4472:
218:, dull, or aching. The characteristic of cramping abdominal pain is that it comes in brief waves, builds to a peak, and then abruptly stops for a period during which there is no more pain. The pain flares up and off periodically. The most common cause of persistent dull or aching abdominal pain is edema or distention of the wall of a hollow viscus. A dull or aching pain may also be felt due to a stretch in the liver and spleen capsules.
2924:
pregnancy. Secondly, pregnancy modifies the natural history and clinical manifestation of numerous abdominal disorders. Third, pregnancy modifies and limits the diagnostic assessment. For instance, concerns about fetal safety during pregnancy are raised by invasive exams and radiologic testing. Fourth, while receiving therapy during pregnancy, the mother's and the fetus' interests need to be taken into account.
2061:
like these can avoid future abdominal issues, resulting in the need of professional assistance. In the emergency department, a person presenting with abdominal pain may initially require IV fluids due to decreased intake secondary to abdominal pain and possible emesis or vomiting. Treatment for abdominal pain includes analgesia, such as non-opioid (ketorolac) and opioid medications (
1905:; i.e. a narrative of the current symptoms such as the onset, location, duration, character, aggravating or relieving factors, and temporal nature of the pain. Identifying other possible factors may aid in the diagnosis of the underlying cause of abdominal pain, such as recent travel, recent contact with other ill individuals, and for females, a thorough
60:
2923:
Unique clinical challenges arise when pregnant women experience abdominal pain. First off, there are many possible causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy. These include intraabdominal diseases that arise incidentally during pregnancy as well as obstetric or gynecologic disorders associated with
2914:
The challenge of obtaining a sufficient history from an elderly patient can be attributed to multiple factors. Reduced memory or hearing could make the issue worse. It is common to encounter stoicism combined with a fear of losing one's independence if a serious condition is discovered. Changes in
2060:
The management of abdominal pain depends on many factors, including the etiology of the pain. Some dietary changes that some may participate in are: resting after a meal, chewing food completely and slowly, and avoiding stressful and high excitement situations after a meal. Some at home strategies
1877:
Each subsection of the gut has an associated visceral afferent nerve that transmits sensory information from the viscera to the spinal cord, traveling with the autonomic sympathetic nerves. The visceral sensory information from the gut traveling to the spinal cord, termed the visceral afferent, is
210:
The onset of abdominal pain can be abrupt, quick, or gradual. Sudden onset pain happens in a split second. Rapidly onset pain starts mild and gets worse over the next few minutes. Pain that gradually intensifies only after several hours or even days has passed is referred to as gradual
2899:
More time and resources are used on older patients with abdominal pain than on any other patient presentation in the emergency department (ED). Compared to younger patients with the same complaint, their length of stay is 20% longer, they need to be admitted almost half the time, and they need
2861:
One well-known aspect of primary health care is its low prevalence of potentially dangerous abdominal pain causes. Patients with abdominal pain have a higher percentage of unexplained complaints (category "no diagnosis") than patients with other symptoms (such as
162:
associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a
4539:
4524:
4509:
2886:(ED) visits in the United States for abdominal pain increased 18% from 2006 through to 2011. This was the largest increase out of 20 common conditions seen in the ED. The rate of ED use for nausea and vomiting also increased 18%.
1878:
non-specific and overlaps with the somatic afferent nerves, which are very specific. Therefore, visceral afferent information traveling to the spinal cord can present in the distribution of the somatic afferent nerve; this is why
4670:
1128:
The location of abdominal pain can provide information about what may be causing the pain. The abdomen can be divided into four regions called quadrants. Locations and associated conditions include:
545:
Somatic-visceral referral: pain in the skin, muscles, and bone that causes referred pain in the viscera (of the abdomen such as the stomach, kidneys, bladder, etc.)
4663:
2907:, but it does reduce their functionality. The elderly person's ability to fight infection is weakened as a result. Additionally, they have changed the strength and integrity of their skin and
5307:
289:
is a condition where there is a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain requiring immediate recognition and management of the underlying cause. The underlying cause may involve infection,
4656:
1882:
initially presents with T10 periumbilical pain when it first begins and becomes T12 pain as the abdominal wall peritoneum (which is rich with somatic afferent nerves) is involved.
1924:
Discussing with the patient any health-related behaviors (e.g. tobacco use, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexual activity) that might make certain diagnoses more likely.
2029:
If diagnosis remains unclear after history, examination, and basic investigations as above, then more advanced investigations may reveal a diagnosis. Such tests include:
539:
Viscero-visceral referral: happens when one organ with afferent nerves close to another organ is sensitized or inflamed (in this case any of the abdominal viscera)
2799:
2738:
2874:. In general, it is discovered that 20% to 25% of patients with abdominal pain have a serious condition that necessitates admission to an acute care hospital.
978:
2077:
can worsen some intra-abdominal processes. Patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain may receive a "GI cocktail" that includes an
2109:(Buscopan) is used to treat cramping abdominal pain with some success. Surgical management for causes of abdominal pain includes but is not limited to
775:
1921:
Discussing with the patient any family history of disease processes, focusing on conditions that might resemble the patient's current presentation.
3776:
3600:
3573:
3527:
3502:
3477:
3441:
3416:
3344:
3072:
542:
Viscero-somatic referral: any pain in the viscera that causes pain in the muscle, bone, and skin (of the abdomen in case of abdominal pain)
771:
1428:
725:
450:
1055:
4475:
1149:
2667:
2631:
2329:
242:(5%). In about 30% of cases, the cause is not determined. About 10% of cases have a more serious cause including gallbladder (
2679:
2671:
2635:
1902:
4891:
1915:
Clarifying the patient's current medication regimen, including prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, and supplements.
1319:
3033:
3590:
1890:
A thorough patient history and physical examination is used to better understand the underlying cause of abdominal pain.
3950:
2812:
2805:
2751:
2744:
2675:
2592:
1189:
1157:
1117:(IBS) (affecting up to 20% of the population, IBS is the most common cause of recurrent and intermittent abdominal pain)
1104:
612:
395:
4648:
1469:
900:
634:
375:
2911:, which are physical barriers to infection. It is well known that older patients experience altered pain perception.
131:
4486:
2611:
2605:
1963:
1731:
1689:
889:
517:
477:
416:
5276:
2620:
2414:
1084:
275:
191:
5185:
3699:
Tytgat GN (2007). "Hyoscine butylbromide: a review of its use in the treatment of abdominal cramping and pain".
4554:
2843:
2481:
2404:
2274:
1172:
1114:
231:
183:
143:
4030:
RodrĂguez-Lomba E, Pulido-PĂ©rez A, Ricciardi R, Marcello PW, Kuki I, Nakane S, et al. (1 February 1976).
5302:
5231:
4811:
4752:
3546:
Neumayer L, Dangleben DA, Fraser S, Gefen J, Maa J, Mann BD (2013). "11: Abdominal Wall, Including Hernia".
2707:
2598:
4695:
4683:
4409:
4308:
4250:
4196:
3896:
3842:
2833:
2772:
2532:
2311:
2209:
1523:
1007:
164:
4031:
4969:
2464:
2383:
1982:
1366:
1356:
1204:
1047:
1038:
580:
5163:
4916:
4826:
1912:
Learning about the patient's past medical history, focusing on any prior issues or surgical procedures.
5261:
5251:
5190:
5143:
5126:
5045:
4886:
4757:
4481:
2933:
2883:
2699:
2588:
2506:
2494:
2440:
2359:
1990:
1978:
1967:
1959:
1566:
1551:
1447:
1361:
1238:
1161:
309:
31:
4408:
Akasaka E, Sawamura D, Rokunohe D, Sawamura D, Talukdar R, Reddy DN, et al. (1 February 2006).
5312:
4895:
4821:
4796:
4543:
2090:
2033:
1936:
1440:
1379:
1153:
1141:
944:
788:
763:
715:
572:
509:
383:
317:
271:
4911:
5093:
5022:
4954:
4945:
4679:
4445:
4307:
Shinar Z, Dembitsky W, Smith ME, Moak JH, Traub SJ, Saghafian S, et al. (1 September 2011).
4170:
4005:
3724:
2790:
2729:
2434:
2353:
2240:
2213:
2023:
1898:
1847:
1707:
1508:
1177:
1031:
1003:
711:
564:
424:
294:
247:
5246:
5138:
5027:
4791:
4032:"Abdominal pain: An analysis of 1,000 consecutive cases in a university hospital emergency room"
3970:"Old people in the emergency room: age-related differences in emergency department use and care"
1407:
707:
420:
5281:
5271:
5266:
5216:
5148:
5065:
4839:
4605:
4565:
4518:
4437:
4429:
4396:
4378:
4336:
4328:
4278:
4270:
4224:
4216:
4162:
4154:
4115:
4059:
4051:
3997:
3989:
3924:
3916:
3870:
3862:
3823:
3815:
3772:
3716:
3632:
3596:
3569:
3523:
3498:
3473:
3437:
3412:
3389:
3381:
3340:
3309:
3301:
3229:
3193:
3142:
3124:
3078:
3068:
3015:
2963:
2820:
2816:
2759:
2755:
2692:
2688:
2649:
2579:
2571:
2457:
2448:
2376:
2367:
2282:
1947:
1803:
1645:
1527:
1484:
1432:
1387:
1372:
1335:
1297:
1232:
1167:
1080:
940:
883:
642:
473:
469:
446:
199:
72:
2992:
Viniol A, Keunecke C, Biroga T, Stadje R, Dornieden K, Bösner S, et al. (October 2014).
5236:
5158:
4979:
4906:
4816:
4471:
4421:
4386:
4368:
4320:
4262:
4208:
4146:
4105:
4097:
4043:
3981:
3908:
3854:
3805:
3708:
3373:
3332:
3291:
3183:
3173:
3132:
3116:
3005:
2548:
2477:
2400:
2194:
2106:
2094:
1962:
in order to identify important physical signs that might clarify the diagnosis, including a
1940:
1859:
1855:
1744:
1740:
1718:
1145:
1017:
767:
267:
127:
123:
77:
4249:
Souza Fd, Ferreira CH, Young RC, Cerit L, Lejong M, Louryan S, et al. (1 March 2003).
3105:"Ischaemic colitis: practical challenges and evidence-based recommendations for management"
5070:
4959:
4866:
4834:
4779:
4725:
2908:
2825:
2764:
2558:
2515:
2473:
2396:
2317:
2226:
2110:
1851:
1712:
1531:
1492:
1383:
1070:
906:
875:
792:
687:
660:
513:
485:
227:
179:
139:
119:
111:
81:
5241:
4844:
4806:
4801:
3336:
4195:
Isani MA, Kim ES, Mateu PB, Tormo FB, Thilakarathna K, Xie G, et al. (1 May 2006).
3841:
Gulacti U, Arslan E, Ooi MW, Tuck J, Mattu A, Dubosh NM, et al. (1 February 2001).
5221:
5211:
5153:
5088:
4391:
4356:
4150:
4110:
4085:
3985:
3592:
Advanced Health
Assessment and Differential Diagnosis: Essentials for Clinical Practice
3188:
3161:
3137:
3104:
2938:
2829:
2780:
2768:
2006:
1586:
1519:
1504:
1465:
1451:
1242:
1222:
1193:
1059:
982:
951:
934:
865:
824:
796:
703:
604:
596:
588:
449:
secondary to adhesions caused by previous surgeries,
403:
367:
255:
195:
107:
4266:
3912:
3895:
Chandramohan R, Pari L, Schrock JW, Lum M, Ă–rnek N, Usta G, et al. (1 May 1991).
3858:
3377:
2578:
If ruptured ectopic pregnancy, the patient may present with peritoneal irritation and
5296:
5226:
5007:
4901:
4881:
4047:
3712:
3296:
3279:
2882:
Abdominal pain is the reason about 3% of adults see their family physician. Rates of
2552:
2188:
2102:
1951:
1863:
1823:
1775:
1749:
1666:
1628:
1582:
1539:
1476:
1461:
1287:
1279:
1218:
989:
966:
922:
916:
839:
814:
527:
359:
286:
99:
4548:
4449:
4174:
4009:
3728:
5103:
5098:
4964:
4871:
4730:
4101:
2847:
2786:
2725:
2719:
2703:
2655:
2654:
Abdominal pain (sudden onset of epigastric or back pain), hypertension, new aortic
2444:
2420:
2363:
2335:
2295:
2205:
2174:
2151:
2114:
1879:
1578:
1545:
1488:
1436:
1351:
1346:
1329:
1309:
1269:
1257:
1246:
1228:
1208:
1181:
1011:
974:
930:
912:
879:
850:
784:
741:
691:
651:
399:
363:
355:
321:
290:
259:
239:
187:
103:
95:
3650:
3253:
4616:
4559:
3120:
5256:
5133:
4764:
4622:
4600:
2871:
2837:
2663:
2428:
2347:
2343:
2049:
1986:
1906:
1827:
1671:
1291:
1261:
1135:
1094:
1063:
1021:
970:
818:
800:
745:
699:
466:
443:
371:
4570:
4324:
3221:
2732:), abdominal pain (RUQ), right rib pain, right flank pain, right shoulder pain
5206:
5017:
4949:
4940:
4932:
4922:
4774:
4769:
4735:
4720:
4611:
4425:
4212:
3620:
3178:
2867:
2387:
2118:
2086:
2082:
2040:
2012:
2002:
1932:
1871:
1779:
1765:
1099:
962:
759:
755:
4433:
4382:
4373:
4332:
4274:
4220:
4158:
4055:
3993:
3920:
3866:
3819:
3794:"Studies of the symptom abdominal pain—a systematic review and meta-analysis"
3385:
3305:
3128:
3062:
2994:"Studies of the symptom abdominal pain—a systematic review and meta-analysis"
2641:
If patient is unstable: IV fluid resuscitation, urgent surgical consultation
2625:
Abdominal pain, flank pain, back pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass
4747:
4740:
4715:
4576:
4533:
4134:
3810:
3793:
3010:
2993:
2562:
2098:
2074:
2070:
2045:
1831:
1807:
1640:
1496:
1480:
1412:
1315:
1283:
1265:
1214:
1185:
1051:
999:
835:
780:
733:
695:
458:
379:
243:
235:
17:
4441:
4400:
4340:
4282:
4228:
4166:
4119:
3969:
3874:
3827:
3720:
3636:
3361:
3313:
3233:
3197:
3146:
3082:
3019:
2967:
1338:, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer
4063:
4001:
3928:
3393:
5121:
5050:
4974:
4710:
4627:
2527:
2291:
2066:
2062:
1839:
1835:
1815:
1698:
1676:
1656:
1457:
1397:
1301:
1067:
1027:
869:
770:, blood vessel compression (such as celiac artery compression syndrome),
751:
729:
481:
305:
251:
115:
214:
One can describe abdominal pain as either continuous or sporadic and as
5060:
5055:
4784:
4687:
3103:
Hung A, Calderbank T, Samaan MA, Plumb AA, Webster G (1 January 2021).
2863:
2270:
2078:
1994:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1726:
1650:
1636:
1623:
1500:
1402:
1343:
Peri-umbilical (the area around the umbilicus, i.e., the belly button)
1273:
926:
387:
186:. About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as
175:
159:
4501:
2870:). Most people who suffer from stomach pain have a benign issue, like
2245:
Abdominal pain (sharp epigastric, shooting to back), nausea, vomiting
5177:
4705:
4528:
4513:
2904:
2424:
2339:
2251:
1998:
1867:
1787:
1754:
1684:
1592:
1417:
1043:
995:
721:
489:
454:
407:
301:
263:
30:"Stomach ache" redirects here. For the 2014 album by Frank Iero, see
3522:(Third ed.). Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. pp. 253–420.
2193:
Abdominal pain (RUQ, radiates epigastric), nausea, vomiting, fever,
59:
4636:
5012:
4861:
2018:
1928:
1843:
1819:
1759:
1702:
1661:
1305:
737:
313:
215:
4581:
3957:(179). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
3568:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2958:
Patterson JW, Dominique E (14 November 2018). "Acute
Abdomenal".
4086:"Aging of the Immune System. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets"
2288:
1858:. The hindgut contains the distal half of the transverse colon,
171:
4652:
2537:
Cecal volvulus: Abdominal pain (acute onset), nausea, vomiting
320:. A common condition associated with acute abdominal pain is
67:
Abdominal pain can be characterized by the region it affects.
2610:
If patient is stable: continue diagnostic workup, establish
53:
Stomach ache, tummy ache, belly ache, belly pain, gastralgia
3897:"Probability of appendicitis before and after observation"
2842:
If patient is stable: medical management, consultation of
1973:
Additional investigations that can aid diagnosis include:
1954:
and pain originating in the muscles of the abdominal wall.
1782:
pain. The contents of the abdomen can be divided into the
3767:
Sherman SC, Cico SJ, Nordquist E, Ross C, Wang E (2016).
3566:
Bates' Guide to
Physical Examination & History Taking
3331:(1st ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
2129:
Below is a brief overview of abdominal pain emergencies.
1966:, lung exam, thorough abdominal exam, and for females, a
1958:
After gathering a thorough history, one should perform a
4357:"Mechanisms and management of functional abdominal pain"
2793:), abdominal pain (LUQ), left rib pain, left flank pain
2591:, urine pregnancy test followed with quantitative blood
2535:: Abdominal pain (>2 days, distention, constipation)
1927:
Reviewing the presence of non-abdominal symptoms (e.g.,
1386:, inflammation, intestinal spasm, functional disorders,
3949:
Skiner HG, Blanchard J, Elixhauser A (September 2014).
3327:
Collantes
Celador E, Rudiger J, Tameem A, eds. (2022).
3160:
Spangler R, Van Pham T, Khoujah D, Martinez JP (2014).
2604:
If patient is unstable: IV fluid resuscitation, urgent
1569:(nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection
1554:(nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection
3518:
Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AW (2015). "4: Abdomen".
3472:. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Inc. pp. 209–240.
2915:
mental status, whether acute or chronic, are common.
4491:
3843:"Abdominal Pain and Emergency Department Evaluation"
5199:
5176:
5114:
5081:
5038:
4995:
4988:
4931:
4853:
4694:
4591:
4495:
4309:"Abdominal pain in the ED: a 35 year retrospective"
3280:"Referred Muscle Pain: Basic and Clinical Findings"
3056:
3054:
87:
71:
49:
44:
3951:"Trends in Emergency Department Visits, 2006–2011"
3792:A V, C K, T B, R S, K D, S B, et al. (2014).
3614:
3612:
3589:Karen M. Myrick, Laima Karosas (6 December 2019).
1943:) that can further clarify the diagnostic picture.
202:. In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear.
4096:(Suppl 5). American Thoracic Society: S422–S428.
2502:Imaging (abdominal X-ray or CT showing free air)
2493:Abdominal pain (sudden onset of localized pain),
2352:Clinical (history & physical exam, including
2101:. After addressing pain, there may be a role for
1918:Confirming the patient's drug and food allergies.
226:The most frequent reasons for abdominal pain are
5308:Symptoms and signs: Digestive system and abdomen
3762:
3760:
3758:
3541:
3539:
3497:. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. pp. 157–231.
3162:"Abdominal emergencies in the geriatric patient"
1893:The process of gathering a history may include:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3651:"Indigestion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
3559:
3557:
3228:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2433:Clinical (history and physical exam, including
3621:"Evaluation of acute abdominal pain in adults"
676:A more extensive list includes the following:
4664:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3220:Patterson JW, Kashyap S, Dominique E (2023),
979:abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome
8:
4135:"Sensitivity to Pain in Relationship to Age"
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3595:. Springer Publishing Company. p. 250.
2643:If patient is stable: admit for observation
4201:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
3847:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
3278:Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P (March 2001).
3166:International Journal of Emergency Medicine
2806:Diagnostic peritoneal aspiration and lavage
2745:Diagnostic peritoneal aspiration and lavage
2105:treatment in some cases of abdominal pain.
4992:
4671:
4657:
4649:
4492:
4313:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
4139:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
3974:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2073:is dependent on the cause of the pain, as
324:. Here is a list of acute abdomen causes:
266:(1%). More common in those who are older,
58:
41:
4390:
4372:
4255:Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
4109:
3809:
3362:"Gynecologic causes of the acute abdomen"
3295:
3187:
3177:
3136:
3009:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
776:postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
4361:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
3619:Cartwright SL, Knudson MP (April 2008).
2903:Age does not reduce the total number of
2302:Imaging (abdominal X-ray, abdominal CT)
2156:Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever
2131:
1605:
326:
4090:Annals of the American Thoracic Society
3550:. Baltimore, MD: Wolters Kluwer Health.
2950:
2225:General surgery consultation, possible
2173:General surgery consultation, possible
1897:Identifying more information about the
2802:examination, CT of abdomen and pelvis
2741:examination, CT of abdomen and pelvis
2662:Imaging: Chest X-ray (showing widened
2017:Imaging including chest and abdominal
1838:. The midgut contains portions of the
3366:The Surgical Clinics of North America
2796:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2735:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2660:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2628:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2585:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2541:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2500:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2300:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2248:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2199:Clinical (history and physical exam)
2162:Clinical (history and physical exam)
1774:Abdominal pain can be referred to as
7:
3769:Atlas of Clinical Emergency Medicine
3258:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3038:Merriam-Webster (Medical dictionary)
2698:Medications: reduce blood pressure (
2576:Abdominal and pelvic pain, bleeding
2306:Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)
2261:Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)
2220:Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)
2168:Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)
2158:Periumbilical pain, migrates to RLQ
4145:(11). J Am Geriatr Soc: 1037–1044.
2257:Imaging (abdominal CT, ultrasound)
772:superior mesenteric artery syndrome
234:(8%), urinary tract problems (5%),
4414:Pediatric Clinics of North America
4151:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1964.tb00652.x
3986:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb04660.x
3470:The Developing Human Tenth Edition
3436:. US: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3411:. American College of Physicians.
3337:10.1093/med/9780198799443.001.0001
2513:Aggressive IV fluid resuscitation
2455:Aggressive IV fluid resuscitation
2374:Aggressive IV fluid resuscitation
2287:Abdominal pain (diffuse, crampy),
25:
4251:"Abdominal pain during pregnancy"
3548:Essentials of General Surgery, 5e
4470:
3980:(5). J Am Geriatr Soc: 398–404.
3713:10.2165/00003495-200767090-00007
3686:Essentials of Family Medicine 6e
3493:Hansen JT (2019). "4: Abdomen".
3329:Essential Notes in Pain Medicine
3297:10.1097/00002508-200103000-00003
2543:Imaging (abdominal X-ray or CT)
2472:Unstable patient: consultation (
2395:Unstable patient: consultation (
1056:C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency
4197:"Abdominal Pain in the Elderly"
4036:The American Journal of Surgery
1278:Gallbladder and biliary tract:
132:ischaemic myocardial conditions
4102:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201602-095AW
4084:Weyand CM, Goronzy rJ (2016).
2680:transesophageal echocardiogram
2636:magnetic resonance angiography
1357:Inferior myocardial infarction
1:
4319:(7). W.B. Saunders: 711–716.
4267:10.1016/S0889-8553(02)00064-X
3913:10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81603-8
3859:10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70171-1
3495:Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 4e
3378:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44484-1
2832:consultation with subsequent
2771:consultation with subsequent
2334:Abdominal pain (epigastric),
4410:"Abdominal Pain in Children"
4048:10.1016/0002-9610(76)90101-X
3901:Annals of Emergency Medicine
3284:The Clinical Journal of Pain
3121:10.1136/flgastro-2019-101204
2813:advanced trauma life support
2752:advanced trauma life support
2676:transthoracic echocardiogram
2469:Stable patient: observation
2392:Stable patient: observation
1190:familial Mediterranean fever
1158:systemic lupus erythematosus
1105:familial Mediterranean fever
896:Gynaecological or obstetric
613:Familial Mediterranean fever
4892:Charcot's cholangitis triad
3520:Gray's Anatomy For Students
2005:, and for females, a serum
1470:pelvic inflammatory disease
901:pelvic inflammatory disease
635:Pelvic inflammatory disease
518:superior Mesenteric artery.
376:pelvic inflammatory disease
236:inflammation of the stomach
5329:
4355:Farmer AD, Aziz Q (2014).
4325:10.1016/j.ajem.2010.01.045
3109:Frontline Gastroenterology
1903:history of present illness
1732:Inferior mesenteric artery
1690:Superior mesenteric artery
890:left renal vein entrapment
478:inflammatory bowel disease
417:inflammatory bowel disease
278:are other serious causes.
276:abdominal aortic aneurysms
29:
5277:Sister Mary Joseph nodule
4426:10.1016/j.pcl.2005.09.009
4213:10.1016/j.emc.2006.01.010
3804:(5). Fam Pract: 517–529.
3625:American Family Physician
3360:Burnett LS (April 1988).
3179:10.1186/s12245-014-0043-2
2900:surgery 1/3 of the time.
2621:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
2606:obstetrics and gynecology
2269:Possibly consultation of
2201:Imaging (RUQ ultrasound)
1950:to differentiate between
1320:Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
1085:abdominal aortic aneurysm
1058:, adrenal insufficiency,
192:abdominal aortic aneurysm
66:
57:
4420:(1). Elsevier: 107–137.
4374:10.1177/0141076814540880
4207:(2). Elsevier: 371–388.
4042:(2). Elsevier: 219–223.
3853:(1). Elsevier: 123–136.
3034:"differential diagnosis"
2844:interventional radiology
2824:If patient is unstable:
2763:If patient is unstable:
2482:interventional radiology
2405:interventional radiology
2275:interventional radiology
1854:, and first half of the
1300:, functional disorders,
1173:Irritable bowel syndrome
1150:Henoch-Schonlein purpura
1115:irritable bowel syndrome
386:, or a subdiaphragmatic
232:irritable bowel syndrome
184:irritable bowel syndrome
167:is extremely important.
144:irritable bowel syndrome
3468:Moore KL (2016). "11".
2708:calcium channel blocker
2686:IV fluid resuscitation
2599:transvaginal ultrasound
2553:flexibile sigmoidoscopy
2443:, coagulation profile,
2362:, coagulation profile,
1646:Lower respiratory tract
1388:small bowel obstruction
956:muscle strain or trauma
4684:human digestive system
3955:HCUP Statistical Brief
2834:exploratory laparotomy
2773:exploratory laparotomy
2533:Sigmoid colon volvulus
1977:Blood tests including
1524:sigmoid colon volvulus
1472:, pelvic pain syndrome
1008:ischemic heart disease
457:, benign or malignant
297:or bowel obstruction.
190:, leaking or ruptured
165:differential diagnosis
4970:Obstructed defecation
4261:(1). Elsevier: 1–58.
3907:(5). Mosby: 503–507.
3811:10.1093/fampra/cmu036
3011:10.1093/fampra/cmu036
2848:arterial embolization
2713:Surgery consultation
2630:Imaging: Ultrasound,
2465:proton pump inhibitor
2384:proton pump inhibitor
2266:Pain, nausea control
2234:Pain, nausea control
2036:of the abdomen/pelvis
1983:basic metabolic panel
1424:Right lower quadrant
1394:Lower abdominal pain
1367:Diabetic ketoacidosis
1253:Right upper quadrant
1205:myocardial infarction
1048:diabetic ketoacidosis
1039:Metabolic disturbance
861:Renal and urological
581:Diabetic ketoacidosis
5232:Aure-Rozanova's sign
5191:Hannington-Kiff sign
5186:Howship–Romberg sign
5144:Aortic insufficiency
5046:Abdominal distension
2934:Abdominal distension
2884:emergency department
2700:sodium nitroprusside
2589:complete blood count
2507:complete blood count
2495:abdominal distension
2441:complete blood count
2360:complete blood count
2308:IV fluids as needed
2263:IV fluids as needed
2222:IV fluids as needed
2170:IV fluids as needed
2039:Abdominal or pelvic
1991:liver function tests
1979:complete blood count
1530:, gas accumulation,
1515:Left lower quadrant
1326:Left upper quadrant
1162:polyarteritis nodosa
939:Pregnancy: ruptured
624:Gynecological causes
512:, usually caused by
310:abdominal distention
300:The pain may elicit
32:Stomachaches (album)
4797:Chilaiditi syndrome
3968:SA B, LZ R (1987).
3432:LeBlond RF (2004).
2890:Special populations
2563:right hemicolectomy
2490:Perforated Viscous
2435:digital rectal exam
2354:digital rectal exam
2133:
2091:magnesium hydroxide
2034:Computed tomography
1964:cardiovascular exam
1937:shortness of breath
1559:Left low back pain
1450:(nephrolithiasis),
1380:mesenteric ischemia
1178:Metabolic disorders
1154:sickle cell disease
1142:mesenteric ischemia
945:threatened abortion
789:lactose intolerance
764:sickle cell disease
716:microscopic colitis
510:intestinal ischemia
384:mesenteric adenitis
354:Infections such as
272:mesenteric ischemia
5164:Grey Turner's sign
5094:Hepatosplenomegaly
5023:Abdominal guarding
4955:Fecal occult blood
4946:Fecal incontinence
4917:Mirizzi's syndrome
4827:Sherren's triangle
4680:Signs and symptoms
4592:External resources
3771:. Wolters Kluwer.
3564:Bickley L (2016).
3407:Masters P (2015).
3061:Sherman R (1990).
2815:) with IV fluids (
2754:) with IV fluids (
2691:as needed (obtain
2241:Acute pancreatitis
2214:hyperbilirubinemia
2132:
2117:, and exploratory
2081:(examples include
1814:, portions of the
1806:, portions of the
1509:endometrial cancer
1064:black widow spider
1032:testicular torsion
1004:pulmonary embolism
959:muscular infection
911:Endocrinological:
712:ulcerative colitis
637:(PID) and abscess.
573:Sickle cell anemia
565:Acute pancreatitis
425:ulcerative colitis
295:vascular occlusion
248:biliary dyskinesia
206:Signs and symptoms
154:, also known as a
5290:
5289:
5262:Fothergill's sign
5252:Rosenstein's sign
5172:
5171:
5127:Mallet-Guy's sign
5066:Shifting dullness
4887:Courvoisier's law
4646:
4645:
3778:978-1-4511-8882-0
3602:978-0-8261-6255-7
3575:978-1-4698-9341-9
3529:978-0-7020-5131-9
3504:978-0-323-53188-7
3479:978-0-323-31338-4
3443:978-0-07-140923-0
3418:978-1-938921-09-4
3346:978-0-19-879944-3
3074:978-0-409-90077-4
2854:
2853:
2821:blood transfusion
2760:blood transfusion
2689:Blood transfusion
2650:Aortic dissection
2580:hypovolemic shock
2572:Ectopic pregnancy
2458:Blood transfusion
2377:Blood transfusion
2283:Bowel obstruction
2024:Electrocardiogram
1804:respiratory tract
1772:
1771:
1528:bowel obstruction
1485:ectopic pregnancy
1433:bowel obstruction
1373:aortic dissection
1336:bowel obstruction
1298:bowel obstruction
1233:pancreatic cancer
1168:bowel obstruction
1081:aortic dissection
941:ectopic pregnancy
884:urinary retention
870:bladder infection
680:Gastrointestinal
669:
668:
664:
655:
646:
643:Ectopic pregnancy
638:
616:
608:
600:
592:
584:
576:
568:
530:
520:
502:
493:
474:colorectal cancer
462:
437:
428:
415:Complications of
411:
391:
348:
345:
200:ectopic pregnancy
170:Common causes of
149:
148:
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5320:
4993:
4980:Rectal discharge
4896:Reynolds' pentad
4835:Radiologic signs
4822:McBurney's point
4696:Gastrointestinal
4682:relating to the
4673:
4666:
4659:
4650:
4493:
4482:Cleveland Clinic
4474:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4404:
4394:
4376:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3813:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3764:
3733:
3732:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3681:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3561:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3465:
3448:
3447:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3299:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3217:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3067:. Butterworths.
3058:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3013:
2989:
2972:
2971:
2955:
2909:mucous membranes
2549:Gastroenterology
2497:, rigid abdomen
2478:gastroenterology
2419:Abdominal pain,
2401:gastroenterology
2312:Nasogastric tube
2134:
2107:Butylscopolamine
2095:calcium chloride
1941:vaginal bleeding
1860:descending colon
1856:transverse colon
1745:Descending colon
1741:transverse colon
1719:transverse colon
1606:
1441:McBurney's point
1375:, aortic rupture
1308:, inflammation,
1302:gas accumulation
1146:ischemic colitis
768:abdominal angina
732:, post-surgical
658:
649:
641:
633:
611:
603:
595:
587:
579:
571:
563:
526:
507:
498:
465:
442:
433:
414:
394:
353:
347:
343:
327:
268:ischemic colitis
128:ischemic colitis
124:lacerated spleen
78:Gastroenterology
62:
42:
21:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5247:Lockwood's sign
5195:
5168:
5139:Ballance's sign
5110:
5077:
5071:Fluid wave test
5034:
5028:Blumberg's sign
4984:
4960:Rectal tenesmus
4927:
4867:Councilman body
4849:
4792:Goodsall's rule
4780:Hypersalivation
4697:
4690:
4677:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4587:
4586:
4504:
4467:
4454:
4452:
4407:
4354:
4345:
4343:
4306:
4303:
4301:Further reading
4298:
4297:
4287:
4285:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4179:
4177:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4068:
4066:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4012:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3798:Family Practice
3791:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3766:
3765:
3736:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3682:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3655:medlineplus.gov
3649:
3648:
3644:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3576:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3467:
3466:
3451:
3444:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3238:
3236:
3222:"Acute Abdomen"
3219:
3218:
3205:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3075:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3032:
3031:
3027:
2998:Family Practice
2991:
2990:
2975:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2930:
2921:
2897:
2892:
2880:
2859:
2811:Resuscitation (
2750:Resuscitation (
2559:General surgery
2516:General surgery
2474:general surgery
2397:general surgery
2318:General surgery
2271:general surgery
2250:Labs (elevated
2227:cholecystectomy
2127:
2111:cholecystectomy
2058:
1901:by eliciting a
1899:chief complaint
1888:
1870:, and superior
1852:ascending colon
1826:(including the
1713:Ascending colon
1604:
1532:Toxic megacolon
1493:ovarian torsion
1479:, intrauterine
1429:intussusception
1126:
907:ovarian torsion
726:intussusception
708:Crohn's disease
688:gastroenteritis
674:
661:ovarian torsion
626:
556:
533:
514:thromboembolism
504:
486:fecal impaction
451:intussusception
439:
421:Crohn's disease
350:
334:
332:Surgical causes
284:
254:problems (4%),
228:gastroenteritis
224:
208:
180:gastroenteritis
140:Gastroenteritis
134:
120:aortic aneurysm
112:ovarian torsion
82:general surgery
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5326:
5324:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5303:Abdominal pain
5295:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5282:Blumer's shelf
5279:
5274:
5272:Massouh's sign
5269:
5267:Carnett's sign
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5222:Hamburger sign
5219:
5217:Rovsing's sign
5214:
5212:Obturator sign
5209:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5149:Castell's sign
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5091:
5089:Abdominal mass
5085:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5003:Abdominal pain
4999:
4997:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4909:
4898:
4889:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4840:Hampton's line
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4630:
4619:
4617:Abdominal pain
4608:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4573:
4562:
4551:
4536:
4521:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:Classification
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4476:Abdominal Pain
4466:
4465:External links
4463:
4462:
4461:
4405:
4367:(9): 347–354.
4352:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4241:
4187:
4125:
4076:
4022:
3960:
3941:
3887:
3833:
3784:
3777:
3734:
3707:(9): 1343–57.
3691:
3688:. p. 149.
3684:Mahadevan SV.
3667:
3642:
3608:
3601:
3581:
3574:
3553:
3535:
3528:
3510:
3503:
3485:
3478:
3449:
3442:
3424:
3417:
3399:
3372:(2): 385–398.
3352:
3345:
3319:
3270:
3254:"Appendicitis"
3245:
3203:
3152:
3095:
3073:
3064:Abdominal Pain
3050:
3025:
2973:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2939:Abdominal mass
2936:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2879:
2876:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2830:trauma surgery
2809:
2794:
2785:After trauma (
2783:
2781:Splenic injury
2777:
2776:
2769:trauma surgery
2748:
2733:
2724:After trauma (
2722:
2716:
2715:
2693:type and cross
2684:
2668:CT angiography
2658:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2632:CT angiography
2626:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2602:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2561:consultation (
2551:consultation (
2545:
2539:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2511:
2498:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2453:
2431:
2417:
2410:
2409:
2372:
2350:
2332:
2330:Upper GI bleed
2326:
2325:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2259:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2218:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2126:
2123:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2007:pregnancy test
1956:
1955:
1948:Carnett's sign
1944:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1887:
1884:
1770:
1769:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:Ureteral stone
1590:
1587:hydronephrosis
1574:Low back pain
1572:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1520:diverticulitis
1513:
1512:
1511:
1505:ovarian cancer
1473:
1466:bladder cancer
1454:
1452:pyelonephritis
1444:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1384:Celiac disease
1376:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1294:
1288:worm infection
1276:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1243:diverticulitis
1239:duodenal ulcer
1235:
1225:
1223:stomach cancer
1211:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1194:adrenal crisis
1175:
1170:
1164:
1138:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:Immune system
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:Blood vessels
1075:
1074:
1073:
1060:lead poisoning
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1014:
987:
986:
985:
983:tabes dorsalis
960:
957:
952:Abdominal wall
949:
948:
947:
937:
935:ovarian cancer
919:
909:
903:
899:Inflammatory:
894:
893:
892:
886:
872:
866:pyelonephritis
864:Inflammation:
859:
858:
857:
856:
855:
854:
853:
849:Inflammatory:
844:
843:
842:
834:Inflammatory:
829:
828:
827:
825:cholelithiasis
821:
813:Inflammatory:
805:
804:
803:
797:food allergies
793:celiac disease
778:
748:
718:
704:diverticulitis
686:Inflammatory:
673:
670:
667:
666:
627:
625:
622:
619:
618:
605:Lead poisoning
597:Pyelonephritis
589:Adrenal crisis
557:
555:
554:Medical causes
552:
549:
548:
547:
546:
543:
540:
532:
523:
522:
521:
503:
496:
495:
494:
463:
438:
431:
430:
429:
412:
392:
368:pyelonephritis
349:
340:
335:
333:
330:
283:
280:
256:diverticulitis
223:
220:
207:
204:
196:diverticulitis
152:Abdominal pain
147:
146:
108:diverticulitis
89:
85:
84:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
45:Abdominal pain
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5325:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5237:Dunphy's sign
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:Heel tap sign
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5159:Cullen's sign
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Acute abdomen
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:LĂ©pine's sign
4910:
4908:
4907:Murphy's sign
4904:
4903:
4902:cholecystitis
4899:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:Markle's sign
4815:
4813:
4812:Arapov's sign
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:oropharyngeal
4751:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4242:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4188:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4133:Ed S (1964).
4129:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4077:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4023:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3942:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3888:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3409:IM Essentials
3403:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3096:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3004:(5): 517–29.
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2846:for possible
2845:
2840:
2839:
2836:and possible
2835:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2608:consultation
2607:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2518:consultation
2517:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2463:Medications:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:transaminases
2442:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2382:Medications:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:transaminases
2361:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:Pain control
2321:
2320:consultation
2319:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:Murphy's sign
2192:
2190:
2189:Cholecystitis
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:Pain control
2180:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:Abdominal CT
2161:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:Presentation
2139:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:antimicrobial
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:). Choice of
2068:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:genitourinary
1965:
1961:
1960:physical exam
1953:
1952:visceral pain
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:sigmoid colon
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:biliary tract
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:contains the
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:visceral pain
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1750:Sigmoid colon
1747:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1667:Biliary tract
1664:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Celiac artery
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:Blood supply
1611:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1583:kidney cancer
1580:
1577:Kidney pain (
1576:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:low back pain
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:endometriosis
1475:Gynecologic:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:bladder stone
1459:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:stomach ulcer
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
991:
990:Referred pain
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:herpes zoster
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:endometriosis
920:
918:
917:Mittelschmerz
914:
910:
908:
904:
902:
898:
897:
895:
891:
887:
885:
881:
877:
876:kidney stones
874:Obstruction:
873:
871:
867:
863:
862:
860:
852:
848:
847:
845:
841:
840:liver abscess
837:
833:
832:
830:
826:
823:Obstruction:
822:
820:
816:
815:cholecystitis
812:
811:
809:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
720:Obstruction:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:
682:
681:
679:
678:
677:
671:
665:
662:
656:
653:
647:
644:
639:
636:
631:
628:
623:
621:
620:
617:
614:
609:
606:
601:
598:
593:
590:
585:
582:
577:
574:
569:
566:
561:
558:
553:
551:
550:
544:
541:
538:
537:
536:
531:
529:
528:Referred pain
524:
519:
515:
511:
506:
505:
501:
497:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
445:
441:
440:
436:
432:
426:
422:
418:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:cholecystitis
357:
352:
351:
346:
341:
339:
336:
331:
329:
328:
325:
323:
319:
316:and signs of
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
287:Acute abdomen
282:Acute abdomen
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
219:
217:
212:
205:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
166:
161:
157:
153:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:stomach ulcer
98:, perforated
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
27:Stomach aches
19:
5242:Alder's sign
5104:Splenomegaly
5099:Hepatomegaly
5002:
4965:Constipation
4900:
4878:
4872:Mallory body
4860:
4845:Klemm's sign
4833:
4807:Aaron's sign
4802:Dance's sign
4731:Trichophagia
4632:
4621:
4610:
4599:
4575:
4564:
4553:
4538:
4523:
4508:
4478:at Wikibooks
4453:. Retrieved
4417:
4413:
4364:
4360:
4344:. Retrieved
4316:
4312:
4286:. Retrieved
4258:
4254:
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4204:
4200:
4190:
4178:. Retrieved
4142:
4138:
4128:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4067:. Retrieved
4039:
4035:
4025:
4013:. Retrieved
3977:
3973:
3963:
3954:
3944:
3932:. Retrieved
3904:
3900:
3890:
3878:. Retrieved
3850:
3846:
3836:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3768:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3685:
3658:. Retrieved
3654:
3645:
3631:(7): 971–8.
3628:
3624:
3591:
3584:
3565:
3547:
3519:
3513:
3494:
3488:
3469:
3433:
3427:
3408:
3402:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3328:
3322:
3290:(1): 11–19.
3287:
3283:
3273:
3261:. Retrieved
3257:
3248:
3239:23 September
3237:, retrieved
3225:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3115:(1): 44–52.
3112:
3108:
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3063:
3041:. Retrieved
3037:
3028:
3001:
2997:
2959:
2953:
2922:
2913:
2902:
2898:
2881:
2878:Epidemiology
2860:
2841:
2823:
2804:
2797:
2762:
2743:
2736:
2720:Liver injury
2712:
2704:beta blocker
2697:
2687:
2661:
2642:
2629:
2609:
2596:
2586:
2577:
2556:
2542:
2536:
2521:Antibiotics
2520:
2514:
2504:
2501:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2449:stool guaiac
2438:
2421:hematochezia
2394:
2391:
2381:
2375:
2368:stool guaiac
2357:
2336:hematochezia
2322:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2296:constipation
2268:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2249:
2233:
2231:Antibiotics
2230:
2224:
2221:
2210:transamintis
2206:leukocytosis
2203:
2200:
2181:
2179:Antibiotics
2178:
2175:appendectomy
2172:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2152:Appendicitis
2128:
2115:appendectomy
2059:
2028:
1987:electrolytes
1972:
1957:
1892:
1889:
1880:appendicitis
1876:
1818:(proximal),
1773:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1615:Innervation
1579:kidney stone
1567:kidney stone
1552:kidney stone
1546:hepatomegaly
1489:ovarian cyst
1448:kidney stone
1437:appendicitis
1362:Peptic ulcer
1352:Pancreatitis
1347:Appendicitis
1330:Splenomegaly
1310:colon cancer
1280:inflammation
1270:liver cancer
1258:hepatomegaly
1247:appendicitis
1237:Intestinal:
1229:pancreatitis
1209:pericarditis
1182:ketoacidosis
1127:
1012:pericarditis
975:Lyme disease
931:ovarian cyst
913:menstruation
905:Mechanical:
880:urolithiasis
851:pancreatitis
810:Bile system
785:peptic ulcer
742:constipation
692:appendicitis
675:
657:
652:ovarian cyst
650:Hemorrhagic
648:
640:
632:
629:
610:
602:
594:
586:
578:
570:
562:
559:
534:
525:
499:
434:
404:diverticulum
400:peptic ulcer
364:pancreatitis
356:appendicitis
344:Inflammatory
342:
337:
322:appendicitis
299:
291:inflammation
285:
260:appendicitis
240:constipation
225:
213:
211:onset pain.
209:
188:appendicitis
169:
156:stomach ache
155:
151:
150:
135:
104:pancreatitis
96:Appendicitis
91:
36:
18:Gastric pain
5257:Cupola sign
5154:Kehr's sign
5134:Puddle sign
4765:Odynophagia
4623:Radiopaedia
4601:MedlinePlus
4487:Mayo Clinic
4455:28 December
4346:28 December
4288:28 December
4234:28 December
4180:28 December
4069:28 December
4015:28 December
3934:28 December
3880:28 December
3434:Diagnostics
3088:28 December
3043:30 December
2838:splenectomy
2817:crystalloid
2791:penetrating
2756:crystalloid
2730:penetrating
2664:mediastinum
2429:hypovolemia
2348:hypovolemia
2344:hematemesis
2146:Management
2125:Emergencies
2050:colonoscopy
1907:gynecologic
1834:), and the
1828:gallbladder
1672:Gallbladder
1618:Structures
1495:, fibroid (
1292:cholangitis
1262:fatty liver
1200:Epigastric
1136:Peritonitis
1124:By location
1111:Idiopathic
1095:sarcoidosis
1022:radiculitis
971:radiculitis
846:Pancreatic
819:cholangitis
801:indigestion
746:hemorrhoids
700:esophagitis
659:Adnexal or
470:obstruction
467:Large bowel
447:obstruction
444:Small bowel
396:Perforation
372:Peritonitis
118:, ruptured
106:, ruptured
50:Other names
5313:Acute pain
5297:Categories
5207:Psoas sign
5039:Distension
5018:Baby colic
4950:encopresis
4941:Flatulence
4933:Defecation
4923:Nardi test
4882:Boas' sign
4775:Xerostomia
4770:Bad breath
4758:esophageal
4736:Pagophagia
4721:Aerophagia
4612:Patient UK
4566:DiseasesDB
3226:StatPearls
2960:StatPearls
2945:References
2895:Geriatrics
2868:chest pain
2614:follow-up
2460:as needed
2388:octreotide
2379:as needed
2314:placement
2143:Diagnosis
2137:Condition
2119:laparotomy
2087:ranitidine
2083:omeprazole
2056:Management
2041:ultrasound
2013:Urinalysis
2003:troponin I
1933:chest pain
1931:, chills,
1872:anal canal
1842:(distal),
1832:bile ducts
1780:peritoneal
1766:anal canal
1694:T10 – T12
1371:Vascular:
1284:gallstones
1227:Pancreas:
1140:Vascular:
1100:vasculitis
1071:withdrawal
963:neurogenic
888:Vascular:
760:hemorrhage
756:thrombosis
750:Vascular:
508:occlusive
472:caused by
435:Mechanical
419:, such as
244:gallstones
126:or liver,
4854:Accessory
4748:Dysphagia
4741:Geophagia
4716:Heartburn
4577:SNOMED CT
4434:0031-3955
4383:0141-0768
4333:0735-6757
4275:0889-8553
4221:0733-8627
4159:0002-8614
4056:0002-9610
3994:0002-8614
3921:0196-0644
3867:0733-8627
3820:1460-2229
3386:0039-6109
3306:0749-8047
3129:2041-4137
2919:Pregnancy
2872:dyspepsia
2798:Imaging:
2737:Imaging:
2597:Imaging:
2547:Sigmoid:
2099:lidocaine
2075:ketorolac
2071:analgesia
2046:Endoscopy
1886:Diagnosis
1808:esophagus
1764:Superior
1717:Proximal
1655:Proximal
1641:Esophagus
1602:Mechanism
1497:leiomyoma
1481:pregnancy
1413:Dysentery
1316:pneumonia
1266:hepatitis
1215:gastritis
1213:Stomach:
1186:porphyria
1052:porphyria
1026:from the
1016:from the
1000:pneumonia
994:from the
981:(ACNES),
836:hepatitis
781:Digestive
740:, severe
734:adhesions
696:gastritis
683:GI tract
672:By system
459:neoplasms
406:, or the
380:hepatitis
262:(2%) and
238:(5%) and
73:Specialty
5122:Jaundice
5051:Bloating
4975:Diarrhea
4879:biliary:
4711:Vomiting
4582:21522001
4450:17103933
4442:16487787
4401:25193056
4341:20825873
4283:12635413
4229:16584962
4175:26336124
4167:14217863
4120:28005419
4010:30731138
3875:11214394
3828:24987023
3729:46971321
3721:17547475
3637:18441863
3314:11289083
3234:29083722
3198:25635203
3147:33489068
3083:21250252
3020:24987023
2968:29083722
2928:See also
2593:beta-hCG
2528:Volvulus
2415:GI bleed
2067:fentanyl
2063:morphine
1909:history.
1848:appendix
1840:duodenum
1836:pancreas
1816:duodenum
1802:, lower
1736:L1 – L3
1708:Appendix
1699:duodenum
1677:Pancreas
1657:duodenum
1633:T5 - T9
1565:Kidney:
1550:Kidney:
1458:cystitis
1456:Pelvic:
1398:Diarrhea
1132:Diffuse
1068:narcotic
1028:genitals
927:fibroids
921:Tumors:
752:embolism
730:volvulus
630:Source:
560:Source:
535:Source:
500:Vascular
482:volvulus
338:Source:
306:vomiting
252:pancreas
216:cramping
178:include
116:volvulus
5061:Tympany
5056:Ascites
4989:Abdomen
4785:Burping
4688:abdomen
4637:Q183425
4633:Scholia
4560:D015746
4392:4206626
4111:5291468
4064:1251963
4002:3571788
3929:2024789
3394:3279553
3189:4306086
3138:7802492
2905:T cells
2864:dyspnea
2857:Outlook
2826:general
2765:general
2557:Cecal:
2289:bilious
2079:antacid
1995:amylase
1812:stomach
1800:pharynx
1796:foregut
1792:hindgut
1784:foregut
1739:Distal
1727:Hindgut
1697:Distal
1651:Stomach
1637:Pharynx
1624:Foregut
1609:Region
1544:Liver:
1518:Bowel:
1501:abscess
1446:Renal:
1427:Colon:
1408:Crohn's
1403:Colitis
1378:Bowel:
1334:Colon:
1314:Other:
1296:Colon:
1274:abscess
1256:Liver:
1203:Heart:
807:Glands
516:of the
455:hernias
388:abscess
230:(13%),
176:abdomen
174:in the
160:symptom
158:, is a
92:Serious
5178:Hernia
5082:Masses
4706:Nausea
4606:003120
4448:
4440:
4432:
4399:
4389:
4381:
4339:
4331:
4281:
4273:
4227:
4219:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4118:
4108:
4062:
4054:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3927:
3919:
3873:
3865:
3826:
3818:
3775:
3727:
3719:
3635:
3599:
3572:
3526:
3501:
3476:
3440:
3415:
3392:
3384:
3343:
3312:
3304:
3263:1 July
3232:
3196:
3186:
3172:: 43.
3145:
3135:
3127:
3081:
3071:
3018:
2966:
2819:) and
2758:) and
2678:/TTE,
2656:murmur
2634:, MRA/
2587:Labs:
2505:Labs (
2439:Labs (
2425:melena
2413:Lower
2358:Labs (
2340:melena
2292:emesis
2252:lipase
2204:Labs (
2097:) and
2093:, and
2019:X-rays
1999:lipase
1970:exam.
1946:Using
1868:rectum
1794:. The
1790:, and
1788:midgut
1755:Rectum
1685:Midgut
1562:Spleen
1538:Right
1418:Hernia
1166:Small
1066:bite,
1044:uremia
996:thorax
965:pain:
831:Liver
738:tumors
722:hernia
615:(FMF).
583:(DKA).
490:hernia
408:caecum
302:nausea
274:, and
264:cancer
258:(3%),
222:Causes
136:Common
88:Causes
5200:Other
5115:Other
5013:Colic
4862:liver
4698:tract
4628:47481
4571:14367
4446:S2CID
4171:S2CID
4006:S2CID
3725:S2CID
3701:Drugs
3660:2 May
2787:blunt
2726:blunt
2702:plus
2682:/TEE
2612:OBGYN
1929:fever
1844:cecum
1820:liver
1760:Fever
1703:Cecum
1662:Liver
1306:spasm
1018:spine
488:, or
398:of a
318:shock
314:fever
250:) or
198:, or
4996:Pain
4948:and
4726:Pica
4555:MeSH
4544:9-CM
4519:MD81
4457:2023
4438:PMID
4430:ISSN
4397:PMID
4379:ISSN
4348:2023
4337:PMID
4329:ISSN
4290:2023
4279:PMID
4271:ISSN
4236:2023
4225:PMID
4217:ISSN
4182:2023
4163:PMID
4155:ISSN
4116:PMID
4071:2023
4060:PMID
4052:ISSN
4017:2023
3998:PMID
3990:ISSN
3936:2023
3925:PMID
3917:ISSN
3882:2023
3871:PMID
3863:ISSN
3824:PMID
3816:ISSN
3773:ISBN
3717:PMID
3662:2023
3633:PMID
3597:ISBN
3570:ISBN
3524:ISBN
3499:ISBN
3474:ISBN
3438:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3390:PMID
3382:ISSN
3341:ISBN
3310:PMID
3302:ISSN
3265:2021
3241:2023
3230:PMID
3194:PMID
3143:PMID
3125:ISSN
3090:2023
3079:PMID
3069:ISBN
3045:2014
3016:PMID
2964:PMID
2800:FAST
2739:FAST
1830:and
1595:pain
402:, a
304:and
182:and
172:pain
4686:or
4549:789
4540:ICD
4534:R10
4525:ICD
4510:ICD
4422:doi
4387:PMC
4369:doi
4365:107
4321:doi
4263:doi
4209:doi
4147:doi
4106:PMC
4098:doi
4044:doi
4040:131
3982:doi
3909:doi
3855:doi
3806:doi
3709:doi
3374:doi
3333:doi
3292:doi
3184:PMC
3174:doi
3133:PMC
3117:doi
3006:doi
2866:or
2828:or
2789:or
2767:or
2728:or
2706:or
2672:MRA
2666:),
2273:or
2048:or
1778:or
1499:),
973:in
423:or
246:or
5299::
4635::
4626::
4615::
4604::
4580::
4569::
4558::
4547::
4532::
4529:10
4517::
4514:11
4444:.
4436:.
4428:.
4418:53
4416:.
4412:.
4395:.
4385:.
4377:.
4363:.
4359:.
4335:.
4327:.
4317:29
4315:.
4311:.
4277:.
4269:.
4259:32
4257:.
4253:.
4223:.
4215:.
4205:24
4203:.
4199:.
4169:.
4161:.
4153:.
4143:12
4141:.
4137:.
4114:.
4104:.
4094:13
4092:.
4088:.
4058:.
4050:.
4038:.
4034:.
4004:.
3996:.
3988:.
3978:35
3976:.
3972:.
3953:.
3923:.
3915:.
3905:20
3903:.
3899:.
3869:.
3861:.
3851:19
3849:.
3845:.
3822:.
3814:.
3802:31
3800:.
3796:.
3737:^
3723:.
3715:.
3705:67
3703:.
3670:^
3653:.
3629:77
3627:.
3623:.
3611:^
3556:^
3538:^
3452:^
3388:.
3380:.
3370:68
3368:.
3364:.
3339:.
3308:.
3300:.
3288:17
3286:.
3282:.
3256:.
3224:,
3206:^
3192:.
3182:.
3168:.
3164:.
3141:.
3131:.
3123:.
3113:12
3111:.
3107:.
3077:.
3053:^
3036:.
3014:.
3002:31
3000:.
2996:.
2976:^
2962:.
2710:)
2695:)
2674:,
2670:,
2565:)
2555:)
2509:)
2484:)
2480:,
2476:,
2451:)
2447:,
2437:)
2427:,
2423:,
2407:)
2403:,
2399:,
2386:,
2370:)
2366:,
2356:)
2346:,
2342:,
2338:,
2294:,
2254:)
2216:)
2212:,
2208:,
2121:.
2113:,
2089:,
2085:,
2065:,
2001:,
1997:,
1993:,
1989:,
1985:,
1981:,
1939:,
1935:,
1874:.
1866:,
1862:,
1850:,
1846:,
1822:,
1810:,
1786:,
1585:,
1581:,
1526:,
1522:,
1507:,
1503:,
1491:,
1487:,
1483:,
1468:,
1464:,
1460:,
1435:,
1431:,
1382:,
1318:,
1304:,
1290:,
1286:,
1282:,
1272:,
1268:,
1264:,
1260:,
1245:,
1241:,
1231:,
1221:,
1217:,
1207:,
1192:,
1188:,
1184:,
1180::
1160:,
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