1708:
954:), and imported pasture grasses. Oaks were logged to clear land for pasture, and for firewood and fence posts. Livestock grazing trampled and consumed oak seedlings. By the 1990s, more than half the Oregon white oak woodland habitat in the South Puget Sound area of Washington was gone. On Vancouver Island, more than 90% was gone, and on Whidbey Island up to 99% of native understory Oregon white oak habitat is gone. Remaining Oregon white oak woodlands are threatened by urbanization, conversion to Douglas-fir woodland, and invasion by shrubs, both native and nonnative (Scotch broom
67:
784:). The disturbance allowing oak to persist in an area that would otherwise succeed to coniferous forest was primarily fire. Natural wildfires are relatively common in the drier portions of the Pacific Northwest where Oregon white oak is found, but fire suppression has made such events much less common. In addition, early settlers' records, soil surveys, and tribal histories indicate that deliberate burning was widely practiced by the indigenous people of these areas. Fire perpetuated the
800:, and oak; and that provided grazing and easy hunting for deer and elk. Mature Oregon white oaks are fire-resistant, and so would not be severely harmed by grass fires of low intensity. Such fires prevented Douglas-fir and most other conifer seedlings from becoming established, allowing bunch grass prairie and oak woodland to persist. Fire also kept oak woodlands on drier soils free of a shrub understory. Wetter oak woodlands historically had a substantial shrub understory, primarily
432:
289:
111:
448:
86:
540:
808:
2060:
1085:
woodworking without experiencing warping and cracking. Although it was popularly used around the turn of the 20th century, historically, the tree has not been regarded as having significant commercial value and is frequently destroyed as land is cleared for development. The wood is suitable for making fence posts. With similar qualities to those of other
929:
939:
woodlands create a landscape mosaic of grassland, savanna, woodland, and closed-canopy forest. This mosaic of varied habitats, in turn, allows many more species to live in this area than would be possible in coniferous forest alone. Parks Canada states that Garry oak woodlands support more species
1100:
since the 2010s. Oregon white oak barrels are said to give the product "burnt sugar notes, marshmallow sweetness, and a light floral character that showcases the best of the Garry oak". When used as firewood, Oregon white oak produces 28 million
British thermal units per cord (2.3 MWh/m)
947:
of 1850 encouraged settlement of
Washington and Oregon by the United States and marked the beginning of the end of regular burning by native peoples of the area. The arrival of Europeans also reduced the number of natural fires that took place in Oregon white oak habitat. With fire suppression and
1084:
The hardwood is hard and heavily ring-porous. It has distinctive growth rings and prominent rays. Heartwood can be a deep chocolate brown color and sapwood will vary from golden brown to nearly white. This makes it particularly attractive to woodworkers, however it can be difficult to use in
495:
3⁄4–1 inch (rarely 1 1⁄2 inches) long and 1⁄2–3⁄4 inch broad, with shallow, scaly cups. Its fall color is unspectacular, with many trees turning plain brown. Other individuals may have subtle mixtures of brown, green and yellow, or in less common cases a fairly bright 'peas and corn' effect.
2121:: A nonprofit organization devoted to Garry oak conservation on Whidbey Island whose website includes helpful resources on planting and protecting Garry oaks, and contemporary news and updates on issues facing Garry oaks in the Puget Sound Region of Washington State.
53:
940:
of plants than any other terrestrial ecosystem in
British Columbia. It grows in a variety of soil types, for instance, rocky outcrops, glacial gravelly outwash, deep grassland soils, and seasonally flooded riparian areas.
1047:, named after the tree and home to Smith Park that contains a dense grove of mature Garry Oak trees, is actively pursuing conservation of the city's namesake tree with the formation of the Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society.
996:). Conversely, oak groves in wetter areas that historically had closed canopies of large trees are becoming crowded with young oaks that grow thin and spindly, due to lack of fires that would clear out seedlings.
415:. It grows from sea level to an altitude of 690 feet (210 metres) in the northern part of its range, and from 980 to 5,900 ft (300 to 1,800 m) in the south of the range in California. The eponymous
761:
attacks other
Pacific Coast native oaks, it has not yet been found on the Oregon white oak. Most oak hosts of this disease are in the red oak group, while Oregon white oak is in the white oak group.
815:
Oregon white oak woodlands in
British Columbia and Washington are critical habitats for a number of species that are rare or extirpated in these areas, plant, animal, and bryophyte:
521:', green or yellow ball of up to 5 cm in size, are the most spectacular. They are attached to the undersides of leaves. One common species responsible for these galls is
2301:
1848:
2353:
2495:
1197:
772:
Oregon white oak is the only native oak species in
British Columbia, Washington, and northern Oregon. In these areas, oak woodlands are seral, or early-
459:
Quercus garryana is typically of medium height, growing slowly to around 80 feet (24 metres) and occasionally as high as 100 ft (30 m), or in
2249:
2515:
2314:
2262:
2418:
1392:
1915:
1373:
1310:
2015:
479:, 2–6 inches (5.1–15 cm) long and 1–3 inches broad, with 3–7 deep lobes on each side, darker green on top and finely haired below. The
463:
form to 10 to 15 ft (3.0 to 4.6 m) tall. The trunks grow to 3 feet (0.91 m) thick, exceptionally 5 ft (2 m). The
2505:
1078:
2510:
1465:
706:
110:
1692:
1826:
1725:
2520:
2288:
1969:
1348:
656:
2115:: Information about native plant gardening, propagation, removing invasive plants and events for beginners to professionals.
2319:
1940:
2068:
2431:
2358:
1995:
1202:
1054:, significant acreages of Oregon white oaks are preserved in the Scatter Creek Wildlife Area, in sites such as the
980:
702:
525:. Other species create galls on stems and leaves. Shapes vary from spheres to mushroom-shaped to pencil-shaped.
1254:
1032:
1597:
557:
275:
2436:
1061:
In Oak Bay, British
Columbia, a fine of up to $ 10,000 may be issued for each Garry oak tree cut or damaged.
1027:
Oregon white oaks and their ecosystems are the focus of conservation efforts, including communities such as
944:
565:
505:
471:
when solitary, but is also known to grow in groves close enough together that crowns may form a canopy. The
420:
2241:
2074:
1543:
948:
conversion to agriculture, oak woodlands and bunch grass prairies were invaded by
Douglas-fir, Oregon ash (
713:
on the
British Columbia mainland. The northernmost population of Garry oak can be found just below 50°N on
2236:
2179:
2130:
1044:
1000:
829:
279:
2094:
974:
773:
259:
232:
216:
2267:
2168:
2107:
2086:
743:
In
British Columbia, the Garry oak can be infested by three nonnative insects: the jumping gall wasp
2200:
1051:
968:
921:
895:
721:. The Garry oak is the only oak native to British Columbia, and one of only two oaks (along with the
683:
652:
629:
2228:
2108:
Province of British Columbia – Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations: Garry Oak
1429:
740:
The acorns are consumed by wildlife and livestock. David Douglas recorded that bears consumed them.
2392:
2064:
1166:
879:
871:
75:
2345:
1396:
992:
66:
2467:
2423:
1842:
1302:
1212:
1094:
1055:
1040:
1028:
950:
846:
821:
663:
640:
301:
105:
2082:
1876:
591:– tree to 65 (100) ft. British Columbia south along the Cascades to the California Coast Ranges.
2306:
431:
288:
2397:
2379:
2187:
1921:
1911:
1520:
1461:
1369:
1344:
1316:
1306:
1036:
956:
718:
675:
644:
500:
396:
1640:
2500:
2384:
2332:
2020:
1614:
1161:
838:
758:
698:
690:
679:
577:
533:
404:
1778:
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2366:
1696:
986:
962:
887:
863:
632:
valleys, and along the Columbia River Gorge, as well as in canyons adjacent to the gorge.
148:
1862:
1752:
1506:
2410:
2405:
1686:
1206:
1188:
1012:
801:
793:
647:, the Coast Ranges of Northern California, and of the west slope of the Cascades. The
561:
416:
135:
2098:
447:
2489:
2327:
2016:"Westland's Newest Garryana Release Is the Must-buy American Single Malt of the Year"
1729:
1528:
1481:
1224:
1152:
1143:
855:
714:
667:
624:, the tree grows on the west side of the Cascade Range, primarily in the Willamette,
529:
464:
95:
90:
2034:
560:
was the first non-native person who recorded the species (1820s) and named it after
2472:
2192:
1090:
710:
694:
625:
1877:"Trees on Your Property - An Information Guide to Oak Bay's Tree Protection Bylaw"
1296:
2459:
2340:
2275:
2162:
2000:
1074:
1004:
777:
751:
671:
2153:
928:
539:
1800:
1320:
1086:
1070:
1058:, which contain some of the few remaining areas of south Puget Sound prairie.
745:
518:
400:
31:
1925:
2213:
1069:
The mildly sweet (but perhaps unpalatable) acorns are edible, ideally after
785:
734:
682:. It also grows in the foothills of the southeastern Cascades and along the
514:
476:
452:
2449:
807:
528:
Individual specimens can grow to around 500 years in age, such as those on
2371:
2059:
1907:
Foraging Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods
1905:
1298:
Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees
1258:
2444:
2147:
1081:
ate the acorns raw and roasted, also using them to make a kind of flour.
789:
194:
161:
35:
17:
2254:
1341:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
1097:
797:
722:
184:
467:
is gray and fissured. It has the characteristic oval profile of other
2280:
733:
It is a drought-tolerant tree. Older specimens are often affected by
621:
601:– shrub to 15 ft; leaves velvety underneath. Siskiyou Mountains.
484:
480:
472:
174:
2124:
1863:"Wildlife Areas | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife"
611:– shrub to 15 ft; leaves not velvety underneath. Sierra Nevada.
52:
1970:"Whiskey Review: Westland Distillery Garryana (Oregon Oak) Whiskey"
2293:
2218:
927:
806:
538:
510:
492:
488:
460:
446:
430:
122:
2205:
2118:
1093:
in which to age wine. In Washington, it has been used for aging
455:
hardens and becomes a shallow receptacle that contains an acorn.
2128:
1089:, the wood has been used experimentally in Oregon for creating
1077:
would likely prevent anyone from eating enough to become ill.
468:
392:
204:
1578:
Ecology and Conservation of the South Puget Sound Landscape
1996:"Why Matt Hoffman is Bullish on Aging Whisky in Garry Oak"
1699:
Butterflies and Moths of Southern Vancouver Island. 2007.
776:; they depend on disturbance to avoid being overtaken by
2099:
Province of British Columbia – Ministry of Environment:
1343:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. pp. 399–400.
1039:, which has protected the oak savannah remnants around
2112:
1728:. Oregon Oak Communities Working Group. Archived from
1407:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
678:, Whidbey Island, the Chehalis river valley, and the
1460:. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press.
1257:. Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team. Archived from
2137:
709:area. There are also small populations along the
443:) growing in serpentine soils in southwest Oregon.
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
757:While the invasive plant disease commonly called
1295:Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) .
1031:, where an Oak Tree Park has been established;
833:leaf-mining moth, sole larval food plant is oak
1598:"Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team Colloquium"
1211:Note that this website has been superseded by
1167:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T194133A2302183.en
1122:These are often abundant in alternating years.
568:from 1822 to 1835 and a supporter of Douglas.
499:The Oregon white oak is commonly found in the
8:
1827:"Oak Harbor Tries to Stay True to Its Roots"
1482:"Sand Dune Ecosystems on Savary Island, B.C"
705:along the east side of the island up to the
1847:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1458:Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington
1451:
1449:
1447:
2125:
1198:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
287:
84:
65:
51:
42:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1165:
666:, the tree grows on the west side of the
435:The shrub-like form of Oregon white oak (
1424:
1422:
399:, with a range stretching from southern
1249:
1247:
1245:
1134:
1115:
1007:feed on oak leaves, including those of
811:Gall on Oregon white oak, Sonoma County
314:
1840:
1781:. Sound Publishing. Whidbey News Times
1591:
1589:
1587:
1507:"Oak | the Canadian Encyclopedia"
1387:
1385:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
639:variety grows in the foothills of the
2014:G. Clay Whittaker (August 29, 2018),
1899:
1897:
1405:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1035:, which is named after the tree; and
7:
750:, the oak leaf phylloxeran, and the
509:. It is also commonly found hosting
30:"Garry Oak" redirects here. For the
2496:IUCN Red List least concern species
2035:"What is the best firewood to burn"
1153:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
788:that produced food sources such as
717:, in the northern stretches of the
2113:Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team
1580:. Seattle: The Nature Conservancy.
1525:A Natural History of Western Trees
1368:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
25:
2037:. Firewoodresource. 22 April 2009
1968:Padilla, Natalie (21 July 2016).
1825:King 5 Staff (29 November 2016).
1301:(field guide ed.). Seattle:
655:and Coast Ranges as far south as
564:, who was deputy governor of the
2437:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296175-1
2058:
1777:Newberry, Ron (April 11, 2015).
1544:"Phytophthora ramorum host list"
1366:Insects of the Pacific Northwest
1364:Haggard, Peter and Judy (2006).
109:
1910:. Guilford, CT: Falcon Guides.
1779:"Group aims to save Garry oaks"
1714:Natural History Museum, London.
825:, sole larval food plant is oak
819:Propertius duskywing butterfly
2516:Garden plants of North America
1994:Dan Dunn (November 14, 2018),
1724:Barnes, Marc (November 2003).
1399:Quercus garryana var. garryana
1073:. The bitterness of the toxic
407:. It is commonly known as the
1:
1904:Nyerges, Christopher (2017).
1596:Lea; Miles; McIntosh (2006).
1456:Franklin and Dyrness (1988).
693:, the Garry oak grows on the
2119:Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society
2087:Plants of British Columbia:
1948:Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society
1941:"Woodturning with Garry Oak"
1805:Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society
1757:Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society
1666:Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society
1662:"Why Are Oaks Disappearing?"
1619:Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society
1615:"Garry Oak Ecosystem Plants"
1229:Oak Harbor Garry Oak Society
725:) native to western Canada.
1726:"Bald Hill Oak Restoration"
1339:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
674:lowlands, the northeastern
419:was deputy governor of the
409:Garry Oak, Oregon white oak
2537:
1487:. Savary Island Land Trust
1432:. University of Washington
1203:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
981:Toxicodendron diversilobum
517:in the family Cynipidae. '
451:As the fruit matures, the
29:
2506:Trees of Northern America
1753:"Local Garry Oak History"
1033:Oak Bay, British Columbia
932:An Oregon white oak grove
307:
300:
295:
286:
265:
258:
106:Scientific classification
104:
82:
73:
64:
59:
50:
45:
2511:Plants described in 1840
2075:Flora of North America:
903:Entosthodon fascicularis
844:Slender billed nuthatch
60:Mature Oregon white oak
1576:Dunn and Ewing (1997).
1521:Peattie, Donald Culross
945:Donation Land Claim Act
543:Oregon white oak leaves
506:Phoradendron flavescens
2521:Drought-tolerant trees
2071:) at Wikimedia Commons
1688:Chionodes petalumensis
1641:"Garry Oak Ecosystems"
1225:"What is a Garry Oak?"
1045:Oak Harbor, Washington
1001:Chionodes petalumensis
933:
861:Western gray squirrel
830:Bucculatrix zophopasta
812:
670:, particularly in the
544:
503:hosting the mistletoe
456:
444:
1732:on September 12, 2011
1193:Douglas ex Hook."
1160:: e.T194133A2302183.
975:Oemleria cerasiformis
931:
810:
782:Pseudotsuga menziesii
651:variety grows in the
542:
450:
434:
1939:Rudolph H., Knaack.
1305:. pp. 229–234.
1142:Beckman, E. (2016).
1052:Southwest Washington
969:Symphoricarpos albus
922:Castilleja levisecta
896:Trillium parviflorum
877:Western wood peewee
684:Columbia River Gorge
566:Hudson's Bay Company
421:Hudson's Bay Company
395:tree species of the
2101:Garry Oak Ecosystem
880:Contopus sordidulus
872:Piranga ludoviciana
853:Sharp tailed snake
635:In California, the
523:Cynips maculipennis
373:Quercus oerstediana
76:Conservation status
27:Species of oak tree
1751:Renninger, Laura.
1695:2016-10-29 at the
1303:Mountaineers Books
1261:on 3 February 2011
1213:World Flora Online
1056:Scatter Creek Unit
1029:Tacoma, Washington
960:, sweetbriar rose
951:Fraxinus latifolia
934:
919:Golden Paintbrush
847:Sitta carolinensis
822:Erynnis propertius
813:
657:Los Angeles County
545:
457:
445:
2483:
2482:
2380:Open Tree of Life
2131:Taxon identifiers
2063:Media related to
1917:978-1-4930-2534-3
1430:"Burke Herbarium"
1375:978-0-88192-689-7
1312:978-1-68051-329-5
1037:Corvallis, Oregon
957:Cytisus scoparius
909:Bartramia stricta
901:Banded cord-moss
893:Sessile trillium
885:Western bluebird
836:Lewis woodpecker
719:Strait of Georgia
697:and southeastern
676:Olympic Peninsula
645:Klamath Mountains
553:Taxonomic history
501:Willamette Valley
397:Pacific Northwest
384:
383:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
325:
317:Quercus douglasii
99:
46:Oregon white oak
16:(Redirected from
2528:
2476:
2475:
2463:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2398:Quercus garryana
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2349:
2348:
2336:
2335:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2257:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2169:Quercus garryana
2158:
2157:
2156:
2139:Quercus garryana
2126:
2089:Quercus garryana
2077:Quercus garryana
2065:Quercus garryana
2062:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1974:The Whisket Wash
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1853:
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1846:
1838:
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1834:
1822:
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1813:
1811:
1797:
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1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1721:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1292:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1191:Quercus garryana
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1146:Quercus garryana
1139:
1123:
1120:
1079:Native Americans
1009:Quercus garryana
984:, English holly
937:Quercus garryana
869:Western tanager
839:Melanerpes lewis
766:Quercus garryana
759:sudden oak death
699:Vancouver Island
691:British Columbia
680:San Juan Islands
605:Quercus garryana
595:Quercus garryana
585:Quercus garryana
576:There are three
534:Portland, Oregon
437:Quercus garryana
405:British Columbia
403:to southwestern
388:Quercus garryana
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
336:(R.Br.ter) Zabel
335:
329:Quercus garryana
323:
291:
271:
269:Quercus garryana
251:Q. garryana
237:
221:
114:
113:
93:
88:
87:
69:
55:
43:
21:
2536:
2535:
2531:
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2527:
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2525:
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2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2430:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2367:Observation.org
2365:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2305:
2300:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2133:
2055:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1918:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1839:
1832:
1830:
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987:Ilex aquifolium
963:Rosa eglanteria
888:Sialia mexicana
864:Sciurus griseus
770:
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701:, from west of
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2053:External links
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2049:
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2026:
2006:
1986:
1960:
1931:
1916:
1893:
1868:
1854:
1817:
1801:"Preservation"
1792:
1769:
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1716:
1712:: Host plants.
1701:
1678:
1653:
1639:Parks Canada.
1631:
1606:
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1531:. p. 426.
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1180:
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990:, bird cherry
972:, Indian plum
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911:
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91:Least Concern
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33:
19:
2138:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2039:. Retrieved
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:
1934:
1906:
1884:. Retrieved
1871:
1857:
1831:. Retrieved
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1756:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1719:
1709:
1704:
1687:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1577:
1548:. Retrieved
1537:
1527:. New York:
1524:
1515:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1476:
1457:
1434:. Retrieved
1409:. Retrieved
1404:
1398:
1365:
1359:
1340:
1297:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:the original
1232:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1205:– via
1196:
1190:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1157:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1083:
1068:
1060:
1049:
1026:
1023:Conservation
1016:
1008:
1005:caterpillars
999:
998:
993:Prunus avens
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
966:, snowberry
961:
955:
949:
942:
936:
935:
920:
914:
913:(liverwort)
908:
902:
894:
886:
878:
870:
862:
854:
845:
837:
828:
820:
814:
798:bracken fern
781:
774:successional
771:
765:
756:
744:
742:
739:
732:
711:Fraser River
695:Gulf Islands
688:
661:
648:
636:
634:
619:
616:Distribution
608:
604:
598:
594:
588:
584:
575:
556:
527:
522:
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412:
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316:
268:
266:
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249:
233:
217:
205:
168:
155:
142:
129:
40:
2341:NatureServe
2276:iNaturalist
2163:Wikispecies
2001:Robb Report
1173:13 November
1095:single malt
1075:tannic acid
907:Apple moss
778:Douglas-fir
752:spongy moth
748:saltatorius
672:Puget Sound
630:Rogue River
513:created by
427:Description
149:Angiosperms
2490:Categories
2411:kew-172855
2406:Plant List
2177:Calflora:
2041:14 October
1953:17 October
1833:17 October
1810:17 October
1762:17 October
1671:17 October
1646:7 February
1624:17 October
1550:6 February
1436:3 February
1411:3 February
1393:USDA, NRCS
1350:0394507614
1321:1141235469
1265:3 February
1105:References
1087:white oaks
1013:valley oak
786:grasslands
746:Neuroterus
664:Washington
519:Oak apples
413:Oregon oak
401:California
213:Subgenus:
2242:233501033
1926:965922681
1843:cite news
1785:3 October
1736:11 August
1130:Citations
1110:Footnotes
1041:Bald Hill
1017:Q. lobata
802:snowberry
768:woodlands
735:heart rot
578:varieties
572:Varieties
477:deciduous
453:involucre
245:Species:
229:Section:
119:Kingdom:
18:Garry oak
2457:VASCAN:
2450:13100063
2445:Tropicos
2346:2.147581
2307:11356259
2294:296175-1
2154:Q2029492
2148:Wikidata
2069:category
1886:18 April
1693:Archived
1523:(1953).
1395:(n.d.).
1101:burned.
1071:leaching
849:aculeata
703:Victoria
641:Siskiyou
637:garryana
589:garryana
548:Taxonomy
491:a small
376:R.Br.ter
344:R.Br.ter
302:Synonyms
234:Quercus
218:Quercus
195:Fagaceae
191:Family:
162:Eudicots
96:IUCN 3.1
36:Gary Oak
2501:Quercus
2255:2879260
2206:1151590
1979:3 March
1542:APHIS.
1491:17 July
1255:"GOERT"
1098:whiskey
729:Ecology
723:bur oak
599:breweri
485:catkins
481:flowers
441:breweri
368:Engelm.
276:Douglas
238:Quercus
222:Quercus
206:Quercus
201:Genus:
185:Fagales
181:Order:
123:Plantae
94: (
32:Pokémon
2419:PLANTS
2385:926287
2372:441833
2359:168162
2333:194133
2229:quegar
2226:FEIS:
1924:
1914:
1546:. USDA
1464:
1372:
1347:
1319:
1309:
649:semota
626:Umpqua
622:Oregon
609:semota
487:, the
473:leaves
391:is an
360:Hansen
352:Liebm.
333:jacobi
175:Rosids
2424:QUGA4
2320:19340
2302:IRMNG
2281:68632
2268:30679
2219:QUEGR
2193:6WRQZ
2104:– PDF
1944:(PDF)
1880:(PDF)
1601:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1091:casks
790:camas
607:var.
597:var.
587:var.
532:near
515:wasps
511:galls
493:acorn
489:fruit
461:shrub
439:var.
331:var.
321:neaie
319:var.
280:Hook.
236:sect.
220:subg.
169:Clade
156:Clade
143:Clade
130:Clade
2460:5963
2432:POWO
2393:PfaF
2354:NCBI
2328:IUCN
2315:ITIS
2289:IPNI
2263:GRIN
2250:GBIF
2214:EPPO
2180:6996
2043:2012
1981:2019
1955:2019
1922:OCLC
1912:ISBN
1888:2012
1849:link
1835:2019
1812:2019
1787:2015
1764:2019
1738:2013
1673:2019
1648:2011
1626:2019
1552:2011
1493:2017
1462:ISBN
1438:2011
1413:2011
1370:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1317:OCLC
1307:ISBN
1267:2011
1236:2020
1175:2021
1158:2016
1065:Uses
1011:and
943:The
643:and
628:and
483:are
475:are
469:oaks
465:bark
311:List
2468:WFO
2237:FNA
2201:EoL
2188:CoL
1162:doi
1050:In
1019:).
804:.
689:In
662:In
620:In
536:.
411:or
393:oak
278:ex
2492::
2470::
2447::
2434::
2421::
2408::
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2165::
2150::
2018:,
1998:,
1972:.
1946:.
1920:.
1896:^
1845:}}
1841:{{
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1275:^
1244:^
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1156:.
1150:.
1043:.
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145::
132::
2067:(
2045:.
1983:.
1957:.
1928:.
1890:.
1865:.
1851:)
1837:.
1814:.
1789:.
1766:.
1740:.
1690:.
1675:.
1650:.
1628:.
1603:.
1554:.
1509:.
1495:.
1470:.
1440:.
1415:.
1401:"
1397:"
1378:.
1353:.
1323:.
1269:.
1238:.
1209:.
1189:"
1177:.
1164::
1148:"
1144:"
1015:(
780:(
98:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
