343:. The due-on-sale clause allows lenders to foreclose on a current loan upon transfer to another. This greatly facilitates the use of trusts to pass property to heirs and minors. It may also protect the property of wealthy or risky owners against the possibility of future lawsuits or creditors, because the trust owns the property, not the individuals at risk. The bill states "... a lender may not exercise its option pursuant to a due-on-sale clause upon ... a transfer into an inter vivos trust in which the borrower is and remains a beneficiary and which does not relate to a transfer of rights of occupancy in the property" (The Garn st Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982, (U.S.C.) 1701j-3(d)(8).)
24:
370:
2425:
2445:
2435:
358:
consequence of the congressional reforms of the 1970s, which undermined parochial and
Southern populist interests within the Democratic Party. These parochial and populist interests favored a decentralized banking system. The party subsequently pursued deregulatory reforms that it perceived as beneficial to savers and consumers.
357:
The bill's passage is considered an important shift in the
Democratic Party's positioning on economic regulation, as the party had historically defended New Deal era financial regulations, but had now come to favor financial deregulation. According to a 2022 study, this shift happened as a
2071:
198:
296:
The bill, whose full title was "An Act to revitalize the housing industry by strengthening the financial stability of home mortgage lending institutions and ensuring the availability of home mortgage loans," was a
2089:
1491:
498:
2104:
1034:
2134:
1917:
1226:
2129:
529:
2094:
2076:
492:
2293:
2278:
1843:
1459:
1591:
838:
2303:
769:
Cornett, Marcia Millon; Tehranian, Hassan (1990). "An
Examination of the Impact of the Garn–st Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 on Commercial Banks and Savings and Loans".
1676:
865:
2333:
1584:
1401:
1355:
996:
975:
409:
194:
60:
An Act to revitalize the housing industry by strengthening the financial stability of home mortgage lending institutions and ensuring the availability of home mortgage loans.
2474:
1955:
1910:
1755:
1468:
1099:
931:
2489:
1792:
1734:
945:
2405:
2318:
1850:
1568:
1138:
2343:
2313:
1328:
1321:
2428:
1903:
1242:
2119:
961:
954:
339:
An important consumer change was to allow anyone to place real estate, consisting of one to four dwelling units, into their own trust without triggering the
1598:
510:
989:
2283:
1533:
1277:
982:
384:
807:
2114:
1980:
1829:
1764:
1748:
1660:
858:
2288:
1771:
1540:
1166:
917:
892:
883:
2348:
1669:
1619:
1612:
1422:
1394:
1385:
938:
2216:
1970:
1950:
1836:
1575:
1512:
1452:
1337:
1009:
617:
597:
454:
2484:
1975:
1940:
1926:
1697:
1408:
910:
851:
833:
389:
1443:
1212:
899:
655:
636:
2338:
2247:
1965:
486:
144:
134:
2328:
1785:
1198:
573:
2479:
2308:
2226:
1690:
1639:
1484:
1249:
1234:
968:
321:
309:
180:
2109:
1882:
1646:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
522:
504:
467:
448:
115:
107:
2023:
1960:
1718:
473:
2469:
2257:
1813:
1799:
1683:
1653:
1505:
1415:
2395:
2298:
2201:
Credit by Banks and
Persons Other Than Brokers or Dealers for the Purpose of Purchasing or Carrying Margin Stock (Reg U)
2172:
2162:
2157:
2066:
2056:
1857:
1711:
1314:
1219:
282:
2323:
2252:
1526:
1378:
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874:
461:
298:
77:
2262:
2221:
2061:
1945:
1873:
1519:
700:
685:
258:
1344:
1256:
2051:
1704:
1429:
1129:
1122:
23:
2033:
2028:
1547:
1475:
1159:
351:
286:
804:
2379:
2124:
1554:
1307:
1191:
1182:
419:
290:
1205:
516:
1806:
1364:
442:
399:
1741:
1436:
1270:
394:
2400:
2374:
2231:
2211:
2099:
2041:
1998:
1175:
1145:
1026:
585:
Where
Deregulation Went Wrong: A Look at the Causes Behind the Savings and Loan Failures in the 1980s
404:
100:
2008:
1152:
903:
718:"Upending the New Deal Regulatory Regime: Democratic Party Position Change on Financial Regulation"
2444:
2434:
614:
2167:
1018:
786:
747:
429:
340:
305:
176:
822:
Public Law 97-320, 97th
Congress, H.R. 6267: Garn–St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982
589:
583:
217:
2003:
1263:
739:
593:
569:
271:
172:
565:
552:
2046:
2018:
1498:
816:
778:
729:
652:
633:
561:
157:
2438:
2410:
1778:
1605:
1108:
843:
811:
704:
659:
640:
621:
329:
275:
672:
1895:
424:
148:
207:
2463:
828:
751:
241:
2448:
2192:
2013:
694:
479:
375:
313:
279:
267:
184:
2369:
2364:
1630:
333:
289:. It is disputed whether the act was a mitigating or contributing factor in the
734:
717:
365:
43:
743:
1561:
1298:
1291:
615:"Remarks on Signing the Garn–St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982"
317:
821:
1284:
1115:
697:
119:
2072:
Financial
Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
790:
336:. The bill passed overwhelmingly, by a margin of 272–91 in the House.
328:. The bill had broad support in Congress, with co-sponsors including
2193:
Prohibition
Against the Paying of Interest on Demand Deposits (Reg Q)
553:"Some Hope for the Future After a Failed National Policy for Thrifts"
414:
1492:
Federal
Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988
782:
673:"My Analysis of the Garn st Germain Act and the Federal Regulations"
499:
Financial
Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
1820:
325:
1899:
847:
2205:
Transactions Between Member Banks and Their Affiliates (Reg W)
558:
The Savings and Loan Crisis: Lessons from a Regulatory Failure
556:. In Barth, James R.; Trimbath, Susanne; Yago, Glenn (eds.).
493:
Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
1844:
Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act
1460:
Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program
230:
on September 30, 1982 (agreed voice vote) and by the
216:
on September 24, 1982 (passed voice vote, in lieu of
530:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
2168:
Reserve Requirements for Depository Institutions (Reg D)
1592:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
2227:
Availability of Funds and Collection of Checks (Reg CC)
1677:
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
2154:
Extensions of Credit by Federal Reserve Banks (Reg A)
1562:
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
2388:
2357:
2271:
2240:
2143:
1989:
1933:
1629:
1585:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
1354:
1098:
1008:
882:
410:
List of financial regulatory authorities by country
255:
Garn–St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982
155:
140:
130:
125:
106:
96:
91:
83:
72:
68:
Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act of 1982
64:
56:
30:
1956:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
1756:Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers
1469:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
686:
551:
304:The bill is named after its sponsors, Congressman
259:
2189:Privacy of Consumer Financial Information (Reg P)
1793:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
1735:Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983
588:. U.S. League of Savings Institutions. pp.
2406:History of central banking in the United States
1851:Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988
1569:Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
2217:Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (Reg AA)
1911:
1243:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983
859:
49:Thrift Institutions Restructuring Act of 1982
8:
2177:Limitations on Interbank Liabilities (Reg F)
1728:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act
16:
511:Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000
234:on October 1, 1982 (agreed voice vote)
17:Garn–St Germain Depository Institutions Act
1918:
1904:
1896:
1555:Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986
1534:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
1278:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
1005:
866:
852:
844:
385:Securities regulation in the United States
224:Reported by the joint conference committee
199:Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
2475:United States federal banking legislation
2115:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
1981:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
1830:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act
1765:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
1749:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981
1661:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
1329:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement
1322:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement
733:
195:House Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs
2180:International Banking Operations (Reg K)
2086:Competitive Equality Banking Act of 1987
1772:Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983
1541:National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984
837:) is being considered for deletion. See
2490:Acts of the 97th United States Congress
1670:Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
1620:Water Resources Development Act of 1988
1613:Water Resources Development Act of 1986
1423:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
542:
2208:Borrowers of Securities Credit (Reg X)
1395:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
1386:Office of National Drug Control Policy
15:
2197:Credit by Brokers and Dealers (Reg T)
1971:Financial Stability Oversight Council
1951:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
1837:Surface Transportation Assistance Act
1576:The Emergency Food Assistance Program
1453:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
1338:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act
455:Temporary National Economic Committee
7:
2120:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
1976:National Credit Union Administration
1941:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
1927:Bank regulation in the United States
1698:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983
1409:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987
390:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
1444:United States Sentencing Commission
1966:Federal Reserve Board of Governors
691:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
487:Securities Acts Amendments of 1975
274:, enacted October 15, 1982) is an
264:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
14:
2038:Interest Rate Control Act of 1966
1786:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
841:to help reach a consensus. ›
348:Alternative Mortgage Transactions
40:Deposit Insurance Flexibility Act
2443:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2173:Electronic Fund Transfer (Reg E)
2163:Home Mortgage Disclosure (Reg C)
2158:Equal Credit Opportunity (Reg B)
1691:Expedited Funds Availability Act
1640:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981
1485:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
1250:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act
1235:We begin bombing in five minutes
368:
22:
2222:Community Reinvestment (Reg BB)
1647:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987
523:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
468:Investment Advisers Act of 1940
449:Securities Exchange Act of 1934
1961:Federal Housing Finance Agency
1719:Dairy Export Incentive Program
474:Investment Company Act of 1940
352:adjustable-rate mortgage loans
287:adjustable-rate mortgage loans
37:Banking Affiliates Act of 1982
1:
1814:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
1800:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver
1742:Internal Revenue Code of 1986
1684:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984
1654:Agriculture Mediation Program
1506:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988
1416:Coastal Barrier Resources Act
285:and allowed banks to provide
283:savings and loan associations
2396:Banking in the United States
2067:Electronic Fund Transfer Act
2057:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
1858:Video Privacy Protection Act
1712:Conservation Reserve Program
1315:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
1220:Strategic Defense Initiative
135:12 U.S.C.: Banks and Banking
2485:97th United States Congress
2253:Federal savings association
2082:Depository Institutions Act
1527:Minerals Management Service
1379:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
1372:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986
875:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
834:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
482:(Securities Disclosure Act)
462:Trust Indenture Act of 1939
350:, allowed banks to provide
78:97th United States Congress
2508:
2062:Community Reinvestment Act
1946:Farm Credit Administration
1520:Medical Waste Tracking Act
1513:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
997:Presidential proclamations
2419:
2232:Truth in Savings (Reg DD)
2186:Loans to Insiders (Reg O)
2052:Fair Credit Reporting Act
1867:
1705:Food Security Act of 1985
1606:Water Quality Act of 1987
1430:Armed Career Criminal Act
1035:Joint session of Congress
735:10.1017/S153759272200113X
164:
21:
2212:Truth in Lending (Reg Z)
2183:Consumer Leasing (Reg M)
2034:Bank Holding Company Act
2029:Federal Credit Union Act
1999:Independent Treasury Act
1548:Nuclear Waste Policy Act
1476:Toxics Release Inventory
839:templates for discussion
722:Perspectives on Politics
716:Barton, Richard (2022).
703:August 12, 2004, at the
653:H.R. 6267, Major Actions
550:Leibold, Arthur (2004).
2480:Savings and loan crisis
2380:Thrift Financial Report
1874:← Carter administration
1308:American Homecoming Act
1192:Constructive engagement
955:Administration scandals
805:Bill summary and status
420:New York Stock Exchange
346:Title VIII of the act,
291:savings and loan crisis
228:agreed to by the Senate
226:on September 30, 1982;
191:Committee consideration
141:U.S.C. sections amended
2110:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
1807:Tax Reform Act of 1986
1027:"Tear down this wall!"
817:FDIC notes on the bill
505:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
443:Securities Act of 1933
400:Chicago Stock Exchange
206:on May 20, 1982 (
2241:Types of bank charter
1883:Bush administration →
1437:Sentencing Reform Act
1345:Exon–Florio Amendment
1271:Executive Order 12333
1257:Goldwater–Nichols Act
932:Judicial appointments
918:Assassination attempt
634:H.R. 6267, Cosponsors
582:Strunk; Case (1988).
580:(further references:
395:Securities commission
299:Reagan Administration
44:Net Worth Certificate
2470:1982 in American law
2401:Fair debt collection
2375:CAMELS rating system
2100:Truth in Savings Act
2077:Monetary Control Act
2042:Truth in Lending Act
1365:AIDS crisis response
1139:Soviet Union summits
405:Financial regulation
2009:Federal Reserve Act
1934:Federal authorities
1599:1982 VRA Amendments
1227:International trips
1199:Invasion of Grenada
969:Impeachment efforts
911:Second inauguration
904:Release of hostages
436:Related legislation
293:of the late 1980s.
244:on October 15, 1982
158:Legislative history
18:
2024:Glass–Steagall Act
1206:Iran–Contra affair
900:First inauguration
810:2016-01-08 at the
771:Journal of Finance
658:2016-01-08 at the
639:2015-05-11 at the
620:2008-07-06 at the
517:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
430:Regulation D (SEC)
341:due-on-sale clause
306:Fernand St Germain
177:Fernand St Germain
31:Other short titles
2457:
2456:
2272:State authorities
2147:Board regulations
2105:Riegle-Neal IBBEA
2004:National Bank Act
1893:
1892:
1264:Montreal Protocol
1094:
1093:
1085:1988 SOTU Address
1078:1987 SOTU Address
1071:1986 SOTU Address
1064:1985 SOTU Address
1057:1984 SOTU Address
1050:1983 SOTU Address
1043:1982 SOTU Address
983:Executive actions
613:Reagan, Ronald.
599:978-0-929097-32-9
251:
250:
214:Passed the Senate
109:Statutes at Large
2497:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2202:
2145:Federal Reserve
2047:Bank Secrecy Act
2019:1933 Banking Act
1920:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1886:
1877:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1499:Grace Commission
1494:
1487:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1185:
1183:Governors Island
1178:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1006:
999:
992:
990:Executive orders
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
895:
868:
861:
854:
845:
794:
756:
755:
737:
713:
707:
692:
688:
683:
677:
676:
669:
663:
650:
644:
631:
625:
611:
605:
603:
579:
562:Milken Institute
555:
547:
378:
373:
372:
371:
265:
261:
204:Passed the House
187:) on May 4, 1982
171:in the House as
160:
110:
87:October 15, 1982
26:
19:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2439:Business portal
2415:
2411:Wildcat banking
2384:
2353:
2267:
2236:
2200:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2125:Credit CARD Act
1991:
1985:
1929:
1924:
1894:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1779:Reagan tax cuts
1777:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:Economic policy
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1402:Cannabis policy
1400:
1393:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:Domestic policy
1350:
1343:
1336:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1109:Reagan Doctrine
1107:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1004:
995:
988:
981:
976:Opinion polling
974:
967:
962:Bush transition
960:
953:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
898:
891:
878:
872:
842:
812:Wayback Machine
801:
783:10.2307/2328811
768:
765:
763:Further reading
760:
759:
715:
714:
710:
705:Wayback Machine
690:
684:
680:
671:
670:
666:
660:Wayback Machine
651:
647:
641:Wayback Machine
632:
628:
622:Wayback Machine
612:
608:
600:
581:
576:
549:
548:
544:
539:
534:
457:(establishment)
374:
369:
367:
364:
330:Charles Schumer
276:Act of Congress
263:
247:
238:Signed into law
156:
108:
73:Enacted by
52:
12:
11:
5:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2026:
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2016:
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126:Codification
2370:CAEL Rating
2365:Call report
1992:legislation
877:(1981–1989)
827:‹ The
564:. pp.
334:Steny Hoyer
280:deregulated
2464:Categories
2314:New Jersey
2279:California
2263:State bank
2130:Dodd–Frank
1167:INF Treaty
1160:Washington
893:Transition
537:References
322:Republican
169:Introduced
97:Public law
57:Long title
2344:Tennessee
1299:H-2B visa
1292:H-2A visa
1153:Reykjavík
752:252061496
744:1537-5927
698:Full text
318:Jake Garn
145:12 U.S.C.
92:Citations
84:Effective
65:Nicknames
2429:Category
2349:Virginia
2329:Oklahoma
2319:New York
2304:Michigan
2299:Maryland
2294:Illinois
2284:Colorado
1285:Form I-9
1130:2nd term
1123:1st term
1116:Cold War
1010:Speeches
884:Timeline
829:template
808:Archived
701:Archived
656:Archived
637:Archived
618:Archived
362:See also
310:Democrat
114:96
2289:Florida
2135:EGRRCPA
925:Cabinet
831:below (
791:2328811
687:Pub. L.
528:2010 –
525:of 2006
521:2006 –
515:2002 –
509:2000 –
503:1999 –
497:1989 -
491:1980 -
485:1975 –
478:1968 –
472:1940 –
466:1940 –
460:1939 –
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447:1934 –
441:1933 –
260:Pub. L.
2334:Oregon
2095:FDICIA
2090:FIRREA
1176:Moscow
1146:Geneva
1037:(1981)
1029:(1987)
1021:(1983)
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695:97–320
693:
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415:NASDAQ
268:97–320
266:
208:272-91
118:
101:97-320
2358:Terms
1821:MACRS
787:JSTOR
748:S2CID
590:14–16
566:58–59
278:that
232:House
151:§ 226
149:ch. 3
147:
116:Stat.
2324:Ohio
902:and
740:ISSN
594:ISBN
570:ISBN
332:and
326:Utah
253:The
120:1469
76:the
779:doi
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324:of
312:of
193:by
175:by
46:Act
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185:RI
1919:e
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732::
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643:.
604:)
602:.
578:.
257:(
220:)
210:)
183:–
181:D
179:(
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