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Frommel emphasized the priority of man's sense of obligation to his consciousness either of self or of God. Here he appealed to the current psychology of the subconscious for confirmation of his analysis, by which he claimed to transcend mere intellectualism. In his language on this fundamental point
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as meeting the demands of the moral consciousness; but he developed even further than Vinet the psychological analysis of conscience and the method of verifying every doctrine by direct reference to spiritual experience. Both made much of moral individuality or personality as the crown and criterion
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But while Vinet laid most stress on the liberty from human authority essential to the moral consciousness, the changed needs of the age caused
Frommel to develop rather the aspect of man's dependence as a moral being upon God's spiritual initiative, "the conditional nature of his liberty." "Liberty
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of the Paris School—as giving up a real and unifying faith. His influence on men, especially the student class, was greatly enhanced by the religious force and charm of his personality. Finally, like Vinet, he was a man of letters and a penetrating critic of men and systems.
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is not the primary, but the secondary characteristic" of conscience; "before being free, it is the subject of obligation." On this depends its objectivity as a real revelation of the Divine Will.
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he was perhaps too jealous of admitting an ideal element as implicit in the feeling of obligation. Still he did well in insisting on priority to self-conscious thought as a mark of
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Further, he found in the
Christian revelation the same characteristics as belonged to the universal revelation involved in conscience, viz.,
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under German occupation in 1870 and he spent the rest of his life in
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Like Vinet, he derived his philosophy of religion from a peculiarly deep experience of the Gospel of
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objectivity in the case of moral, no less than of physical experience.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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amid the mental conditions marking the end of the 19th century.
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