689:
701:
50:
66:
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677:
340:, a vast network of underground corridors, which were used for supply and eventual hiding and evacuation. In the previous centuries, settlers left many vertical shafts which ventilated the lagums, drying the loess and keeping it compact. As the city of Zemun grew and got urbanized, the shafts in time were covered or filled with garbage. That way, the corridors retained the moist and began to collapse. Situation is critical after almost every downpour.
713:
737:
725:
403:
386:) have been found. The cliff-like ending section of the former Bežanija Loess Ridge was suitable for habitation for several reasons: it was an excellent natural lookout as the surrounding region is mostly flat; the land, prior to full urbanization, was fertile; elevation above the Danube's bank prevented damage from the regular floods of the surrounding lowlands. Later, the area was ruled by the Romans, Huns, Avars, Slavs and Hungarians.
137:
483:(6 ft 7 in) above the remains of the fortress, while the fourth will be half of that height, so that the panoramic view on Zemun will be preserved. The reconstruction project of the fortress is work of architects and art conservators Aleksandra Dabižiċ, Ljiljana Konta and Rade Mrlješ. The works began in December 2018 and were finished in December 2019.
73:
636:. Marija came from another affluent merchant family, the Zemun's family Pavlović whose family patron was the Saint Demetrius. After her death, Hariš and their sons, Dimitrije and Konstantin, built the church which is colloquially styled by the Zemun's resident as the Hariš Chapel. The church was completely reconstructed from 2017 to 2020.
327:. Modern area of Zemun's Donji Grad was regularly flooded by the Danube and the water would carve canals through the loess. Citizens would then build pathways along those canals and so created the passages, carving the hills out of the plateau. After massive 1876 floods, local authorities began the construction of the stony
458:
neglect of the fortress became obvious. The outer layer of the plaster completely fell off the brick walls, Because of the subsiding terrain, the southeast tower collapsed, threatening the houses below the fortress. Additionally, the illegal construction of the buildings nearby damaged the fortress further.
462:
was additionally filled to make foundations for it. During the archaeological surveys in 2012–2013, two excellently preserved Roman graves with numerous artifacts and intact skeletons were discovered. They are located between the eastern and southern tower and were dated to the 2nd or the 3rd century AD.
588:
technique was used instead - oil paints on wall plaster. The church was reconstructed from 2007 to 2020. The statics of the building had to be repaired, as the walls began to crack and the pond was created under the foundations. By 2010, when the conservatory works began, the concrete ring girder was
473:
by
Milutin Folić, Belgrade's city architect, and Dejan Matić, president of Zemun municipality. The reconstructed area will cover 2,000 m (22,000 sq ft). The existing stairways which connect the tower with the city below will be expanded, while two panoramic elevators will be built, one
393:
streets unsuitable for modern vehicles, and individual residential houses. As a curiosity, almost half of the neighborhood is occupied by Zemun's largest graveyard. As a popular promenade become somewhat of a fashionable place since the 1990s, several modern restaurants were built near the top of the
525:
fortress on Gardoš hill which barely survived today (only angular towers and parts of the defending wall). The tower was built as a combination of various styles, mostly influenced by the Roman elements. Being a natural lookout, it was used by Zemun's firemen for decades. Today, the tower is better
461:
During the excavations in the late 2010s, digging the old trenches on the outer side of the southwest tower, two arched, opposing entries into the towers were discovered. They are located some 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) below the present ground level of the modern Gardoš Tower, as the terrain
482:
City administration itself devised a reconstruction plan for the fortress walls. All four corner towers of the former fort will be refurbished. Three existing ones were revitalized, while the fourth, which was demolished, was reconstructed as much as possible. Existing towers protrude for 2 m
457:
The fortress was never properly reconstructed since the 17th century. The elements, further military excursions and local population which took stones from the walls to build their own houses, damaged it further. The fortress was placed under the state protection in 1948. By the 21st century, the
478:
on the Danube, which will be constructed in the future. Existing open air facilities, like the restaurant and an amphitheater, will be covered. The remaining open area is envisioned as a "summer stage, artistic colony, fitness zone". The project, which basically includes covering of the fortress
331:
along the Danube's bank. Levee, a kilometer long, was finished in 1889. Today it appears that Zemun is built on several hills, with passages between them turned into modern streets, but the hills are actually manmade. Due to its position above the river, it has been an excellent military lookout
644:
Situated right next to the
Millennium Tower on Gardoš Hill, Zemun's cemetery is unique in Balkan terms. The region is full of cemeteries respecting the dead of the three major religions, yet Zemun's graveyard brings the trio together. Orthodox Christians, Catholics, Muslims and Jews are buried
356:
when
Austrians actually hit the tower, bombing it from the Danube. Left staircase which lead to the cellar, collapsed burying the cellar. Local population believed this was done on purpose by the Austrians, to hide the underground corridors. After the war, a tunnel was dug from the present
446:
troops, was killed in the fighting and the fortress was the last stand of the entire battle. A 1608 miniature by
Maximilian Prandstatter shows the castle fully preserved, complete with the roof. Representations of the Zemun skyline in the later 17th century, however, show only ruins.
454:. The square castle had four round towers, one on each side. The walls were made of broken stone pieces, with brick covering in limestone plaster. For the most part, only sections of the outer walls are preserved, so as three towers, up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high.
267:. Located on the slopes of the hill of the same name, with its tower and preserved old architecture, Gardoš is the major historical landmark of Zemun. Remnants of the Gardoš Fortress, built in the 14th century and the 15th century, are the oldest surviving parts of Zemun.
418:. The existing walls are originating from the 14th and the 15th century. The fortress was built as part of the Hungarian project of restoring or building fortresses on their southern borders, including today also ruined but surviving
343:
The lagums of Zemun, their length and branching, are sources of numerous urban myths. One is that some lagums, originating from a cellar below the vertical stairs at the bottom of the Gardoš Tower, actually go all the way below the
335:
Loess terrain of Gardoš, Kalvarija, Ćukovac is one of the most active landslide areas in
Belgrade. Being cut into for centuries, the loess in some sections have cliffs vertical up to 90%. Additionally, this area is known for
548:
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and wooden planks. A modest temple dedicated to Saint
Nicholas was built from 1717 to 1731. Modern church was built from 1745, when the Austrian authorities granted a permit, to 1752. Modern
332:
through history. The hilly appearance is enhanced by the centuries of fortification of the Gardoš, mostly using stone from
Belgrade's side of the Sava river, which made Gardoš even higher.
465:
The reconstruction project was drafted in 2016. In March 2018 it was announced that the top plateau of the hill and the area surrounding the tower will be revitalized. Without public
551:, commemorating the 22 May 1087. Today is considered the oldest church on territory of urban Belgrade. It was mentioned for the first time in the 1578 diary of German theologian
505:) or the Millennium tower, also known as the Tower on the hill or simply the Gardoš tower. It was built and officially opened on 20 August 1896 to celebrate a thousand years of
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563:, or parochial home, was built in the churchyard, on the location of the first Serbian school in this area. The school was founded in 1745 and one of the teachers was
97:
1068:
799:
40:
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Gardoš Fortress, also known as the Zemun
Fortress or the Citadela, is the oldest preserved part of Old Zemun and is considered one of Belgrade's best
370:
Archaeological surveys showed that the area of the modern hill was almost continually inhabited during the past millennia, as the remains from the
688:
1045:
221:
49:
1030:
890:
Daliborka Mučibabić (18 March 2019). "Gardoški vidikovac sidro za umetnike" [Gardoš scenic viewpoint as an anchor for artists].
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The medieval Zemun fortress is preserved in the remains of the citadel, which was known as the Little Town. The citadel is built in the
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1038:
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ground-floor gallery into the buried cellar, but it turned out there were no corridors out of it. Still, the myth survives.
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known after the Janos
Hunyadi, who actually died in the old fortress four and a half centuries before the tower was built.
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as well as four millennium towers on four directions of the world. Being the southernmost city in then
Hungary within the
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Branka Vasiljević (15 March 2019). "Почели радови на Земунској тврђави" [Works on Zemun Fortress began].
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580:, while some of the interior ornaments are even older, from the 17th century. Wall paintings are not classical
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plateau with concrete, was criticized by the public and other architects. Reconstruction began in March 2019.
661:(Summer in Gardoš), a series of mostly outdoors theatrical performances, held in July and August each year.
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149:
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to the Muhar (Square of Branko Radičević) and other to the Zemunski Kej, and the projected international
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given by his wife Marija, the church was built by the wealthy merchant Grigorije Hariš, originally from
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conquered both Belgrade and Zemun. The entire garrison stationed at Gardoš Fortress, headed by the
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There is a theater called "Teatar Gardoš" but it is located south of the neighborhood, on the
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Gardoš is one of three hills on which the historical core of Zemun was built (other two are
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who wrote that Serbs had a small church in the "village of Zemun", partially roofed with
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For the most part, the neighborhood preserved its old looks, with narrow, still mostly
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throughout the grounds, and there are a number of solemn monuments included as well.
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at night. The tower was built atop the fortress remains, some 4 centuries later
1170:
1104:
547:) is located on the eastern slopes of the hill. It is actually devoted to the
513:. It was part of the massive construction effort which included buildings in
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426:, as a response to the incoming Ottoman invasion. Gardoš had a major role in
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was built in the Serbian Orthodox section of the Zemun cemetery. On the
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river, crossing to Belgrade and connecting Gardoš Fortress with the
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Gardoš, Ćukovac and Kalvarija hills are not natural features. Zemun
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plateau is the former southern shelf of the ancient, now dried,
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Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas from Myra to Bari
909:[Fallacy diary: concreting of Gardoš] (in Serbian).
986:[Saint Demetrius Church embellishes Gardoš again].
287:
and is the natural lookout to the area across the river (
967:[Interior of Nikolajevska church shines again].
943:[Zemun fortress regained original appearance].
872:[Renovation of the medieval fortress began].
593:
were placed on the inside and the object was dried.
438:, when the Ottomans, under the leadership of Sultan
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657:square in Donji Grad. The main cultural event is
497:The major attraction in the neighborhood is the
984:"Crkva Svetog Dimitrija ponovo pleni Gardošem"
469:, the job was directly entrusted to architect
263:. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of
23:Urban neighbourhood in Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
1046:
8:
965:"Zablistala unutrašnjost Nikolajevske crkve"
1091:(13. Maj, Ekonomija, Šangaj, Crveni Barjak)
941:"Zemunska tvrđava vratila prvobitni izgled"
624:From 1874 to 1876, the church dedicated to
1053:
1039:
1031:
521:, the tower was built on the ruins of the
25:
870:"Počela obnova srednjevekovnog utvrđenja"
798:Miloje Jovanović Miki (2 December 2010).
283:). Gardoš rises on the right bank of the
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883:
863:
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401:
982:Branka Vasiljević (16 September 2020).
779:Branka Vasiljević (1 September 2019).
756:
672:
299:). Gardoš borders the neighborhoods of
219:
209:
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127:
92:
58:
46:
939:Branka Vasiljević (13 December 2019).
907:"Dnevnik zabluda: betoniranje Gardoša"
774:
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766:
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762:
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352:across the river. Story originated in
682:The remains of round towers on Gardoš
188:
159:
147:
7:
1099:(Bački Ilovik, Meandri, Zemun Bačka)
1007:(in Serbian), p. 48, 2008-07-08
963:Branka Vasiljević (30 August 2020).
868:Branka Vasiljević (16 March 2019).
718:Summer Stage Amphitheatre on Gardoš
905:Slobodan Maldini (3 August 2018).
430:, when Hungarian forces headed by
394:hill with the view on the Danube.
14:
842:Nikola Belić (22 February 2012),
694:Nicholas Orthodox Church in Zemun
1062:
823:"Klizišta nisu samo hir prirode"
821:Nikola Belić (8 November 2011),
735:
723:
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699:
687:
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467:architectural design competition
135:
71:
64:
48:
671:
16:For the tower on the hill, see
783:[Gardoš srce Zemuna].
600:) of several valuable relics:
303:on the northwest, Ćukovac and
240:
72:
1:
844:"Otapanje pokreće i klizišta"
787:(in Serbian). pp. 28–29.
602:Saint Andrew the First-Called
1001:"Letnja zabava na Gardošu",
54:Sinđelićeva street in Gardoš
434:repelled the Ottomans, and
1274:
1069:Neighbourhoods and suburbs
785:Politika-Magazin, No. 1144
596:The church holds pieces (
589:built on the outside, the
490:
15:
1253:Neighborhoods of Belgrade
1079:
990:(in Serbian). p. 15.
947:(in Serbian). p. 14.
928:(in Serbian). p. 15.
876:(in Serbian). p. 13.
742:Gardoška street in Gardoš
730:Čunarska street in Gardoš
626:Demetrius of Thessaloniki
576:from 1762 is the work of
93:
59:
47:
38:
780:
440:Suleiman the Magnificent
85:Location within Belgrade
32:
800:"Brdo Gardoš nije brdo"
295:in the municipality of
620:Saint Demetrius Church
436:1521 Siege of Belgrade
428:1456 Siege of Belgrade
411:
248:
1026:Gardoš virtuelna tura
706:Haris Chapel in Zemun
535:Saint Nicholas Church
499:Kula Sibinjanin Janka
405:
191: • Summer (
113:44.84889°N 20.40639°E
539:Church dedicated to
1217:Železnička Kolonija
109: /
41:Urban neighbourhood
781:Гардош срце Земуна
604:, Saint Nicholas,
545:Nikolajevska crkva
509:settlement in the
412:
311:on the southeast.
253:urban neighborhood
118:44.84889; 20.40639
1240:
1239:
1183:(Vojni Put I, II)
1166:Little War Island
749:
748:
578:Dimitrije Bačević
471:Ksenija Bulatović
416:scenic viewpoints
350:Belgrade Fortress
307:on the south and
259:, the capital of
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1207:
1184:
1146:
1138:Great War Island
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1065:
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911:Večernje Novosti
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806:. Archived from
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1258:Hills of Serbia
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1206:(Školsko Dobro)
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1189:Plavi Horizonti
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810:on 31 May 2016.
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94:Coordinates:
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37:
27:
19:
1212:Zemunski Kej
1204:Zemun Polje
1122:
1002:
996:
987:
977:
968:
944:
934:
925:
919:
900:
891:
873:
850:(in Serbian)
847:
837:
831:(in Serbian)
826:
816:
808:the original
793:
784:
658:
652:
643:
638:
623:
619:
618:
597:
595:
585:
569:
565:Joakim Vujić
561:clergy house
544:
538:
534:
533:
498:
496:
493:Gardoš Tower
481:
464:
460:
456:
452:Gothic style
449:
432:John Hunyadi
413:
408:Gardoš Tower
391:cobblestoned
388:
369:
366:Neighborhood
342:
337:
334:
318:
274:
232:
231:
162:Municipality
18:Gardoš Tower
1133:Goveđi Brod
1128:Gornji Grad
606:Saint Petka
574:iconostasis
354:World War I
301:Gornji Grad
116: /
1247:Categories
1181:Novi Grad
1171:Mala Pruga
1143:Kalvarija
1110:Donji Grad
1089:Batajnica
752:References
376:Eneolithic
309:Donji Grad
222:Car plates
104:20°24′23″E
101:44°50′56″N
1232:Ugrinovci
1194:Retenzija
1145:(Jelovac)
1115:Galenika
1097:Sutjeska
507:Hungarian
424:Slankamen
372:Neolithic
315:Geography
281:Kalvarija
245:Hungarian
216:+381(0)11
212:Area code
174:Time zone
1151:Kamendin
1004:Politika
988:Politika
969:Politika
945:Politika
926:Politika
892:Politika
874:Politika
848:Politika
828:Politika
804:Politika
634:Novi Sad
586:al secco
582:frescoes
530:Churches
523:medieval
515:Budapest
398:Fortress
380:Iron Age
297:Palilula
271:Location
257:Belgrade
251:) is an
155:Belgrade
1227:Grmovac
1105:Ćukovac
665:Gallery
655:Masaryk
649:Culture
630:bequest
598:čestice
571:Baroque
444:Šajkaši
420:Kupinik
289:Crvenka
277:Ćukovac
130:Country
1222:Busije
1123:Gardoš
1084:Altina
1021:Gardoš
584:, the
338:lagums
285:Danube
261:Serbia
249:Gárdos
241:Гардош
233:Gardoš
150:Region
143:Serbia
140:
79:Gardoš
33:Гардош
30:Gardoš
1176:Muhar
1073:Zemun
557:straw
487:Tower
384:Celts
382:(the
329:levee
321:loess
305:Muhar
265:Zemun
200:UTC+2
179:UTC+1
167:Zemun
1161:Lido
612:and
476:pier
422:and
378:and
346:Sava
279:and
204:CEST
1071:of
255:of
193:DST
183:CET
1249::
953:^
882:^
856:^
846:,
825:,
759:^
616:.
608:,
567:.
374:,
247::
243:;
239::
226:BG
1054:e
1047:t
1040:v
913:.
543:(
235:(
206:)
202:(
195:)
185:)
181:(
20:.
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