back to human reason its function of agitation and aggressiveness” as Bachelard put it in ‘L'engagement rationaliste’ (1972).
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degree. Jeanne died in June 1920, and
Bachelard raised his daughter alone. Despite the gender role expectations at the time, Bachelard showed great concern in supporting his daughter's development into an academic career. Counter to stereotypes, he wanted to make his daughter, Suzanne, a scholar.
825:
sense, although he recommended his "non-Cartesian epistemology" as a replacement for the more standard
Cartesian epistemology. He compared "scientific knowledge" to ordinary knowledge in the way we deal with it, and saw error as only illusion: "Scientifically, one thinks truth as the historical
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activity. This explains why "The electric bulb is an object of scientific thought… an example of an abstract-concrete object." To understand the way it works, one has to take the detour of scientific knowledge. Epistemology is thus not a general philosophy that aims at justifying scientific
712:
Through his concept of "epistemological break", Bachelard underlined the discontinuity at work in the history of sciences. However the term "epistemological break" itself is almost never used by
Bachelard but became famous through
779:. For instance, the physical concepts of matter and rays correspond, according to him, to the metaphysical concepts of the thing and of movement; but whereas classical philosophy considered both as distinct, and the thing as
554:
from
October 1927, but remained at the college of Bar-sur-Aube until 1930. He even participated in the municipal elections of 1929 to defend the project of a college for all. He nevertheless accepted a professorship at the
594:
582:. He became a professor at the Sorbonne from 1940 to 1954. He held the chair of the history and philosophy of science, where he succeeded Abel Rey, director of the Institute of History and
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real, modern science can not distinguish matter from rays. It is thus impossible to examine an immobile thing, which was precisely the condition for knowledge according to the classical
673:
and the history of science has been little understood. Bachelard demonstrated how the progress of science could be blocked by certain types of mental patterns, creating the concept of
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609:. His daughter Suzanne was born on 18 October. He travelled the six kilometers to Bar-sur-Aube on foot every day, was provided a very useful education, and enrolled for a
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2006:
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Though most of
Bachelard's major works on poetics have been translated into English, only about half of his works on the philosophy of science have been translated.
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Bachelard never saw how seemingly irrational theories often simply represented a drastic shift in scientific perspective. For instance, he never claimed that the
590:
as a university professor and director of the
Institute for the History of Science and Technology in 1940, he accompanied his daughter in her higher educations.
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circles, and continues to be influential in literary theory and creative writing. In philosophy, this nocturnal side of his work is developed by his student
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At the age of thirty-six he began a completely unexpected philosophical career. Starting decisively in 1922, he acquired the title of
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A term for the combination of technology and science as disciplines coined in 1953 by
Bachelard; see: Bachelard, Gaston (1953)
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Discharged in March 1919 and unemployed, Bachelard searched and obtained a job in
October as a professor of
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was just another way of complexifying reality through a deepening of rationality (even though critics like
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In addition to epistemology, Bachelard's work deals with many other topics, including poetry, dreams,
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rectification of a persistent error, and experiments as correctives for an initial, common illusion (
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1822:
Autour de
Bachelard – esprit et matière, un siècle français de philosophie des sciences (1867–1962)
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La formation de l'esprit scientifique: contribution à une psychanalyse de la connaissance objective
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1478:Étude sur l'évolution d'un problème de physique : la propagation thermique dans les solides
806:, but only complex objects built by theories and experiments and continuously improved (VI, 4).
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is therefore not primitive, but built (VI, 2). These themes led
Bachelard to support a sort of
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841:. Those concepts are not just theoretical propositions: they are simultaneously abstract and
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Kaplan, Edward K. (1972). "Gaston Bachelard's Philosophy of Imagination: An Introduction".
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916:Étude sur l'évolution d'un problème de physique: la propagation thermique dans les solides
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705:. Thus models that framed scientific development as continuous, such as that of Comte and
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454:Étude sur l'évolution d'un problème de physique: la propagation thermique dans les solides
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484:. Literary by training, he took the technological path before moving towards science and
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1700:"L'invention technique et théorique : la philosophie des sciences de G. Bachelard"
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654:("The Formation of the Scientific Mind", 1938) were based on his vision of historical
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The building in rue de la Xavée in Remiremont, where Bachelard lived from 1903 to 1905
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Simons, Massimiliano; Rutgeerts, Jonas; Masschelein, Anneleen; Cortois, Paul (2019).
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1436:"A epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard: uma ruptura com as filosofias do imobilismo"
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Bachelard married Jeanne Rossi, a schoolteacher, in 1914. She was transferred to
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with an "ontology of relations", which could be assimilated to something like a
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and Technology (IHST), which in 1992 became IHPST. When he was appointed to the
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Bachelard's studies of the history and philosophy of science in such works as
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Facade painted in homage to Gaston Bachelard, in Bar-sur-Aube, his birthplace
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Hommage à Gaston Bachelard. Etudes de philosophie et d'histoire des sciences
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La philosophie du non: essai d'une philosophie du nouvel esprit scientifique
846:
822:
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1906:"New Bachelards?: Reveries, Elements and Twenty-First Century Materialisms"
1787:
Pour une critique de l’épistémologie : Bachelard, Canguilhem, Foucault
1150:. State University of New York Press, 2018. Translation by Roch C. Smith (
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2804:
2724:
2635:
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1984:
1609:
Index biographique des membres, correspondants et associés de 1769 à 1984
838:
780:
768:
547:
539:
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160:
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Northwestern University Press, 2013. Translation by Eileen Rizo-Patron (
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1968:
Centre Gaston Bachelard de Recherche sur l'Imaginaire et la Rationalité
1858:
1509:
516:
427:
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1363:
Rizo-Patron, Eileen; Casey, Edward S. and Wirth, Jason M. eds. (2017)
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Bachelard influenced many subsequent French philosophers, among them
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1889:. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 365–366.
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In non-Cartesian epistemology, there is no "simple substance" as in
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1959:
1866:, MLN, Vol. 101, No. 4, French Issue (Sep 1986), pp. 895–911.
1859:
L'imaginaire du concept: Bachelard, une épistémologie de la pureté
792:
630:
551:
467:
406:
72:
329:). He influenced many subsequent French philosophers, among them
2699:
1434:
Lima, Marcos Antonio Martins; Marinelli, Marcos (13 July 2011).
681:
Epistemological breaks: the discontinuity of scientific progress
3376:
2902:
1988:
1345:
Writing the History of Mathematics – Its Historical Development
724:, changing the sense of concepts (for instance, the concept of
1641:
Gaston Bachelard, l'inattendu : les chemins d'une volonté
1098:
The Philosophy of No: A Philosophy of the New Scientific Mind.
2898:
1130:
Clinamen, Bolton, 2002. Translation by M. McAllester Jones. (
1120:
Clinamen, Bolton, 2000. Translation by M. McAllester Jones. (
1100:
Orion Press, New York, 1968. Translation by G.C. Waterston. (
1794:
Marxism and Epistemology: Bachelard, Canguilhem and Foucault
279:
1931:
Eileen Rizo-Patron, Edward S. Casey, and Jason Wirth, eds.
1110:
Beacon Press, Boston, 1985. Translation by A. Goldhammer. (
1060:
The Poetics of Reverie: Childhood, Language, and the Cosmos
787:(Becoming being impossible to be known, in accordance with
720:
He showed that new theories integrated old theories in new
697:. To Bachelard, scientific developments such as Einstein's
270:
1090:
Orion Press, New York, 1964. Translation by Maria Jolas. (
595:
Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium
267:
1960:
Website of the Association of Friends of Gaston Bachelard
1926:
Gaston Bachelard Subversive Humanist: Texts and Readings,
1411:
Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers
837:
is to show the history of the (scientific) production of
264:
1940:
Gaston Bachelard, Philosopher of Science and Imagination
480:, but turned away from teaching to consider a career in
1588:
Gaston Bachelard: Critic of Science and the Imagination
1343:
Dauben, Joseph W. and Scriba, Christoph J. eds. (2002)
1325:
Gaston Bachelard: Critic of Science and the Imagination
958:
L'expérience de l'espace dans la physique contemporaine
360:
should be constructed and therefore different from the
380:
or opposition but complementary, therefore studies of
1523:
Tiles, Mary (2016). "Bachelard, Gaston (1884–1962)".
559:
when his daughter Suzanne entered the second degree.
1032:
L'activité rationaliste de la physique contemporaine
940:
Les intuitions atomistiques: essai de classification
767:
was that modern sciences had replaced the classical
476:
He first taught from 1902 to 1903 at the college of
276:
261:
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2022:
1686:
Gaston Bachelard: biography, activities, main ideas
1396:Serres, M. (1970) "La réforme et les sept péchés,"
273:
236:
210:
170:
154:
140:
124:
114:
104:
80:
61:
39:
23:
1872:, by Jean-Luc Pouliquen, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2007.
1782:(1969). Vrin, Paris, 11e édition augmentée, 2002.
1238:The Continuum Companion to Continental Philosophy
875:(1958) are among the most popular of his works:
709:, seemed simplistic and erroneous to Bachelard.
578:. On 25 August 1937 he was made a Knight of the
889:(1943), and the latter had a wide reception in
311:. To the latter, he introduced the concepts of
3425:Fourth Great Debate in international relations
1780:L’épistémologie historique de Gaston Bachelard
1563:"Gaston Bachelard and Contemporary Philosophy"
444:) in 1927, he wrote two theses: the main one,
219:, the poetics of space, rational materialism,
2914:
2000:
1933:Adventures in Phenomenology, Gaston Bachelard
1365:Adventures in Phenomenology: Gaston Bachelard
744:, but integrated it into a larger framework.
701:demonstrated the discontinuous nature of the
8:
3907:Academic staff of the University of Burgundy
3804:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3110:
1305:Expanding Hermeneutics: Visualism in Science
1236:Mullarkey, John and Lord, Beth eds. (2009).
562:from 1930 to 1940 he was a professor at the
1413:. London: Routledge. 1996. pp. 41–42.
928:La pluralisme cohérent de la chimie moderne
3384:
3373:
2937:
2921:
2907:
2899:
2007:
1993:
1985:
1942:, State University of New York Press, 2016
1935:, State University of New York Press, 2017
1883:Dagognet, F. (1970). "Bachelard, Gaston".
1789:(1972, réed. Maspero, Paris, 5e éd. 1980).
1671:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1258:The Historical Turn in Analytic Philosophy
693:, which considered science as a continual
31:
20:
3902:Academic staff of the University of Paris
3328:Relationship between religion and science
1824:, Les Belles Lettres, Encre marine, 2010.
1817:, Presses Universitaires de France, 1993.
1451:
850:reasoning. Instead, it produces regional
303:. He made contributions in the fields of
1870:Gaston Bachelard ou le rêve des origines
1801:Bachelard, Epistémologie, textes choisis
1490:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
1280:(1998): "Bachelard, Gaston (1884-1962)".
669:, the connection Bachelard made between
650:("The New Scientific Spirit", 1934) and
296:; 27 June 1884 – 16 October 1962) was a
3917:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
3649:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
1847:Actes du Colloque sur Bachelard de 1970
1627:Gaston Bachelard, travailleur solitaire
1307:, Northwestern University Press. p. 8.
1229:
3004:Machian positivism (empirio-criticism)
1664:
1006:La terre et les rêveries de la volonté
982:(1940), publisher Pellicanolibri, 1978
434:before finally becoming interested in
2805:Violence § Philosophical perspectives
1803:(1971). PUF, Paris, 6e édition, 1996.
1625:, op. cit., p. 120 et Daniel Giroux,
1612:. Académie Royale de Belgique. p. 19.
1556:
1554:
1132:La formation de l'esprit scientifique
1128:The Formation of the Scientific Mind.
652:La formation de l'esprit scientifique
291:
7:
1928:University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
1842:, R. Martin, R. Poirier and R. Taton
1815:Bachelard et la culture scientifique
1526:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1278:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
922:La valeur inductive de la relativité
566:and then was appointed chair in the
910:Essai sur la connaissance approchée
593:In 1958, he became a member of the
446:Essai sur la connaissance approchée
3281:Nomothetic–idiographic distinction
1949:, Cambridge University Press, 1984
1947:Bachelard: Science and Objectivity
1886:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1763:(1949, 2nd ed. of 1962, p. 104ff).
538:in 1927. His theses, supported by
426:in Bar-sur-Aube, and then studied
14:
3609:The Logic of Scientific Discovery
3593:Materialism and Empirio-criticism
3449:The Course in Positive Philosophy
1387:. Paris: La Découverte. pp. 43–4.
1016:La terre et les rêveries du repos
879:cites the former and Bachelard's
185:history and philosophy of science
3887:French philosophers of education
3872:20th-century French philosophers
1796:, New Left Books, London (1975).
748:Shifts in scientific perspective
736:in two different senses). Thus,
257:
242:
3601:History and Class Consciousness
1453:10.5007/2178-4582.2011v45n2p393
760:found this theory irrational).
368:is in continuous construction.
209:
3882:French philosophers of science
3465:Critical History of Philosophy
1726:, V (p. 120 French ed., 1934).
1400:, 42, Bachelard special issue.
1179:, as well as the sociologists
546:, were published. He became a
345:, as well as the sociologists
135:French historical epistemology
1:
3673:Knowledge and Human Interests
3009:Rankean historical positivism
1838:, M. Daumas, Gilles Granger,
1808:Bachelard, le jour et la nuit
1639:Wavelet, Jean-Michel (2019).
1623:Gaston Bachelard, l'inattendu
1535:10.4324/9780415249126-dd007-1
1240:. London: Continuum. p. 211.
1112:Le nouvel esprit scientifique
946:Le nouvel esprit scientifique
648:Le nouvel esprit scientifique
550:at the Faculty of Letters of
452:, and the complementary one,
3791:
3457:A General View of Positivism
1367:, SUNY Press. p. 123 n. 11.
1020:Earth and Reveries of Repose
618:and philosopher involved in
3657:Conjectures and Refutations
3489:The Logic of Modern Physics
3306:Deductive-nomological model
2730:Interpellation (philosophy)
2533:Non-representational theory
1834:, P. Costabel, F. Courtes,
1440:Revista de Ciências Humanas
1198:Constructivist epistemology
812:constructivist epistemology
626:research of high standing.
438:. To obtain his doctorate (
181:constructivist epistemology
3938:
3897:University of Paris alumni
3617:The Poverty of Historicism
3513:The Universe in a Nutshell
3497:Language, Truth, and Logic
3481:The Analysis of Sensations
2685:Existence precedes essence
1977:Works of Bachelard on-line
1970:, Université de Bourgogne
1704:HAL-SHS- Archives ouvertes
1586:Chimisso, Cristina (2013)
1323:Chimisso, Cristina (2013)
1203:Epistemological psychology
1138:Intuition of the Instant.
1122:La dialectique de la durée
1108:The New Scientific Spirit.
1010:Earth and Reveries of Will
974:The Psychoanalysis of Fire
952:La dialectique de la durée
867:The Psychoanalysis of Fire
845:, pervading technical and
763:One of his main theses in
685:Bachelard was critical of
3922:20th-century male writers
3877:20th-century French poets
3825:
3697:The Rhetoric of Economics
3383:
3378:Positivist-related debate
3372:
2936:
2878:
2820:Hermeneutics of suspicion
1698:Grange, Juliette (2015).
1072:L'engagement rationaliste
1066:La flamme d'une chandelle
1056:La poétique de la rêverie
1038:Le matérialisme rationnel
448:, under the direction of
241:
232:
100:
30:
3857:People from Bar-sur-Aube
3633:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
3350:Structural functionalism
3276:Naturalism in literature
2800:Transvaluation of values
2606:Apollonian and Dionysian
1904:Smith, James L. (2012).
1761:Le Rationalisme appliqué
1383:Dosse, François (2014).
1292:La materialisme rationel
1142:L'intuition de l'instant
1026:Le Rationalisme appliqué
934:L'Intuition de l'instant
675:obstacle épistémologique
662:of the scientific mind.
403:Early life and education
323:obstacle épistémologique
313:epistemological obstacle
3892:Sociologists of science
3760:Willard Van Orman Quine
3473:Idealism and Positivism
3065:Critique of metaphysics
2999:Sociological positivism
1918:10.13130/2035-7680/2418
1810:, Grasset, Paris, 1974.
1748:The New Scientific Mind
1736:The New Scientific Mind
1724:The New Scientific Mind
1606:Alain, Dierkens (1987)
1152:Intuitions atomistiques
1092:La poétique de l'espace
1045:La poétique de l'espace
765:The New Scientific Mind
754:theory of probabilities
601:Personal life and death
327:rupture épistémologique
177:Historical epistemology
109:20th-century philosophy
3862:French epistemologists
3805:
3774:Concepts in contention
3415:
3405:
3395:
3286:Objectivity in science
3184:Non-Euclidean geometry
3150:Methodological dualism
3111:
2870:Philosophy of language
2835:Linguistic determinism
2745:Master–slave dialectic
2720:Historical materialism
2016:Continental philosophy
1347:. Birkhaeuser. p. 33.
1118:Dialectic of Duration.
970:La psychanalyse du feu
738:non-Euclidean geometry
667:English-speaking world
557:University of Burgundy
473:
415:Bachelard was born in
412:
131:Continental philosophy
3681:The Poverty of Theory
3301:Philosophy of science
3190:Uncertainty principle
2750:Master–slave morality
2558:Psychoanalytic theory
1621:Jean-Michel Wavelet,
1590:. Routledge. p. 133.
1529:. London: Routledge.
1260:. Springer. Ch. 2.1.
1102:La philosophie du non
1088:The Poetics of Space.
886:Being and Nothingness
797:theories of knowledge
642:psychology of science
584:Philosophy of Science
572:philosophy of science
471:
410:
318:epistemological break
309:philosophy of science
217:Epistemological break
3689:The Scientific Image
3360:Structuration theory
3323:Qualitative research
3224:Criticism of science
3219:Critical rationalism
3155:Problem of induction
1688:. public-welfare.com
1643:(in French). Paris.
1385:Castoriadis. Une vie
1327:. Routledge. p. 51.
1256:Reck, E. ed. (2016)
1148:Atomistic Intuitions
1079:English translations
1050:The Poetics of Space
891:architectural theory
872:The Poetics of Space
852:histories of science
699:theory of relativity
629:In 1962, he died in
398:scientific research.
388:, or in other words
376:are not regarded as
3665:One-Dimensional Man
3113:Geisteswissenschaft
3096:Confirmation holism
2570:Speculative realism
1830:, by C. Bouligand,
1806:Dominique Lecourt,
1799:Dominique Lecourt,
1785:Dominique Lecourt,
996:L'air et les songes
905:His works include:
785:theory of knowledge
740:did not contradict
703:history of sciences
576:University of Paris
564:University of Dijon
510:wireless telegraphy
441:doctorat ès lettres
362:positivist sciences
356:For Bachelard, the
149:University of Paris
145:University of Dijon
85:University of Paris
3867:Poststructuralists
3740:Hans-Georg Gadamer
3541:Alexander Bogdanov
3417:Positivismusstreit
3212:Post-behavioralism
3176:history of science
3028:Principal concepts
2984:Logical positivism
2690:Existential crisis
2621:Binary oppositions
2548:Post-structuralism
1924:McAllester Jones,
1864:Françoise Gaillard
1852:Colloque de Cerisy
1629:, op. cit., p. 55.
986:L'eau et les rêves
777:process philosophy
742:Euclidean geometry
523:at the college of
474:
419:, France in 1884.
413:
364:; in other words,
119:Western philosophy
16:French philosopher
3912:French male poets
3834:
3833:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3715:Theodor W. Adorno
3531:Richard Avenarius
3407:Werturteilsstreit
3368:
3367:
3316:Sense-data theory
3014:Polish positivism
2989:Positivist school
2896:
2895:
2830:Linguistic theory
2735:Intersubjectivity
1910:Other Modernities
1836:François Dagognet
1776:Dominique Lecourt
1650:978-2-343-18246-9
1303:Ihde, Don (1999)
1213:Suzanne Bachelard
1173:Dominique Lecourt
828:illusion première
614:Suzanne became a
532:Doctor of Letters
358:scientific object
339:Dominique Lecourt
250:
249:
189:philosophy of art
3929:
3810:
3796:
3720:Gaston Bachelard
3641:Truth and Method
3625:World Hypotheses
3505:The Two Cultures
3420:
3410:
3400:
3385:
3374:
3116:
3070:Unity of science
2979:Legal positivism
2938:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2900:
2486:Frankfurt School
2009:
2002:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1921:
1900:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1662:
1636:
1630:
1619:
1613:
1604:
1598:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1467:Gaston Bachelard
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1361:
1355:
1341:
1335:
1321:
1315:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1254:
1248:
1234:
1052:, 1964 and 2014)
990:Water and Dreams
881:Water and Dreams
877:Jean-Paul Sartre
817:Bachelard was a
620:phenomenological
544:Léon Brunschvicg
506:electromagnetism
458:Léon Brunschvicg
456:, supervised by
295:
293:[baʃlaʁ]
290:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
253:Gaston Bachelard
246:
165:Léon Brunschvicg
156:Doctoral advisor
68:
49:
47:
35:
25:Gaston Bachelard
21:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3813:
3769:
3735:Paul Feyerabend
3730:Wilhelm Dilthey
3703:
3580:
3519:
3436:
3379:
3364:
3311:Ramsey sentence
3266:Instrumentalism
3195:
3173:
3171:paradigm shifts
3164:
3101:Critical theory
3079:
3075:Verificationism
3023:
3019:Russian Machism
2967:
2932:
2927:
2897:
2892:
2874:
2865:Postcolonialism
2860:Linguistic turn
2790:Totalitarianism
2755:Oedipus complex
2616:Being in itself
2579:
2491:German idealism
2471:Critical theory
2454:
2370:Ortega y Gasset
2018:
2013:
1979:
1971:
1962:
1956:
1938:Roch C. Smith,
1903:
1897:
1882:
1879:
1877:Further reading
1772:
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1502:10.2307/2106717
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1298:
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1285:
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1255:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1208:Ophelia complex
1193:
1181:Pierre Bourdieu
1177:Jacques Derrida
1169:Louis Althusser
1165:Michel Foucault
1161:
1081:
903:
750:
715:Louis Althusser
683:
644:
639:
624:epistemological
603:
580:Legion of Honor
466:
405:
347:Pierre Bourdieu
343:Jacques Derrida
335:Louis Althusser
331:Michel Foucault
288:
260:
256:
223:
213:
201:literary theory
179:
173:
163:
147:
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87:
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65:16 October 1962
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3556:Émile Durkheim
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3397:Methodenstreit
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3338:Social science
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3291:Operationalism
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3200:Related topics
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3106:Falsifiability
3103:
3098:
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3091:Antipositivism
3087:
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2631:Class struggle
2628:
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2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Always already
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
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2578:
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2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2553:Psychoanalysis
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Non-philosophy
2525:
2523:Neo-Kantianism
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2481:Existentialism
2478:
2476:Deconstruction
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2460:
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1954:External links
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3750:György Lukács
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3571:Berlin Circle
3569:
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3554:
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3551:Eugen Dühring
3549:
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3441:Contributions
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3355:Structuralism
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3296:Phenomenalism
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3055:Justification
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2850:Media studies
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2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Will to power
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
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2798:
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2740:Leap of faith
2738:
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2575:Structuralism
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2568:
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2563:
2559:
2556:
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2554:
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2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Postmodernism
2541:
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2538:Phenomenology
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2534:
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2350:Merleau-Ponty
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2017:
2010:
2005:
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1998:
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1991:
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1469:. babelio.com
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815:
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786:
782:
781:ontologically
778:
774:
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766:
761:
759:
755:
747:
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743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Auguste Comte
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
658:as a kind of
657:
653:
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641:
636:
634:
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627:
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621:
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616:mathematician
612:
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490:radioactivity
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212:Notable ideas
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91:
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3599:
3591:
3511:
3503:
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3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3431:Science wars
3229:Epistemology
3160:Reflectivism
3120:Hermeneutics
2972:Declinations
2948:Antihumanism
2941:Perspectives
2780:Ressentiment
2665:Death of God
2657:
2651:Postcritique
2611:Authenticity
2501:Hermeneutics
2405:Schopenhauer
2310:Lévi-Strauss
2054:
2023:Philosophers
1946:
1945:Mary Tiles,
1939:
1932:
1925:
1909:
1884:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1840:J. Hyppolite
1827:
1821:
1820:Didier Gil,
1814:
1813:Didier Gil,
1807:
1800:
1793:
1792:D. Lecourt,
1786:
1779:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:
1693:
1681:
1640:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1587:
1582:
1573:
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1397:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1364:
1359:
1344:
1339:
1324:
1319:
1304:
1299:
1294:. Paris: PUF
1291:
1286:
1276:
1272:
1257:
1252:
1237:
1232:
1185:Bruno Latour
1162:
1151:
1147:
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927:
921:
915:
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904:
901:Bibliography
884:
880:
870:
866:
856:
835:epistemology
833:The role of
832:
827:
816:
804:Cartesianism
801:
764:
762:
751:
719:
711:
684:
674:
664:
656:epistemology
651:
647:
645:
628:
604:
592:
561:
529:
525:Bar-sur-Aube
514:
475:
453:
445:
439:
424:postal clerk
421:
417:Bar-sur-Aube
414:
386:a posteriori
355:
351:Bruno Latour
326:
322:
316:
312:
252:
251:
225:
141:Institutions
67:(1962-10-16)
54:Bar-sur-Aube
50:27 June 1884
18:
3852:1962 deaths
3847:1884 births
3786:Objectivity
3755:Karl Popper
3745:Thomas Kuhn
3725:Mario Bunge
3476:(1879–1884)
3411:(1909–1959)
3145:Metaphysics
3125:Historicism
3040:Demarcation
3035:Consilience
2958:Rationalism
2855:Film theory
2765:Ontopoetics
2670:Death drive
2646:Ideological
2565:Romanticism
2496:Hegelianism
2270:Kierkegaard
2130:Castoriadis
2090:de Beauvoir
2075:Baudrillard
1980:(in French)
1972:(in French)
1963:(in French)
1912:: 156–167.
1496:(1): 1–24.
869:(1938) and
863:imagination
847:pedagogical
819:rationalist
758:Lord Kelvin
486:mathematics
374:rationalism
366:information
301:philosopher
3841:Categories
3566:Ernst Mach
3561:Ernst Laas
3536:A. J. Ayer
3524:Proponents
3343:Philosophy
3140:Humanities
3084:Antitheses
2953:Empiricism
2930:Positivism
2810:Wertkritik
2715:Hauntology
2680:Difference
2675:Différance
2415:Sloterdijk
2285:Kołakowski
1659:1127647176
1313:0810116065
1246:0826498302
1225:References
1159:Influenced
861:, and the
728:, used by
691:positivism
671:psychology
611:philosophy
502:relativity
482:telegraphy
436:philosophy
370:Empiricism
46:1884-06-27
3807:Verstehen
3793:Phronesis
3781:Knowledge
3765:Max Weber
3585:Criticism
3333:Sociology
3271:Modernism
3249:pluralism
3234:anarchism
3130:Historism
3050:Induction
2963:Scientism
2845:Semiotics
2840:Semantics
2825:Discourse
2705:Genealogy
2695:Facticity
2466:Absurdism
2395:Schelling
2365:Nietzsche
2240:Heidegger
2055:Bachelard
2040:Althusser
1667:cite book
1570:Parrhesia
823:Cartesian
808:Intuition
789:Aristotle
773:substance
722:paradigms
521:chemistry
432:chemistry
422:He was a
394:dialectic
237:Signature
205:education
81:Education
3828:Category
3244:nihilism
3239:idealism
3169:Related
3045:Evidence
2883:Category
2725:Ideology
2641:Immanent
2636:Critique
2591:Alterity
2584:Concepts
2459:Theories
2445:Williams
2420:Spengler
2375:Rancière
2305:Lefebvre
2290:Kristeva
2255:Irigaray
2250:Ingarden
2230:Habermas
2220:Guattari
2205:Foucault
2180:Eagleton
2125:Cassirer
2105:Bourdieu
2100:Blanchot
2085:Benjamin
2070:Bataille
1750:, VI, 6.
1191:See also
1058:(1960) (
1048:(1957) (
1018:(1948) (
1008:(1948) (
998:(1943) (
988:(1942) (
972:(1938) (
843:concrete
839:concepts
769:ontology
734:Einstein
695:progress
588:Sorbonne
548:lecturer
540:Abel Rey
536:Sorbonne
450:Abel Rey
382:a priori
307:and the
161:Abel Rey
92:, 1920;
75:, France
56:, France
3708:Critics
3433:(1990s)
3427:(1980s)
3421:(1960s)
3401:(1890s)
3254:realism
3186:(1830s)
3174:in the
2710:Habitus
2626:Boredom
2516:Freudo-
2511:Western
2506:Marxism
2430:Strauss
2400:Schmitt
2340:Marcuse
2330:Lyotard
2320:Luhmann
2315:Levinas
2265:Jaspers
2260:Jameson
2245:Husserl
2225:Gramsci
2215:Gentile
2210:Gadamer
2170:Dilthey
2165:Derrida
2160:Deleuze
2095:Bergson
2065:Barthes
2035:Agamben
1770:Sources
1576:: 1–16.
1510:2106717
1062:, 1969)
1022:, 2011)
1012:, 2002)
1002:, 1988)
992:, 1983)
976:, 1964)
883:in his
821:in the
771:of the
665:In the
574:at the
568:history
534:at the
517:physics
494:quantum
478:Sézanne
428:physics
378:dualism
305:poetics
289:French:
96:, 1927)
3700:(1986)
3692:(1980)
3684:(1978)
3676:(1968)
3668:(1964)
3660:(1963)
3652:(1962)
3644:(1960)
3636:(1951)
3628:(1942)
3620:(1936)
3612:(1934)
3604:(1923)
3596:(1909)
3516:(2001)
3508:(1959)
3500:(1936)
3492:(1927)
3484:(1886)
3468:(1869)
3460:(1848)
3452:(1830)
3388:Method
3261:Holism
3192:(1927)
2659:Dasein
2410:Serres
2390:Sartre
2380:Ricœur
2335:Marcel
2325:Lukács
2300:Latour
2275:Kojève
2200:Fisher
2195:Fichte
2185:Engels
2155:Debord
2150:de Man
2140:Cixous
2135:Cioran
2115:Butler
2080:Bauman
2060:Badiou
2045:Arendt
2030:Adorno
1893:
1657:
1647:
1594:
1541:
1508:
1417:
1371:
1351:
1331:
1311:
1264:
1244:
1074:(1972)
1068:(1961)
1040:(1953)
1034:(1951)
1028:(1949)
966:(1938)
960:(1937)
954:(1936)
948:(1934)
942:(1933)
936:(1932)
930:(1932)
924:(1929)
918:(1928)
912:(1928)
730:Newton
607:Voigny
464:Career
390:reason
298:French
126:School
115:Region
3800:Truth
2888:Index
2795:Trace
2775:Power
2770:Other
2760:Ontic
2601:Angst
2450:Žižek
2435:Weber
2425:Stein
2360:Negri
2355:Nancy
2295:Lacan
2280:Koyré
2235:Hegel
2190:Fanon
2145:Croce
2120:Camus
2110:Buber
1709:3 May
1566:(PDF)
1506:JSTOR
1446:(2).
1398:L'Arc
793:Plato
631:Paris
552:Dijon
73:Paris
2700:Gaze
2440:Weil
2385:Said
2345:Marx
2050:Aron
1891:ISBN
1711:2020
1673:link
1655:OCLC
1645:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1183:and
1175:and
830:)."
791:and
732:and
726:mass
637:Work
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