99:
402:
shape perianth tube, the perianth tube long the approximately 1 centimeter, the diameter 5–7 millimeters. The labellum is white, circular, with a length of 6–7 millimeters and width of 3–4 millimeters, the tip 3 cracks, the base pastes the tight pistil column full terminal, has a pair of pulp callus, in the callus connection perianth tube. The pistil column length 5–7 millimeters, have the short pistil column foot.
57:
33:
487:) (c. 100 AD). Medicinally, it is used for 'calming the liver' and for treating headaches, dizziness, tetanus, and epilepsy. According to "Nutrition Review," "Gastrodia root has been shown to exert novel pain relief and inflammatory-mediating activities, as well as in vivo and in vitro inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production."
435:
It is found in Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyuushu), Korea, Siberia, Taiwan, and China (in the provinces of Jilin, Liaoning, Inner
Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet). It grows
401:
The flowered pale olivine or the orange red, the scape is length 5–30 centimeters, longest may be 50 centimeters. Floral
Bractsare long lanceolate, length 1-1.5 centimeters; Pedicel and ovary of branch 0.7–1.2 centimeter, slightly short in colored bract; The sepal and the petal produce a slanting pot
747:
Phenolic compounds from
Gastrodia rhizome and relaxant effects of related compounds on isolated smooth muscle preparation. Junko Hayashi, Toshikazu Sekine, Shigeyoshi Deguchi, Qing Lin, Syunji Horie, Shizuko Tsuchiya, Shingo Yano, Kazuo Watanabe and Fumio Ikegami, Phytochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 5,
714:
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde from
Gastrodia elata B1. is active in the antioxidation and GABAergic neuromodulation of the rat brain. Jeoung-Hee Ha, Dong-Ung Lee, Jae-Tae Lee, Jin-Sook Kim, Chul-Soon Yong, Jung-Ae Kim, Jung-Sang Ha and Keun- Huh, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 73, Issues 1–2, November
397:
The orchid has an 8–12 centimeters long elliptical underground rhizome with a diameter of 3–5 centimeters but may grow up to 7 centimeters. The stem is erect with a height of 0.3–1 meter up to 2 meters, the orange yellow, tan, cylinder, and leafless.
764:
Chung-Fen Tsaia, 1, Chuen-Lin Huangb, c, 1, Yun-Lian Lind, Yi-Chao Leee, Ying-Chen Yangf, Nai-Kuei Huangd, g, "The neuroprotective effects of an extract of
Gastrodia elata",Journal of Ethnopharmacology Volume 138, Issue 1, 31 October 2011, Pages
405:
Capsule each approximately 30, oval or but actually oval, length 1.2–1.8 centimeters, width 8–9 millimeters. The seed are most, 2 – 40,000 grains of each fruit, minimum, powdery. Flowering season June to July, fruit time July to August.
604:
1010:
1129:
1269:
945:
958:
684:
661:
1239:
984:
456:
626:
423:
on rotting wood, depending on the hypha of the fungus to invade the root system so that the plant can absorb nutrients from
1179:
1174:
731:
2,4-Bis(4-hydroxybenzyl) phenol from
Gastrodia elata. Naoki Noda, Yukio Kobayashi, Kazumoto Miyahara and Saeko Fukahori,
476:
1199:
1194:
867:
1264:
1204:
1189:
1159:
1154:
1062:
98:
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1249:
1244:
1184:
1164:
1149:
1144:
1139:
504:
1254:
1169:
1067:
1259:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
932:
937:
924:
776:
919:
872:
859:
807:
963:
444:
222:
694:
893:
845:
1036:
46:
1134:
1101:
551:
484:
302:
93:
61:
1023:
880:
657:
618:
419:
238:
1041:
1028:
749:
732:
716:
546:
1002:
480:
136:
1049:
179:
123:
1054:
753:
720:
483:. It is one of the three orchids listed in the earliest known Chinese Materia Medica (
1123:
997:
736:
537:
528:
464:
149:
66:
1106:
885:
648:
436:
at elevations of 400–3,200 m (1,300–10,500 ft), at the edge of forests.
1080:
971:
839:
354:
189:
159:
32:
830:
622:
906:
448:
199:
1093:
573:
1088:
824:
950:
460:
378:
976:
854:
382:
362:
169:
801:
1075:
989:
911:
386:
374:
370:
366:
358:
110:
83:
77:
898:
805:
814:
353:is a saprophytic perennial herb in the family
8:
552:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T46671A11069069.en
802:
55:
31:
20:
777:"Traditional Chinese Herbs for Arthritis"
693:(in Chinese). 中国科学院微生物研究所. Archived from
656:(in Chinese). 北京: 科学出版社. pp. 31－33.
550:
598:
596:
594:
519:
496:
527:China Plant Specialist Group (2004).
7:
647:陈心启、吉占和、郎楷永 等, ed. (October 1999).
538:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
417:grows in symbiosis with the fungus
14:
1130:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1068:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:635522-1
97:
1270:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Blume
457:2,4-Bis(4-hydroxybenzyl) phenol
1:
754:10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0
721:10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00313-5
467:and other related compounds.
737:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00051-8
477:traditional Chinese medicine
748:March 2002, Pages 513–519,
451:can be found in the orchid
1286:
308:
301:
250:
245:
228:
221:
94:Scientific classification
92:
75:
53:
44:
39:
30:
23:
685:
649:
605:
431:Distribution and habitat
1240:Flora of Inner Mongolia
40:Fukushima pref., Japan
715:2000, Pages 329–333,
545:: e.T46671A11069069.
445:4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
1180:Flora of North Korea
1175:Flora of South Korea
775:Jim English (2013).
574:"Appendices | CITES"
475:The herb is used in
505:CITES Annotation #4
455:. It also produces
440:Chemical properties
47:Conservation status
1200:Orchids of Sichuan
1195:Orchids of Guizhou
485:Shennon bencaojing
1265:Flora of Zhejiang
1205:Orchids of Yunnan
1190:Vulnerable plants
1160:Orchids of Taiwan
1155:Orchids of Russia
1117:
1116:
1024:Open Tree of Life
808:Taxon identifiers
663:978-7-03-007322-8
420:Armillaria mellea
357:. It is found in
346:
345:
312:Gastrodia viridis
87:
70:
1277:
1250:Flora of Jiangxi
1245:Flora of Jiangsu
1185:Flora of Siberia
1165:Orchids of Nepal
1150:Orchids of Japan
1145:Orchids of India
1140:Orchids of China
1110:
1109:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1083:
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848:
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795:
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792:
781:Nutrition Review
772:
766:
762:
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739:
729:
723:
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706:
705:
703:
702:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
655:
644:
638:
637:
635:
634:
625:. Archived from
606:天麻、赤箭、徐长卿、鬼督邮名实考
600:
589:
588:
586:
584:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
554:
524:
507:
501:
318:Gastrodia mairei
234:
102:
101:
81:
64:
59:
58:
35:
21:
16:Species of plant
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1255:Flora of Shanxi
1170:Flora of Bhutan
1120:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1048:
1042:Gastrodia elata
1040:
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1027:
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1014:
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988:
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975:
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944:
936:
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918:
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905:
897:
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860:gastrodia-elata
858:
853:
846:Gastrodia elata
844:
843:
838:
829:
828:
823:
816:Gastrodia elata
810:
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774:
773:
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759:
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531:Gastrodia elata
526:
525:
521:
516:
511:
510:
502:
498:
493:
481:Sichuan cuisine
473:
471:Traditional use
442:
433:
415:Gastrodia elata
412:
395:
350:Gastrodia elata
334:Gastrodia elata
324:Gastrodia elata
241:
236:
232:Gastrodia elata
230:
217:
96:
88:
71:
60:
56:
49:
25:Gastrodia elata
17:
12:
11:
5:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1260:Flora of Tibet
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Flora of Hunan
1232:
1230:Flora of Hubei
1227:
1225:Flora of Henan
1222:
1220:Flora of Hebei
1217:
1215:Flora of Gansu
1212:
1210:Flora of Anhui
1207:
1202:
1197:
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1187:
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1152:
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1137:
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1122:
1121:
1115:
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1111:
1107:wfo-0000971542
1098:
1085:
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1059:
1046:
1033:
1020:
1007:
994:
981:
968:
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916:
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890:
877:
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851:
836:
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818:
812:
811:
806:
798:
797:
767:
757:
740:
724:
707:
675:
662:
639:
613:(in Chinese).
590:
565:
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508:
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492:
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472:
469:
441:
438:
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429:
411:
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394:
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331:
321:
320:Schltr. (1913)
315:
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287:
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269:
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226:
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180:Epidendroideae
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28:
27:
15:
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2:
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1034:
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986:
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965:
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947:
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934:
930:
926:
921:
917:
913:
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895:
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869:
865:
861:
856:
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837:
832:
826:
822:
821:
819:
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786:
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761:
758:
755:
751:
744:
741:
738:
734:
728:
725:
722:
718:
711:
708:
697:on 2013-10-05
696:
692:
691:《中国高等植物数据库全库》
688:
679:
676:
665:
659:
652:
643:
640:
629:on 2011-07-24
628:
624:
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616:
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569:
566:
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523:
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486:
482:
478:
470:
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466:
465:gastrodigenin
462:
458:
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450:
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437:
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409:
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392:
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388:
384:
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376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
340:Tuyama (1941)
339:
335:
332:
329:
325:
322:
319:
316:
314:Makino (1902)
313:
310:
309:
307:
304:
300:
295:
291:
288:
286:
282:
279:
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273:
270:
268:
264:
261:
259:
255:
252:
251:
249:
244:
240:
235:
233:
227:
224:
223:Binomial name
220:
216:
215:
214:G. elata
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
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158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:Tracheophytes
122:
119:
116:
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109:
106:
105:
100:
95:
91:
85:
79:
74:
68:
63:
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
815:
789:. Retrieved
784:
780:
770:
760:
743:
727:
710:
699:. Retrieved
695:the original
690:
678:
667:. Retrieved
642:
631:. Retrieved
627:the original
614:
610:
581:. Retrieved
577:
568:
556:. Retrieved
542:
536:
530:
522:
499:
474:
452:
443:
434:
424:
418:
414:
413:
404:
400:
396:
349:
348:
347:
337:
333:
330:Pamp. (1915)
327:
323:
317:
311:
293:
289:
284:
280:
275:
271:
266:
262:
257:
253:
231:
229:
213:
212:
200:
143:
130:
117:
24:
18:
972:iNaturalist
840:Wikispecies
603:芦笛 (2009).
503:Subject to
393:Description
355:Orchidaceae
246:Subspecies
190:Gastrodieae
176:Subfamily:
170:Orchidaceae
160:Asparagales
137:Angiosperms
80:Appendix II
1124:Categories
1050:Plant List
791:2022-07-17
701:2010-01-25
669:2010-01-24
650:中国植物志 第18卷
633:2010-01-25
583:14 January
514:References
62:Vulnerable
1135:Gastrodia
1055:kew-88817
938:200028680
925:200028680
683:昆明植物研究所.
623:1006-4737
578:cites.org
558:6 October
449:gastrodin
425:A. mellea
208:Species:
201:Gastrodia
107:Kingdom:
1094:23507520
1089:Tropicos
1076:Species+
990:635522-1
825:Wikidata
453:G. elata
338:pilifera
328:gracilis
303:Synonyms
166:Family:
150:Monocots
67:IUCN 3.1
951:2813351
899:1112803
873:1092198
831:Q650760
765:119–125
461:gastrol
379:Siberia
294:viridis
276:flavida
196:Genus:
186:Tribe:
156:Order:
111:Plantae
82: (
65: (
1029:643482
977:429605
964:402591
855:ARKive
660:
621:
611:中医文献杂志
410:Growth
385:, and
383:Taiwan
363:Bhutan
285:glauca
1081:16892
1016:91201
1003:46671
912:GSAEL
886:3FDH7
654:(PDF)
617:(4).
491:Notes
387:China
375:Korea
371:Japan
367:India
359:Nepal
326:var.
290:G. e.
281:G. e.
272:G. e.
267:elata
263:G. e.
254:G. e.
239:Blume
144:Clade
131:Clade
118:Clade
84:CITES
78:CITES
1063:POWO
1037:PfaF
1011:NCBI
998:IUCN
985:IPNI
959:GRIN
946:GBIF
907:EPPO
868:BOLD
658:ISBN
619:ISSN
585:2022
560:2021
543:2004
479:and
447:and
258:alba
1102:WFO
933:FoC
920:FNA
894:EoL
881:CoL
787:(2)
750:doi
733:doi
717:doi
547:doi
336:f.
292:f.
283:f.
274:f.
265:f.
256:f.
1126::
1104::
1091::
1078::
1065::
1052::
1039::
1026::
1013::
1000::
987::
974::
961::
948::
935::
922::
909::
896::
883::
870::
857::
842::
827::
783:.
779:.
689:.
686:天麻
615:27
609:.
593:^
576:.
541:.
535:.
463:,
459:,
427:.
389:.
381:,
377:,
373:,
369:,
365:,
361:,
146::
133::
120::
794:.
785:5
752::
735::
719::
704:.
672:.
636:.
587:.
562:.
549::
533:"
529:"
86:)
69:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
