139:
163:
452:
309:
733:
363:
33:
748:
510:, who had taken up his appointment the year before. The officers of the regiment had negligently left day-to-day control in the hands of the non-commissioned officers, and had limited interaction with their men. These factors led to desertions from 27 June onward, followed by an incident on 12 July in which French Guards fired on the
425:
and their
English counterparts invited each other to fire first is sometimes cited as an example of excessive chivalry amongst aristocratic opponents. However, in 18th-century warfare, the unit that held its fire until it was closest to the enemy would be able to deliver the most effective volley. On
413:
The rank and file were recruited from all over France but through marriages and off-duty employment, they quickly established local ties in Paris, which were to influence their behaviour at the outbreak of the French
Revolution. Guardsmen were enlisted for a minimum of eight years and were required
514:
and the final defection of most of the rank and file on 14 July. Reportedly, only one of the sergeants stood by the officers when they tried to reassemble their men in the courtyard of the Paris barracks of the Guard. Of the six battalions (sub-units of about 600 men each) in the whole of the
515:
regiment, the equivalent of only one battalion remained obedient to orders. The mutineers played a key role in the attack on the
Bastille, where they were credited with both the effective use of artillery cannons and with preventing a massacre of the garrison after surrender.
438:
During the years 1685 to 1789 the regiment wore dark "king's blue" coats, with red collars, cuffs and waistcoats. Breeches were red (later white), and leggings were white. Grenadiers had high fur hats, and the fusilier companies wore the standard
557:
were distributed among the new volunteer units that were being mobilised for war. In their final role, the erstwhile royal guardsmen provided cadres (officers and senior non-commissioned officers) for the revolutionary armies of 1792 to 1802.
506:, guardsmen had fired on a hostile crowd, killing and wounding several hundreds. However, in addition to local ties with the Parisians, the regiment was resentful of the harsh Prussian style discipline introduced by its colonel, the
394:. Captains of the grenadier companies ranked as colonels in the infantry of the line. There was one grenadier company (109 officers and men) and four fusilier companies (each numbering 132 officers and men) to each battalion.
1109:
1114:
329:
had the privilege of choosing their own battle positions (usually in the centre of the first line of infantry). Other privileges included leading the assault when a wall was breached during a
561:
Following the
Bourbon restoration of 1814, attempts were made to recreate most of the various military units that had formerly made up the Royal Household. However, the defection of the
406:
as a socially-elite palace unit led solely by courtier officers may be largely incorrect. Most of the regimental officers were from outside Paris, and some, such as the future Maréchal
1119:
374:, a British officer, reportedly said, "Tell your men to fire". The Count d'Auteroche, officer of the Gardes françaises, replied, "No, we never fire first".
522:
petitioned to resume their guard duties at
Versailles. However, this proposal was declined, and the regiment was formally disbanded on 31 August 1789.
658:
352:. In addition, the French Guards had responsibility for maintaining public order in Paris, in support of the various police forces of the capital.
530:
50:
511:
848:
1104:
653:
732:
546:
507:
386:). Six grenadier and 24 fusilier companies were divided into the six battalions that comprised the full regiment. The total number of
498:, the regiment initially obeyed orders and on several occasions, it acted against the increasingly-unruly crowds. In April, during a
178:
97:
1082:
1057:
1032:
1007:
982:
951:
926:
895:
868:
827:
811:
224:
116:
580:
69:
533:, King Louis XVI authorized 3,600 rank and file members of the regiment, including the regimental band, to enter the newly raised
693:
553:
at dawn on 6 October 1789, and escorted the Royal Family to Paris in the afternoon of the same day. In
October 1792, the former
359:
was reorganized to have six battalions, with five fusilier companies (each 120 men) and one grenadier half-company of 50 men.
76:
54:
293:'s insistence, they were at first spread over several garrisons, but after the attempted kidnapping of King Charles IX near
414:
to be French nationals with a minimum height of 1.73 m (5'8"), compared with the 1.68 m (5'6") of line infantry soldiers.
574:
286:
life in times of peace. In practice this meant that they could undertake civilian employment when not required on duty.
83:
475:
for the French
Revolution at its outbreak was crucial to the initial success of the rising. The other two units of the
138:
703:
776:
565:
at a crucial point in the revolution could not be forgotten, and no attempt was made to re-establish that regiment.
503:
65:
708:
640:
604:
460:
443:
of the French infantry. Coats and waistcoats were heavily embroidered in white or silver (for officers) braid.
243:
747:
683:
484:
290:
263:
247:
43:
688:
663:
464:
795:
610:
586:
622:
592:
550:
345:
259:
529:, led by their colonel, had resigned their commissions. In a letter dated 21 July, addressed to the
451:
90:
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616:
739:
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418:
367:
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1078:
1053:
1028:
1003:
978:
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891:
864:
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823:
807:
673:
407:
391:
308:
239:
235:
220:
168:
974:
968:
887:
881:
545:. As such, they acted under the command of the Marquis de Lafayette to restore order when a
371:
228:
430:
fired first, with limited effect, and sustained heavy casualties, of 411 dead and wounded.
863:
Liliane and Fred
Funcken, "L'Uniforme et les Armes des Soldats de La Guerre en Dentelle",
668:
542:
212:
238:
as most of the guardsmen defected to the revolutionary cause and ensured the collapse of
598:
362:
349:
1098:
782:
279:
494:
During weeks of disturbances prior to early July 1789 leading up to the fall of the
698:
678:
480:
341:. When on parade, they took precedence over all other regiments in the Royal Army.
17:
32:
390:
amounted to about 3,600 men. The regimental colonel usually held the rank of
298:
495:
334:
283:
267:
234:
The French Guards, who were located in Paris, played a major part in the
196:
440:
302:
366:
The Gardes Françaises and the
British Guards confronted each other at
271:
301:, the Gardes were brought back together specifically to protect the
487:, remained loyal to the king, but they were smaller units than the
361:
338:
330:
307:
294:
26:
459:(in blue uniforms at left and centre-right) took part in the
491:
and lacked the
Parisian connections of the latter regiment.
344:
They shared responsibility for guarding the exterior of the
410:, did not have even the status of provincial aristocrats.
806:
Terry Crowdy, "French Revolutionary Infantry 1789-1802",
382:
constituted the largest element of the Household troops (
227:("military household of the king of France") under the
1110:
Military units and formations established in the 1560s
1115:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1789
778:
Gay's Standard History of the World's Great Nations
541:subsequently provided the professional core of the
192:
184:
174:
156:
148:
131:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8:
270:per company. They were armed with a form of
219:) were an elite infantry regiment of the
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
525:On 15 July 1789 all the officers of the
518:Following the fall of the Bastille, the
450:
223:. They formed a constituent part of the
143:Regimental flag of the Gardes françaises
1075:French Revolutionary Infantry 1789-1802
1050:French Revolutionary Infantry 1789-1802
1025:French Revolutionary Infantry 1789-1802
767:
728:
282:, and were allowed to conduct a normal
822:Philip Mansel, "Pillars of Monarchy",
128:
262:. It was composed of 9,000 men in 30
7:
1120:Guard regiments of the Ancien RĂ©gime
463:and the arrest of its governor, the
258:The regiment was created in 1563 by
55:adding citations to reliable sources
659:François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade
25:
477:Maison militaire du roi de France
321:Privileges, role and organisation
242:in France. French Guards led the
225:maison militaire du roi de France
746:
731:
694:Antoine Galiot Mandat de Grancey
654:Pierre de Montesquiou d'Artagnan
161:
137:
31:
1000:The Fall of the French Monarchy
944:The Fall of the French Monarchy
42:needs additional citations for
581:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
217:Régiment des Gardes françaises
1:
417:The reported incident at the
246:and formed the cadre for the
796:N.Y. Times, 25 December 1897
753:Gardes françaises reenactors
641:The Storming of the Bastille
402:The subsequent image of the
504:RĂ©veillon wallpaper factory
398:Image and recruitment basis
1136:
1105:Guards regiments of France
785:: William Gay and Company.
471:The sympathy shown by the
738:Gardes françaises at the
421:in which officers of the
136:
709:Filippo di Piero Strozzi
704:François Joseph Lefebvre
461:storming of the Bastille
244:Storming of the Bastille
66:"French Guards Regiment"
684:Armand Louis de Gontaut
512:Royal-Allemand Regiment
384:Maison Militaire du Roi
689:Antoine III de Gramont
664:Charles de Blanchefort
468:
375:
337:and special rights of
333:, the first choice of
317:
216:
775:Gay, William (1884).
587:Day of the Barricades
454:
365:
311:
551:Palace of Versailles
531:Marquis de Lafayette
346:Palace of Versailles
325:In times of war the
291:Catherine de' Medici
51:improve this article
278:) or steel-handled
911:Philippe, Louis-.
880:Philippe, Louis-.
839:McNally, Michael.
740:battle of Fontenoy
469:
426:this occasion the
419:Battle of Fontenoy
376:
318:
970:Memoirs 1773-1793
967:Philippe, Louis.
914:Memoirs 1773-1791
883:Memoirs 1773-1791
850:978-1-4728-1625-2
722:Gardes françaises
674:Abraham de Fabert
563:Gardes Françaises
555:Gardes Françaises
539:Gardes Françaises
527:Gardes Françaises
520:Gardes Françaises
489:Gardes Françaises
479:at the time, the
473:Gardes Françaises
465:Marquis de Launay
457:Gardes Françaises
447:French Revolution
428:Gardes Françaises
423:Gardes Françaises
408:Abraham de Fabert
404:Gardes Françaises
392:Marshal of France
388:Gardes Françaises
380:Gardes Françaises
357:Gardes Françaises
327:Gardes Françaises
314:Gardes françaises
266:in 1635 with 300
240:absolute monarchy
236:French Revolution
221:French Royal Army
202:
201:
169:Kingdom of France
132:Gardes Françaises
127:
126:
119:
101:
18:Gardes françaises
16:(Redirected from
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1038:
1027:. pp. 8–9.
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535:Garde Bourgeoise
372:Lord Charles Hay
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100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
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1125:
1124:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
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1073:Crowdy, Terry.
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1048:Crowdy, Terry.
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1023:Crowdy, Terry.
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669:Nicolas Catinat
650:
648:Notable members
571:
543:Garde Nationale
508:Duc du Châtelet
449:
436:
400:
323:
312:Uniform of the
256:
205:
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144:
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60:
58:
48:
36:
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22:
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5:
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1065:
1058:
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1033:
1015:
1008:
1002:. p. 96.
998:Price, Munro.
990:
983:
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952:
946:. p. 29.
942:Price, Munro.
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856:
849:
843:. p. 65.
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547:mob from Paris
467:, shown above.
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445:
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399:
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350:Gardes Suisses
322:
319:
255:
252:
248:National Guard
203:
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188:Guard Infantry
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2:
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1100:
1086:
1084:1-84176-660-7
1080:
1077:. p. 9.
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1052:. p. 9.
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1034:1-84176-660-7
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485:the Bodyguard
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381:
378:In 1789, the
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355:In 1764, the
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229:Ancien RĂ©gime
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204:Military unit
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68: –
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62:Find sources:
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40:This article
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699:Lazare Hoche
679:Louis Friant
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549:invaded the
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481:Swiss Guards
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107:January 2013
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
611:Steenkerque
595:(1627–1628)
593:La Rochelle
575:Saint-Denis
1099:Categories
973:. p.
917:. p.
886:. p.
762:References
623:Malplaquet
260:Charles IX
77:newspapers
629:Dettingen
617:Ramillies
370:in 1745.
348:with the
299:Huguenots
268:fusiliers
264:companies
152:1563–1789
841:Fontenoy
783:New York
635:Fontenoy
496:Bastille
368:Fontenoy
335:barracks
284:civilian
276:"fusils"
197:Infantry
715:Gallery
605:Fleurus
569:Battles
537:. The
502:at the
441:tricorn
434:Uniform
303:monarch
254:History
157:Country
91:scholar
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643:(1789)
637:(1745)
631:(1743)
625:(1709)
619:(1706)
613:(1692)
607:(1690)
601:(1648)
589:(1588)
583:(1572)
577:(1567)
455:Rebel
316:(1757)
272:musket
213:French
175:Branch
166:
149:Active
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
339:trial
331:siege
295:Meaux
280:pikes
98:JSTOR
84:books
1079:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1004:ISBN
979:ISBN
948:ISBN
923:ISBN
892:ISBN
865:ISBN
845:ISBN
824:ISBN
808:ISBN
599:Lens
500:riot
483:and
207:The
193:Role
185:Type
179:Army
70:news
919:247
297:by
289:At
53:by
1101::
977:.
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95:·
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